Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Onani: | Pollock |
Pollock (lat. Gadus chalcogrammus, komanso Theragra chalcogramma) - nsomba za pansi pano zosakonda kuzizira. Nsomba zodziwika bwino ku North Pacific.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi ndi 91 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwambiri kokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 15.
- zipsepse zitatu
- tinyanga tatifupi kwambiri pamlomo wapansi,
- zipsepere zamkati zimapezeka pamaso pa pectoral.
- makaka owala.
- maso akulu
Moyo
Nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi ozizira (kuyambira 2 mpaka 9 ° C), zimakonda kuya kuya kuyambira 200 mpaka 300 metres, ngakhale imatha kusuntha, kutsika mpaka pakuya kwa 500-700 metres ndikuzama. Pollock amakhala zaka 15-16. Pakukutira, pollock imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kusambira m'madzi osaya akuya ma 50-100 m. Kuphatikizika kwa pollock kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Kudzipanga zokha m'malo osiyanasiyana a Pacific Ocean kumayambira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyengo pa Nyanja ya Bering kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe (kuyambira pa Malichi mpaka Seputembala), kunyanja ya Korea - nyengo yozizira ndi masika (kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi), ku Kamchatka - kumapeto Mwanjira imeneyi, zazikazi zimatha kutuluka ngakhale kutentha kwambiri (- 1.8 ° C). Caviar amakula pamtunda wa mita 50.
Pollock amafika kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 3-4, pomwe akufika pazambiri zake, zomwe zimasiyananso m'malo osiyanasiyana am'madzi (kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 5 kg).
Pamodzi ndi zoletsa zina za pelagic (mackerel, cod, tuna, ma mackerel) zimapeza chakudya pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana ya trophic. : 46 Pollock amadyetsa makamaka pa planktonic crustaceans. Ikamakula, pollock imayamba kudyera nyama yayikulu, monga nsomba zazing'ono (capelin, Asia smelt) ndi squid. Pakati pa pollock, pali zochitika za cannibalism - kudya mphutsi ndi mwachangu amitundu yawo.
Habitat
Zosangalatsa Nsomba za Pollock si mtsinje, koma zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja. Dera lomwe limagawika kwambiri ndi malo akumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean ndi Atlantic, komanso likupezekanso kumwera, mwachitsanzo, kugombe la Korea.
Mkhalidwe waukulu wokhala pollock umawonedwa ngati kutentha kwa madzi. Nsombazi zimatha kumva bwino pokhapokha ngati madzi satha kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 10.
Pollock yokha ndi chilombo chomwe chimadyera makamaka nyama zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, squid, smel kapena capelin, ndipo anthu ochepa omwe ali pachigawo choyamba cha kukula kwawo amakonda plankton yosiyanasiyana.
Malo okhala pollock akufotokozera kuti amatha kumakhala m'madzi amchere basi ndi nyanja, osati nsomba ya mumtsinje. Ndipo zonse zomwe zimamukomera ngati chakudya zimapezekanso munyanja yowoneka bwino, komanso nthawi zambiri munyanja, ndipo, monga lamulo, pamtunda wawutali kwambiri kuchokera pagombe.
Migodi yamalonda
Dziwani kuti mpaka posachedwa pollock idawonetsedwa ngati chida chamtengo wokhala ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Komabe, posachedwa kapangidwe kake kakukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi ina mpaka mpaka kufika pama voliyumu ochuluka mwakuti "zobiriwira" zimawonetsa alamu.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha asodzi a pollock chofika mu 2009nsomba zochulukazo zitagwidwa kuti nthumwi za Greenpeace zinayamba kuyankhula kwambiri za chiyembekezo chakutha kwa anthu ngati usodziwo ungapitirizebe kwa zaka zingapo motsatira. Kenako, mabungwe angapo azachilengedwe adayambitsa funso loti pakufunika kuchepetsa nsomba ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba.
Njira zomwe zidatengedwa pambuyo panu zidalola polowera kuti lisunthire kutali, koma masiku ano, pakati pa omwe ali ngati ma cod, akadali nsombainsodzi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, za kuwonongeka kwa malankhulidwe tsopano sichoncho ndipo izi zimapangitsa akatswiri azachilengedwe kukhala ndi chiyembekezo.
Ubwino wazakudya ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuphika
Monga zilizonse nyanja, osati nsomba za mumtsinje, pollock Ili ndi kakomedwe kabwino kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi. Choyamba, ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, monga chinthu chachikulu chofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya pollock imakhala ndi ayodini komanso ma amino acid, ndipo chiwindi chake chimakhala ndi vitamini A ambiri ndi mafuta, omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri anthu, chifukwa amatha kugaya mosavuta.
Ndipo, ngakhale zili ndi ntchito zake, pollock imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, monga, kunena, nsomba zina za cod zokhudzana ndi izo. Nyama ya Pollock imakonzedwa makamaka kuti ipangidwe ndi zinthu zakunja ndi zotsiriza.
Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga fanizo la nyama ya nkhanu, yomwe lero yadzaza ndi mashelufu onse ogulitsa ku Russia, komanso zikopa za chakudya chofulumira - zopangidwa ndi theka la zomaliza za pollock ndizofala kwambiri pakati pazogulitsa za mtundu wotchuka wa McDonald.
Komanso pollock ndi yowuma kapena yowuma - kupanga izi kumakhazikitsidwa bwino ku China. Zogulitsa zotere zimatha kupezeka makamaka m'masitolo apadera, mwachitsanzo, pomwe amagulitsa mowa wosiyanasiyana. Pollock caviar imakolozedwanso, yomwe imagulitsidwa mwanjira yamchere kwambiri.
Dera
- Gombe la Asia lili ku Japan, Okhotsk ndi Bering Seas.
- Gombe laku America - Nyanja ya Bering, Alaska Bay, Monterey Bay.
- Madzi am'nyanja - kupita ku Sangarsky Strait, osapezeka kumwera.
- Kuwona kwapafupi kunapezeka mu Nyanja ya Barents - Atlantic Pollock (Theragra finnmarchica).
Zopatsa mphamvu
Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zaiwisi fillet ndi 72.3 kcal pa 100 g. Mukatentha nsomba, timapeza:
- polika wokazinga mu poto - 275.9 kcal,
- steam - 77,9 kcal,
- yophika - 74.1 kcal,
- stewed - 70.8 kcal,
- zouma - 221.6 kcal,
- yophika mu uvuni - 85.6 kcal.
Pollock roe pa 100 g ali ndi mphamvu ya calorie ya 133.1 kcal, komanso chiwindi - 473.8 kcal. Mkaka - 91.2 kcal pa g 100. Anthu omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi ayenera kukonda nsomba yophika kapena otentha.
Usodzi
Mwa nsomba zazikuluzikuluzikulu ngati World Ocean, pollock ndiye amatsogolera pakupanga. Pollock imayimbidwa ndi zogoza ndi maukonde okhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba za pollock ndi kukula kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa zimadalira zipatso za mibadwomibadwo, kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso nthawi yosodza. M'malo a RF, kukula kochepera kwambiri ndi 20 cm.
Chapakati pa 1980s, dziko lapansi litafika padzikoli linafika matani 7 miliyoni, theka la zogwirira zinali zochokera ku USSR yakale. Pamodzi ndi kuyera kwa buluu ku Atlantic, kuwonongeka kwa Pacific m'mbuyomu kunkaonedwa ngati gwero lamtengo wapatali. : 39
Chaka | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
Zogwira dziko, matani chikwi | 2791 | 2860 | 2909 | 2649 | 2499 | 2010 | 3207 | 3271 | 3239 | 3214 | 3373 | 3476 |
Amphaka aku Russia, matani chikwi | 962 | 1022 | 1218 | 1316 | 1327 | 1579 | 1629 | 1675 | 1600 | 1571 | 1652 |
Mu 1990s, amphaka sanadutse matani 5 miliyoni: 49, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka chikwi chachitatu adagwera matani miliyoni 2.5-9.9. Chifukwa chakuwonjeza, kupezeka kwa pollock kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa chake Greenpeace idafunsa izi mu 2007 pewani kugula ndikuwononga pollock ndi zinthu kuchokera pamenepo.
Mu chaka cha 2015, polisha yaku Russia idalandira matani 1.623 miliyoni, omwe ndi 6.9% kuposa 2014. Mu 2016, asodzi a pollock adafika pafupifupi matani 1.74 miliyoni. Katundu wa Pollock mu Russia ndi 42,5% ya nsomba zonse. Mwa matani miliyoni 1.9 a nsomba zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Russia, mtsogoleriyo ndiwouma; mu 2016, kuchuluka kwake kudafikira matani 782,000, kapena 53.3% ya kapangidwe kawo, kuchuluka kwa 1.6% poyerekeza ndi 2015.
Wotulutsa zofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu Russia ndi South Korea, yemwe adagula mu 2016 ndalama $ 85 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 96.8% ya mtengo wotumiza kunja kuchokera ku Russia. Pakati pa mayiko a EU, omwe amalowetsa mavoti ambiri ku Russia ndi China ndi Germany, Poland ndi Netherlands. Pollock yaku Russia ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa zomwe asodzi aku America amagwira ku Alaska, izi zidamuthandiza kupeza gawo la $ 200 miliyoni kumsika wakunyumba waku US podzafika 2019.
Ubwino wazakudya
Mtengo wa nsomba pa 100 g:
- mapuloteni - 16.1 g
- chakudya - 0 g
- mafuta - 0,8 g
- madzi - 82,8 g
- CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta - 0 g.
Kapangidwe ka pollock BZHU pa 100 g ya offal:
Zogulitsa | Mapuloteni, g | Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, g | Mafuta, g |
Pollock roe | 26,8 | 1,2 | 1,9 |
Pollock chiwindi | 6,1 | 0 | 51,1 |
Pollock mkaka | 15,88 | 0 | 2,9 |
Kuchokera patebulopo zimamveka bwino chifukwa chake chiwindi cha calorie cha nsomba ndichokwera kwambiri, koma musaiwale kuti mafuta omwe amapezeka mu nsomba akhoza kukhala othandiza pokhapokha mukamadya pang'ono.
Zothandiza pa pollock
Ndikudya moyenera, pollock imakhala chinthu chothandiza thupi:
- Chifukwa cha michere yomwe ndi gawo la malonda, kufalikira kwa njira yotupa yamkati, mucous nembanemba ndi khungu zimayimitsidwa.
- Kwa osuta, pollock imakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha michere yambiri, zotsatira za chikonga m'mapapu zimatsekedwa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pafupipafupi kumathandizira kagayidwe, kumalepheretsa kusokonezeka mumitsempha, kumachepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha nkhawa.
- Mankhwala amachepetsa cholesterol ndipo potero amaletsa kukula kwa matenda monga atherosulinosis.
- Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa potaziyamu pakuphatikizika, madzimadzi owonjezera amachotsedwa m'thupi, chifukwa cha chomwe kutupa kumadutsa.
- Pollock fillet imakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Zinthu zothandiza zimalimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikukhazikika pamtima. Mankhwala amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kupewa matenda a mtima - izi ndi zowona kwa anthu omwe amakhala akuchulukira zolimbitsa thupi.
- Pali ayodini ambiri mu nsomba, chifukwa chomwe chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimayenda bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ayodini m'thupi la munthu kumakulitsa mphamvu ndikukhalanso wathanzi.
- Kudya nsomba mwadongosolo kumalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi ndikukulitsa chitetezo chamthupi ku matenda opatsirana.
- Chifukwa cha mapuloteni ambiri, pollock imathandiza othamanga kumanga minofu ndikubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pophunzitsidwa.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa.
Pollock chiwindi chimapindulitsa
Ubwino wa chiwindi cha pollock mu postoperative nthawi ndizowonekera kwambiri - m'zakudya mumakhala kuchuluka kwamafuta acid, omwe amabwezeretsa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda amakhudza bwino:
- kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi,
- njira yobereka
- masomphenya,
- momwe mano, mafupa ndi misomali,
- chithokomiro ntchito
- ntchito ya hematopoietic dongosolo,
- mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, chiwindi chimathandiza kudya nthawi yozizira, thupi likakhala ndi vuto la vitamini.
Phindu la nsomba caviar
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi folic acid, mavitamini B ndi E, komanso phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium ndi magnesium. Chochita sichimangolimbikitsa ntchito za ziwalo zamkati, komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi pazodzikongoletsera.
Caviar amakhudza thupi monga:
- kukonza njira yopumira,
- Kuchira msanga mukadwala kwambiri kapena kwanthawi yayitali,
- kupatsa thupi ma micro- osowa komanso ma microelements, komanso mavitamini.
Monga chodzikongoletsera, caviar imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira masks a nkhope, omwe amakonzanso khungu ndikulipanga kukhala lodziwikiratu. Komabe, caviar wamchere sioyenera kutsatira njirayi ndipo samakhala ndi phindu lalikulu, monga caviar wokazinga.
Zokhudza thupi
Pollock imakhudzanso achire amuna ndi akazi:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kwadongosolo kwa zinthu kumachotsa zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zowola ndi poizoni m'thupi.
- Nsomba zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ndi mafupa ndikuletsa kupsinjika kwa mano.
- Mukamadya pollock pafupipafupi, mumathandiza ziwalo zowoneka. Chochita chimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa maso ndikuletsa kupangitsa matenda a maso. Zonsezi ndizotheka chifukwa cha vitamini A.
- Pollock amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, omwe amathandizira kupewa matenda ashuga, komanso monga othandiza pakuthandizira matenda.
- Ngati mumadya nsomba kangapo pa sabata, mudzasintha masinthidwe am'magazi.
- Chogulitsacho chimathandizira bwino kubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pa kudwala kwambiri kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ubongo.
- Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazopangidwazo zomwe zimapanga michere, ntchito yaubongo imayendetsa bwino, chidwi ndikuwonjezera chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, pollock imakhudza bwino kukumbukira.
- Nsomba imakhala ndi phindu pa njira yolerera mwa amuna ndi akazi, imachulukitsa potency ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi pakati.
- Zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe zimapanga chipangizocho zimasintha mkhalidwe wamisomali ndikuthandizira kukula kwa tsitsi.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, pollock imasintha kusinthika kwa minofu, imalimbitsa ma ligaments ndi cartilage.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Pankhani yokhudza nkhanza za nsomba, komanso kusaloledwa kwa chakudya cham'madzi kapena nsomba, pamakhala chiopsezo chazomwe zingachitike chifukwa chazovuta zaumoyo.
Zotsatira pa pollock:
- matenda oopsa - izi zimagwira pa nsomba yokazinga kapena yamchere ndi caviar, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera magazi,
- pachimake matenda a m'mimba thirakiti,
- chotupa cha pakhungu chiyenera kutayidwa ndi chimbudzi chomanga thupi,
- azimayi oyembekezera sayenera kudya mchere wopanda mchere kapena wowuma, chifukwa umapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukana.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zam'nyanja zilizonse zimatha kudziunjikira zitsulo zolemera zowopsa ku thanzi. Pachifukwa ichi, simungadye zipatso zosaphika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molakwika, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni wa mercury.
Pomaliza
Pollock ndi zakudya zabwino zomwe zimathandiza azimayi kuchepetsa thupi, komanso othamanga amuna kuti apange minofu yokongola. Nsomba, caviar, komanso chiwindi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso zodzikongoletsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo akhale opanda zinyalala. Pali magawo angapo othandiza nsomba kuposa contraindication kapena kuvulaza chifukwa chakudya, kotero pollock ndiyofunikira kuyambitsa chakudya chamagulu omwe amatsatira zakudya zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu - musagwiritse ntchito molakwika zochitikazo, chifukwa zomwe zimakhala zochepa zopatsa mphamvu sizitanthauza kuti mutha kudya nsomba mopanda malire.