Pali mitundu yambiri ya kadzidzi mu nyama zathu zapadziko lapansi. Kadzidzi yooh imakhala ngwazi ya nkhaniyi, chifukwa ndizosatheka kudutsa kukongola koteroko.

Mbalamezi ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zapadera. Moyo wawo zaka zambiri asayansi akupitilizabe kukhala ndi chidwi. Koma mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi china chatsopano komanso chosazolowereka m'machitidwe awo kwa ofufuza. Kodi chinsinsi cha buluzi chimabisa chiyani?

Owl wared-Long Owl (Asio otus).

Momwe mungadziwire kuti patsogolo panu pali kadzidzi wazaka zazitali

Mbalamezi ndi zazing'ono kukula kukula poyerekeza ndi mamembala ena a banja ladzidzi. Thupi la kadzidzi wokhala ndi khola limakula kutalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 37 sentimita.

Mbalame ikafalikira mapiko ake kwathunthu, ndiye kuti mapiko awo ndi 85 - 98 cm. kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kulibe, makulidwe a amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyana. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbalame yodabwitsayi imatha kuonedwa ngati makutu ake oseketsa. Pazithunzi zoterezi, kadzidzi amadziwika kuti ndi dzina lodziwika bwino sayansi.

Makulidwe amtunduwu wa kadzidzi ali ndi utoto wonyezimira kumbuyo ndi ofiira pamimba. Nthawi yomweyo, pamimba amakongoletsedwanso ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Miyendoyo imakutidwa ndi nthenga zopepuka ndi tint yofiyira.

Kadzidzi wautali waulere - mbalame yamadzulo.

Matandala a mbalameyo ndi akulu kwambiri, ndi odekha. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe akewa, kadzidzi wautali wautali amatha kugwira nyama, ngakhale atakhala yaying'ono kwambiri.

Komwe zimakhala kadzidzi

Mbalameyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kuzilumba zonse za ku Europe. Ma biotope awo ndi nkhalango zowirira. Zambiri mwa kadzidzi zonse zimakonda nkhalango zowirira. Pakusala nyengo yozizira, kadzidzi wokhala ndi nsapato zazitali amauluka kupita kumayiko ofunda, mwachitsanzo: kumwera kwa China, North Africa, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Koma izi zimangogwira ntchito kwa anthu okhala kumpoto, nthawi yozizira kwambiri.

Mbidzi zazitali zazitali zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera sizimapita kukazizira nthawi yozizira komanso zimangokhala.

Makanda amtundu wa owl.

Simudzakumananso ndi kadzidzi m'madera akumpoto kwambiri - sangathe kukhala ozizira kwambiri.

Adakhala ndi kadzidzi ndipo amadya

Monga tanena kale, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, koma zimapezekanso mu lamba wowonda wamtchire, ndipo nthawi zina mbalamezi zimawuluka poyera.

Nguluwe zazitali, ngati anthu onse am'banja, ndi mbalame zausiku zodyedwa. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya makoswe, monga mbewa zam'munda. Kadzidzi ina imadyanso tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zina imagwira mbalame zazing'ono.

Chakudya chachikulu cha kadzidzi wokhala ndi zowawa zazitali ndi mbewa zam'munda.

Kuswana owuna owoneka achilengedwe

Nyengo ya kuswana kwa mbalamezi imayamba mu Meyi. Nthawi yomweyo, kadzidzi amayamba kumanga zisa zawo. Nthawi zambiri amasankha dzenje la mtengo waukulu kuti athe kupeza chisa. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kuchokera pansi mpaka kubowo kumakhala koyenera, kotero kuti nyama zomwe zimadya sizingakhale mazira. Koma maanja ena amangokhala chete kumanga chisa pamalo okha mpaka 1 - 2 mita kuchokera pansi.

Kubala kwa buluzi wazaka zazitali kutengera kuchuluka kwa mbewa zomwe zimakhala. Makuluwa akachuluka, ndiye kuti kadzidzi amadzabereka bwino. Nthawi zambiri nkhwangwa imakhala ndi mazira 5 mpaka 6.

Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimaswa m'mazira mwakhungu komanso ndi nthenda yochepa kwambiri. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali posamalira ana. Yaikazi ikugwira ntchito yotenthetsera ana, ndipo yamphongo idyetsa banja lonse. Pambuyo pa sabata, owol ang'ono ayamba kuwonetsa zochitika, amafunika chakudya. Chifukwa chake, kadzidzi amayamba ndi yaimuna kubweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye.

Mdani uyu ndi adani ochepa.

Kuyimira pawokha kumachitika m'badwo wachinyamata uli ndi miyezi iwiri.

Adani a kadzidzi ndi ana ake anapiye

Zisa za mbalamezi zimakonda kuwononga anyani ndi mahele. Koma kambwali wamkulu wared amatha kumangogwidwa ndi mbalame yayikulu yakudya.

Zazakudya ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa zimawononga mbewa. Ndizo kudabwitsa kwa chilengedwe: kwa ife, mbewa ndi tizirombo, ndipo kadzidzi, ndizakudya zomwe amakonda.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

ZONSE ZABWINO

Kadzidzi wautali wa kambuku amakonda kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makoswe - ma voles, ma shali ndi makoswe, komanso mbalame zazing'ono - zabwino ndi mpheta. Nthawi zina amakumana ndi nyama zazikulu, monga nthabwala ndi mimbulu.

Kambuku kabulu wamwamuna amabweretsa tizilombo tambiri ku anapiye ake, kaŵirikaŵiri kafadala, kuphatikizira kachikumbu. Kadzidzi wautali wail amabala m'minda ndi malo ena otseguka. Mbalameyi imawulukira mlengalenga, osayitseka maso ake mphindi imodzi. Usiku, kadzidzi wowona amamva ndikumva bwino kwambiri, motero amamva phokoso laling'ono ndikamenyedwa ndi mphezi.

LIFESTYLE

Kadzidzi wokhala ndi mbewa yayitali amapezeka m'madzi am'madzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, nthawi zina amakhala m'malo otakataka ndi a heather. Ow-eared Owl ndi mbalame yodziwika kwambiri ku Europe, Asia, North America ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Kuchuluka kwa kumpoto kwa zikhozi kumakhala nyengo yozizira kumadera akum'mwera, ndiye kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa za kadzidzi zosamukira.

Chifukwa cha nthenga zofewa komanso kapangidwe kapadera ka nthenga, kadzidzi wowuluka amawuluka mwakachetechete. Mafuta ake amapangidwa kuti amachepetsa kulira kwa mbalame. Chifukwa chake kadzidzi imawoneka modekha, ngati mthunzi. Kumayambiriro koyaka m'nkhalangomo mutha kumva kulira kwa kadzidzi wamwamuna, ndikubwereza mawuwo "oooh" mosakhalitsa masekondi angapo. Nyimbo zapa Owl zimaphatikizaponso kulira kwamphamvu kwa "wick" ndi mawu ena. Madzulo, anapiye a kadzidzi wautali amapanga mluzu wolira, womwe m'mawu awo amafanana ndi mphaka wa mphaka ndi mphaka wazitseko.

Kadzidzi wautali wautali wouluka masana ndichinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kadzidzi amagona tsiku lonse atakhala chilili, panthambi pafupi ndi mtengo.

Kufalitsa

Masika ndi nthawi yoyambira kukhwima kwa kadzidzi. Amuna amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchita chidwi ndi akazi kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February. Kovina komwe kumakhalako kwa kadzidzi ndi kandiza komwe nthawi zambiri amuna amayesera, akuwomba mapiko awo mokweza. Ziwoli zazitali sizimamanga zisa, zimakonda nyumba zomwe eni ake adazisiya - akhwangwala, maula kapena agologolo. Mbalame zimangosintha pang'ono "mkati" mwa chisa. Nthawi zina chisa chowuluka chimakhala poyera, m'nkhalangozi, chimayikira mazira pansi.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, omwe kukula kwake ndi yaying'ono kuposa nkhuku. Kubwatula kumayamba mkazi akaikira dzira lotsiriza, ndiye anapiye mu chisa cha buluziyo nawonso amakhala amisinkhu. Wamphongo satenga nawo gawo la kulowetsedwa, koma amabweretsa chakudya kwa mkazi, yemwe amakhala pamazira, kenako - kwa anapiye.

M'zaka zakumwa, akulu okha ndiwo amatsala, ndiye kuti anapiye olimba kwambiri. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala okutidwa ndi zoyera pansi. M'masiku otsatira, fluff amasintha imvi, kenako amakhala woderapo. Amayi amayang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, amachokera kuchisa cha mdani, yemwe adawoneka pafupi, ndikuwonetsa ovulazidwa.

MALANGIZO OWL

Masana, kadzidzi wowuluka amatha kuwoneka pokhapokha, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino satha kusiyanitsidwa ndi komwe kumakhala. Kadzidzi komwe kumakhala popanda mtengo kumawoneka ngati kachidutswa ka nthambi yowuma. Ngakhale munthu akafika, sikuuluka. Koma usiku mbalameyo imakonda kudya, yogwira ntchito komanso yamphamvu. Zochita za kadzidzi wautali wautali kusaka makoswe.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Kadzidzi wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali amatha kuzungulira khosi pofika 270 °.
• Mawonedwe owoneka ndi maso a kadzidzi aliyense ndi madigiri 160.
• M'nyengo yozizira yozizi zowuma zimakumana pamalo amodzi ndikugona, olumikizana.
• Kuwona buluzi wowombera masana, mbalame zazing'ono zimasonkhana pagululo ndikuthamangitsa nyama yomwe imadyetsa - panthawiyi ya tsiku lomwe kadzidzi amakhala wopanda chochita.
• Maso a kadzidzi amasiyana chifukwa sanasunthike: kadzidzi sangawadule.

ZINYENGA ZA NKHANI ZA OWL EAR. KULAMBIRA

"Makutu": mawonekedwe a mitundu, amapanga mulu wa nthenga pamutu pa mbalame. Ngakhale dzina lawo - "makutu", iwo siali gawo la kumva. Makutu a owl enieni ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono awiri omwe ali pambali ya mutu.

Mutu: yozungulira, yokhala ndi disc yachikaso yakutsogolo. Maso ali akulu, lalanje, mulomo wawung'ono wakuda uli pafupifupi wosawoneka.

Thupi: yaying'ono, yocheperako, yokhala ndi mapiko aatali olimba. Amuna ndi akazi kunjaku.

Mapaipi: nthenga zophimba za chowuluka ndi mtundu womwewo monga khungwa, motero mbalame pamtengowo siyowoneka konse. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo ndi kwamdima, kwamawonekedwe owala, m'mimba mwake ndiwowoneka bwino.

- Kukhazikika kwa kadzidzi

PAMENE AMAKHALA

Kadzidzi yayitali-owred imagawidwa munkhalango ya North America ndi Eurasia, kupatula madera akumpoto, m'malo ena amapezeka ku Africa komanso kumapiri a Central Asia.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Mitunduyi imakhala yofala kwambiri m'mbali zonse za magulu ake. Kadzidzi ya kadzidzi imakhala ndi mdani m'modzi - munthu.

Kadzidzi wautali wautali: momwe kadzidzi wathu amakulira. Kanema (00:02:43)

Kadzidzi wautali wautali - momwe kadzidzi wathu pang'ono amakulira. Mu kanema wam'mbuyomu, ndinawonetsa mwana wankhuku ya kadzidzi yemwe amagwa pachisa pamwamba pa mkungudza, kunyumba kwathu ku Greece. Panali kukayikira ngati adzapulumuka. Komabe, mayi wa owl adakhala pamwamba ndipo akuwoneka bwino momwe adakulira! M'malo mwa chisa, tinaphatikiza bokosi la nsapato pamanja ake, ndikulipiritsa)))

Eva owl

Tikudziwa zakadzidzikuti iye wazunguliridwa mutulakuthwa mulomo, chachikulu komanso chozunguliramaso (golide), lakuthwa komanso lalitalinsapato. Thupi izi kadzidzi atha kukhala a 31-36 cm, kulemera 1.5-2,5 kg. Mwachilengedwe, kadzidzi wautali wazitali amakhala zaka 10, koma kunyumba Kutalika kwa moyo wake ndi pafupifupi 40 zaka. Kusangalatsa kuti maso kadzidzi sakhala mafoni ndipo amayang'ana kutsogolo (pachifukwa ichi, akuyenera kutembenuza mutu wake), ndipo kumva kwake ndikwabwino kanayi kuposa kambuku! Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kadzidzi amanyamula mosavuta dzimbiri lirilonse ndikugwira chimbudzi ndi liwiro la mphezi. Izi ndizodabwitsa! Maso kadzidzi imatha kuwona mbali ya madigiri 160, yomwe imathandiza mosavuta kudziwa nyama. Kodi kadzidzi amaona bwanji usiku? Chowonadi ndi chakuti mandala a kadzidzi mulibe m'maso, koma mu chubu cha nyanga, ndipo amawona chilichonse chakuda ndi choyera. Wingspan owred owl ndi 86-98 masentimita.Mtundu kadzidziyu ndi waimvi, wokhala ndi mawere oyera ndi mawanga opaka thupi lonse ndi mutu. Pamtondo wakuthupi, mawanga amakhala amdima, kumtunda kwake kumakhala kopepuka. Kadzidzi wautali wautali idatchedwa dzina lothokoza kumitolo, yomwe imakhala ndi nthenga za tsitsi lake.

Momwe mungadyetsere kadzidzi

Mwachilengedwe, kadzidzi amadya makoswe osiyanasiyana, mbalame zazing'ono ndi nyama, tizilombo. Chakudya chachikulu: mbewa, makoswe, akalulu, timadontho, achule, abuluzi, zala, mbevu, njoka, malemu, ma hedgehogs. Ndisanayiwale kadzidzi nditha kuchita popanda madzi kwa miyezi ingapo, kuthetsa ludzu ndi magazi a nyama.Momwe mungadyetsere kadzidzi kunyumba, Ndi chakudya chotere? Pali zovuta ndi izi, popeza kugaya kadzidzi kumapangitsa kuti idye nyama yonse ya mbewa kapena mbalame. Ndipo kudyetsa nyama kumazimiririka. Zikhala bwanji? Muyenera kugula mbewa ndi kudyetsa kadzidzi. Inde Inde! Komanso, mutha kusenda mbalame ndi zonse zomwe zimadya mwachilengedwe.

Owl kunyumba

Masiku ano zonse za owl musadabwe aliyense. Koma kodi munthu angaisunge bwanji kuti mbalameyo izikhala momasuka pakhomo? Zachidziwikire, zakudya zake ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mosiyana ndi zakudya zakuthengo. Popeza ntchito ya mbalameyi imagwera madzulo, usiku ndi m'mawa, ndikofunikira kuti ali ndi chipinda chake. Zachiyani? Moti mukagone mwamtendere usiku, pamene akusaka ndikukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa amagona masana. Madzulo, nyamuka kadzidzi amasamalira ndi kutseka chitseko mwamphamvu kuti chakudya chisabalalike kuzungulira nyumbayo. Mumapita kukapumula, ndipo mbalame yanu imawuluka kukasaka. Chipinda kadzidziPayenera kukhala nthambi, mitengo. Mutha kutsuka komwe mumakhala kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo mwakufuna kwanu.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za kadzidzi

• kuthawa kadzidzi pafupifupi chete chifukwa cha nthenga.

Zovala zazitali komanso zosinthika zimangoleketsa kugwira nyama mosavuta, komanso kuigwira.

• Fuula kadzidzi zitha kumveka pakukwatirana, kapena kadzidzi zizilankhulana • Kusamala kwambiri kwa mbalamezi ku Egypt • M'masiku akale, kufuula kwa kadzidzi kunali kwachinsinsi ndipo kumayerekezera kumwalira mwachangu ndi chizindikiro choyipa, chifukwa chake adathamangitsidwa • Kadzidzi anali kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru ndi nzeru

VIDEO: YOLEMBEDWA OWL

Kadzidzi wautali wautali - Kadzidzi wamba komanso ambiri kumadera ambiri a Russia. Ndiwung'ono komanso wowonda pang'ono. Utoto wake umakhala wofiyira wokhala ndi mawanga amtundu wakuda pachifuwa ndi pamimba, paliponsepo - mndandanda wowonda wowombera. Makutu a nthenga zazitali atamatirira akuonekera bwino pamutu. Maso ake ndi achikaso chakuda kapena lalanje. Kutalika kwa thupi 36.2-37.8 masentimita, mapiko 89.4-97.2 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi 243-300 g. Amuna ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa achikazi.

Komwe kadzidzi amakhala ndi kusaka, kumadya

Munkhalango zathu, kadzidzi wautali wautali amatha kupezekanso nthawi yozizira, ngakhale mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu zimasamukira kumadera akum'mwera kwambiri nyengo yachisanu. Zimachitika kuti kumeneko, m'ma belu kapena m'malo ochepa a nkhalango zowerengeka, mpaka mbalame zingapo zimasonkhana.

Kadzidzi wokhala ndi mbewa yayitali ndi myophagus, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makoswe okhala ngati mbewa. Inde, ma bulu osiyanasiyana ndi mbewa zimapanga pafupifupi 90% ya nyama zake kulikonse. Amapezanso malembedwe, koma amawerengera osakwana 1%. Kafukufuku wochitika ndi asayansi ambiri awonetsa kuti kadzidziyu amatha kugwira zazikulu, ngakhale nyama zosatetezeka. Pakati pa omwe adawawonongeka panali agologolo, ma caress ndi ma eymines, makoswe amtundu. Komabe, pophunzira za kusaka kwazikazi izi m'ngalande yaying'ono, kunsi kwa malo omwe panali potayira, ndinatsimikiza kuti adangopeza ma bulu ndi mbewa, ndipo sindinawone kuzunza kwawo makoswe, ngakhale ma track a makoswe adadutsa malo osiyanasiyana. Zikuoneka kuti, makoswe sanali ovuta kuwononga kadzidzi.

Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwira gawo laling'ono pakudya kwa kadzidzi, ndipo kawirikawiri siziposa 5% ya zomwe zimadyedwa. Koma nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yoyenda movutikira mbalame nthawi zambiri. Mpheta zambiri nthawi zambiri zimavutika ndi kadzidzi, ngakhale zakhala zikuchitika nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amadana ndi nkhwawa, mahatchi amtchire, zibangiri, komanso timiyala tating'ono.

Woodpecker wamkulu wowoneka amatchulidwanso nyama. Mwa njira, pafupi mtengo wamtunduwu.

Mwanjira ina kumapeto kwa dzinja mu mtengo wamlombwa wokulirapo ndidawona nthenga zazing'ono zingapo za nkhuni atagona pansi pa mtengo wa Khrisimasi ndikudziika pamitengo yamitengo. Mfundo yoti panali nthenga zochepa, ndikuti mbalame idadyedwa pamtengowu, idawonetsa kuti nkhuni za mitengo sizidadyedwe ndi kabawi kapena zilombo zamiyendo inayi. Nthenga zimang'ambika, osaluma. Zolemba pamanja zidawonetsa kuti kadzidzi wina adagwira nkhuni. Koma izi sizovuta kunena. Munkhalango iyi, ndinakumana ndi kadzidzi, kadzidzi, ndi kadzidzi. Komabe, zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za kadzidzi wautali wautali pafupifupi 30 g ya nyama, kapena mbewa zitatu. Chifukwa chake sizikanatheka kuti azitha kudya nkhuni zambiri zopanda mawanga, osasiya chilichonse kupatula nthenga zochepa (za nkhuni zolemetsa zimalemera 80-90 g.) Izi sizingatheke kwa kadzidzi. Chifukwa chake, kwakukulukulu, Woodpecker adabwera kwa kadzidzi kuti adye nawo.

Mapazi a kadzidzi wautali wautali

Zilonda zam'madzi za kadzidzi, zokhazikika mu chipale chofewa (a), mbalame zikuponderezedwa pamalo amodzi (b) ndikusuntha mosasamala (c) Zilonda zamtundu wa kadzidzi zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pamalo osaka kapena kudya nyama, komanso pa chipale chowazidwa. Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe osindikizira pamodzi ndi zikhadabo kuli pafupifupi masentimita 7. Mwa njira, poyesera kuyeza mawonekedwe a owl, timakumana ndi zovuta zina. Kuyeza bwanji? Pachikhalidwe, chosindikizira chamakina anayi chimayezedwa kuchokera kumanzere kumanzere ndi kubala kapena kumapeto kwa chala chapakati (3), ndi chizindikiro chakumbuyo mu chipale chofeira kuchokera kumbuyo (chala 1). Koma kadzidzi, osati wachitatu (wapakatikati) amawongolera kutsogolo, koma chala chachiwiri, chomwe chimapanga mzere wowongoka ndi chala chakumbuyo. M'malingaliro anga, nthawi zambiri m'mabuku owonetsera amatalika motere - kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2 mpaka kumapeto kwa chala 1 (kumbuyo). Popewa kusamvana, nthawi zonse muyenera kuwonetsa momwe phokoso la kadzidzi linayesedwera.Ochepa amasokoneza kulondola kwa miyeso ndi zopondera. Mu kadzidzi, ndi wautali komanso wopindika kwambiri. Nthawi zina mbalame imatalika mpaka kumapeto kwa chala, kenako dzenje lomwe linasiyidwa ndi bulawu limakhala patali kwambiri kuchokera kumapeto kwa chala. Nthawi zina kadzidzi amatola zovala zake ndipo amakankha matalala kapena dothi pafupi ndi chala chokha. Nthawi zina, zolakwika pazifukwa zina sizimawoneka konse pakapepala. Mwazovuta, ndikofunikira kuyeza kutalika kwa zala zonse (kuyambira chidendene mpaka kumapeto kwa chala kuphatikiza ndi chala).

Eva owl

Mu chisanu, kadzidzi wa buluzi nthawi zambiri samayenda masitepe, koma akudumpha. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kumatha kukhala 20 cm mpaka 35. Ndikotheka kuti ndikalumpha nthawi yayitali imadzithandiza yokha ndi mapiko.

Komabe, sindinawone kuyang'ana kwamapiko m'chipale chofewa. Nditakhala mu chisanu, mbalameyi imayimitsa miyendo yake pafupi ndi inzake kuposa nthawi yomwe idumpha. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi kankhuni kamakhala ndi kutalika kotalika pafupifupi 7.5 cm.

Eward Owl Nesting

Podzala nesting, kadzidzi wautali wautali amayang'ana nyongolotsi zakale ndi akhwangwala, nthawi zina amaikira mazira mu zisa za akhungubwe, agwape, kafadala, agologolo (samakonda kubereka m'maenje). Nthawi zambiri, mazira anayi mpaka 6 amapezeka zisa za mbalamezi. Pakanema yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ndinawona, panali mazira 9. Mazira oyera owongoka a kadzidziwa ndi ochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kadzidzi, omwe amayesa 39.1 x 32.2 mm. Pomwe chachikazi chimagundana, champhongo chiri pafupi ndi chisa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndimapeza malo achimuna nthawi zonse pachimake kapena mulu wamitengo yamitengo, kuchokera pamtengo wokhala ndi chisa. Ngati kunalibe chitsamba choyenera pafupi, chinali pamtengo woyandikana. Chiwerengero chambiri chamayendedwe ndi nthito zimawonetsa kuti champhongo chimagwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera.

Pokhala ndi kusiyana kwakutali kwa nthanozo, zikuwoneka bwino kuti onse amawoneka kuti agawika m'magulu awiri: chimodzi pafupifupi 5.4 × 1.8, enawo 3 × 2 cm. Dontho la owl wa owl ndi pafupifupi 3 × 3 cm.

Kadzidzi wazaka zazitali atasaka

Komwe kadzidzi amasaka, nthawi yozizira mumatha kupeza mayendedwe ake. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, kudula mitengo, m'mbali mwa madambo, pafupi ndi zitsamba kapena maudzu. Pa chitsa chokwanira kapena nthambi yotsika yopingasa 1.5-2 m pamwamba pa nthaka, zosindikiza za kadzidzi zimawoneka. Kadzidzi idali kudikirira kuti nyamayo ibwere pamtundawu, ndipo idabweranso ndi vole yomwe idagwidwa. Titha kuwona kuti adakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo amodzi - chipale chofewa chonse chimaponderezedwa ndi manja ake, pansi pa tsachepo pali matumba oyera owoneka oyera otayira. Ndi kukula kwa banga, mutha kudziwa kukula kwa kadzidzi, ngati pazifukwa zina mbalamezi sizikuwoneka. Atapeza mbeza kapena mbewa yomwe idalumphira m'chipale chofewa, kadzidzi amangothamangira nayo, ndipo ikachita bwino, amadya nyama, amakhala pomwepo pamalo ena kapena amawayambitsa. Mwa njira, imakonda kunyamula kakang'ono kakang'ono osati m'matumbo, monga mbalame zambiri zamasana zimachita, koma mkamwa mwake.

Pamalo omwe amadya nyama, chipale chofewa chimakhala ndi magazi a wozunzidwayo. Nthawi zambiri, matumbo ndi nyama za nyama zimakhalabe. Izi zikutsutsana ndi lingaliro lomwe zimapezeka kuti zakumwa zambiri zimameza yonse.

Nthawi zina apa mungapeze mwambi wa kadzidzi, wotayidwa musanadye nyama. Zikhozikulu zing'onozing'ono (zazitali-zared, marsh, owotho, ndi zina) zimang'amba ndalamayo ndikuyimeza pazidutswa zazikulu.

Nthawi zina, pakakhala makoswe ambiri, ndipo kadzidzi amakhala bwino, amangodya mutu kapena kutsogolo kwa mtembo, ndikuponya ena onse. Zikho zazikulu zazikulu, monga kadzidzi wa Ural, zimeza kwathunthu ma voles akulu.

Kuphatikiza pa kuthamangitsa nyama za ku ndende, nthawi zambiri kadzidzi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofufuzira, akuwuluka m'malo otsika kumapiri. Nyama ikapezeka, mbalameyi imagwa pansi ndi matambalala otambasuka ndikuwongola mawoko. Kuchokera pamayendedwe omwe adasiyidwa mu chisanu ndizodziwikiratu kuti nyama zomwe zimadya sitimangoponyera pamtunda wokhawokha, komanso ndizomwe zimasunthira chisanu mwakuya kwambiri. Pamalo ano pali dzenje lozungulira, lopanikizidwa kupyola miyendo ndi thupi la mbalameyo. Zina zamapiko zimawoneka m'mbali mwa dzenje, ndipo nthawi zina ma nthenga aatali omwe amakhudza matalala amawonekera kumbuyo. Ngati nguluwe idachita bwino, ndipo izi zimachitika kagawo kakang'ono kamodzi, nthawi zina magazi amatsalira pansi pa dzenjelo. Ma track omwewo amawoneka kuchokera kutali ndi 3-4 m.

Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Zikuwoneka ngati kukula kwa khwangwala, koma ocheperako (kutalika kwa thupi 35-37 masentimita, mapiko a 84-95 cm, kulemera kwa 160- 3030 g). Masana, nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuzizindikira ndi mzere wokhala munkhalango zowirira kapena nduwira za mitengo, ndiye kuti "makutu" pamutu ndi maso a lalanje nthawi zambiri amadziwika. Imayendetsedwa usiku komanso usiku, kenako nkutha kuiwona ikubwera, kumva mawu komanso mapiko. Mapikowo ndiwotalikirapo koma osatalika. Kuuluka kwawo ndi kopepuka, kosavuta kuyenda, kofewa komanso kachete. Kufotokozera. Kupaka utoto kwa mbalame zachikulire ndi utoto wonyezimira komanso wamtambo wakuda. Mosiyana ndi kadzidzi wopezeka m'mimba, pafupifupi pamimba ponsepo pali mitsinje yowongoka, yokhala ndi mitsitsi yaying'ono yomwe ili ndi "nthambi" zosinthika. Chotchulidwa chakumapeto disc. Nthenga "zokhala ndi nthenga" zolimba zimawoneka nthawi zonse mbalame ikakhala pamutu pake; kuthawa, zimakanikizidwa ndipo sizikuwoneka. Maso ndi amalalanje (kadzidzi amakhala ndi maso achikasu), mdomo ndi wakuda. Pansi pa mapiko ake pothawa ndikuwala ndi mawanga amdima kumapiko. Kusiyana kothawa kuchokera kwa kadzidzi komweko kumatanthauziridwa m'nkhaniyi ya kadzidzi. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ndi ofanana mtundu, chachimuna ndi chocheperako kuposa chachikazi. Anapiye ovala zovala zoyera amakhala oyera, patatha sabata limodzi amayamba kubadwa ndi mesoptiles. Kuyambira masiku a 5-7, "chigoba" chamdima chimayamba kuwoneka mozungulira maso. Mizere yamkhutu imayamba kuwoneka kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 14. Ku mesoptile, anapiye ndi imvi ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika opendekera, makutu ang'ono ndi chigoba chakuda. Pazaka 20-25, anapiye amayamba kuchoka pachisa, nthenga zawo zimayamba kukula kwambiri, ndipo amafikira kukula kwa mbalame zachikulire. Pakupita mwezi umodzi, achinyamata amayamba kuuluka. Zovala zaubwana zomwe zimawonekerabe momveka bwino mu mbalame zazing'ono mpaka miyezi itatu; mu zovala zoyambirira, zimakhala zofanana ndi akulu.

Voterani. Munthawi yamakono, wamwamuna amalira anthu ogontha akhungu "uh ... uh ... uh"Ndi nthawi yotalika masekondi atatu ndi atatu, mbalamezi zimatulutsa mawu osamveka"wack wack wack"Kapena" kung'ung'udza. " Ndege zamakono zimapangidwanso nthawi zambiri, ndikumveka kwa mapiko akuuluka. Mu Juni ndi Julayi, madzulo ndi usiku, kukuwa kwa mawu akulira kuli kutali - kunenepa "piii ... piii»Ndili ndi masekondi angapo.

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. North Eurasia, North America. Mu gawo la ku Europe la Russia, zimapezeka kulikonse kumwera kwa kufanana kwa 63-65. Kulikonse kuli kofala, koma kuchuluka ndi fecundity zimasiyana kwambiri chaka ndi chaka kutengera kuchuluka kwa makoswe okhala ngati mbewa. Moyo. Amakhala m'malo omwe malo otseguka (mayiminda, minda, malo opanda, minda yamasamba) amadzazidwa ndi mapulo, mapiri, minda. Malo okhalamo zogona kwambiri ndi malamba atchire m'mphepete mwa misewu ndi m'mbali mwa msewu, kunja kwa malo okhala, minda, nyumba zanyengo, manda. Nthawi zambiri zimaswana zisa za ma corvids, zimakonda kwambiri zisa za maula, komanso zimatha kukhala chisa m'maenje, nyumba, ngakhale pansi. Zokha sizimamanga zisa, palibe zingwe. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri 3-8 (mpaka 10) mazira oyera. Yaikazi imalowetsa nkhosayo kuchokera ku dzira loyamba, chifukwa anapiye omwe ali mu chisa amakhala osiyana zaka. Ana amadyetsedwa ndi makolo onse. Vole ndi mbewa ndizomwe zimapatsa thanzi; nthawi zambiri, nyama zina zazing'ono zimagwidwa. Imasaka usiku, ikuwuluka pamalowo kapena kudikirira nyama kuti ikagwire. Ntchentche zochokera kumpoto kwa nyengo yozizira (mazira athu owuma nthawi yachisanu makamaka kumadera akumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe), m'magulu ena ambiri mbalame nthawi yozizira m'malo ake. M'nyengo yozizira, m'malo ena nthawi zina pamakhala mitundu yayikulu tsiku ndi tsiku m'makona akuda a mitengo ya mbalame makumi khumi.

Owl wared-Long Owl (Asio otus)

Tsamba 2

E Ow Owl (Asio otus) Kadzidzi wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali amafanana modabwitsa kakang'ono ka kadzidzi kokhala ndi makutu ake akuthwa ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. Koma akangokhala pansi, atakhala panthambi, kuti apumule kwa tsiku limodzi, akuwumitsa maso ake, ndikukukuta zofunikira zake ndikudziwongola, nthawi yomweyo amasintha kuchoka ku kadzidzi kukhala kachakumwa kowuma. Kufanana kwake kumakulitsa mtundu wa mbalameyo, yomwe imabwereza bwino mtunduwo komanso mawonekedwe a khungwa la mtengo lomwe ladzaza ndi ming'alu. Kudzinyenga kotereku sikofunikira, makamaka kumadera komwe kumakhala ziphoko za goshawk, mwachidwi kuphatikiza ndi kadzidzi wazowera m'mndandanda wawo wosaka nyama. Inde, ndipo mbalame yaying'ono iliyonse, ikaona kadzidzi, imayamba kuvota m'nkhalango yonse ndikupeza gulu lonse la abale achifwamba, omwe sangalole kuti ndipumule modekha ndikasaka usiku. Kuchokera kwa kadzidzi ena, makamaka kuyambira m'mbali, buluzi wa buluzi amasiyanitsidwa ndi zazikulu, mpaka masentimita asanu ndi limodzi, makutu a nthenga (makutu enieni amabisika pansi pa nthenga), lalanje lowala (mu mbalame zakale mpaka zofiira) utoto wa iris wamaso (pachithaphwi cha kadzidzi ndi chikasu) ) ndi kupezeka pa cholembera chilichonse chakumunsi kwa thupi limodzi ndi zopendekera zazitali. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi khungu lalitali ndi mtundu wina wapulasitiki; umakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulogu m'dera la Belarus: nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo obisalirako mphepo, nkhalango zam'chilumbachi pakati pa malo olima, madera ozungulira a mitengo ya pine komanso nkhalango zowuma, minda, mapaki ndi malo okhalamo. Mbalame yaying'ono iyi (yolemera pafupifupi 300 g) imapeza malo abwino okhala pakati pa malo okhala ndi anthu, pomwe nkhalango zakutali zimadzazidwa ndi mitengo yayikulu komanso minda, malo opanda kanthu komanso zinyalala.

Kadzidzi yayitali imakhala tsiku lonse ikubisala korona wamtengo, ndipo pofika usiku imawulukira kukasaka madimba ndi minda. Kusaka kuthawa kumadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chake, ndipo kusaka nyama kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothandizira ndipo kumangotenga pafupifupi magawo khumi a nthawi yonse yosaka. Pafupifupi makoswe okhala ngati mbewa amagwera m'manja a kadzidzi wautali, gawo lamkango pakati pawo lomwe limachita imvi - anthu ambiri okhala m'malo opanda phokoso.

Mtunduwu, limodzi ndi kestrel ndi buluwe kadzidzi, zimatha kukhala zokopa chidwi chokopa pafupi ndi mabizinesi azolimo, popeza makoswe 90% amaphatikizidwa muzakudya.

Kadzidzi wamkulu amadya ma voo awiri oyambira tsiku lililonse. Banja la kadzidzi lomwe lili ndi anapiye 5 pa nyengo (kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka kumapeto kwa June) limatha kuwononga makoswe oposa 1000!

Usiku wodekha, wodekha, kadzidzi amayenera kutenga katatu kapena katatu kuti akagwire munthu m'modzi, ndipo pomwe mphepoyo ili yamphamvu kapena kugwa chifukwa cha phokoso, ntchito yosaka imachepetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu.

Moyo wa nesting wa kadzidzi wautali wautali umayenda m'nkhalango. Mtunduwu umadalira kwambiri mbalame za banja la Corvidae (magpie, rook, khwangwala, khwangwala), zomwe zimakhazikika. Zimasunthira zisa zachilengedwe m'malo omwe munalibe zisa za ma corvid. Kutalika kwa zisa zazikazi sasamala. Ndikofunikira kwa iwo kuti nyumbayo idasungika bwino m'malo ovuta korona. Mphamvu yokhala ndi kadzidzi wautali wamasamba imasiyanasiyana zaka zingapo kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma voles. Mu zaka zabwino pankhani ya chakudya, m'magulu mumakhala mazira 8-9 kapena kuposerapo, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala osapitilira asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Nguluwe zazitali zazitali zimatha kudyetsa ana athu pokhapokha ngati zili zabwino kwambiri kuti zitha kupeza chakudya. Mu zaka zokhala ndi ma voles ochepa, amodzi mwa ana ochepera aang'ono ndi ofooka nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya. Chiwerengero cha anapiye omwe akulira ndikuchokera 30 mpaka 65% ya kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amayikidwa. Pazaka pafupifupi pafupifupi 4, anapiyewo amachoka pachisa, pafupifupi osatha kuwuluka. Miyezi iwiri itangochoka chisa, ana amapezeka mosavuta dzuwa litayamba kupsa ndi anapiye. M'dzinja, kumapeto kwa Seputembala, akatswiri a zamankhwala ku Belarus amawona kusuntha kwa kadzidzi wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Zikho zathu zimawulukira kumwera, pomwe zakumpoto zimawulukira ku Belarus.

M'malo osunthira komanso m'malo achisanu, kadzidzi zazitali zazitali zimapangidwa ndimakampani ambiri. Gulu la kadzidzi 8-12 ndilofala, koma nthawi zina mbalame mpaka makumi atatu kapena kupitilira pamenepo zimasonkhana malo amodzi, zomwe zimatha nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi mzake, nthawi zambiri pamtengo umodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, samachita mantha kwambiri ndi munthu ndipo amawalola kudziwona ngati ali pafupi kwambiri. Mbalame zimawulukira limodzi nthawi 20-30 patadutsa dzuwa. Nguluwe zazitali zazitali zimakhala ndi adani ochepa. Choopsa chachikulu kwa mbalame zazikulu ndi kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi, ndipo ma martens nthawi zina amawononga zisa. Imodzi mwa kadzidzi wokhala ndi mkombero idakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka 29 ndi miyezi 9.

Ku Belarus, kadzidzi wautali wautali sakhala ndi mbalame yotetezedwa (pali magulu awiriawiri a 12-20), koma ali pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizitetezedwa malinga ndi msonkhano wa Berne Convention. Zambiri 10 zosangalatsa za kadzidzi:

1. “Makutu” a nthenga, omwe kadzidziyo adatchulira dzina, sizikhala ndi chochita ndi makutu enieni, omwe amabisika pansi pa nthenga.
2. Mitundu 11 yokha ya zikhozizi ku Belarus. Chimodzi mwa izo.
3. Pafupifupi, kadzidzi samakhala motalika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kadzidzi wodziwika bwino kwambiri wakhala ndi moyo zaka 29 ndi miyezi 9 zokha.
4. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali atembenuza mutu wake 270 madigiri.
5. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali samamangapo zisa, koma amakhala m'mazinga a mbalame zina. Pankhaniyi, posankha chisa, chimadalira makamaka kubisika kwake.
6. Komabe, kadzidziwa amakhazikika mofunikira m'nyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu.
7. Ku Belarus, kadzidzi wazaka zazitali amatenga nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ndi makampani a mbalame 8-10. Koma nthawi zina mumatha kuwona kadzidzi mpaka 30 pamtengo umodzi.
8. Kadzidzi wokhala ndi mbewa zazitali amakhala ngati kadzidzi ndipo amakhala ndi "nthenga" zakuthwa za nthenga zazitali zazitali komanso zowala za lalanje.
9. Kadzidzi wautali wautali wokhala ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Ngozi yayikulu imapangidwa ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, yemwe samasankha kudzipulumutsa payekha. Koma akuluakulu amawopsezedwa kwambiri ndi omwe amaphedwa.
10. Kadzidzi amadya mbewa zabwino. Pafupifupi, kuti tigwire mbewa imodzi, imayenera kukonzekera pansi katatu. Ndipo ndimphepo yamphamvu, chiwerengerochi chitha kuwonjezera kangapo.