Discus | |||||||
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Discus ya Hairstel | |||||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Subfamily: | Cichlasomatinae |
Jenda: | Discus |
Symphysodon Heckel, 1840
Discus (lat. Symphysodon) - mtundu wa nsomba za cichlid, wofala ku Amazon. Amadziwika ndi thupi lozunguliridwa, lodzitchinjiriza pambuyo pake, mumtunduwo muli ndondomeko ya milozo isanu ndi inayi. Nsomba zazikulu zimafika 20 cm kutalika. Kugonana kwamanyazi sikunafotokozeredwe.
Kuchulukitsa
Pakadali pano, pali zosankha zingapo zamachitidwe azinthu zachilengedwe zamtundu wa discus.
Kuyambira mu 1904, mtundu wina wawoneka mu mseru wama cichlids Symphysodon discuskuphatikiza mawonekedwe achilengedwe amikhalidwe yomwe idadziwika nthawi imeneyo monga subspecies:
- Haeckel discus Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
Mu 1960, American ichthyologist Leonard Schulz adasindikiza mu Trrop Fish Hobbyist zotsatira za kusinthanso kwake kwamtunduwu. Buku ili, lomwe Symphysodon aequifasciata adalekanitsidwa ndi kukhala pawokha ndikulongosola ma subspecies ake awiri atsopanowa, linali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kolakwika komanso zotsutsana, dongosolo limodzi la mitundu inayi lidagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama nthawi imeneyo.
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- Equus Discus Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- discus yobiriwira S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- brown discus S. aequifasciata axelrodi Shultz, 1960
- buluu discus S. aequifasciata haraldi Shultz, 1960
Pakuwunikanso zotsatira za chuma cha Sven Kullander, gawoli m'magawo ang'onoang'ono lidathetsedwa. Buku lake, The Cyclic Fish of the Peruvian Amazon, lofalitsidwa mu 1986, lidasintha kwakukulu zinthu zingapo pamisonkho yamakampani aku South America, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa Symphysodon. M'magazini ake komanso pambuyo pake, Cullander adazindikira mitundu iwiri yokha kuti ndi yoyenera: Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 ndi Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, ndipo adatanthauzira malongosoledwe ena onse ngati mawu ofanana.
Heiko Bleer, mu chithunzi chake chotchedwa "Discus of Bleer," adazindikira mtundu wamtundu womwe udagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ndi mitundu itatu yoyambira zaka 1960 kukhala yatha, komanso chiyanjano choperekedwa ndi Kullander (1986). Bleer anapatula mitundu itatu yamtundu wa Symphysodon: Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840, Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, Symphysodon haraldi Schultz, 1960.
Mu 2006, asayansi aku Sweden adati kusinthanitsa mitundu itatu:
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840
- Heckel discus S. discus discus Heckel, 1840
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin, 1904
- Equal-disk discus S. aequifasciata aequifasciata Pelegrin, 1904
- S. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
- thunzi lofiirira lofiirira S. t. tanzoo Lyons, 1959
Biotope
Ma bizinesi aku chigwa cha Amazon amasintha kwambiri chaka chonse. Kutayamba kwamvula mu Disembala, mtsinje wa Amazon umatulutsa. Mvula yakuwunda ndi madzi osungunuka ochokera m'malo okwera kukweza madzi mumtsinje. Madzi m'milandu yambiri panthawiyi amasintha mayendedwe amakono kupita mbali ina, mpaka mtsinjewo umadzala madzi osefukira. Mnyumba zosungiramo madzi oyera, madzi osefukira amabweretsa madzi akumaumba amatope. Mtengo wokhala ndi madzi osefukira kuzungulira Amazon umasanduka dambo limodzi lomwe limayenda pang'onopang'ono. Pofika mwezi wa Meyi, mvula yamphamvu imasiya. Madzi amtsinje amaleka kulowa m'madzi m'nkhalango yomwe imadzaza madzi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuwonekera. Kuyambira Julayi, kwa miyezi ingapo, madziwo achepetsedwa kwambiri. Madziwe ambiri okhala ndi mitsinje ing'onoing'ono ndi mitsinje yaying'ono imawoneka momwe madzi amakhala oyera ndi mtundu wakuda. Magawo am'madzi m'malo osungirako oterowo amatha kufikira kufewetsa, kuchepa kwa magetsi, komanso kusachita bwino. Malinga ndi H. Bleher, discus imakhala m'madzi "akuda" pakati m'nkhalangozi za zitsamba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe pansi pake ndimakutidwa ndi masamba owola. Madziwo ndi ofewa kwambiri komanso acidic. Mizu yamizere yam'madzi imakhala pansi pa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imakhala pogona ndi gawo lapansi pongofalikira. Ndi kuchepa kwa madzi, nsombazi zimachoka pogona ndikuyenda, kupita kumalo osungira.
Nsomba za Discus sizimapezeka m'mitsinje yayikulu ndipo sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'malo omwe amayenda kwambiri, zimadzaza mitsinje yambiri komanso mitsinje yambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyenda kovuta kwa magulu akutali kumayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwamakhalidwe (makamaka utoto) ngakhale kwa magulu ochepa. Anthu am'deralo amatha kukhala anthu mazana angapo, zomwe zikuwonetsa zikhalidwe za nsomba zophunzitsidwa.
Mwachilengedwe, maziko a chakudya cha discus ndi mphutsi zamtundu wamadzi ndi shrimp yamadzi oyera.
Ulimi wa nsomba wa Aquarium
Nsomba zamtundu wa Discus zimakonda kwambiri ulimi wa nsomba zam'madzi. Ali m'gulu la nsomba zokongola kwambiri zam'madzi. Discus idawonekera ku Europe pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, ndipo idafala pakati pa azungu aku Europe kuyambira 1921. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ana adatengedwa ukapolo, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana ku Germany kuyambira 1933-1936. Mu malo osungira amateur, osudzulidwa mu 1956 ku GDR.
Ku USSR, discus idayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1957, koma sizinatheke kuti zitsimikizidwe ngati zili mndende. Nsomba zidatumizidwanso ku USSR mu 1962 ndikugulitsa ku Estonia.
Mwa nsomba zina zam'madzi zotulutsidwa kuchokera ku Brazil zochuluka, gawo lalikulu limayimiriridwa ndi nsomba za discus. Ngakhale anthu ochokera ku chilengedwe sakukhala ndi chidwi ndi malo okhala masewera am'madzi, chifukwa cha zoyipa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe sichingafanane ndi malo am'madzi, "savage" akufunidwa ndi gulu lonse la minda yama aquarium, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhalabe ndi anthu amtundu wathunthu.
Pakadali pano, kutchuka kwa discus kumalimbikitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kubereka pamsika, yosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe a thupi, mawonekedwe abwino ndi mtundu. Zophatikiza zotchuka:
- Daimondi ya buluu
- Discus yoyera chipale
- Chimbale chofiira
- Silika wofiira
- Daimondi yofiira
- Magazi a pigeon
- Mzimu
- Wagolide
- Nyanja yobiriwira
Mikhalidwe ya Aquarium
Nsomba zimazindikira kuyera kwa madzi am'madzi ndi kukula kwa madzi am'madzi. Ma Aquariums okhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 200 ndi kubwezeretsa mkati mwa sabata kwa madzi 30% akulimbikitsidwa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhazikika kwa pH yogwira ntchito yamadzi: kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la nsomba. Kuwala kwa Aquarium kumakhala kocheperako ndi malo osinthika. Kutentha kwamadzi 28-32 ° C.
Kuswana
M'mbiri ya kusunga ma discus m'madzi am'madzi, kuswana kwawo kumadziwika kuti ndikochita bwino kwambiri pantchito za nsomba zamakedzana. Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pakubala discus amazindikira kuti ndizovuta kwambiri posankha opanga awiri abwino. Monga lamulo, kupeza ana kuchokera ku magulu awiri okhazikika sikovuta.
Mavuto opanga banja labwino amatha kuwonekera pamagawo osiyanasiyana obala:
- awiriwo apanga, koma othandizirana popanda chifukwa chotsimikizika sayambira kukonzekera gawo lapansi ndi kuwaza
- awiriwo adakhazikitsa, koma m'modzi mwa abwenziwo ndiwokhwimitsa kapena wopanda chidwi
- awiriwo adapanga, adasankha gawo limodzi, adayikira mazira, kenako onse awiri ataya chidwi ndi zomangamanga
- awiriwo apanga, asankha gawo lapansi, adayikira mazira, m'modzi mwa omwe ali pachiwonetsero amakhala wokwiya kwa mnzake
- awiriwo adapanga, adasankha gawo limodzi, adayikira mazira, onse awiri kapena m'modzi pang'onopang'ono amadya mazira nthawi ya chibwenzi. Vutoli limatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa anthu ena okwiyitsa okhala m'madzimo.
Kuchokera pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa, mavuto awiri oyamba okha ndi ovuta kuthetsa mwaukadaulo, kusankha kwa zinthu ndi zizindikiro zamadzi. Kafukufuku wamakono wamadzi am'madzi amapereka njira zosungiririra ubweya mwa kupatula opanga okha ndi chisamaliro chotsatira kapena kuyika gululi pamtunda womwe umalola kuti madzi azinguluka pamazira ndipo nthawi yomweyo imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mazira ndi opanga.
Kuyesa koyambirira kubereka diski kunaphatikizapo kulekanitsa makolo ndi mazira awo, zomwe ndi zolakwika, popeza mwachangu amadya prolactin oyambitsidwa ndi makolo awo, secretocyte (maselo apadera) monga gwero loyambirira lazakudya (ndipo osati ntchofu wa matupi a makolo).
Kutentha kwa madzi pa nthawi ya kubereka kuyenera kukhala 30-32, pa 26 degrees mazira pafupifupi osatulutsa, ndipo opangawo amataya masonry.
Kwa zizindikiro zina discus sikufuna. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsa chonde cha mazira, chifukwa chake, madzi ofewa amalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha discus panthawi yakuswana. Pomwe mukukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo osyanasiyana okhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 100, popanda dothi ndi mbewu. Miphika yamaluwa ya ceramic kapena ma coresic apadera a ceramic amayenera bwino ngati gawo lapansi. Nsomba zimathanso kusankha zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni: chotenthetsera chokhala ndi khosi kapena khoma la fyuluta yamkati. Potengera zomwe asankha, banjali lingasonyeze kuumirira.
Kuwaza madzi kumasintha monga mwa nthawi zonse.
Kugwirizana
Nsomba za Discus sizankhanza ndipo sizikuwopseza anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Vuto loyenderana lingakhale kuti discus ndi thermophilic kuposa nsomba zam'madzi zotchuka. Ngati cholinga cha oyang'anira m'nyanja ndikupereka malo abwino kwambiri osungira chimbudzi, malo ena okhala ndi malo omwe mungangoyangapo disco ndiosavuta. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazo zikufanana ndi ma scalars, discus imaletsa kuyandikira kuyandikira kwa chomaliza. Khalidwe lakuthwa komanso losachedwa kwambiri la scalars sililola kuwalimbikitsa kuti agwirizane ndi discus.
Maonekedwe a nsomba discus
Katani nsomba yowoneka bwino kwambiri, komanso kukonza kwake kumafunika malo ena okhwima. Choyamba, pogula nsomba izi, muyenera kuwapatsa mwayi wopita kumalo atsopano. Popeza nsombazo zimaphunzirira sukulu, ndiye kuti kuzigula ndizoyenera zidutswa zochepa. Koma ngakhale kusungidwa kwazinthu zonse sikutanthauza kuti discus yopanda vuto mnyumba yatsopano - nsomba ndizopanda nkhawa.
Mu chithunzichi, nsomba ya discus leopard
Chimodzi mwazofunikira zazikulu mu discus nkhani ndi lalikulu aquarium. Popeza nsomba izi ndizambiri, ndikuzidzaza m'magulu a anthu asanu ndi mmodzi, ndiye kuti azikhala ndi malo okwanira - kuchokera ku malita 250 amadzi. Kutalika kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala osachepera 50 cm ndi mulifupi osachepera 40 cm.
Narrow screen aquariums sigwira ntchito, chifukwa discus wamkulu sangangotembenuka mozungulira. Ponena za zofunikira zamadzi zokha, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe amayenda kuchokera pa mpopi yanu, kuwalola kuti ayime kwa maola 48 kuti nyengo ya chlorine yaulere.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kuyambira pamenepo discus zachilengedwe khalani m'madzi ofewa, ndiye kuti aquarium iyenera kukhala yomweyo. Koma, choyambirira, izi zimabweretsa zovuta zina m'malo mwake, chifukwa muyenera kusintha madzi osachepera 30% ndikuyeretsa sabata iliyonse, ndipo chachiwiri, madzi olimba ndi otetezeka - majeremusi omwe ali ndi vuto la discus sangakhalepo.
Mu chithunzi discus diamondi
Koma nsomba zomwe zili ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri pa pH zopitilira 8.0. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kuputa nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otere kuti ziziswana, zimapangitsa kuti madziwo akhale ofewa ndikupanga zina zofunika. Ponena za kutentha kwa madzi, kuyenera kukhala osachepera 29 ° C.
China chimodzi yofunika discus - ukhondo wa m'madzimo. Kuchokera pakuwonetsetsa gawo ili, zofunika zina zingapo zimatsata: kukanidwa kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala m'madzimo, nthawi zonse (makamaka pambuyo pa kudyetsa chilichonse) kuyeretsa kapena kukanidwa, kuyika kwa fayilo yabwino yamadzi.
Chofunikira pakukonzanso bwino kwa discus ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pakhale chete, osavulaza psyche yofooka ya nsombazi ndi mawu akulu, kugogoda, kusuntha kwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyika aquarium m'malo abata, pomwe pali kuwala kokwanira, koma palibe kuwala kowala.
Mwakuwala kowala, discus imakhala yosasangalatsa nthawi zonse. Pansi pa aquarium iyeneranso kukhala yamdima. Monga zokongoletsera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala apamwamba a pulasitiki a driftwood, nthambi, mbewu. Mitengo ya Discus imakonda kubisala m'malo otetezeka, kuyimirira pansi pa nthambi zamitengo.
Thanzi lathanzi la nsomba
Mutha kudyetsa nsomba zokongola izi ndi mitundu ingapo ya zakudya: zosakanizira zowuma, chisanu chosakanizika, chakudya chamoyo. Ngati mumasankha zosakanikirana, mumangofunika kulabadira mapuloteni omwe ali mmenemo, ayenera kukhala osachepera 45%.
Eni discus ambiri amakonda kuphika chakudya chawo pogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe awo otsimikiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri, nyama ya pansi ya nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko (ndiye kuchuluka kwamafuta), komwe, ngati mungafune, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kusakaniza shirimpu, mamina, nsomba, mavitamini ndi mankhwala.
Ndi chakudya chamoyo muyenera kusamala kwambiri komanso kusamala, chifukwa ndizosavuta kubweretsa majeremusi m'madzi nawo. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro mwa omwe amapereka chakudya choterocho, ndikuphatikizanso kuyeretsa. Ngakhale ndizovuta, ndizosavuta kuposa mtsogolo kuchitira discus. Zakudya zilizonse ziyenera kukhala zofewa, chifukwa nsomba izi sizikudziwa kuthira tinthu tosakhazikika.
Kuberekanso ndi Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Discus
Nsombazo zokhwima zimagawika awiriawiri, ndipo chachikazi chimayikira mazira 200-400 pa pepala loyenerera kapena gawo lapansi. Kuti mubereke mwakachetechete, ndibwino kuti mudzala ma banja mumalo osiyanasiyana momwe mungapangire malo oyenera: acidite madzi, muchepetsani ndikukweza kutentha mpaka 31-32С⁰. Pamatenthedwe, mazira sangabowole, ndipo makolo ataya pansi.
Pambuyo maola 60, mwachangu amayamba kuwaswa, komwe kumadyetsa chinsinsi cha khungu la makolo awo masiku asanu oyamba. Kenako, ana amafunika kubzala ndi kudyetsa mazira ndi yolk ndi artemia, kuyang'ananso machitidwe ena onse omangidwa, ngati nsomba yayikulu.
Ngakhale zovuta pazomwe zili, discus idapambana malo m'mitima ya amateurs komanso akatswiri azamadzi am'madzi. Mtengo wa Discus kuchokera ku ma ruble a 1000 ndi kupitilira apo, kutengera ndi sitolo, mtundu wake ndi msinkhu wa nsomba.
Makhalidwe akunja
Discus ndi wa banja la cichlid. Koma ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la ma cichlids, omwe ndi ambiri omwe amadziwa. Ma Cichlids ndiwosaka, osaka malo. Discus ilibe nkhanza kapena kufuna kuteteza gawo lawo kuti lisasokonekere kwa ena.
Maonekedwe apamwamba a diskus ndi thupi lalikulu lalikulu loumbika pambuyo pake, lomwe, limodzi ndi zipsepse, limafanana ndi disk. Chifukwa chake, mwa njira, ndi dzina. Pakamwa pa nsombazi ndi laling'ono, maso amakhala akumwetulira, akuda komanso ozungulira. Mphete zamkati ndi ma anal ndizofanana ndimawonekedwe, sizikhala ndi njira zilizonse, mbali zazitali ndi chophimba. Mchira umakhalanso wofatsa. Vipimo zimadalira mtundu wa nsomba, komanso mikhalidwe ya kumangidwa.
Masiku ano, nsomba zochulukazo zimasinthidwa kukhala magulu angapo amitundu. Komanso, mayina a magulu nthawi zonse samawonetsa mawonekedwe.
- Disney ya Haeckel - yodziwika kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi, amakhala mwachilengedwe. Utoto - osati wofiyira, monga mungaganizire. Mthunzi wa thupi umakhalabe wofiyira. Ziphuphu zimakonda kusefukira. Mu thupi lonse, pali zingwe zambiri zakuda zakuda zomwe zimatambalala kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika. Pansi pa zochitika zina (malo abata, kutentha koyenera) mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri imawoneka pa thupi, chapakati chomwe ndichopanda kwambiri (chiwerengero chimatengera kukula kwa nsomba, nthawi zambiri 6-7). Nsombazi zimakula mpaka masentimita 7 mpaka 9. M'mawonekedwe abwino shimmers okhala ndi mithunzi yofiira ndi yabuluu.
- Cobalt - mikwingwirima ndi mawanga osakhazikika pathupi la nsomba izi zimapanga mawonekedwe amtambo wabuluu. Kudutsa thupi lonse lozungulira, mikwingwirima yakuda ikhoza kuwonekeranso.
- Turquoise (Diskus Turkis) - mithunzi yoyambilira ya thupi ndiyopepuka komanso yobiriwira. Maanga ndi mikwingwirima ndizochulukanso.
- Magazi a pigeon ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa discus, utoto waukulu wamtundu ndi lalanje-golide, koma pali utoto wamtambo, ndichifukwa chake nsomba imawoneka yosalala mosiyanasiyana. Pali malo owerengeka ndi mikwingwirima, koma mikwingwirima yakuda ndiyowonekera bwino. Zipsepsezo ndi za buluu kuphatikiza zakuda.
- Golide - mithunzi kuchokera ku chikasu chowala mpaka golide. Oyimira mtengo kwambiri alibe mikwingwirima kapena malo.
Mwambiri, mtundu wa discus ndi wovuta kufotokoza m'mawu ochepa, motero umapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, amayamikiridwa pakati pa akatswiri am'madzi - amakhala okongola kwambiri.
Kodi mumagwirizana ndi ndani?
Ma discs, zomwe mkati mwake mumalonjeza kale zovuta zambiri, mu aquarium ndi nsomba zina zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi sikungosowa kwa malo chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa ma cichlids.
Discus ndi chilengedwe chake ndi chamtendere, ochezeka komanso osagwirizana. Kusungulumwa sikololedwa kwenikweni, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuyiyambitsa ndi gulu la anthu 6.
Izi nsomba zaulere komanso zopanda phokoso zili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakakamiza oyenda m'madzi kuti asiyane. Choyamba, kumatentha kwambiri pamitundu yambiri yamadzi. Kachiwiri, discus imakonda matenda omwe amatha kuyambitsa oyandikana nawo osafunikira. Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti mugone nawo, ndiye kuti chisankho ndikuyimira kumbali ya Clown, Congo, tetra-red-nept, red neon ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba zamkati.
Izi ndi nsomba zosasangalatsa kwambiri pokonza ndi kusamalira, zomwe zimafunikira koposa zonse kuti zigawo zamadzi. Mu malo achiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa malo am'madzi ndi oyandikana nawo. Moyenerera, discus imapezeka mu malo osungirako zinyalala. Oimira ochepa padziko lapansi pamadzi amatha kulekerera kutentha kwam'madzi kwambiri ndikukhalitsa.
- Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumachokera pa malita 150 pa banja lililonse. Izi ndizotsutsana, chifukwa discus imawoneka modabwitsa osati awiriawiri, koma pagulu la zidutswa za 6-8. Kwa anthu 6, mumasowa ma aquarium ochokera ku malita 300, okhala ndimakoma akulu, komanso okwanira.
- Kutentha 30-32 ° C - awa ndi madzi ofunda, okwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro za aquarium.
- Kuuma ndi 10-15, kutulutsa kumakhala kocheperako (magawo ambiri nthawi zambiri amachokera pa 5 mpaka 20), ndipo chizowonetserachi chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, kupewa kudumpha
- Acidity - 5.5-7.5
- Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse (kotala mwa voliyumu), kumafunikira kukhala koyera komanso kwatsopano
- Palibe zofunika pa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a dothi - discus alibe chizolowezi chokonzanso zokongoletsera ndi kukumba mbewu. Chachikulu ndikuti dothi liyenera kukhala loyera, kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito siphon - 1 nthawi pasabata.
- Popeza aquarium ndi yayikulu, iyenera kukhala ndi zida zakunja. Zosefera zakunja ziyenera kutsukidwa malinga ndi zomwe wopanga ayenera;
- Zomera zokhala ndi moyo zimathandiziranso kusintha kwa discus, koma sizofunikira (ndizovuta kukula kanthu m'madzi ofunda). Ngati kusankhaku kugwera pamera, ndi bwino kusankha zofewa kuti zitsimikizike kuti zitsalira pa nsomba.
- Malangizo omwewo posankha maziko: maziko akuda amatsindika bwino kukongola kwa nsomba kuposa kuwala. Komanso nsomba zilibe chidwi ndi zokongoletsera, mutha kupanga ma aquarium kalembedwe ndi zomwe mumakonda.
- Kuunikaku kumakhala kocheperako, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kwapadera kuti mtunduwo ukhale wonyezimira kwambiri. Chingwe chokha sichikufuna pakuwunikira.
Mwachidule, palibe chovuta. Makina otenthetsera amaikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera, fyuluta yosankhidwa bwino ndi compressor amachita ntchito yawo bwino. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimafunikira kwa mwiniyo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi kuyeserera kwa madzi.
Kodi zikuyenda bwanji?
Discus ndimtendere komanso ochezeka kwa nsomba zina. Sikuti amadyera mtima mwaukali ndipo samang'amba dothi. Kusungulumwa sikumalekeredwa bwino, kusankha kukhala m'magulu a 6 zidutswa.
Ma cichlids awa amadya mosasamala, amakhala m'madzi ofunda kwambiri kwa ena ndipo amatenga matenda. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto ena posankha oyandikana nawo. Ndikwabwino kuwasunga mumtundu wa aquarium wokhala ndi discus yokha. Koma ngati mungasankhe oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti abwino kwambiri ndi nsomba zamtendere zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, monga scalars, ramistrez apistograms, tetras zapakatikati komanso catfish ina.
Ndikotheka kukhala ndi zopindulitsa zosiyanasiyana, monga neon ndi zebrafish ndi discus, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti m'mbuyomu, metabolism imathandizira pa kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi ya moyo imachepetsedwa.
Chisamaliro chikuyenera kuyamwa kuti chithetsetse nsomba zam'madzi ku discus catfish, ngati sizimadyedwa mokwanira, zimatha kuyamba kumamatira mbali zambiri za nsomba zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, kuziwopseza ndikuvulaza kwambiri. Ngati mphaka wazolowera kugwirira discus, ndiye kuti ngati mnansi sichikhala choyenera kwa iwo, ndiye muyenera kuyisunthira ku nsomba zam'manja zambiri.
Discus Red Melon.
Kudyetsa
Chofunikira kwambiri cha mwiniwake ndikusunga ndi kuwonjezera utoto. Ngati mudyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya wamba, icho chimazirala ndi kutaya zonse zapamwamba. Pakadali pano, pali ma feed ambiri owuma omwe adapangidwa kuti azikongoletsa mitundu. Muli mitundu ya utoto, ndipo mnjira - kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini amoyo wa nsomba.
Popeza discusyo ndi nyama yolusa, alibe nazo ntchito zodya mazira. Ndizoseketsa kuwona momwe chisangalalo chadongosolo chimayamba kusambira mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha ma magazi kapena zidutswa za shrimp. Komabe, ndibwino kupatsa chidwi ndi chakudya chouma. Amakhala osalala komanso osadetsa madzi. Zakudya zozizira ndi zowonjezera zimatha kusiidwa mu mawonekedwe a zabwino komanso kusintha kwa zakudya.
Kodi chimbale chimadyanji?
Chithunzi: Discus mwachilengedwe
Chakudya chachikulu cha discus nyama zakuthengo chimakhala ndi:
- Zomera za maluwa, mbewu ndi masamba. Zipatso za mbewu. (amapanga pafupifupi 45% yazakudya zonse za nsomba)
- ma invertebrates okhala m'madzi (pafupifupi 6% ya zakudya),
- Mphutsi za Chironimidae,
- ma arthropod osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kangaude kakang'ono komwe kamakhala pamtondo ndi nkhuni.
Panyengo yachilimwe ikakhala kuti palibe mbewu ndi ma arthropods.
Zakudya zamtundu wamtunduwu zimawoneka motere:
- maziko a chakudyacho ndi detritus (zinthu zopanda kanthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsalira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mafupa osungunuka komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mbewu. komanso chinsinsi cha zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi mu mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena kukhazikika pansi pa chosungira),
- mwala wamitundu yonse,
- Zamoyo zopanda madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ndi mitengo
- crustaceans yaying'ono yosiyanasiyana, shrimp imatsalira, crustaceans yaying'ono.
Pakusunga nsomba mu ukapolo, nkovuta kubwereza nsomba zamtunduwu;
- artemia salina,
- tubificidae tubule annulus,
- chakudya chowuma
- ma cellwm (ma magazi) a mphutsi za udzudzu.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa chiwindi cha ng'ombe, shrimp, squid, masamba a sipinachi. Omwe am'madzi amapatsa masamba abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipanga mavitamini ovomerezeka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasungire discus mu aquarium. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nsomba zimakhalira kuthengo.
Kanema: Discus
Pakufufuza kwa Dr. Askelrod, panali buku lina lotchedwa "Tropical Fish Hobbyist," lomwe limatchula za symphysodon taxonomy. Mu buku ili, mtundu wa Symphysodon aequifasciata woyamba kudzipatula ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha. Mawu oti aequifasciata otengedwa kuchokera ku Chilatini amatanthauza kuti wamizeremizere, wolingana, amatanthauza mtundu wamadzi amodzi wamitundu iyi. M'mtunduwu, mikwingwirima yakuda yopezeka m'thupi lonse la nsomba, mu nsomba zam'malo a Hekkel, mikwingwirima yonse imafotokozedwanso chimodzimodzi.
Chifukwa chake, m'buku lino, Dr. Axelrod adatchulapo zotsatila zamtunduwu:
- Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840 amatanthauza discus Heckel yomwe idapezeka mu 1840,
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.
Mtunduwu ukuphatikiza:
- amber wobiriwira discus,
- chimbale cha buluu
- discus yofiirira.
Pambuyo pake, wasayansi yemweyo adafotokoza zakukwaniritsidwa kwa kafukufuku wake mdera lino, mu 1981, m'bukhu lomweli adasindikiza za mtundu wina mwatsatanetsatane wamalingaliro amtunduwu. The subspecies Symphysodon discus Heckel is S. S. discus Heckel, and S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri ndi S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, ndi S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.
Pambuyo pake mu 2006, asayansi aku Switzerland adasankha kusintha mtunduwu kukhala mitundu itatu:
- Symphysodon discus heckell amatanthauza discus heckel,
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin Mtunduwu umaphatikizanso milozo discus aequifasciata Pelegrin,
- S. tanzoo Lyons, mtunduwu umaphatikizira ndi mtundu wofiirira wamabala discus S. t. tanzoo lyons.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Discus nsomba
Symphysodon discus ili ndi thupi lozungulira, lopangidwa ndi disc. Thupi limakhazikika mwamphamvu mbali. Mutu wa nsomba ndi wocheperako. Amuna, gawo lakutsogolo la mutu limasiyanitsidwa kwambiri. Pamutu pali maso awiri opendekera pang'ono. Zipsepizo zakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi ma anal zimakhala zochepa, koma zazitali. Nsombayo ili ndi mchira wokongola, wowoneka ngati fan. Zipsepse zomwe zimakhala pamimba ya nsomba ndizitali. Nthawi zambiri zipsepazo zimakhala zowonekera, nthawi yayitali pamakhala mawanga owala. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu womwewo ndi mtundu wa thupi. Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu, mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima 9 yodziwika. Mtundu wa discus, mwina mitundu yowala ya buluu, golide, yobiriwira, nsomba chagolide.
Chosangalatsa: Discus imatha kusintha mtundu wawo, kutengera momwe alili. Mikwingwirima yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kuwoneka pa thupi la nsomba, kapena mosemphanitsa. Ngati nsombayo ndi yamanjenje, kapena mizere yokhazikika pa nsombayo ikusangalala, itha kutha, ndipo zotsalira pamalowo imakhala yowala.
Munthawi ya kubereka amuna, mutha kuwona pampu yopendekera yazipatso. Mu nsomba zazikazi zamtunduwu, ma mawonekedwe a conip owoneka ngati ovipositor pomwe amatuluka. Kuwala kwa mtundu wamtunduwu wa nsomba sikukutchulidwa. M'ndende, kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 20-25, ndipo anthu akuluakulu amtunduwu amapezekanso mwachilengedwe.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa discus m'chilengedwe kumachokera zaka 10 mpaka 16, komabe, ali mu ukapolo, nsomba zimakhala zochepa. Izi ndichifukwa cha kupsinjika mosalekeza, komanso malo abwino okhala. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zowonjezera zimachepetsa zaka za nsomba. Komabe akumva bwino mu chilengedwe chawo. Discus imakhala bata. Iwo akuchedwa. Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Khalani ndi moyo ndi kusambira magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kodi discus imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Discus ku Amazon
M'malo mwa nsomba zowoneka bwinozi ndi mitsinje yomwe imapezeka ku South America. Nthawi zambiri magulu a discus amatha kupezeka mu mtsinje wa Amazon. Komanso, mtunduwu umapezeka m'madzi a Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil ndi Peru.
Mtsinje wa Amazon uli ndi ma biotypes osiyanasiyana, omwe amasiyanasiyana kwambiri kutengera nthawi ya chaka. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yamvula, mitsinje imasefukira. Zomwe zimabweretsa kusefukira kwa madera akulu.
Madzi osefukira, mitsinje imadetsedwa chifukwa cha masamba, mitengo ndi madzi osefukira. Pofika masika, madziwo amagwa, ndikupanga mitsinje yambiri ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, osungirako enaake. Madzi amakhala akuda. M'malo akutali, mtsinje umakhala ngati madambo, kasupe madzi amayeretsedwa. M'madera otere, madziwo ndi ofewa ndipo ali ndi acidity yambiri. Madzi ali ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yotere, discus imakhala moyo.
Nthawi zambiri discus imasankha malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi gombe momwe angathere. Amakhala m'malo obzala ndi madzi osefukira. Pansi pali masamba angapo. Chotsa zobisala mu udzu wosefukira ndipo pakati pa mizu ya mbewu, mukuterera kwa nsomba zamtunduwu. M'mitsinje yayikulu, m'madzi oyera, nsomba sizikhalamo, zimangokhala nthawi zambiri mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono, otenthedwa ndi kuwala. Chifukwa cha kudzipatula uku, mitundu ina ya anthu yapangidwa yomwe titha kuona.
Ndipo chifukwa cha kudzipatula uku, zizolowezi zophunzira kusukulu zinayamba kuwonedwa. Mu gulu limodzi, mutha kuwona anthu angapo. M'mitsinje yokhala ndi discus yoyenda mwachangu, ndizosatheka kukumana. Amasankha malo abata komanso opanda anthu.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Nsomba zapa Discus zimakhala bata. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odekha. Mwachilengedwe amakhala m'matumba aokha. Gulu limodzi mwa anthu otere limatha kupitilira mazana angapo. Mikangano nthawi zambiri sikhala mumkati, pokhapokha ngati amuna atha kukangana chifukwa chachikazi. Nthawi zina pobereka, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amatha kukangana pakati pawo. Ngati pamenepa amayi akhazikitsa mazira, akhoza kudya.
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala m'malo ochepa ofunda ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi kuwala, madzi ofunda ndi malo ambiri pothawirako. Nsomba izi zimawopa phokoso lalikulu komanso kusuntha kwadzidzidzi. Kupsinjika kumakhudza nsomba moipa, amasintha mtundu wawo, akumva kuyipa. Pafupi ndi Symphysodon discus mwachilengedwe mutha kupeza nsomba monga ma cyclides amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mipeni ya nsomba, mphaka wamtchire, stingrays ndi piranhas.
Potengera kuyandikira kwa nsomba zina, discus siukali, kulimbana kwa gawo sikumabuka. Inde, ndipo nsomba zina zambiri sizimakhala m'gawo lomwe lakhala chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ofunda komanso ofewa. M'moyo wamba, nsomba zimakhala m'mgulu la ziweto. Makamaka oterowo nthawi zambiri samapangidwa bwino. Pakutulutsa, nsomba zimagawika pawiri kukhala yamphongo ndi yayikazi. Kuchekeka kwa nsomba kumapezeka m'malo obisika pakati pa mizu yamadzi komanso zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Akagwidwe, nsomba izi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'misasa yayikulu ikuluikulu. Discus yamitundu yonse ndiyotetezeka kwa oyandikana nawo, koma nsomba zina sizingagwirizana nawo chifukwa cha kusinthasintha. Sikoyenera kubzala discus limodzi ndi nsomba zamtopola ndi nsomba zina, apo ayi, nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kuwawopsa ndikuwononga ziphuphu zolaula.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Blue Discus
Nsomba zapa Discus zimapangidwa moyenera. Amakhala akuwerenga nsomba. Amamera m'magulu awiriwiri okhwima. Nsomba zamera kuchokera chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Zomera zimapezeka m'malo obisika pakati pa zigamba, mizu yomera. Pokonzekera kuwaza, nsomba zimakonzekera malo ochitira masewerawo. Amayeretsa miyala, snag kapena tsamba la mbewu.
Achotsedwe maukwati nthawi zambiri mumdima. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala masewera osokoneza bongo. Caviar, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira mazana awiri, imayikidwa pa subostat yoyeretsedwa. Akamaliza kuchita umuna, mwamunayo amasamalira masewerawo. Discus imakhala ndi chibadwa cha makolo. Caviar ndi mwachangu amateteza ana awo mosamala.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ngakhale discus imasamalira bwino ana ake, opanga amatha kudya pawokha pazovuta zina poyang'anira ma caviar a nsomba.
Mwachangu amayamba kuwaswa kuchokera mazira patatha masiku atatu. Mu nthawi mpaka mwachangu italimba, makolowo amakhala nawo ndikuwadyetsa. Discus mwachangu zimakhala ndi utoto wotuwa, wosasangalatsa. Colours imakhala yowala kwambiri pafupi mwezi wachitatu wamoyo mwachangu. Kuchulukitsa kwa nsomba mu malo am'madzi kumachitika mosiyanasiyana. Madzi a nsomba pakubzala akuyenera kukhala pa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 30.
Ndikofunikira kuti m'madzi opanda nsomba musakhale nsomba zina zambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zizipangika mu aquarium ina yopanda dothi, koma momwe mumakhala malo oti mazira. Algae, miyala, grotto zosiyanasiyana. Fryali yosungidwa mu aquarium kuyambira masiku 6 imadyetsedwa ndi fumbi lamoyo. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lamadzi limasinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo podyetsa makolo a mwachangu, amadzuka.
Adani achilengedwe a discus
Chithunzi: Yellow Diskus
Discus ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Mdani woyamba wa discus ndi eel yamagetsi. Amakonda kudya nsombazi. Adani achulukawo ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kudekha komanso kusachedwa, nsomba izi zimatha kuvutika ndi anthu ena. Amadya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nsomba zina zimatha kudya kuchokera ku discus, ngakhale m'malo omwe discus imakhala nsomba zina sizimakonda kukhazikika.
Nsomba monga locaria, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zamkati ndimakonda kudya phwando la milky yotulutsidwa ndi discus.Pakukamwa, amavulaza discus yomwe nsomba imafa. Komanso, sakonda oyandikana nawo okhala ndi zipsera ndi nsomba zina zamtopola, zomwe zimatha kuwapweteketsa ndikudula zipsepse.
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, zomwe sizikhala nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala discus, nsomba zokongolazi zimawopsezedwanso ndi matenda komanso malo opanda chilengedwe. Mwachilengedwe, ma discel discs samadwala, koma mikhalidwe yam'madzi, nsomba zokongola izi zimatha kudwala.
Matenda akuluakulu a capus discus ndi:
- hexamitosis. Amadziwika ndi kukana chakudya. Kutanthauzira kwa zinthu zachinsinsi. Kuti muthandizidwe pakukweza madzi am'madzi mu aquarium,
- matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya Flexibacter columnaris, mabakiteriya akakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya, pamakhala kuchepa kwa chilimbikitso, kupuma movutikira komanso kuwonetsa khungu. Matendawa amathandizidwa ndi yankho la Levomycetin.
Mdani wina wachilengedwe wa discus akusintha nyengo. Nsomba za Discus ndi thermophilic, sizingathe kupirira kulumpha kwamphamvu. Afunika madzi ofunda, oyera, okhala ndi kufewetsa kwambiri komanso acidity mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zimatha kupita kumalo abwino, mu aquarium yomwe ikukwera kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa kutentha, nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kugwedezeka, ndipo zimatha kungofa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Discus nsomba
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, nsomba izi zimakakamizidwa kuvutika. Ndipo chaka ndi chaka kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa. Popeza nsomba izi zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi asodzi am'madzi padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa zikuwachotsa kumalo awo achilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zambiri zimafa. Mpaka pano, mitundu ya Symphysodon discus yalembedwa mu Red Book. Komanso, kusintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa matupi am'madzi momwe nsomba zimakhalira, zimakhudza anthu ambiri amtunduwu. Mtunduwu walandila mkhalidwe wamtundu wowopsezedwa chifukwa chakuchuluka kwambiri. Kugwira nsomba zamtunduwu ndizoletsedwa ndi lamulo m'maiko ambiri.
Chosangalatsa: M'masabata ochepa oyambira, mwachangu amadya chinsinsi chomwe chobisidwa ndi khungu la makolo. Ululuwu umasungidwa pakhungu la onse opanga. Muphika utangotha kwa kholo limodzi, kholo lachiwiri limawonekera pafupi ndikudyetsa ana. Nthawi zina, zikavuta, ntchofu sizimapezeka mu nsomba za makolo, ndiye mbewu imafa. Sizingatheke kudyetsa mwachangu panthawiyi.
Discus, yomwe tsopano ikugulitsidwa, ndi nsomba zomwe zimabadwira ku ukapolo. M'mayiko ambiri, discus imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosungira, malo okhala pansi pamadzi ndi m'malo osungirako osiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano ku Brazil, malo otetezedwa a Tumukumake akupangidwanso m'mphepete mwa Amazon, pomwe padzakhale mitsinje yambiri, maiwe ndi maenje amadzi, omwe atha kukhala malo achilengedwe otetezedwa.
Chitetezo cha Discus
Chithunzi: Kutulutsa kuchokera ku Buku Lofiira
Monga tanena kale, discusyi yalembedwa mu Red Book la padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtunduwu uli ndi mwayi "wamtunduwu ukuopseza kutha, chifukwa chogwidwa pafupipafupi." Kutenga mtundu uliwonse kumaletsedwa ndi lamulo la Brazil, Belgium, South America.
Masiku ano, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Amazon, malo otetezedwa akhazikitsidwa - Tumukumake Nature Reserve. Mu paki iyi, matupi onse amadzi omwe amagwera paki amatetezedwa. Kulanda mu izi ndizoletsedwa, palibe mabizinesi ndi misewu pafupi ndi paki. Ndipo m'malo osungira amenewa mumangokhala discus. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Japan ndi mayiko ena, mtundu wa Symphysodon discus wakula pansi pa zinthu zokumba.
Nsomba zomwe zikugulitsidwa pakadali pano zimasungidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zankhondo. M'mazithunzithunzi am'madzi, mtunduwu umatha kubereka bwino komanso kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi, malinga ngati zofunikira zonse zimakwaniritsidwa. Nsomba zosungidwa muukapolo zakhala ndi mtundu wowala wa neon, ndizosavuta kuzolowera momwe zinthu zam'madzi zimakhalira kuposa achibale awo amtchire.
Kuti asunge nsomba zokongola izi, munthu ayenera kusamala ndi chilengedwe. Kuyimitsa usodzi wamisala, komanso kusayipitsa matupi amadzi kuti amange malo operekera chithandizo m'mabizinesi kuti mpweya usagwere m'madzi.
Discus mfumu yosasinthika ya ma aquariums, chifukwa cha neon chowala amakonda anthu kwambiri. Kuwona gulu la discus mu dziwe, kapena m'madzi am'madzi, timapuma, kuchokera kukongola komwe chilengedwe chimatipatsa. Koma munthu, mwatsoka, chifukwa cha phindu, pafupifupi adawononga zolengedwa zokongola izi. Tiyeni tisamale kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndi zomwe zimatipatsa, ndipo tisunga nsomba zokongola izi kuti ziwoneke ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Matenda
Ndi zingati discus zomwe zimakhala. Ngati nsombazi zimasungidwa bwino, nthawi yake imatha kufikira zaka 15! Kupsinjika, kudya kosayenera, kusagwirizana ndi magawo amadzifupikitsa moyo wa nsomba, komanso matenda.
Nsomba zimatha kutenga matenda amtundu uliwonse omwe amapezeka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo chofooka komanso malo ovuta kwambiri kumangidwa, omwe ndi osavuta kusiya. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumayambitsa mavuto m'matumbo, kutsekeka komanso kukomoka. Zilonda zam'mimba za zipsepse, bowa, majeremusi - mwini wa discus, makamaka achichepere, amatha kukumana ndi zonsezi. Mutha kuthana ndi matenda ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse kuchokera kumalo ogulitsa ziweto. Koma si nsomba zonse zomwe zimatha kupulumuka matenda aliwonse. Ndikwabwino kuchenjeza kuposa kuchitira: usadye chakudya chamoyo (chokha chokha), osapereka chakudya kuchokera kwazinthu zopanda umboni ndipo osabzala nsomba popanda kuika kwaokha.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Gulu la discus limakonda kukhazikika pakati pa nyanja yamadzi. Modzi wa discus akangodziwa zoopsa, gulu lonse limathamangira pakona. Pang'onopang'ono amatuluka kuchokera pamenepo ngozi zikafika, ndikubweranso pakati. Kuchepetsa sikumangoyendetsa kuthamanga, kusintha kwa malo (kusambira pansi kapena kuwerenga pansi si njira yokondera). Kuwona koteroko kumayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri am'madzi: mutha kuganizira zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri Aquarium kunyumba kapena muofesi amakhala kuti azikhala bata mukamayang'ana nsomba. Chifukwa chake, "wotsutsa" pankhaniyi ndiabwino.
Ponena za kuyenderana, m'lingaliro, discus ikhoza kukhalanso ndi nsomba zamtendere zonse. Nthawi zina zimakhazikika limodzi ndi ma scalars, kuchepetsera kuzungulira kwa discus ndi mitundu yamitundu itatu. Ngati nsombazo zikukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zakhala pamodzi kuyambira ubwana ndipo zili ndi kukula kofanana, bwanji osatero. Komabe, oyandikana nawo a discus anali ndipo amakhalabe discus. Mtengo wawo umakhala wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa omwe mungakhale nawo oyandikana nawo. Ndipo ngati chimbale sichingasinthe ma scalars omwewo, zingakhale zamanyazi osati nsomba zokongola zokha, komanso ndalama zomwe zawonongeka.
Somiki ndi njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso nyanja yamadzi. Dera lawo ndi m'munsi mwa malo am'madzi, ndipo anthu a discus nthawi zambiri samapitako. Izi nsomba sizisokoneza iliyonse.
Malo achilengedwe
Discus ndi nsomba yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Amazon. Nyama zamtchire zimagwidwa ku Brazil, Peru, ndi Colombia. Nsombayi imakonda madzi othamanga kapena ocheperako, momwe mulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri magulu a discus amadziunjikira m'nkhalangozi, kubisala kwa adani m'mizu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba. Kutentha kwamadzi koyenera kwa iwo ndi 26-31-31 ⁰⁰, ngakhale m'madzi osaya amatha kulowa 35 ⁰⁰. Ma cichlids amasankha matupi amadzi okhala ndi mchenga kapena wozungulira wokhala ndi masamba akale.
Chotuluka
Oyimilira a banja la cichlid ali ndi kusiyana kosasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komwe kumawonekera pokhapokha patangomera. Yaimuna imakhala ndi milomo yolimba komanso pamphumi.
Akamakula, discus imagawika pawiri. Amatumizidwa payokha kuti akachulukane. Akazi amayikira mazira pamtunda wa masamba kapena gawo loyambirira. Kuchokera kumawoneka 200y 200 mwachangu, omwe amadyetsedwa koyamba ndi khungu labwinobwino kuchokera kumbali za makolo awo. Pali nthawi zina pamene ntchofu iyi imasowa. Ndiye pakati pa nsomba zachikulire pamakhala kusamvana pa ufulu wowadyetsa, chifukwa choti mwachangu amadyedwa. Pofuna kuwateteza, amaika maukonde olola kuti asambe, ndipo nsomba zazikulu siziloledwa kuzidya.
Nsomba zokhala pansi zimakhala pansi. Amadyetsedwa ndi mazira a yolk ndi artemia. Mikhalidwe yayikulu pakusamalidwa kwa achichepere amadyetsa pafupipafupi kukula kwamtundu umodzi ndi kusintha kwa madzi munthawi yake.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kudyetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwaubwino kwa nsomba izi.