Gululi limagawidwa ngati nsomba, zomwe zimagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri ndi subspecies. Malinga ndi gulu lake, ndi a banja la miyala yamiyala.
Pomaliza, asayansi amawerengera mitundu yoposa 90 ya nsomba yosangalatsayi. Kuchulukitsa kapangidwe kake ka subspecies ka gulu kumakhala m'madzi a Nyanja Zofiila ndi Zam'madzi za Mediterranean. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kuwonedwa munyanja za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian.
Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi a Indian Ocean pali gulu lalikulu kwambiri.
Kufotokozera
Kunja kumawoneka kokongola: mawanga amitundu, mikwingwirima, madontho amawaza maziko amdima.
- Mwachilengedwe chake komanso momwe zimakhalira zimakhudzana ndi zilombo. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi nsagwada yayikulu kwambiri. Nsagwada yapamwamba imasiyana ndi m'munsi ndipo ndi yayikulu.
- Kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa kapangidwe ka nsagwada kumapangitsa kuyamwa mwa nyama ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Imadyanso nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimagwira posaka.
- Kukula kwake, pafupifupi, kumakhala pafupifupi 270 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 400 mpaka 450 kilogalamu.
- Zimawoneka zosangalatsa kuti nsomba yayikulu siyabwino chakudya pomwe munthu waung'ono (pafupifupi, wolemera mpaka kilogalamu 50) amaonedwa kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri.
- Monga mitundu ina ya anthu okhala m'madzi, imakhala yochepa kwambiri.
- Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi michere yambiri komanso mavitamini.
- Pazomwe zili ndi mankhwala, amapangidwira ndi sodium yambiri, selenium, phosphorous ndi calcium. Zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu pa gramu 100 za mankhwala zimatsimikiziridwa pa 118 Kcal.
Habitat
Malo omwe amakhala kwambiri ndi Indian Ocean ndi Pacific Ocean. Kwenikweni, mtunduwu umakonda lamba wotentha.
Nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka pagombe la Africa, Japan, Australia. Nsombazi zimakhala makamaka m'madzi osaya, monga lamulo, kuya kumafikira pafupifupi 100 mita. Mwachilengedwe chake, modzichepera, popanda chifukwa china chilichonse, sizituluka malo ake obisala. Amakonda kubisala m'mavuto achisakasa, komanso m'matanthwe a coral.
Malinga ndi kuperewera kwa kadyedwe kake, nsombayi ndi ya nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama, zimasaka kwambiri nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu zam'madzi, ndi nkhanu. Pali nthawi zina pomwe amasaka asodzi ang'ono ndi mbola.
Amameza nyama yake nthawi yomweyo komanso nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mawonekedwe a nsagwada yapadera amamuthandiza kuchita izi. Zimadziwika kuti malo othawirako samangokhala malo okhalamo odalirika, komanso malo abwino kwa obisalira.
Momwe mungagwirire nsomba zambiri?
Ngakhale mawonekedwewo ndi osangalatsa: thupi lake ndi lalitali ndipo limapanikizika pang'ono mbali zonse ziwiri. Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu ndi wamtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka payekhapayekha. M'matimu, amapita kokha kukangokhala nthawi yowaza. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti iye ndi hermaphrodite. Pa chiyambi cha kutha msambo, chimakhala chachikazi, ndipo patapita zaka zochepa chimasanduka champhongo. Zotsatira zake, anthu onse akuluakulu ndi amuna. Stone bass ndi othandizira malo okhalamo nthawi zonse ndipo amawateteza mwachangu ku zisakanizo zakunja. Gululi limakhala lankhanza kwa anthu. Izi ndichifukwa choti alonda nyumba yake mwakhama. Mwamuna, ngati mgodi, samamukonda, koma kuti ateteze nyumba yake, amatha kumenya nkhondo yosayenerera ndi mdani wamkulu kwambiri kuposa iye. Nyama yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndikuti imakhala ndi mapuloteni ochulukirapo omwe amapangika mosavuta, imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, koma, ngakhale izi, zimadziwika ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka kalori. Zambiri pazinthu zotsatirazi: selenium, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi ena. Nyama ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi. Nyamayi ndi ya pafupifupi zakudya zamagulu onse, zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa, koma zochuluka mchere. Amakwaniritsa maselo ndi mpweya wokwanira, amatenga gawo mu mafuta kagayidwe. Imasinthasintha shuga wamagazi ndikuyenda bwino pakhungu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kudya kuti muchepetse chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Nyamayo ndi yoyera ndi utoto, wowoneka bwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti amadya kwambiri ma mollusks ndi crustaceans. Mwa mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya magulu, 19 amakhala mu Nyanja Yofiira, 7 m'madzi a Mediterranean. Izi ndi mitundu yaying'ono. Zazikulu kwambiri zimapezeka munyanja za Indian, Pacific ndi Atlantic. Nsomba zazing'onoting'ono nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa kugombe la Japan, Africa ndi Australia. Sikuti magulu onse omwe amapita kukadya. Nawa zitsanzo zamitundu ya m'madzimo:Zothandiza pazigulu
Makhalidwe abwino
Mitundu yamagulu
- 30 cm pamilala isanu ndi umodzi ya utoto, utoto wakuda ndi loyera komanso wokhala ndi chiwalo pakhungu ndi grammistin - poizoni
- nthenga zachikaso zowala bwino
- okwera komanso osangalatsa pambuyo pake otumiza
- gulu lofiira kapena matumbo a coral, pa thupi lofiira lomwe palibalalike malo owala angapo amdima
Ngakhale m'misika yam'madzi, imakhala ndi meteor yokhala ndi lyoprol ndi mfundo, ma gracil okhala ndi buluu, gulu lamautondo atatu. Onse akufuna dziko lapansi. Ayenera kukhala m'malo othawirako. Ndikofunikanso kudyetsa maguluwo bwino. Kupanda kutero, akuukira ena okhala m'madzimo.
Magulu amatha kuukirana. Pokhala osakwatira, anthu amayamba kugawa gawo. Chifukwa chake, aquarium imafunikira yopambana.
Mitundu yayikulu ya trophy ndiye chachikulu. Kukula kwamagulu fikani mpaka mamita atatu, ndi kulemera mpaka ma kilos mazana anayi. Munthu wa kilogalamu mazana atatu adagwidwa mu 1961 kugombe la Florida. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nsomba zinagwidwa zikupota. Mbiri siyimasulidwa.
Kukula kwa thupi la chinsomba chachikulu chimangokhala nthawi 1.5 zokha kuposa kutalika kwake. Pa nsagwada ya munthu wamkulu, mpaka mizere 16 yolumala. Nsagwada yapamwamba imapita pamphepete mwamaso. Achichepere amakhala ndi zokonda zam'mimba zomwe zimatha nthawi ya kutha.
Mtundu wa gulu lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiirira ndi mawanga a beige. Mitundu yake imakhala yakuda komanso yosiyana kwambiri ndi okalamba.
Moyo & Habitat
Magulu ambiri ali nsomba zam'nyanja. Nyama zimasankha madzi amchere am'malo otentha komanso otentha.
Mu Indian Ocean, usodzi umachoka ku Nyanja Yofiira kupita ku Algoa. Uku ndi doko pagombe la South Africa. Ku Pacific Ocean, magulu agwidwa amachokera ku Australia South Wales kupita kum'mwera kwa Japan. Pali nsomba pakati pa nyanja, mwachitsanzo, ku Hawaii.
Ngakhale kuti ngwazi ya nkhaniyo ili kuti, imachitikira pansi. Pamenepo, nsomba zimasaka abisalira, kubisala pakati pamiyala ndi algae, zombo zowotcha ndi m'mapanga. Ngati sizingatheke kulanda wovulalayo mwachangu liwiro, gululi limayamba kufunafuna kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuthiridwa kwa chakudya ndikotheka chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa chibwano cha kumtunda kwa ngwazi ya nkhaniyo komanso kukula kwa pakamwa pake.
Kuya kuya kwa ngwazi yankhaniyi ndi 15-150 metres. Oimira mitundu yayikulu amakhala kutali ndi gombe. Komabe, ngati pansi kuli matope, magulu amapanga mwayi, pokakamizidwa ndi mwayi woti amira pansi, kuti adzibise.
Milandu yomwe anthu amakumana nayo imangokhala yongochitika. Nthawi zambiri, magulu amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kusiyanasiyana komanso zingapo. Komabe, aukali, monga akunenera, samanunkhiza. Nsomba zikuwoneka kuti zimadziwana wina ndi mnzake, kulankhulana ndi anthu.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Gululi limasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtundu wina, gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi zowongolera, dongosolo lofananira, banja la miyala yamiyala, mtundu wa magulu.
Makhalidwe, mawonekedwe a moyo komanso magawo a kusintha kwa mwala sakhala sanaphunzirepo. Komabe, asayansi ndi ofufuza atsimikiza kuti oyimilira am'madzi apamadzi amakhala zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu zapitazo. Kuwonekera kwa bwalo la Panamanian zaka pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zapitazo kunathandizira kuti nsomba zigawike m'magulu awiri chifukwa cha magawano a anthu.
Gulu la chakudya
Sianthu ambiri omwe amafuna kuwona pafupi, kodi nsomba yamagulu ena imawoneka bwanji ndi pakamwa lotseguka. Imatseguka kwambiri kotero kuti anthu akuluakulu amatha kulowa mwachindunji m'magulu amunthu. Izi zitha kuchitika mu 2016 m'madzi aku Africa. Gruper adayendetsa diver. Anatha kumata m'matumbo a nsomba ndikutuluka kudzera mmazisangalalo.
Pokhala olusa, magulu ogulitsirawo amapeza nyama. Akalenje osaka pakamwa pawo, pamakhala kusiyana kwakukulu. Nyama imayamwa mu gulu. Nthawi zambiri amasaka yekha.
Ngati nsomba yathawa, nsombayo imatha kupempha thandizo kuti ikule. Akupita kumalo othawirako, gululi limagwedeza mutu wake katatu. Malinga ndi kanemayo, 58% ya ma eyelieel ovomera amavomereza pempholi, kutuluka mumsasa ngakhale masana, ngakhale atakhala otakataka usiku.
Pamodzi, zilombo zolusa zimasambira kuti zikaphe anthu ozunzidwayo. E imayang'ana pagululi, kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma eel asanafike. Amalowa mkokomo. Pakati pa milandu, wothandizira ameza nyama. Nthawi zina, zodwala zam'mimbazi zimangoyendetsa nsomba kuti zisabisike mkamwa mwa gulu.
Mgwirizano wama groupers ndi ma eel eels chifukwa cha izi:
- Gululi limatsata nyama mosavuta, koma chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri sikulowera pogona.
- Moray eel ndi waulesi pofunafuna nyama, koma thupi lake la njoka limalowa mu "nthata" zamatsenga.
Komabe magulu amasaka ndi pelicans. Nsomba zimadikirira gulu la mbalame kuti liloze kuyimilira mphete zawo. Kenako osaka amodzi amatenga anthu omwe adamenyedwawo. Mothandizana ndi ma eyel eels, mpikisano ndi masewera olimba akhoza kukhala, osakonzedwa.
Uku ndikusowa kwachilengedwe. Ma Moray eel amaperekanso theka la nsomba zomwe zimatsatiridwa, monganso magulu omwe sakugwirizana nawo kudya theka linalo mogwirizana.
Mukasaka ndi azungu, magulu sanyengerera kuwononga, kokha kwa iwo omwe atuluka mumpingowo mwamantha.
Malambe ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri pamagulu. Chakudya chachiwiri chomwe ndimakonda ndi nkhanu. Kuphatikiza apo, ogulitsawa amagwira nsomba zozungulira komanso nsomba zambiri, kuphatikiza shaki ndi mbola. Nthawi zina omwe amazunzidwa ndi akamba am'nyanja.
Kanema: Gruper
Pokonzekera kuzolowera moyo watsopano komanso momwe zinthu zinasinthira, gululi linaphunzira kusintha mawonekedwe ndi thupi kuti lizitha kudzipanga lokha komanso ngati lingawonekere kuti lingachitike posazindikira. Komanso pakasinthidwe, kapangidwe ndi mano ake kanasintha. Amapangidwa m'mizere ingapo ndipo amachepetsa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kukula koyambirira.
Asayansi akuwona kuti gululi ndi la omwe amayimira zomera zam'madzi ndi nyama zomwe sizinasinthebe kwambiri chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Mukugawa, nsombazo zidagawika m'magulu angapo, iliyonse idapeza mawonekedwe akunja, mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo.
Gulu m'm Greek
Zofunika:
- Mafuta a azitona - 1 tbsp. l
- Anyezi ndi nthenga - 1 pc.
- Gulu - 5 zidutswa
- Garlic - mitu yayikulu 3
- Phwetekere phala - 180 gr.
- Vinyo wouma - 125 gr.
- Msuzi wa nkhuku - 70 gr.
- Madzi a mandimu - 2 tbsp. l
- Mbewu za Caraway, sinamoni - ½ tsp iliyonse
- Tchizi - 125 gr.
- Walnuts - 1 chikho.
Kuphika:
- Mwachangu zidutswazo mpaka zofiirira zagolide.
- Mwachangu adyo ndi anyezi mu mafuta.
- Onjezani phala la phwetekere, msuzi, mandimu, ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe.
- Tsanulira misa kwa mphindi 10, kenako onjezerani nsomba zowuma.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Gulu la asodzi
Mosasamala za subspecies, kukula ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo, magulu onse amadziwika ndi zinthu zomwe zimawaphatikiza.
Zizindikiro za magulu:
- thupi lalikulu, lalikulu, lolemekezeka pang'ono kuchokera kumbali,
- Kutchingira gill ndi nthomba,
- chachikulu chamkamwa
- kupezeka kwa mafuta amtengo kumunsi,
- kukhalapo kwa ma spine atatu pa anal fin,
- mano ndi achidule komanso akuthwa kwambiri opezeka mizere ingapo.
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana iyi imatchedwa mwala chifukwa cha kufanana kwina ndi miyala ya pansi. Izi sizinafotokozeredwe ngakhale kukula kwa thupi, koma mtundu wake, womwe umafanana kwambiri ndi miyala, miyala ndi miyala yamiyala yamiyala. Pa thupi la nsomba pali malo ambiri, ozungulira, mikwingwirima, etc.
Nsombayi ilinso ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi oimira ena mwa nyama zam'madzi ndi nyama.
- maso ang'ono, ozungulira
- gawo lalikulu, lalitali, lomwe maso amawoneka laling'ono komanso laling'ono.
- pafupifupi anthu onse amtunduwu ndi hermaphrodites. Ali ndi ovary kuti apange mazira ndi ma testes, mothandizidwa ndi momwe maselo amapangidwira umuna.
- kukula kwake kwa thupi kumatha kufalikira kuyambira mainchesi 10 mpaka atatu.
Chosangalatsa: nsomba zimapatsidwa kuthekera kosintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a thupi kuti zithe.
Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumadalira kukula kwake ndipo kuyambira pa 10-20 mpaka 350-400 kilogalamu. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri, kuyambira wowala, wofiyira wofiyira mpaka wokongola, imvi kapena bulauni. Zimatengera dera lomwe wolusa amakhala. Mkamwa wamkamwa ndi waukulu kwambiri, pang'ono wokhazikika. Imakonzedwa ndi kukula kwa khungu komwe kumapereka mawonekedwe a milomo yolankhulidwa.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Lingaliro la hermaphrodism la magulu ndiwakanthawi. Mibadwo ingapo yodziberekera yokha ndiyomwe ili ponseponse. Komabe, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwatsopano kumafunikira. Kupanda kutero, kusinthika kumayamba, chiopsezo cha matenda, kusowa kwa anthu kumachuluka.
Chifukwa chake nthawi zina gulu pansi zakonzedwa. Nsombazo zimagwira ntchito yaimuna, kuphatikiza umwini wamkazi kapena mosinthanitsa.
Khalidwe la mbali ziwiri za nkhaniyi lingakhale vuto kwa asitikali am'madzi. Mukatenga madzi angapo, mumapeza ana angapo. Nsomba zina zimaberekera pamaso pa mnzake.
Gululi limabereka lokha. Chifukwa chake, ndizosavuta kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa aquarium yomwe ikufunika.
Magulu ambiri amakhala zaka 30. Zaka zapakati ndi zaka 15. Oimira mtundu wa ziphona zazikulu mpaka zaka 60-70. Kupanda kutero, nsomba sizikhala ndi nthawi yopeza zochuluka. Oimira mitundu yaying'ono yamiyala yamiyala, motsutsana ndi apo, samakhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka 10.
Kebabs
- Dulani nyama mzidutswa 2x2 cm.
- Perekerani poto yakuya, kuwaza ndi mandimu. Onjezani mchere, adyo, zokometsera.
- Lolani kuguba kwa theka la ora.
- Tengani skewing yamatabwa, zingwe zazingwe pa iwo, kusinthana ndi tomato wa zipatso.
- Ikani kebabs wophika papepala lophika, kutsanulira ndi marinade.
- Mwachangu mu uvuni, pafupifupi pafupifupi 6 - 10 mphindi. Valani magawo a ndimu ndipo mutumikire.
Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuphika zakudya zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kulolerana. Ndikofunika kwa aliyense kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale atakhala zaka zingati.
Kodi gululi limakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Giant Gulu
Mitundu yambiri yamagulu ambiri imakhala m'madzi am'nyanja. Onsewa ndi nsomba za thermophilic ndipo amasankha madzi amalo otentha kapena otentha. Ku Russia, ndi mitundu iwiri yokha ya mitundu yonse yomwe ikulongosola yomwe imapezeka.
Malo am'magulu:
Nsomba zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 50 metres. Chofunikira pakukhazikika kwa okhala m'magulu ndi kumasuka pansi, komwe kuli kofunikira kupereka malo okhala. Awa akhoza kukhala miyala yam'nyanja, miyala, matanthwe a miyala yam'madzi, sitima zonyongedwa, matako akuya, miyala, ndi zina. Nsomba za madera omwe ali ndi mchenga komanso osalala kwenikweni samalekerera.
Nsomba zamtunduwu sizimakonda kusamukira kumeneko. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pamoyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mkwiyo wambiri pakuteteza malo ake. Amatha kumenya nkhondo mosavuta komanso popanda kukayikira omwe kukula kwawo kwamphamvu komanso mphamvu zimatha kupitilira muyeso wawo. Ngozi imatha kumuopsezanso munthu ngati ayandikira kufupi ndi nyumba yomwe amadyera.Nyamayo imangoyigwira ndi khomo lotseguka mosabisa pachitetezo chake. Makamaka anthu akuluakulu amatha kumeza munthu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba zamagulu omwewo zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimadyedwa.
Kodi gulu limadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Atlantic Grouper
Stone perch amatanthauza nsomba zomwe zimadya. Sikuti amasankha zakudya ndipo amadya chilichonse chomwe angameze. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti nyama yolusa iyenera kukamwa mkamwa mwa adani. Gruper ndi mlenje weniweni. Amatha kudikirira nthawi yayitali kwa womzunza wake pobisala. Nyamayi ikayandikira kwambiri, mbalamezo zimangoyigwira pakamwa.
Ngati gululi litakhala lolimba komanso lachangu, ndipo mwalawo sungathe kuligwira, zimangoyambira kulondola. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozedwa pomwe woyimira wamkulu wa mtunduwu ameza shaki imodzi ndi theka, yomwe idagwera mbedza ya asodzi. Nyamayo inathamangitsa nsombayo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo itasweka, nthawi yomweyo inameza. Pathanthwe lotseguka kwambiri limawoneka bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi kukula kwakukulu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Osiyana sawalangizidwa kuti ayandikire pafupi nawo.
Gululi lili ndi luso limodzi - amatha kusaka mogwirizana ndi maelamu. Wotsala akaona kuti kulibe, samapempha thandizo kwa mnzake. Kuti achite izi, nyama yakudya yayikulu ikubwera kunyumba yogona eel ndikugwedeza mutu wake kangapo. Nthawi zambiri, moray eel amayankha, ndipo kusaka kolumikizana kumayamba. Murena akusambira m'khola momwe wozunzidwayo adabisala, ndikuthamangitsa kunja kwake. Nthawi zina, mnzake wa mwala amadzimangirira yekha kuti asadye.
Nthawi zambiri, gululi limasaka kusaka pawokha osagawana ndi aliyense. Miyala yamiyala imakhala ndi zokonda zawo.
Zomwe gulu lidya:
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Gulu la asodzi
Gulu ndi lachilengedwe. Pafupifupi moyo wonse womwe amakhala m'gawo lomwelo, ndipo salola kuti azikondana ndi ena kapena okhala nawo. Amawona omenyera osati mwa anthu, kapena mwa oimira mitundu ina ya moyo wam'madzi, komanso mwa abale awo. Ngozi yocheperako ikawoneka, nyama yomwe imadya imatuluka ndi khomo lotseguka. Komabe, amatha kuyambitsa kuvulala kwambiri. Zowukira zitha kupitiliza mobwerezabwereza. Omwe akuyang'anira gawo lawo kuti ateteze gawo lawo amatha kumenya nkhondo ndi omwe amakula kangapo kuposa kukula kwawo komanso mphamvu.
Magulu amakonda kuthera nthawi yawo yambiri kubisala. Mwakutero, zilombo zolusa nthawi zambiri zimasankha miyala yamiyala ndi sitima zapamadzi. Nsomba zimatha kusiya malo osankhika akafunika kuthamangitsa, kapena kuyitanitsa eel kuti atithandize. Kuphatikiza pa zonenepa, magulu ambiri amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi azungu. Mbalame zimakonda kudya phwando. Akumenya masukulu a nsomba, amawalanda nyama yawo. Nawonso nsomba, zimaponyedwa m'manja, kenako gulu linagwila anthu omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwa pake.
Ngakhale kuti nyama zomwe zimadyanso zilibe nsomba zokha zomwe zimakonda kutentha, ndipo zimakhala m'madzi amchere amchere, pali zina zomwe sizingachitike. Zimapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja atsopano. Magulu amakhala ndi liwiro lokwera kwambiri mpaka 25-30 km / h. Kutha kumeneku kumachulukitsa mwayi wa kusaka bwino.
Momwe matupi amadzi amachitikira
Magulu amakonda kukhala m'madzi amchere ndi otentha. Koma pali zosiyana. Mitundu ina imakhala m'madzi oyera: mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mwachitsanzo, Maculocella amakhala m'madziwe a Australia. Ndiwofanana ndi bass nyanja. Koma zimasiyana pakhungu lowala.
Mchere wamadzimalo osakhala malo okhalamo ake: gulu limakhala komwe lingabisike. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe apansi amapeza tanthauzo. Kupezeka kwa malo obisika mwachilengedwe ndikofunikira kwa mdani. Mwanjira iyi, silika ndi yoyenera: zimathandiza nsomba kuti idze.
Popeza kulibe malo obisalamo achilengedwe m'mitsinje kapena m'madzi oyandikana ndi mchenga, nsomba zamtunduwu sizipezeka m'malo osungirako. Kwa iwo, kupezeka kwa ma polyp, milu, mapanga, matanthwe ndikofunikira.
Kuzama kwa nkhokweyi kumathandizanso. Nyanja yakuzama ndiyofunikira - gululi limafotokoza za nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimakonda kuchoka pansi. Ndikofunikira kuti agone pansi pa 15-150 m. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lalikulu la Atlantic likuyang'ana mwakuya.
Osangokhala pansi zomwe zimapeza tanthauzo, komanso zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pamadzi. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala m'madziwe oyandikana ndi pomwe timakhala. Mbalame zimawedza gulu la nsomba zina, ndipo gulu limadyanso omwe amasamalira ena onse. Nyanja zam'banjazi, kulumikizana ndi ma eyelamu, omwe amagawana nawo nyama, amakhazikika.
Nyamayi imakhala kunyanja za Pacific, India, Atlantic. Kapena m'madzi oyera kumwera, kum'mawa kwa Russia, America, Australia ndi Asia.
Zosiyanasiyana
Predator ndi mitundu ingapo. Amasiyana m'malo okhalamo, mtundu, kukula.
Gulu lalikulu la Atlantic ndiye woimira wamkulu wamtundu wankhanza. Ndi ya bulauni pakhungu, pali mawanga amisempha pathupi. Kutalika ndi kutha kwawo kumawonetsa zaka. Nsomba zikamakula, ndiye kuti mtundu wake umakhala wakuda kwambiri. Zipsepse zamtunduwu ndizitali 20 cm ndipo zimakhala ndi chikaso.
Nyamayi imatchedwa Indo-Pacific. Simamakhala ku India kokha, komanso nyanja zina.
Gulu lofiira lili ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mawanga owala. Anthu awa ndi opepuka akadali aang'ono, ndipo amakhala ndi khungu chifukwa cha ukalamba. Zoyenda ndi kukula kwa 40-45 cm.
Anthu owazidwa ndi okulirapo masentimita 15 kuposa ofiira.Ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi zikwangwani zofiirira zomwe zimakhala ngati zisa za njuchi.
Gulu la mbatata limakhala kunyanja. Ili ndi dzina lake, popeza mtundu wake umafanana ndi mtundu wa muzu. Nsombazi ndi za mabanja omwe anthu ake amafikira 1.5m kutalika ndi 110 kg kulemera. Chifukwa cha kutalika kotere, nyama yomwe imadya siidyedwa. Oyimira awa ali ndi nyama yokhazikika, palibe maphikidwe omwe angapangitse kukoma.
Ziwawa zamakorona ndizomwe zimagulitsa kwambiri. Trophy ndi omwe amalemera 20 kg ndi kutalika kwa 1 m.
Makhalidwe azakhalidwe
Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, malonda ake ndiwotchuka pakati pa anthu okhala ku Europe ndi America. Anthu amakonda kudya anthu 30-50 kg. Choyimira sichimakhala ndi mafupa, chikatha kuphika chimakhala chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa.
Magulu mpaka makilogalamu 50 amawonedwa kuti ndi okoma. Ambiri ophika ambiri padziko lapansi amaona kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kuphika nsomba yayikulu kwambiri malinga ndi maphikidwe awo. Mtengo wa mbale kuchokera ku chinthu choterocho ndiwokwera. Ndipo akulu, oyimilira kwambiri sangagoneke.
Nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zolemera mpaka 1 kg zitha kuphikidwa pamoto wotseguka nthawi yomweyo zikagwidwa munyanja.
Chakudya chimaphikidwa ndi mpunga kapena pasitala, wokongoletsedwa ndi tchizi, zitsamba ndi mtedza. Amatha kuphika kebabs kuchokera ku nsomba. Popeza ndizokoma mtima, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba abwino popanda mbale ina.
Mbiri Yogulitsa ndi Geography
Nsomba zonse za banja la aserikali ndi zilombo zolusa mwa chilengedwe chawo. Gululi nthawi zambiri limabisalira tsogolo lamiyala yamiyala, pafupi ndi miyala kapena matanthwe a korali, ndiye kuti limasunthika bwino chifukwa cha mtundu wake wapadera. Nsombayo imakhala ndi nsagwada zazikulu, zotchulidwa, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizigwira mozama "kugwira" mwamphamvu. Gululi limadyetsa anthu osaya panyanja yakuya - nsomba zazikuluzikulu, shaki zazing'ono, akamba am'madzi ndi asitikali.
Zamoyo zazikuluzikulu zam'maguluwa zimapezeka mu Nyanja Yofiila; mitundu yake ndiyosachulukanso mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mitundu ina ya nyama zodya nyama zam'madzi zimakhala kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean ndi Indian coral madera. Gulu la anthu ena amapezeka pagombe la North America. Kuchokera pamenepo, malo ake amapitilira mpaka kukafika pachilumba cha Greenland ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa Scandinavia, ndipo kuchokera kumwera kumalire ndi alumali a Patagonian. Nthawi zambiri gulu la anthu limapezeka pagombe la South West Africa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, gululi linali lokonda kwambiri zilumba za Florida Keys kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazi, malonda adayamba kuwonekera pamankhwala akumayiko ena ambiri. Nsombazo zimakopeka ndi kukoma kwake kwapadera komanso kuthekera kwa nsomba chaka chonse, zomwe zinali chifukwa chaulimi wopanga waukuluwo.
Masiku ano, gululi lakhala chinthu chotchuka kwambiri ku Europe. Itha kupezeka paliponse m'masitolo apadera momwe nsomba zimaperekedwa ngati mitembo yathunthu kapena kudula matumba ndi masitepe.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Asayansi afotokoza mitundu 90 ya nsomba zamagulu, zomwe sizosiyana kukula kwake, komanso mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi malo okhala. Kutalika kwa nsombazi kumatha kuchoka pa 20 cm mpaka 250. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kukwanitsa kulemera kwamakilogalamu oposa 400. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri linapezeka m'madzi otentha a Indian Ocean - kutalika kwake kunali 458 kg ndipo kutalika kwa 277 cm.
M'malo mwa nsomba za serran, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi Red grouper. Mochulukirapo, imapezeka ku Gulf of Mexico, komwe imagwidwa chifukwa cha mafakitale komanso zawokha. Gulu lofiirali ndi la mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi momwe chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe chimadalira.
Mitundu yayikulu ya ma gourmets komanso okonda ma exoticism apamadzi amasangalala ndi magulu monga awa:
• loyera-loyera
• wofiirira,
• tsitsi
• nsangalabwi.
Nyama ya nsomba zamtunduwu imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kwapadera komanso kununkhira kwapadera.
Ntchito Yophika
Pazifukwa zofunikira, si mitundu yonse ya nyama yamagulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitembo ya nsomba yolemera mpaka 1 kg ndipo anthu ochulukirapo sakukopa ambuye awo olawa ndi kukoma kwawo. Nsomba zing'onozing'ono ndi zouma komanso zatsopano, ndipo mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndiyabwino ndipo imakometsa ena. Koma gulu logulitsa nyama lolemera 50 makilogalamu, m'malo mwake, limawoneka ngati chinthu chabwino kwambiri komanso chodula kwambiri. Imakonzedwa ndikugawidwa m'malesitilanti okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Nsomba zamagulu zimakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. Itha kuwonjezeredwa pamasupu, ongophika, othandizira, ophika mu uvuni ngakhale kuphika pamoto Phulusa. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mafupa ochepa, motero ndi yabwino kuiwopa.
Grouper amayenda bwino ndi soya ndi msuzi wavinyo, mpunga wowiritsa, nyemba, masamba osiyanasiyana, zokometsera ndi zitsamba zatsopano.
Akaphikidwe odziwa zambiri amakonda kukopa anthu akulu musanaphike. Amakhulupirira kuti khungu lakuthwa limasokoneza kununkhira kwa zakudya zomwe zakonzeka.
Tsopano ma pecks okha ochokera kwa ine!
Ndidagwira carp mothandizidwa ndi munthu yemwe amaluma. Tsopano, osabwereranso kwawo osapha nsomba! Yakwana nthawi yoti muwatsimikizire kuti mugwira. Wabwino kwambiri activator wa chaka! Kupangidwa ku Italy.
Tsopano ma pecks okha ochokera kwa ine!
Ndidagwira carp mothandizidwa ndi munthu yemwe amaluma. Tsopano, osabwereranso kwawo osapha nsomba! Yakwana nthawi yoti muwatsimikizire kuti mugwira. Wabwino kwambiri activator wa chaka! Kupangidwa ku Italy.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 2-3. Kubalana kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito caviar. Nsomba zimagona nthawi zambiri m'malo awo osankhidwa. Pakapita nthawi, amuthira manyowa, ndipo pambuyo pake ambiri amawonekera. Ndiwothandiza. Kukula kwawo ndi mtundu wawo ndizosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi nyumba zomwe amakhala.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nyama zam'madzi ndizamtundu wa hermaphrodites. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu aliyense wamkulu ali ndi ovary kuti apange mazira ndi tiziwuni tomwe timapangira umuna. Pamenepa, munthu m'modzi amatha kupanga mazira ndikuwhathamiritsa wokha. Anthu onse pambuyo pobadwa amatengedwa kuti ndi achikazi. Komabe, akafika pa kutha msambo, amakhala amuna.
Zikuwoneka kuti iyi ndi njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikudzipatsa zokha. Komabe, pakatha mibadwo ingapo, ma genome amasowa, motero nsomba zamtunduwu zimayenera kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina.
Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyembekezera nthumwi ya zolengedwa zam'madzi zam'madzi izi ndi zaka 30-30. Kuyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo kumadalira mtundu ndi malo okhala. Anthu akuluakulu amakhala m'malo achilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 70-80. Mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imatha kuberedwa kunyumba mu aquarium, sikhala zaka zopitilira 10.
Adani achilengedwe a magulu
Chithunzi: Giant Gulu
Ngakhale ili ndi mphamvu komanso mantha, miyala yamiyala sizili m'gulu la zilombo zapamwamba. Subspecies, omwe ndi akulu kwambiri kukula, alibe adani. Subspecies, omwe amadziwika ndi zazikulu zazing'ono, amakhala ndi adani ambiri m'malo azachilengedwe.
Adani achilengedwe:
Kwa adani akuluakulu aomwe akuyimira amoyo wam'madzi ndimunthu. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, chiwerengero cha nsomba chakhala chikucheperachepera pafupifupi zaka khumi. Izi ndichifukwa chofuna kuwasaka zochuluka. Obava sanawagwire chifukwa chongofuna kupeza chuma kapena kungopatsa thanzi, koma chifukwa chongosewera. Wogwidwa uja amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange chowawopsa, chomwe chimakhala chokongoletsera, kapena chofufumitsa.
Nsomba zimakonda kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha, kapena mawonekedwe ena amadzi am'nyanja. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwonongeka kochulukira kumavulaza kuchuluka kwa nthumwi zambiri za nyama zam'madzi ndi nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Gulu m'madzi
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, asayansi apeza kuti pazaka khumi zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa miyala yamwala kwatsika ndi 80%. Pali zifukwa zingapo.
Zifukwa zakuchera kwa nsomba:
- Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa madzi am'nyanja,
- kuvulaza kwa zomera ndi nyama, chifukwa choti chakudya chachepetsedwa.
- Kusintha kwakukulu kwanyengo ndi nyengo.
Zinthu zonsezi pamodzi zinali ndi phindu lalikulu pa kuchuluka kwa adani. Pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi zochita za anthu. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama ya achinyamata. Ili ndi nyama yofewa komanso yokoma kwambiri, yomwe ilibe kalori. Ubwino wina wa nyama yodya nyama ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.
Chifukwa china chachikulu chakuchepera kwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi kuchuluka kwa asodzi ndi asodzi omwe amasaka nyama yomwe angafune pofuna phindu kapena kusangalatsa. Oimira mtunduwu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu nthawi yakubzala, akakumana pamtsinje wa mitsinje. Munthawi imeneyi, amasonkhana m'malo ambiri, asodzi akudziwa izi.
Guarder Oyang'anira
Chithunzi: Red Book Grouper
Mpaka pano, mwala wa miyala walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. M'madera ambiri omwe nyama zimadyera, kusodza ndi kupha nsomba nthawi yovomerezeka ndizoletsedwa ndi lamulo. Kuphwanya lamuloli kulangidwa ndi chindapusa chachikulu kwambiri, kapena kumangidwa nthawi yina. Asayansi akuwona kuti anthu omwe anali pagululi adawonongeka kwambiri, ndipo zimatenga zaka zopitilira 12 kuti mphamvu zake zitheke.
Kumapeto kumapeto kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, anthu adayesetsa kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira zingapo zodzitetezera kuti zibwezeretse chiwerengero cha anthu ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu. Ku United States of America, nzika zam'madzizi zimaphatikizidwa ku Dongosolo Lapadziko Lonse Lapadera komanso Zofunika Kwambiri Zapamwamba, momwe adapatsidwa mtundu wa "mitundu yomwe ili pafupi kutha".
Asayansi ambiri akukhulupirira kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira zilombo zam'madzi kuti iziwonongedwe ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nazale momwe mitengo yamiyala imatha kukhala momasuka momwe zingathere. Nsomba zimakhala momasuka pazinthu zopangidwa zokha. Pazabwino kwambiri, njira yoberekera imakhala yopindulitsa, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachulukirachulukira.
Gulu amatanthauza moyo wam'madzi wosowa komanso wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Nyama yake imayamikiridwa kwambiri mdziko lazamalonda. Zojambula zaluso zenizeni zakonzedweratu. Nyama ya nsomba imakhala yochepa mu ma calories ndipo imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Ntchito yayikulu ya anthu ndikusunga zolengedwa ndikuchulukitsa anthu ake.