Dysenteric amoeba
Trophozoites okhala ndi maselo ofiira a magazi
Gulu la asayansi

Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903

Dysenteric amoeba (lat. Entamoeba histolytica) - mtundu wa parasitic protozoa wa mtundu wa amoebozoic. Amayambitsa matenda oopsa - amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery, amoebic colitis). Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1875 ndi wasayansi waku Russia F. A. Lesch.

Kukula kwa dysenteric amoeba ndi kocheperako kuposa amoeba wamba (Amoeba proteinus), yosunthika. Ma Pseudopods mu dysenteric amoeba ndiocheperako kuposa amoeba wamba. Ectoplasm imachotsedwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku endoplasm, pseudopodia ndi yochepa komanso yotakata.

Morphology ndi biology

M'matumbo amunthu, dysenteric amoeba imapezeka m'mitundu iwiri:

1. zamasamba

2. kulembera (cysts).

Selo yodzala ndi tiziromboti ndi yozungulira, pafupi ma 15-50 ma microni, protoplasm yake ndi yopindika, mawonekedwe ake akunja amakonzanso kuwalako, ndipo pokonzekera kwatsopano akuwoneka ngati m'malire owala. Timalankhulidwewo amapezeka palokha ndipo amawonekera bwino atayala amoeba.

Mu protoplasm ya amoeba, maselo ofiira am'magazi amapezeka nthawi zambiri, womwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira dysenteric amoeba kuchokera saprophytic m'mimba amoeba - Amoeba coli. Mitundu yokhala ndi dysenteric amoeba ndi mafoni chifukwa cha mapangidwe a pseudopodia, kubala kwake kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Kumapeto kwa nthawi yovuta ya kamwazi kamwazi kapena ndi nthenda yamatenda, amoeba cysts amawoneka m'matumbo. Awa ndi maselo ozunguliridwa, koma ochepa kwambiri - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 20 ma microns awiri.

Ma Cysts ali ndi chipolopolo chowuluka ndi ma cores awiri kapena anayi. Amapuma mitundu yokhazikika ya dysenteric amoeba, amatulutsidwa kumalo achilengedwe ndikuyambitsa matenda a anthu.

Komwe kuli amoeba komwe kumakhala ndi zomwe zimadya

Dysenteric amoeba ndi majeremusi. Amakhala m'matumbo a anthu. Dysenteric amoeba amadya maselo ofiira amwazi ndi maselo am'mimba a epithelial. Amayambitsa matenda oopsa - kamwazi kamwazi.

Kukhazikika kwa kamwazi amoeba

Mitundu yamasamba a dysenteric amoeba sakhazikika ndipo imafa msanga m'chilengedwe, pomwe ma cysts amalimbikira kwa nthawi yayitali mu ndowe, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi milungu ingapo m'madzi.

Ma disinitilanti amachita mosalimba pa ma cysts, ndipo kukomoka kwa madzi sikumawapha, omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi lysol ndi creolin, omwe amapha ma cysts mkati mwa mphindi 10-15. Kuyambira Kutenthetsa pa 65 ° Cysts kumwalira mu 5-10 mphindi.

Fabric mawonekedwe

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa amoeba mu minofu, mawonekedwe a minofu (lat. Forma magna) okhala ndi kukula kwa ma micron 20-60 amapangidwa. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a luminal, ilibe inclusions mu cytoplasm. Pakadali pano, amoeba amachulukana kukhoma la koloni, ndikupanga zilonda. Zilonda zamatumbo zimayendera limodzi ndi kumasulidwa kwa ntchofu, mafinya ndi magazi.

Mafomu a Amoeba

Monga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, dysenteric amoeba ili ndi mawonekedwe achangu ndi ogona (histological).

Malinga ndi International Classization of matenda a kukonzanso kwa khumi kwa ICD-10, amoebiasis yapatsidwa cholembera A06 ndi mitu yaying'ono A06.0-A06.9.

Mitundu yogwira (Zomera) amatchedwa trophozoites. Amachita njira zoyambira: kukula, zakudya, kubereka.

• Zomera zazikulu. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo amafikira ma microns 600. Selo imakhala yowonekera, m'moyo wamphamvu maukonde siziwoneka, koma imayamba kuwonekera pambuyo pa kufa kapena kufooka kwathunthu. Amoeba wamasamba amadya maselo ofiira ndipo ndi okhawo omwe amatha kuyendetsa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito pseudopodia.
• Matupi. Imapezeka pokhapokha gawo lowopsa mumisempha yokhala ndi zowonongeka kwambiri. Kuzungulira pamenepo, zilonda zam'mimba ndi malo amodzi a necrotic amapanga ndi kudzikundikira kwa ma purulent misa, ntchofu ndi magazi.
• Zowunikiridwa. Habitat - mkati mwa matumbo. Ikhoza kukhalapo ngati cholowa, ndiye kuti, popanda kuvulaza mwini wake. Mphamvu yake yamagalimoto imachedwa kwambiri komanso ndi ulesi. Imadziwika ndi asymptomatic Inde komanso matenda opatsirana.
• Precyst. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku lumen, yomwe imazunguliridwa ndi zipolopolo zolimba, ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati gawo losinthira pakupanga ma cysts. Amapanikizika mwanjira zazikulu mpaka 10-18 ma microns.

Kunja kwa chamoyo chomwe chatumizidwako, kufa kwa mitundu yogwira kumachitika mofulumira - pambuyo pa mphindi 10 mpaka 13.

Fomu yakale - cyst. Imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chowirira, chifukwa chomwe sichimatha kupanga ma pseudopods ndikulephera kwathunthu kusuntha. Ma cyst amakana kwambiri mawonetsedwe akunja ndipo amatha kupulumuka kunja kwa hostel miyezi ingapo. Ikamamwa, imatha kukhala milungu ingapo. Amalekerera mosavuta kuzizira ndi kuzizira kwa kutentha kwa -20 ° C. Zomwe zimasokoneza ma cysts ndi kupukuta ndi kutentha mpaka 60 ° C.

Chosangalatsa chilichonse chimakhala ndi ma 8 nuclei, chifukwa chake, chikalowa m'malo otukuka, maulendo 8 owonjezera amabadwanso m'mimba yolumikizira kuposa ma cysts omwe amalowa. Ichi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa matenda ndi amoebiasis.

Fomu yazomera yayikulu

Mitundu ya luminal ndi minofu ya amoeba yomwe imalowa m'matumbo lumen kuchokera ku zilonda zimakula kukula mpaka ma maikolofoni 30 kapena kupitilira apo ndipo imakhala ndi kuthekera kwa phagocytose maselo ofiira amwazi. Fomuyi imatchedwa autonomic, kapena erythrophage.

Nthawi zina amoeba kuchokera m'matumbo kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi imalowa mu ziwalo zina (makamaka chiwindi), ndikupanga sekondale yachiwiriyo - ma abscesses (extintestinal amoebiasis).

Pamene pachimake gawo la matendawa litachepa, mawonekedwe akulu azomera amachepera kukula, ndikudutsa mu mawonekedwe a luminal, omwe amalembedwa m'matumbo. Ataponyedwa munthawi yachilengedwe, imafa mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20.

Kuzungulira kwa chitukuko

Nthawi ya moyo wa dysenteric amoeba imakhala ndi magawo awa:

• Cyss imamezedwa ndi anthu ndikulowa m'matumbo. Chipolopolo cholimba chimawateteza ku zotsatira zoyipa za madzi a m'mimba, omwe ali ndi acidic chilengedwe, kotero amalowa m'matumbo mu cyst kapisozi.
• M'matumbo mumakhala bwino kutuluka kwa ma cysts, kumakhala kusungunuka kwa zimimba, ndipo ma lumba aang'ono akuwoneka. Amakhala m'magawo oyamba a kolonayo, osakhala ndi mphamvu yokhudza thupi.
• Nthawi zina, mitundu yamavuto yotetezeka imatha kusintha kukhala yamatumbo omwe amalowa m'matumbo epithelium. Mitundu ina ya luminal amoeba yokhala ndi chakudya chochuluka imasunthira kumadera akumunsi kwa kolonayo, pomwe zinthuzo sizabwino chifukwa zimakhalapo, chifukwa ndowe zimasowa madzi, pH ya zosintha zapakati, komanso kapangidwe kazidole kamene kamasiyana pakapangidwe ka zigawo zapamwamba. Izi zimathandiza kuyambitsa njira ya cysting.
• Ma cysts omwe amapangidwa amatuluka ndi ndowe kumalo okhala, komwe amakhala mpaka atalowanso m'thupi la munthu.

Munthu wodwala matendawa amatha kumanga ma cysts pafupifupi 300 miliyoni patsiku.

Njira zopatsira anthu matenda

Matenda angayambe pokhapokha ngati ma cysst okhwima amalowa m'matumbo. Ngati ma cysts omwe angopangidwa kumene amalowa mthupi, ndiye kuti dysenteric amoeba sidzatuluka mwa iwo, ndipo ma cysts adzafa.

Njira yolowera nthawi zonse imakhala yomweyo - kuyamwa kwa tizilomboti.

Pali njira zingapo zopezera dysenteric amoeba:

• Chakudya. Ntchito yayikulu pakuchita izi imaseweredwa ndi tizilombo, makamaka ntchentche ndi agogo, kusamutsa cysts kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi kupita china. Kugonjera kumatha kuchitika ngati munthu adya masamba osasamba kapena zipatso osaphika.
• Madzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madzi osaphika kapena owiritsa. Kulowetsa madzi oterowo kumathanso kusambira m'madzi otseguka.
• Lumikizanani ndi abale. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu, ziwiya, zoseweretsa komanso zinthu zina za munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo, polumikizana ndi wodwala yemwe atha kukoka dysenteric amoeba m'manja mwake atapita kuchimbudzi.

Amuna ndi akazi onse atenga gawo limodzi mwanjira imodzi ya amoebiasis. Matenda amatenga nthawi yayitali ndi zinthu izi:

• mimba,
• kuphwanya matumbo microflora,
• helminthic nkhondo,
• zochepa zomanga thupi
• kukhumudwa kwa chitetezo chokwanira,
• ukhondo wotsika.

Amebiasis amagwira ntchito kwambiri kumayiko otentha, koma anthu akumaloko amakhala ndi chitetezo china chake, chifukwa chake, njira ya asymptomatic imakonda kuchitika. Maphunzirowa pachimake ndi amodzi kwa alendo apaulendo komanso apaulendo. Matendawa amakula nthawi yotentha kwambiri pachaka.

Vutoli limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti m'mitundu yachilengedwe komanso asymptomatic, cysts amachotsedwa kwazaka zambiri. Ndizosatheka kutenga kachilomboka kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi koopsa, chifukwa mitundu yokhayo yopanda kachilombo yomwe ilipo mu ndowe zake.

Zizindikiro

Pambuyo kachilomboka, nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala milungu iwiri, pomwe palibe mawonetseredwe azachipatala. Mafomu a cystic panthawiyi amasuntha limodzi ndi magawo am'mimba mpaka atafika m'matumbo akulu. Amadutsa gawo lazomera, akulowerera epithelium, ndipo nthawi zina, m'matumbo osalala, omwe amapangitsa mawonetseredwe azachipatala.

Zizindikiro zimatengera mtundu wa amoebiasis. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu: matumbo ndi printestinal amoebiasis.

Kuwonetsera kwamatumbo amebiasis

Pambuyo pakutha kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera. Maphunzirowa atha kukhala owopsa komanso osachiritsika.

Nthawi yovuta

Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro masiku angapo:

• kutsegula m'mimba ndi zotupa za ntchofu ndi fungo losasangalatsa mpaka nthawi 6-8 patsiku,
• kuchuluka kosunthira kwa matumbo okwanira mpaka 20 patsiku komanso kusintha kwa ndowe kumadzimadzi amadzimadzi,
• Patadutsa masiku angapo, magazi amapezeka ndowe,
• kupweteka kwakanthawi kapena m'mimba, komwe kumakhala kolimba ndi mayendedwe amatumbo.
• kulakalaka kupita kuchimbudzi, komwe sikumabweretsa zotsatira,
• kutentha kukwera mpaka 38ºС,
• kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopanga ndi kumatulutsa.

Kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa matumbo epithelium mu ndowe, kupezeka kwa magazi kumawonjezereka, ndipo kulumikizidwa pafupipafupi kufotokozedwa ndikuphwanya maselo amtsempha a m'matumbo.

Ngati mankhwala ayambitsidwa, ndiye kuti matendawa amapitilira kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, pambuyo pake amayamba kutha. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osachiritsika.

Ana a Preschool ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chodziwika bwino amadziwika ndi kukula msanga kwa zizindikiro kuyambira tsiku loyamba la matendawa ndi kuledzera kwodziwikiratu, kuchepa thupi komanso kupweteka kwambiri. Matumbo owonjezera amakula, omwe angayambitse matenda a peritonitis. Ndi njira yofulumira chotere, mwayi waukulu wa kufa.

Maphunziro owopsa

Kutalika kwakutali kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamatumbo kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwam'mimba ntchito komanso kukhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri zamagetsi.

Panjira yayikulu, mawonekedwe oterewa ndi mawonekedwe:

• kukoma koyipa mkamwa
• kupezeka kwa chidutswa choyera pamilomo ya lilime,
• kugwa pamimba,
• kupweteka pakumva m'mimba,
• kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndi mapuloteni, omwe amayambitsa khungu, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a misomali ndi tsitsi,
• kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kuchepa thupi,
• tachycardia ndi chiwindi chachikulu.

Dysenteric amoeba

Pathogenesis ndi chipatala cha amoebic kamwazi mwa anthu.

Munthu amatenga kachilomboka kamwazi kamwazi kokha pakamwa - ndi chakudya kapena madzi okhala ndi cysts. Cysts chifukwa cha wandiweyani nembanemba samafa mu acidic zomwe zili m'mimba.

M'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, mothandizidwa ndi madzi a pancreatic, ma cell a membrane amasungunuka, ndipo maselo am'magazi a michere amapanga, omwe amayamba kugawanika. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 50-60.

Dysenteric amoeba imakhudza makamaka cecum ndikukwera m'matumbo. Apa iwo amalowerera mucosa ndikuyambitsa kuwononga kwake kuti apangidwe ndi zilonda za necrotic zokhala ndi m'mphepete.

Kuchokera m'matumbo a amoeba, magazi amathanso kulowa m'chiwindi, nthawi zina kulowa mu ubongo (metastases), komwe zimachitika. Dysentery Amoebic imakonda chikhalidwe. Susceptibility to amoebic kamwazi ndikochepa.

Kuzindikira kwa Microbiological

Zinthu zomwe phunziroli limaphunzitsidwa ndi ndowe za wodwalayo, zomwe zimawoneka ngati rasipiberi odzola komanso wophatikizira mosiyanasiyana woviikidwa m'magazi. Nkhani zake ziyenera kuyesedwa mwanjira yatsopano, yotentha, yabwino pakuwotha kwa maikulosikopu. Dysenteric amoeba imayenda mwachangu ndipo imakhala ndimaselo ofiira a magazi.

Epidemiology ndi njira zowongolera

Kamwazi ku Amoebic ndi kofala kwambiri kumayiko omwe amakhala ndi nyengo zotentha komanso zam'malo otentha. Milandu payekha yamatendawa imalembedwa kulikonse. Gwero la matenda akubwezeretsa odwala - cystocarriers.

Omaliza amatha kukhala pakati pa anthu omwe sanakhalepo ndi kamwazi. Kwenikweni, majeremusi amatha kudzera m'madzi, pomwe ma cysts amatha nthawi yayitali, komanso kudzera mu chakudya. Ntchentche zimachita gawo lalikulu pofalitsa kamwazi ka amoebic.

Mawonekedwe a extintestinal amoebiasis

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi njira za pathological mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati. Extraintestinal amoebiasis imatha kukhala chibayo, cutaneous, hepatic, chithokomiro. Mitundu yotere imachitika pamene dysenteric amoebas ilowa m'magazi ndikukhazikika ziwalo zina.

Ziphuphu

Zikatero, zamkati za purulent zimadziunjikira m'chifunda, ndipo mapapu amayamba. Kuwonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwa paroxysmal mu sternum, kufupika kwa mpweya. Imaphatikizidwa ndi chifuwa chonyowa chokhala ndi sputum yoyambira. Sputum imatha kukhala ndi magazi kapena purulent inclusions. Matenda okhazikika kapena osakhalitsa amatha kukhalapo.

Cerebral

Foci of lesion imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a ubongo, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kumanzere.

Imafotokozedwa ndimatenda amitsempha angapo komanso zizindikiro pafupi ndi encephalitis. Sipezeka kawirikawiri pamoyo, chifukwa zimayambitsa kukula kwazizindikiro ndi kufa.

Hepatic

Chiwindi ndi chida chodziwika kwambiri cha amoepiasis owonjezera. Dysenteric amoeba amalowa m'chiwindi ndi magazi kudzera m'mitsempha yama portal. Malo ofala kwambiri kwachitukuko ndi mtanda woyenera wa chiwindi.

Zilonda za chiwindi zimatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi yayitali kuchokera pachimake, nthawi zina patadutsa zaka zingapo.

Mu milandu yofatsa, mafuta kapena mapuloteni a dypatophy ya hepatitis amatha kuonedwa, omwe akuwonekera ndi kukhalapo kwa phosphatase m'magazi. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri, kumachitika chithuza cha chiwindi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala mu lobe lamanja ndikungoyamwa kwa ndulu kapena ndulu zake. Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi purulent abscess ndi mafinya a bulauni.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za hepatic amoebiasis:

• Kugwedezeka kwa chiwindi kumakhala kowawa nthawi zonse, kudzikulitsa kwa lilime,
• madandaulo a ululu pansi pa hypochondrium yoyenera,
• kupukutira ululu paphewa lakumanja, komwe kumawonjezeka,
• kutentha kukwera mpaka 39 ° С,
• jaundice,
• kutupa kwa miyendo
• thukuta la usiku.

Kunja, munthu amawoneka wotopa, nkhope yake imakhala yakuthwa, khungu limawonetsedwa pansi pamaso.

Pambuyo pakuphulika kwa chikondacho, peritonitis imayamba, yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imabweretsa imfa.

Cutaneous

Zilonda zingapo zimapangika pakhungu, lomwe silopweteka. Ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana ndipo amadziwika ndi fungo labwino.Zilonda zoterezi zimatha kupezeka mu perineum, pazomwe zilipo fistulas kapena postoperative sutures.

Zizindikiro

Pozindikira, wodwalayo amachitika, pomwe zotsatirazi zimapezeka:

• chikhalidwe cha mpando wawo komanso kuchuluka kwa maulendo akuchimbudzi,
• chizindikiritso nthawi
• kupezeka kwa zowawa
• Zizindikiro za kutentha
• kaya panali maulendo opita kumayiko otentha.

Mayeso oterewa amafotokozedwa:

• kuyeserera kwamtundu wa ndowe kuti tipeze tizilomboti,
• endoscopy pakukula kwamatumbo epithelium,
• kuyesedwa kwa serological kwa kupezeka kwa ma antibodies a dysenteric amoeba.

Muzovuta kuti muzindikire, kuphatikizira kwa zam'mimba, kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi, mayeso azachipatala, radiology ndi colonoscopy zitha kukhazikitsidwa.

Chithandizo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasankhidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe a pathogen:

• Kwa mawonekedwe ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhululuka. Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa enema. Mankhwalawa ndi monga Hiniofon ndi Diyodokhin.
• Kwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri, mankhwalawa ndi oyenera omwe samalimbana ndi lumen okha, komanso mawonekedwe a minofu - Ambilgar, Khinamin.
• Gulu lachitatu ndi mankhwala apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi pakulimbana konse komanso kwamphamvu. Izi zikuphatikiza Trichopolum ndi Furamid.

Ngati ndi kotheka, maantibayotiki, pre-ndi probiotic, ma enzyme angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zithandizo zonsezi zimathandizira kukonza ntchito m'mimba. Kukonzekera kwa multivitamin nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti abwezeretse kuchepa kwa michere yofunika.

Pa mankhwala, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake, zokhala ndi mapuloteni komanso kupatula zakudya zolemera. Zakudya zili pansi kuti muchepetse katundu pamimba, magawo azikhala ochepa, koma chakudya chizikhala chambiri.

Ndi amoebic chiwindi abscess, opaleshoni ndikofunikira.

Atamaliza kulandira chithandizo, wodwalayo amayenera kupimidwa kamodzi pa miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka chaka. Kuyeza kumeneku kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa atha komanso kuchira kwathunthu kwa wodwala.

Kanemayo akuwonetsa matendawa ndi dysenteric amoeba, magwiridwe moyo wa tiziromboti, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha amoebiasis.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Dysenteric amoeba imafalikira m'thupi la munthu, komanso munthawi zina (makoswe, amphaka, agalu, nyani). Nthawi ya moyo wa dysenteric amoeba ndi yovuta. Zosavuta izi zimapezeka m'mitundu itatu: minofu, luminal, ndi cysts.

Munthu atha kutenga kachilombo ka dysenteric amoeba kudzera mwa njira yolankhulira pakamwa. Matenda amapezeka pamene amoeba cysts alowa gawo likukwera la colon (akhungu, akukwera m'matumbo). M'magawo awa a matumbo, ma protozoal cysts amasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe owunikira, ndiye kuti, amoeba amachulukitsa zomwe zili m'matumbo, kumayambiriro kwa kuwukira popanda kuwononga minofu komanso popanda kuyambitsa matumbo. Munthu pamilandu iyi amakhala ndi dysenteric amoeba. Kukula kwa lumen ndi pafupifupi ma microns 20, kayendedwe kakuchitika ndikupanga ma pseudopods. Mchiberekero cha mawonekedwe ofunikira a dysenteric amoeba pali malo ozungulira, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala chromatin mu mawonekedwe a zotupa zazing'ono. Pakati penipeni pa nyukiliya pali karyosome. Mu endoplasm, pakhoza kukhala inclusions, kuphatikizapo phagocytosed bacteria.

Pakaphatikizidwa ndowe mu colon, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe owunikira kukhala ma cysts ozungulidwa ndi zimagwira zolimba kumachitika. Kukula kwakukulu mpaka maikolofoni 12. Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi ma nuclei anayi, kapangidwe kake kamene kamakhala kofanana ndi nanunifomu amitundu yovomerezeka. Mu cyst, pali katemera wokhala ndi glycogen, ena amakhala ndi ma chromatoids. Ndi ndowe, ma cysts amalowa m'malo azachilengedwe, kuchokera pomwe amatha kulowanso m'matumbo amunthu ndikupatsa mawonekedwe owunikira.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wowunikira wa dysenteric amoeba mu khoma lamatumbo ndikubereka, mawonekedwe a minyewa amapangidwira pamenepo. Makulu ake amakhala 20 mpaka 25 maikolofoni. Kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwewa ndi lumen ndikuti palibe zomwe zimayang'ana mu cytoplasm yamtundu wamtundu wa amoeba.

Mu gawo lachiwopsezo cha matendawa, zilonda zam'mimba zimapangika mucous membrane wamatumbo akulu, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa magazi, mafinya ndi ntchofu pa matumbo a matumbo. M'malo oterewa, mitundu yowunikira imakhala yayikulupo ndipo maselo ofiira am'magazi amawonjezera. Mtundu wamtundu wa kuwala kwa amoeba amatchedwa erythrophage, kapena mawonekedwe akulu azomera. Gawo la ma erythrophages limaponyedwa kunja kwina ndikufa, enawo, pomwe pang'onopang'ono zotupa zimachepa, m'mimba mwake, amatenga mawonekedwe ofunikira, omwe kenako amasintha kukhala cysts.

Cysts m'chilengedwe okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, makamaka m'madzi ndi nthaka yonyowa, imatha kukhalabe yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka mwezi, nthawi zina zochulukirapo. Amayambitsa matenda mwa anthu athanzi.

Moyo Wazungulira wa Dysenteric Amoeba

Amoeba pakadutsa nyengo yake ya moyo amadutsa magawo awiri: gawo logwira (mawonekedwe a luminal, minofu), gawo lopumula (cyst). Ma parishi amatha kusuntha kuchoka pamtundu wina kupita kwina popanda kusintha malo okhala.

Cysts ndi mtundu wokhawo wa majeremusi omwe amatha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kunja kwa thupi la munthu. Kwa pafupifupi masiku 30, ma cyst amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha, ndipo ambiri opha majeremusi sangathe kuwononga. Cysts sangalekerera kokha:

Udindo wotsogola kufalitsa matendawa ndi matenda aanthu amapatsidwa ma cysts, amawagawa pambuyo pachimake amoebiasis, ndikhululukidwa kwina. Matenda angayambe ngati amoeba alowa mthupi limodzi ndi chakudya, madzi. Tizilombo timene timagwirizana ndi zotsatira za madzi am'mimba, chifukwa chake, timangosungunuka m'matumbo okha, omwe amakhala oyambira gawo lachiwombolo.

Mawonekedwe otumphukira a tiziromboti sagwira ntchito, amakhala kumtunda kwa matumbo akulu, amadya zamkati mwake osapweteketsa thupi. Komabe, ngakhale izi zili chonchi, gawo lopanda zovulaza liri ndi zowopsa komanso zowopsa mtsogolo. Translucent mawonekedwe a tiziromboti angathe kupezeka ndowe:

• munthu amene akuchita bwino
• wodwala wodwala.

Matenda a Dysenteric ndi osakhazikika kwachilengedwe, amafa kunja kwa gulu lothandizira.

Matenda ena am'matumbo, dysbiosis, pafupipafupi mavuto, kuledzera kwa thupi, kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira, mawonekedwe amtunduwu amalowa m'gawo la minyewa, yomwe imapweteketsa thanzi.

Gawo la minyewa ya moyo wa amoeba limatchulidwa choncho, chifukwa majeremusi amakhudza ziwalo zamkati, komanso matumbo. Pali dzina lina - mawonekedwe am'mera, popeza amoeba:

1. ndi mayendedwe oyenda,
2. amakula kwambiri kukula kwake.

Dysenteric amoeba imathandizira kusuntha muzu, womwe umachitika mwachangu ndi zinthu za majeremusi. Kutchedwa kwa kusintha kwa cytoplasm kumadziwikanso, chifukwa cha izi, tizilombo tosavuta tomwe timayenda. Amoeba amalumikizidwa ndimakoma am'matumbo, amapanga zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimawononga makhoma a matumbo.

Pakadali pano chitukuko, tiziromboti timadya magazi a yemwe wakupatsani, mukaunika amoeba pansi pa maikulosikopu, mutha kupeza maselo ofiira am'magazi.

Matendawa akamakula, zigawo za khoma lamatumbo zimafa, ndipo ma microscopic abscesses amafika. Pambuyo pake, zilonda zimapezeka m'magawo osiyanasiyana a m'matumbo, nthawi zambiri matumbo amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda:

Zinyalala zoyenda mozungulira mainchesi zimafikira masentimita angapo, koma nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonekeranso kumtunda. Zowoneka, zilonda zam'mimba zimawoneka ngati chofunda chomwe chili pansi komanso bowo laling'ono, chimakutidwa ndi mafinya pamwamba. Mitundu ya minyewa ya dysenteric amoeba imatha kupezeka pokhapokha mu gawo lazachipatala.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atapezeka mu ndowe, matenda am'kati mwa amoebic amatigwirizana. Ndi kuchepa kuopsa kwa matendawa, majeremusi amakhala opepuka.

Pambuyo polowera mu rectum, makamaka m'malo ovuta kukhalamo, mawonekedwe amtundu wa amoeba amasintha kukhala osagwira, ma cysts, pamodzi ndi ndowe, amaponyedwa kunja.

Ngati cysts ija ilowanso kulowa mthupi la munthu, imayambukiranso kachiwiri.

Njira yamatenda opatsirana, njira zopatsira

Monga matenda ena a parasitic, dysenteric amoeba ndimatenda amanja akuda. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungatengere ndi amoebiasis, makamaka njira ya alimentary, pomwe amoeba cyst ilowa m'thupi limodzi ndi chakudya ndi madzi osokoneza. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu wathanzi amatha kudwala atatha kucheza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena zinthu.

Chifukwa chake, matendawa amapezeka mwa njira yafecal-pakamwa pophwanya mfundo zoyambirira zaukhondo.

Odwala omwe samawonetsa zizindikiro za matendawa ndiowopsa makamaka kwa ena:

1. onyamula matenda
2. odwala osachiritsika amebiasis,
3. anthu omwe akuchira ku gawo lazowawa.

Pamodzi ndi ndowe, amatulutsa timiyala tambiri, galamu imodzi iliyonse ya ndowe imatha kukhala ndi miluza pafupifupi mamiliyoni. Munthu amatha kupatsirana kwa zaka zambiri.

Mbiri komanso odwala pachimake pakakulitsa kwa amebiasis amatha kuphatikiza mitundu yamatenda omwe amafa msanga kunja kwa thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake siziwopseza ena. Mwachitsanzo, minofu amoeba amwalira patatha mphindi 20 pambuyo poyenda matumbo.

Njira zopatsirana zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi gwero lenileni la matenda, kugonana kumatako, ndi kugwirana chanza. Komabe, mutha kudwala polumikizana kudzera pazinthu zingapo zapakatikati.

Kufalikira msanga kwa dysenteric amoeba kumathandizira:

• ntchentche, agogo, onyamula cysts, kuwadziwitsa ndi ndowe,
• kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kapena nsalu zokulirapo,
• kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, zinthu zopanda kutentha.

Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi amatha kuvulaza kwambiri thanzi, ndipo zovuta za matendawo zimayambitsa imfa.