Mu Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN, Goose wokhala ndi mabere ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu womwe wakumana ndi kutha kwathunthu. Mitunduyi ilinso ya gulu lolingana mu Red Book of Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, Goose Goose amatetezedwa ndi mgwirizano wamayiko ambiri: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES II), ndi Zowonjezera ku Berne ndi Bonn Convention.

Ena mwa malo okhala malo ogona, owoneka mopepuka komanso nthawi yachisanu ali m'malo otetezedwa (Taimyr Nature Reserve ndi malo ena osungirako).
Tsekwe wofiyira mphindikati adalandira mtundu wa mtundu womwe udawopsezedwa kuti uwonongeke chifukwa cha kuchepa kochulukira kwakuchulukirapo theka laka la 20, pomwe zimangotenga zaka 20 kuchokera pakati mpaka pakati pazaka. idatsika kuchoka pa 50,000 mpaka 22-27,000 anthu, oposa 40%. Pakadali pano, akhazikika mwanjira inayake ndipo akuyerekeza anthu 30-30,000.

Onani ndi mamuna

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakachetechete kwa goose goose zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi kukhudzika kwachindunji kapena kosakhudzika kwa chinthu cha anthropogenic, ndi kukhalapo ndi zochita za munthu. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu akatswiri amatcha kukula kwa mafakitale Kumpoto: kufufuzidwa ndi kukula kwa minda yamafuta ndi gasi ndipo, pokhudzana ndi izi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zamtundu uliwonse (seaplanes, helikopta, magalimoto onse oyenda pansi). Kukhazikitsa zomanga ndi zokopa alendo malo osunga nthawi yozizira komanso kupumula kwa mbalame nthawi yosamukira kumathandizanso kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zosokoneza, komanso, nthawi zina kumalepheretsa atsekwe kumtundu waukulu wam'madzi.

Udindo wofunikira unayesedwa ndi kupha nsomba, makamaka m'malo a chisanu. Mwachitsanzo, kudera la Azerbaijan, ngakhale kumalo osungirako a Kyzylagach, komwe kuchuluka kwa goose goose kunasankhidwa, ambiri atsekwe okongola ndi owoneka bwino anawomberedwa.
Mwa zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo odyera, munthu atha kunena kuchepa kwa mitengo ya peregrine ku tundra, momwe "atsekwe ofiira amakhala nthawi zambiri." Kuchepa kwa nthendayi kumakhudzanso thanzi la atsekwe. kuphatikizapo atsekwe, akuwononga zisa zawo.

Ntchito yayikulu yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa atsekwe awa idaseweredwa ndi zojambula zawo. Pafupifupi malo onse osungira nyama adafunafuna kuti akhale ndi mbalame zokongola izi muzophatikiza. Pali mlandu wodziwika pamene boma la India lidapereka njovu yaku India kuti atengere atsekwe ofuka khosi!

Komabe, ntchito za anthu zidathandizira kupulumutsa tsekwe yofiira, chifukwa cha kutulutsa bwino kwa mbalame izi mu ukapolo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ukapolo udatengedwa ku ukapolo ku England mu 1926 ku Waterfowl Trust yotchuka, yopangidwa ndi katswiri wazodziwika bwino wa zamankhwala Sir Peter Scott ku Slimbridge. Mu 1958-59 atsekwe ofiira kwambiri atabadwa ku Moscow Zoo. Pakadali pano, tsekwe yofiira yokhala ndi mbewewe zimatha kubereka bwino m'malo ambiri osungira nyama padziko lapansi.
Osangowoneka zosaiwalika, komanso kupambana kwa alonda kunapangitsa kusankha kwa tsekwe wofiyira ngati chizindikiro cha 18th International Ornithological Congress, yomwe idachitika ku Moscow mu 1982. Zojambulajambula izi - tsekwe lakuthwa lakuthwa m'maso padziko lonse lapansi - lidapangidwa ndi Sir Peter Scott yemweyo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, tsekwe yokhala ndi ululu wachiwiri ndi chizindikiro cha ma Russian Ornithological Society.

Mawonekedwe

Dzinali limachokera ku mtundu wa utoto wake wakunja, nthawi zambiri mtundu wa mbalame umawongoleredwa ndi mitundu ya akuda bii ndi yakuda bii. Kuyambira pachiwono mpaka pakamwa pake, imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wa mbewa, koma mbali zake, m'mimba ndi mapiko zili ndi utoto wowala wowonjezera, pafupi ndi imvi ndi khofi wakuda. Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana kunja, koma, monga lamulo, anthu amodzi a mzere wamwamuna amawongolera chachikulungacho ndipo amakhala ndi chingwe choyera chopindika kwambiri m'khosi.

Kulemera kwa mbalame yayikulu kumachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2,2 kg, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikupitirira masentimita 64. Ndi kukula kochepa thupi, mapikowo ndi akulu koposa kawiri. Pokhudzana ndi sizomwe zikuwonetsa kwambiri, tsekwe amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yamtundu wake.

Masanjidwe

Pali magulu atatu odziwika a brant wakuda. Maonekedwe awo siosiyana kwambiri, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni amtoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi thupi.

• Brаnta bernicla hrota - pamimba lowoneka bwino ndi khofi wotumbululuka ndi nthenga zoyera,
• Brаnta bernicla nigriсns - m'mimba mwa nthumwi za olemba awa ali ndi phulusa lakuda,
• Brаnta bernicla - kusiyanitsa kuli mwa kamvekedwe kakang'ono ka manambala.

Zizolowezi ndi moyo

Mbalame zamtundu wamtunduwu zimakhala ndi moyo wotsutsana. Akuluakulu amayandikira mwatsatanetsatane chisankho cha gulu lawo. Izi zowerengera zimasankha banja kamodzi m'miyoyo yawo ndikupanga banja nthawi zonse. Kusungitsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimagwirizana, mbalame pachaka zimachita kuvina kwapadera, kapena miyambo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe osazolowereka (pose). Chiwerengero cha zomwe tatchulazi ndi mitundu 6-11. Izi zimakopa chachikazi ndikuwonetsa chidwi chake pa yemwe adasankhidwa. Kufunafuna mnzanu kumachitika nthawi yomweyo zisanayambike zosamuka.

Mbalame ya Black Goose ndi mbalame yosamukasamuka, koma nthawi yakukhwima imayima kuti ikonzekere malo okhala ndi kulera ana awo. Zisa zakutchire zimakhala zamtundu wa atsamunda ndipo zimapezeka kwambiri kumapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso mu tundra steppe. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala chisa pafupi ndi madzi, koma pamakhala zochitika pamene nyamazo zimasunga ana mu kuya kwa tundra (mpaka 10 km kufika pachifuwa chachikulu).

Habitat

Atsekwe akuda amakonda nyengo yabwino. Kuchokera pa mbiri ya kusamuka ndi zomwe amakonda, amasankha gombe lakumpoto kwa Western Europe. Makamaka, amasankhidwa ndi Germany, Denmark ndi Netherlands. Kukhalapo Vranta bernisla hrota (Atlantic Black Goose) yakhala ikudziwika kale ku gawo la Russian Federation, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu (pafupifupi anthu 1000), masamba awa ali pakutha kwawo ndipo tsopano adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Kubalana komanso zakudya

Pambuyo pakuphatikizana ndi kulungamitsidwa kwa malo okonzekerawa, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba. Chiyambacho chimagwera masiku oyamba a Juni ndipo chimatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Mbalame zimayamba mwambo wapa chibwenzi, womwe umatenga mwayi wofuna kukopa chidwi. Mwambowu, wotsimikizira kuvomereza, wogwirizira mgwirizanowu, ukusamba palimodzi. Ngakhale pali ubale pakati pa mbalame zamtunduwu, mwambowu umabwerezedwanso chaka chilichonse.

Kukonzekeretsa chisa cha mbalameyi, amagwiritsa ntchito moss, nthenga, pansi, udzu womata ndikuyiyika yonse m'njira yoti kachoko kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi masentimita awiri Nesting ili m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Pa kuyikira dzira limodzi, tsekwe amatulutsa mazira pafupifupi 3-5, osachepera 5-7 mazira. Panthawi yolumikizira, yomwe imatenga masiku 24-26, monga kuswa kwa anapiye kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, champhongo sichimasiya mkazi yekha. Amamuteteza ndikumuteteza, kumuthandiza kuti adye mokwanira nthawi ino.

Anapiyewo atabadwa, makolowo amayenda ndi kuwaswa kwawo kuti anapiye asasiye chisa chokha, chifukwa patangopita maola awiri atatu mwana wankhuku amayamba kale kuchita izi. Chingwe kumenyedwa kale ndi mtundu wowuma wa imvi. Pakapita kanthawi (kawiri masiku awiri kapena atatu), makolowo amapititsa ana awo kumalo osungira madzi apafupi, omwe amakhala kwawo posachedwa. Kusungidwa kumapeto kwa anapiye kumatenga milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pakadali pano, makolo onse awiri amateteza ndi kudyetsa ana awo. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, anyani amphongo amatenga akazi awo, ndikupanga gulu lawo padera. Akazi okhala ndi anapiye amatha kuyanjana m'magulu osiyana.

Nthawi imeneyi, kusungunuka kumayamba mwa akulu, ndipo amalephera kuuluka, nthenga zatsopano zimawonekera kale posunthira nyundo. Nyama zazing'ono, kumbali ina, zimasungunuka pakugwa ndikukhazikika m'mapulogalamu pokhapokha nthawi yachisanu yoyamba. Anthu omwe pazifukwa zina samakhala chisa amagundidwa pamodzi pagulu la mbalame ndi kusungunuka.

Kukula kwachinyamata kudzakhala pansi paubwino wa nthawi yayitali ndipo amasiya banja lokha nthawi yotsatira, yomwe imamasula makolo ku udindo wawo wosungira ana omwe adakali pano. Koma anawo sangathe kupitiriza mtundu wawo, chifukwa kukhwima komaliza kwa makanda kumatheka kokha ngati patatha chaka china.

Zakudya za oimira mtundu wa Kazarka wakuda zimakhala ndi udzu, mbewa, ma mollusks, lichens ndi masamba am'madzi. Zakudya zonse zimasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka malinga ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• M'chilimwe iwo amadya ma forc, mollusks.
• Mu kasupe ndi yophukira, shrub msondodzi ndi sedge ali m'zakudya.
• M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chimawoneka chochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala cham'madzi chokha.

Adani a Goose

Pali zovuta zambiri ndi mbalame zamtunduwu - kuchokera ku nkhono ndi nsomba mpaka nkhandwe za arctic ndi zimbalangondo zaposachedwa. Nsomba ndi seagull sizimanyoza ngakhale kubedwa kwa anapiye. Nawonso, atsekwe osakhala patali ndi zisa za mbalame zazikulu zodyera kuti asunge ana. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu ya zipatso za mandala, zikho ndi zikwangwani. Mbalamezi zimasaka zokhala kutali ndi zisa zawo, ndipo zina zodya nyama zazing'ono sizimayandikira kumalo okhala mbalame zodya nyama, motero atsekwe omwe ali ndi malo abwino oti zakhazikikamo nkhokwe zachitetezo kwa ana awo.

Tsoka ilo, kubisala kwa womanga kapena chitetezo chomwe chaperekedwa sichingatsimikizire kuteteza chisa chonse. Mdani akapezeka, tsekwe amatenga njira yodzitetezera, amagwirira khosi kutsogolo, natsegula mapiko ake ndikuyamba kukokosera, koma izi sizimathandizanso mbalame kupulumutsa ana awo.

Kuchulukana

Chiwerengero cha atsekwe wakuda masiku ano ndi anthu pafupifupi 450-500. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa anthu amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chachikulu cha atsekwe, womwe ndi udzu wanyanja wa Zoster.

Kusaka ndi kusintha kwa malo okhala ku Europe kunathandizanso kwambiri kuchepetsa zachilengedwe. The Black Goose Brenta bernicla hrota ndiotetezeka ku Europe komanso ku ntchentche ku Russia. Makhalidwe omwe ali pakalipano, kuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kuwedza kwa anthu omwe amapeza mazira, kumasokoneza kwambiri chiwerengero cha a Black Goose.

Kulowetsa atsekwe akuda mu Red Book kumalumikizidwa ndi nyama zambiri zolusa komanso kugonjetsedwa kwamisala. A tsekwe atsekwe amathera nthawi yozizira kumpoto, pomwe anthu amazolowera kusaka nyama amtunduwu amathandizanso kuti mitunduyi izitha kutuluka.

Inde, zachitidwa kuti atetezere zachilengedwe. M'malo omwe anthu amakhala, komanso malo osamukira kwawo, zikhalidwe za malo osungirako zayambitsidwa. Palinso choletsa kusaka nyama zamtunduwu. Kuphatikizidwa kwa njirazi, kumene, kumathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa anthu onse, koma akadali ocheperako ndipo sangathe kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mboniziwo ndizabwino komanso zodalirika, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwawo.

Atsekwe amatha kulekerera nyengo yozizira, ndipo safunikira ndege yowotchera, koma doko liziwathandiza kuti akhale omasuka nthawi yayitali. Atsekwe, monga atsekwe, amasinthika mosavuta ku ukapolo. Amakonda kucheza ndi mbalame zina monga abakha, atsekwe ndi swans. Ndipo monga ma Anseriformes ena, amafunika kulowa kuchisungiko kwachikhalire, ndikofunikira kuti owongolera azikhala ndi malo osungira 20% ya malo onsewo. Komanso, ikasungidwa mu aviary, ndikofunikira kukonzekera msipu, udzu womwe suyenera kupitirira 7.5 cm.

Posunga mbalame mu cholembera, zakudya za tsekwe zimayenera kukhala ndi chakudya cha chiyambi chomera, algae. Zakudya zazikulu zikuphatikiza mbewu zamasamba ndi zipatso zamasamba (makamaka ngati masaladi), ndipo tirigu wamera amakhala othandiza kwambiri m'badwo wachichepere. Zakudya zophatikiza ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana opangira nkhuku ndi mafoni am'madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chakudya chachikulu.

Kubereka kungachitike mwachilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makulitsidwe. Nthawi yakukhwima, pezani awiri awiriwo paddock (kotero kuti palibe mbalame zina) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphongo wamwamuna panthawiyi.

Goose Goose

Goose Goose
Gulu la asayansi

• Rufibrenta ruficollis

Cossack wamaso ofiira (lat. Branta ruficollis) - mtsinje wamadzi wochokera kubanja la abakha. Maonekedwewo amafanana ndi tsekwe yaying'ono yokhala ndi khosi lokwera komanso mulomo wamfupi. Utoto wake ndi wowala komanso wosiyanitsa, kuphatikiza matoni ofiira, oyera ndi oyera. Mtundu wachilendo womwe umakhala mu tundra pagawo la Russia, makamaka ku Taimyr ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Masamba akumadzulo kwa Black Sea, kumwera kwa Caspian. Amakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba - mphukira zobiriwira za udzu, nthawi yachisanu ndi kusamuka - pamitundu yopanda zipatso za steppe ndi marshes mchere, mbewu za ephemeral, chimanga chazizira. Zomera kamodzi pachaka mu June - Julayi, mu mazira 39 mazira. Zosamalidwa mosavuta komanso zapakhomo. Ichitetezedwa ndi Mabukhu a mayiko ndi a maiko onse, ikuphatikizidwa pamisonkhano yambiri yapadziko lonse yosamalira chilengedwe. Kusaka tsekwe ndi koletsedwa kulikonse.

Voterani

Tsekwe zofiirira zokhala bwino ndizodziwika bwino pakati pawo, makamaka zikafika pamadzi ndikuchokapo, zimafuula kwambiri komwe kumamveka patali kwambiri. Liwu la mbalameyi limatanthauzika kuti ndi kulira kwamphamvu kwambiri kapena kosakongoletseka, komwe kumakumbukira kulira kwa tsekwe kapena lakutsogolo lamaso oyera, koma kokhazikika komanso kokhala ndi "tini" - "givva, givva". Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyo imatulutsa zikhalidwe.

Mitengo yazokongoletsa

Goose-pakhosi Goose, vuto la Russia, limakhala pamalo ocheperako kumapeto kwa moss-lichen ndi shrub tundra kuchokera ku Yamal kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo kwa chigwa cha Khatanga (Khatanga Bay ndi Popigay River Valley). Ambiri mwa anthuwa, pafupifupi 70%, amakhala m'mphepete mwa Taimyr Peninsula, makamaka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Pyasina ndi Upper Taimyr. Ku Gydan ndi Yamal, malo ang'onoang'ono angapo amadziwika, makamaka, abakha amakhala chisa cha 20 km gawo la Yuribey River, makilomita zana kumpoto kwa Lake Yaroto, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Gyda ndi Yesyakha.

Mtengo wozizira

Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe osamukasamuka. Pakadali pano malo opangira nyengo yozizira ali kumpoto chakumadzulo komanso chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Yakuda: pama nyanja a Shablensky ndi Durankulashsky ku Bulgaria, malo opezeka mapiri ndi zipala za Razelm ndi Danube Delta ku Romania, dera la mbiri yakale ku Dobruja pagawo la zigawo zonsezi, m'malo ochepa ku Greece. Komabe, nyengo yachisanu yozizira kwambiri m'malo awa idapezeka posachedwa, chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Izi zisanachitike, atsekwe anasamukira kumadera akum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian - kupita ku Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan ndi Iran, komanso kumadera akumpoto kwa Persian Gulf. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa ma 1950, mbalame mpaka 60,000 zidatsala ku Caspian. Pafupifupi gawo la Kyzylagach Reserve ku Azerbaijan mu 1967, pafupifupi anthu 24,000 nyengo idayamba, komabe, chaka chamawa kale, mpaka theka la anthu onse, kusunthira ku Nyanja Yakuda kudalembedwa.Zaka zaposachedwa, ndege zochepa chabe za mbalamezi zomwe zawonedwa m'dera la Caspian. Pomaliza, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, atsekwe ochepa adayamba kuzizira ku Far East ku Yangtze River Basin ku China. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wapadera wa atsekwe, wodziwika ndi utoto, womwe nthawi ina unkapangidwa nyengo mu Nile Delta - izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zambiri zakale za ku Egypt.

Kusamukira

Kusamukira kwa masika nthawi yayitali kuposa ya atsekwe, mbalame zimakhala m'malo obisalamo chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, pomwe udzu wobiriwira wawung'ono utawonekera pamapiri atamasulidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Pakusunthika kwa nyengo yamasika, mbalame zimasunga timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta mbalame 3 mpaka 3, mosiyana ndi atsekwe, sizipanga mawonekedwe. Njira yayikulu yosamukira imatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera komanso kuchokera kummawa kupita kumadzulo nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kumapeto kwa kasupe. Gawo loyamba limafalikira chakum'mawa kwa Ural Range ndipo limamangidwa ku zigwa za mitsinje yayikulu, makamaka Ob ndi kumwera kwa Tobol, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Pur ndi Nadym, malo apakati a Poluya, madera akutali a Sobtyegan ndi Kunovat. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, kusintha kumadzulo kumachitika, kuchokera komwe goose amapita kumapazi ndi dera lachipululu la Caspian lowland komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine kupita kumadzulo kwa Black Sea ndi Danube. Malo odyetserapo ofunika kwambiri ndikupumula ndi madzi osefukira a Ob mu Arctic Circle, malo osefukira a Ob kumpoto kwa Khanty-Mansiysk, nkhalango yam'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Tobol ndi Ishim, mapiri a Ubagan, Ulkayak ndi Irgiz agawana m'mapiri ang'onoang'ono a Kazakh, chigwa cha Manych ku Kalmykia, Rostov Region ndi Chigawo cha Stavropol. Kuchuluka kwa nyundo yophukira mu theka lachiwiri la Seputembala.

Habitat

Munthawi ya chisa, imakhala m'malo amtundu wa shrubby komanso (moss-lichen) tundra (kumpoto kwa nkhalango-tundra akuwonekeranso koyambirira). Imakonda malo owuma kwambiri komanso okwera kwambiri pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo ochepa a birch, msondodzi, nthawi zina maudzu owuma. Makamaka, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'matanthwe omwe ali m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje pafupi ndi zisa za bulugi wa peregrine, bulu buzzard kapena kadzidzi yoyera, nthawi zambiri pamazilumba zazing'ono zamiyala pafupi ndi madera a siliva kapena burgomaster gull. Mpaka hafu yachiwiri ya zaka za zana la 20, malo opambana amisasa yozizira anali malo otseguka komanso malo omata amchere, pansi pazomwezi, mbalame zimayima ndipo tsopano panthawi yosamukira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za 1960s, ma biotopes osabereka akhala akugulitsa mbewu monga tirigu komanso matanthwe amphepete mwa nyanja ndi ma bays kumadzulo kwa Black Sea. Mbalame zimadyera pamtunda masana, usiku zimasankha madambo onyowa, malo osungirako madzi otsekera kutali ndi gombe, komanso m'malo modekha, ngakhale nyanja.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudyacho ndichoperewera, monga atsekwe ndi atsekwe ena, timangophatikiza zamasamba zokha. Panthawi yobereketsa, amadya masamba, mphukira ndi ma rhizomes azitsamba zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza cannabis-leved ndi Sheikhtser, mitundu ina ya sedge ndi mahatchi. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya msipu, udzu ndi minda yofesedwa ndi tirigu wozizira, barele, ndi chimanga. M'madera ouma opondaponda, amadya mphukira, tubers ndi ma rhizomes a mbewu monga ephemeral, saltmoss, pestle, mbewu za bedstraw, ndi mababu a adyo wamtchire. Amadyetsedwa amachotsedwa pamtunda masana. Nthawi zina pakati pa tsiku, mbalame zimapumira ndikusiya dzenje kuti lizithirira mu madzi apafupi. Monga lamulo, iwo amagona pamadzi, koma nthawi zina m'malo okhala chakudya.

Zolemba za Goose ndi malo okhala

Mitundu inayi yayikulu ya atsekwe imayimiridwa mwachilengedwe, mwa izi muli: Canada, Wakuda, Wofiyira-khosi komanso Woyera. Wodulidwa khosi Atsekwe - m'buku lofiira la Russia, ndipo pakadali pano ali pakati pa anthu omwe atsala pang'ono kutha.

Pakati pa malo obzala amtunduwu pali Yamal, Gydan ndi Taimyr Peninsula. M'madera ena, mutha kukumana ndi oyimilira a banja la bakha panthawi yomwe akuuluka kwambiri. Njira zosamukasiyira zokhala ndi tsekwe zofiirira zodutsa North-West Kazakhstan, Southeast Ukraine komanso m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Nadym, Pura, Tobol ndi Ob.

Goose Goose ali ndi thupi mpaka masentimita 55 kutalika kwake, ndipo kulemera kwa achikulire nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa ma kilogalamu 1.2. Mapiko a mbalame amasiyanasiyana masentimita 35 mpaka 40, ndipo utoto wake umakhala wakuda ndi zidutswa zoyera kapena zofiira.

Yabwino kwambiri pakusambira komanso kusambira. Imakhazikika, monga lamulo, pazinthu zokwezeka kwambiri komanso zowuma kwambiri m'nkhalango-tundra ndi tundra pafupi ndi madzi. Mbalazo zidatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha kusaka unyinji ndi nzika zam'deralo zomwe zidawamenya ndi mfuti ndi maukonde chifukwa chokhala pansi, nthenga ndi nyama.

Mu chithunzichi, Goose wokhala ndi chofiyira

Tsekwe loyera-loyera adalembedwa mu International Red Book, koma sakukhudzanso mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. Kukula kwa mbalamezo ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa atsekwe wakuda, ndipo unyinji wawo umatha kufikira ma kilogalamu awiri. Amasiyana ndi achibale ena okhala ndi utoto wamitundu iwiri, chifukwa amawoneka oyera kuyambira pansi ndi zakuda kuchokera pamwamba.

Khosi, pamphumi ndi mutu pamphepete ndizoyera. Amatha kusambira, kutsika, kuwuluka ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuthawa chimodzimodzi ndi zoopsa. Imapezeka pachilumba cha Scandinavia, komanso pagombe la Greenland. Kuti akhale malo okhala malo osambira, amasankha mapiri okhala ndi matanthwe okhala otsetsereka komanso otsetsereka.

Pa chithunzicho atsekwe wamasamba oyera

Tsekwe wakuda Chimawoneka ngati tsekwe wocheperako, chomwe chimawoneka chakuda kumbuyo ndi choyera kutsogolo. Amakhala momasuka pamadzi ndi pansi, amasambira mwachangu komanso mofulumira. Mbalameyi sadziwa kusambira, ndipo imatha, ngati abakha, kupanga capizing mozondoka kuti ipeze chakudya kuchokera pansi.

Miyendo ndi mlomo wa tsekwe zakuda, malo am'mimba ndi oyera. Mtunduwu umakhala kwambiri kuzilumba zopezeka ku Arctic Ocean komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja zosiyanasiyana za Arctic. Amakonzekera kukhala m'zigwa zotsika ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zopanda udzu.

Pa chithunzithunzi atsekwe wakuda

Canada tsekwe amapezeka ku United States ndi Canada. Mwakukula kwake, mbalameyi imaposa abale akuda komanso ofiira, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira ma kilogalamu 6.5. Mapiko a awa oimira abakha ndiwokongola komanso kuyambira pa 125 mpaka 185 sentimita.

Khosi ndi mutu wa tsekwe waku Canada zili ndi mtundu wakuda ndi wonyezimira bwino. Mtundu wa thupi nthawi zambiri imakhala imvi, koma imatha kukhala ndi chokoleti kapena zamtundu wa wavy. Malo okhala mbalame zimakhazikika makamaka ku Alaska ndi Canada komanso kuzisumbu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zisumbu za Canada Arctic.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ku Canada

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa tsekwe ndi tsekwe

Zipilala zimasiyana ndi mbalame zapakhomo pazikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

• lalifupi lalitali komanso khosi laling'ono,
• Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mtundu wapadera,
• kulemera sikapitilira chizindikiro cha 8 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi sikupitirira 60 cm.

Atsekwe atchire amasiyana kuchuluka kwa omwe akuimira komanso chikhalidwe. Mitundu yonse ya tsekwe yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Mitundu ya atsekwe zakuthengo

Mbalamezi sizothandiza pachabe, chifukwa oyimira ake ndiofunika komanso onyada. Kweza mitu yawo yakuda, amayenda mwamwano, kudziwonetsera kwa ena. Zachilengedwe zinawadalitsa ndi nthenga zoyera - chikopa chodalirika chomwe chimateteza thupi. Mapiko a tsekwe la ku Canada adapakidwa utoto. Mbali zakuda zaimvi zakuda, pachifuwa komanso pamimba pamimba.

Tsekwe-yoyera-yoyera ndi tsekwe, sizovuta kupeza kuthengo. Oimira nyamazo amakhala pamiyala ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiri, amabisala zisa m'malo osatheka kufikako. Mutha kuwapeza mu tundra. Maonekedwe, chidwi chimakopeka ndi mtundu wakuda wa khosi wokhala ndi maonekedwe oyera oyera amutu. Chisomo chikuwonjezera mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake, utoto wofiyidwa ndi kufalikira kwamtambo.

Poyerekeza ndi nthumwi zamtunduwu, atsekwe amawoneka ngati wopatsa chidwi. Amawoneka kutsogolo, akuwoneka wakuda kwathunthu. Kuchokera kumbuyo, munthuyu ndi woyera. Mphete yoyera imadzipukutira pakhosi lakuda la tsekwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kosangalatsa ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe.

Ngakhale atasokonezeka pang'ono, kulemera kwa mbalameyo kumafika 2 kg. Ndizachilendo kuti zazikazi zimayikira mazira 3-5 nthawi imodzi, kumaswa nkhuku zazing'ono za imvi. Munthawi imeneyi, abambo amayesetsa kuthandiza "amayi ang'ono".

Mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena osati ndi dzina lake lokhazikika, komanso mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa. Mbalameyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi tsekwe wamba. Komabe, pali zest inayake pakuwoneka, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi mtundu wosadziwika - kuphatikiza kwa imvi, zakuda, zofiirira komanso zoyera.

“Chovala” chofiirira komanso chofiirira chili pakhosi la tsekwe laku Hawaii. Kulemera - kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 3 makilogalamu. Chodabwitsa cha nyamazo ndi ziwalo zomwe sizinakhazikike bwino pamiyendo, chifukwa chomwe mbalame zimamva moperewera m'madzi, chifukwa chake nthawi yonse yomwe ili pamtunda.

Kufotokozera kwa Mitundu ya atsekwe

Atsekwe ndi mbalame yaing'ono yosadziwika yomwe imapezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi otseguka. Ufulu wokonda ufulu umasambira bwino, umayenda pamtunda ndikuuluka. Goose goose gulu chaka chilichonse ndikusamukira kumadera otentha.

Munthu wolimba sakonda nyengo ya chisanu ndipo amapita kumwera kukafunafuna chakudya kwa gulu lonse. Kodi ndi mitundu yanji ya atsekwe yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe? Timaphunzira zonse za mbalame yokhala ndi mbewa zofiira.

Kuwerenga koyenera: Sprayer BISON PSH GRAND MASTER 3000, 4000

Ndi magawo ati padziko lapansi omwe amakhala

Atsekwe ku Canada ndiofala ku North America, komwe kuli ochulukirapo. Pali mbalame zambiri ku Alaska, Greenland, Canada, pachilumba cha Canada. Kwenikweni, amakhala kumadera akum'mwera kuti apange zakudya, ndipo amawulukira kumadera akumpoto kokha nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe kuti akamange zisa ndikubzala anapiye.

Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimasankha madera omwe zimakhala ndi adani ochepa. Pazifukwa izi, Mexico, kumwera kwa USA ndi California ndi koyenera, komwe kumakhala nyengo yabwino yozizira komanso osavutika ndi chakudya. Zipilala zimasonkhana mumsewu nthawi yomweyo nyengo yozizira isanayambike ndipo osabwereranso kufikira ikumawotha.

Khola la ku Canada limasankha malo pafupi ndi dambo, malo osungirako ndi mitsinje, komwe inu ndi anapiye anu mungapeze chakudya. Anthu amalemera kwambiri, motero amayenda pansi mwamtendere ndikusambira bwino. Atsekwe amatha kukhala mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali akamauluka kupita nthawi yachisanu, koma osafuna kunyamuka pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero.

Atsekwe ochepa anali pa zilumba za Kuril ndi Commander, koma chifukwa chowombera kosalekeza, anthu onse anazimiririka.

Mbalame yaying'ono - tsekwe

Maonekedwe ndiwokongola kwambiri, koma osawerengeka a mbalame, osalumikizana ndi anthu. Mbalame zotere zimasungidwa pagulu ndipo zimayenderana. Akuluakulu amasamalidwa ndi anthu onse akuluakulu, ndipo pakusamuka gulu limasamalira munthu wodwala kapena wovulala. Mbalame zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yakuthengo mumtundu wawo wakuda, womwe umawala pang'ono. Nthawi zonse zimawuluka limodzi ndi fungulo lolimba lomwe limatha kumveka kwa makilomita angapo.

Werengani komanso: Matenda a atsekwe: Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala kunyumba

Amphongo okhulupirika amapeza wokwatirana naye kuti abereke, ndipo akangoika mazira ake, yamphongoyo imakhala chitetezo chachikulu cha ana amtsogolo. Zachikazi zimamangidwa kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 8 tchifuwa pakamodzi. Mwezi umodzi wokha, mazira amasanduka ana, omwe pofika nthawi yophukira amakhala okonzeka kusintha malo okhala. Goose amasakidwa nthawi zonse. Ubweya wa Goose umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka kutchingira kapena filimu, ndipo nyama yodya ya goose ndiyoyenera ngakhale kwa anthu odwala.

Sikovuta kusiyanitsa mtundu uwu ndi nyama zamtchire zina. Kukula kwakang'ono, mutu wakuda ndi imvi peritoneum - tsekwe zimayang'ana kutali. Mbalame zimakonda madzi ndipo zimamanga zisa zawo munkhalango zowirira. Zakudya za achikulire ndi nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zitsamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini komanso michere yambiri. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbalame zomwe zimapezeka kumalo achilengedwe.

Chakuda

Mukayerekezera tsekwe yakuda ndi abale ake omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndiye kuti ikuwoneka bwino. Mukaziyang'ana kuchokera kutsogolo, zimawoneka zakuda kwathunthu, kuchokera kumbali yakumbuyo - yoyera. Khosi lakuda limakongoletsedwa ndi mphete yoyera yoyera.

Ndi mawonekedwe osalimba, thupi la chikumbu chakuda ndi 1.2-2.2 kg, ndipo thupi limafika kutalika kufika pa 60 cm.

Yaikazi yamtunduwu imayikira mazira atatu mpaka asanu, omwe kwa masiku 24- 26 amawaswa ana amphaka amtunduwu, amtundu wa imvi. Wamphongo nthawi imeneyi, monga momwe angathere, amathandiza "wokwatirana naye".

Za mndandanda wa atsekwe wakuda - ndiwo masamba olimba.

Kodi mumadziwa?Goose wamtchire moyenerera angayesedwe ngati chitsanzo cha kukhulupirika. Mbalame ndizomwe zimayambana ndipo sizipereka wokondedwa wawo, ngakhale atamwalira. Ngati mmodzi wa "okwatirana" awa amwalira mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti wachiwiri amalira ndikumakhala moyo wake wonse.

Kusaka mbalameyi nkoletsedwa.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Goose

Goose ndi madzi am'madzi okhala ndi malingaliro opangidwa bwino. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzigwira ngakhale pamtunda. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono komanso yofulumira, yomwe imasokoneza ntchito ya mlenje aliyense. Kuti zitheke, atsekwe zakutchire ndi mbalame zinagawika mitundu yambiri malinga ndi malo okhala ndi moyo wawo.

• tsekwe loyera
• ma post-ofiola khosi,
• Canada tsekwe,
• tsekwe wakuthengo
• tsekwe loyera
• Hawaiian tsekwe.

Branta goose (rufibrenta ruficollis) ndi mbalame yovuta, ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso chikhalidwe chovutitsa, chanzeru.

Subspecies iliyonse imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja, zomwe zimatengera chakudya chamagulu amasiku onse kapena chilengedwe. Zambiri mwa anthu akuluakulu sizimasinthika kuchokera pakapangidwe kamadzi mu nyanja kapena mtsinje. Goose amitundu yosiyanasiyana atha kusiyana misere ya thupi kapena kukula kwa ziwalo zina zathupi. Atsekwe oterowo amakhala kumayiko otentha okha okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Goose ovomerezeka ochepa padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi mitunduyi imakonda kukhala kuti? Goose a banja la tsekwe sakhala m'madambo kapena m'malo okhala ndi madzi otseguka. Gulu la nkhosa limatha kukhala pafupi ndi malo osungira. Ngati malo obiriwira okwanira alipo pafupi ndi malo osungirako, malo oterowo adzakhala nyumba yokhazikika pagululo. Pali tsekwe yaku Hawaii kapena Canada ku kontinenti imodzi ngakhale atasamukira kumeneko amabwerera komwe amakhala. Kodi pali tsekwe pakati pa tsekwe ndi atsekwe aku Canada?

Zomwe zimadya

Ochepera Canada Goose ndi mitundu ina amadya masamba. Maziko awo azakudya ndizomera, bukharnik, fescue, sedge, komanso udzu wina wopanda thanzi. Mitundu ina, osati yaku Canada yokha,, imadyanso mbewu. Zakudya zake nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo chimanga ndi chimanga. Ngakhale izi ndizowonjezera, tsekwe sizikuvulaza mbewu za munthu.

Masewera akwati ali bwanji?

Akazi achikazi a ku Canada atsekwe amadzayamba kumayambiriro kwamasika, nthawi yotentha ikafika ndipo gulu limasamukira. Mbalame nthawi zonse zimakhala m'malo omwe nyengo yotentha imakhazikitsidwa. Koma masewera a chibwenzi amayamba pakati pa kasupe, pomwe pali kutentha pang'ono kumpoto usiku. Kuzizira sikumalepheretsa atsekwe kufunafuna mwachangu zibwenzi.

Nthawi yamasewera a chibwenzi pagombe, chiwonetsero chonse chikuchitika. Khosi laku Canada limakhazikika m'khosi ndipo potero limafunitsitsa kukwatirana. Udindo waukulu umachitika ndi kuyimilira kwamphamvu kwa gulu, komwe kumayendetsa anthu ena onse. Ngati chachikazi chimakonda tsekwe, chimakhazikika khosi ndikugwera kumadzi, pambuyo pake chikuchitika, chomwe sichikhalitsa. Waku Canada amakwera wamkazi, ndikumumenya mutu, pambuyo pake kugonana kumayamba.Pamapeto pake, waku Canada akufuula mokweza ndikupukusa mapiko ake.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya atsekwe wakuda (atsekwe)

Kulima goose ndi bizinesi yabwino kwambiri. Atsekwe ali ndi nkhuku zambiri zaulemu komanso zodzilemekeza zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu. Nyama ndi mazira a goose ndizabwino kwambiri, ndipo pansi awo amadziwika kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri.

Pamenepa, sizodabwitsa kuti alimi a tsekwe ali ndi chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza mtunduwu ndipo nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira atsekwe ngati mbalame zokha. Koma musaiwale kuti chilengedwe chimapereka mndandanda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya atsekwe omwe amadziwika bwino mu malo osaka. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa atsekwe.

Atsekwe athengo amtunduwu ndi amodzi mwa oimira kwambiri pakati pa abale awo. Amayenda, modzikweza ndikukweza mutu wakuda, mosiyana ndi matchuthi oyera oyera pamasaya ndi mbali ya pakhosi. Nthenga zoyera ndi chikopa chodalirika komanso ziwalo zowoneka bwino kwambiri zokhala ndi tsekwe: m'mimba ndi kutsikira.

Pamwamba pamimba, pachifuwa ndi m'mbali mwa Goose wa ku Canada amapaka utoto wamtundu wakuda ndi chokoleti, yemwe amathandizana ndi mafunde. Mtambo womwewo, koma wamtundu wakuda, wokhala ndi mapiko ndi mbalame zamapiko aku Canada.

Za nthenga za mchira, zimakwaniritsa mtundu wamutu ndi khosi - zimasiyana mumtambo wakuda bii. Poganizira izi, wina akhoza kunena kuti tsekwe zaku Canada ndi zakuda kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira, koma izi ndizolakwika pang'ono.

Anapiye aku Canada ndi okongola kwambiri: tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta chikasu.

Ponena za moyo wamtundu wamtchire wamtchirewu, iwo amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe, maris, pomwe amakhala bwino kwambiri pamtunda komanso pamadzi.

Werengani komanso: Goose mafuta mankhwala ndi contraindication

Tikupangira kuwerenga: Kufotokozera kwa Belarus-082 mini-thirakitara. Makhalidwe aumisili. Zosintha MTZ-082 ndi kusiyana kwawo. Magawo a ntchito paulimi.

Pankhani ya chakudyacho, titha kunena kuti atsekwe awa makamaka ndi herbivores ndipo amadya zomwe zimapezeka m'malo ozungulira. Koma, samasangalalanso kukadya nsombazo kapena tizilombo touluka.

Mitundu ya mbalameyi ndiyosowa, chifukwa chake imayang'aniridwa mosamala.

Mu mtundu wamtunduwu pali mazira 9.

Zochita zingapo

Goose waku Canada ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi oimira mitundu ina yamtchire:

1. Anapiye a Goose amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo kuyambira paubwana amasinthidwa kuti akhale ndi moyo, chifukwa amatha kuyenda mofulumira ndikusambira.
2. Atsekwe a ku Canada ali ndi mawonekedwe abata, amawonetsa mkwiyo nthawi yanthawi yamasewera matching ndikusunga chisa.
3. Akazi angapo akakuluka mu gulu limodzi la anapiye, zisa zawo zimakhala patali kwambiri.
4. Pazakudya la atsekwe, amadyera ambiri, motero amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe.
5. Zikuwuluka nyengo yachisanu, mbalame zimatha kuyenda mgulu limodzi.

Akatswiri a zamankhwala amati amuna ndi akazi amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ngati mungamve kuyankhulana kwa aku Canada padziko lapansi. Komanso chodabwitsa cha atsekwe atsekwe ndikuti iwo amawuluka moipa kwambiri kuposa oyimira mafoni ena am'madzi. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti azisambira kapena kuyenda pamtunda.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mbalame ya Goose ofanana kwambiri ndi atsekwe. Amasiyana pakakulidwe kakang'ono ndi mtundu wowala wa nthenga. Makhalidwe akunja amapanga tsekwe zofanana ndi abakha. Zofanana sizimachitika mwangozi: mbalameyo ndi ya banja la bakha la dongosolo la Anseriformes.

Thupi la atsekwe pafupifupi limafikira pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mbalame zimalemera osaposa 8 kg. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Mtundu wakuda ndi wazungu womwe umatchulidwa kwambiri phale lautoto la nthenga za mbalame. Mzere wowala kuzungulira pakhosi umawerengedwa kuti ndi choyambirira mu tsekwe lililonse, mwa mitundu yakuda yokha yomwe imawoneka pambuyo pake, zaka ziwiri pambuyo pobadwa.

Khosi la tsekwe ndi lalifupi kwambiri kuposa la atsekwe. Maso ndi akuda, amaoneka osiyana ndi mbiri yakale. Mlomo ndi wocheperako kuposa average ndikuk kukhazikika, chivundikiro chake ndi chakuda, ziribe kanthu kuti mbalameyo ndi yamtundu wanji. Yaimuna imakhalanso ndi mphuno ndi khosi lotchulidwa kuposa zazikazi. Miyendo ya tsekwe zonse ndi yakuda, khungu lawo ndilopepuka.

Bweretsani chithunzi mu maensaikulopediya nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pakusiyanasiyana kwamitundu mitundu. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'chilengedwe muli mitundu ingapo ya mbalamezi, ndipo onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana.

Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya tsekwe mdziko lapansi:

• wamasamba-oyera
• zakuda
• Wodulidwa khosi
• Waku Canada
• wam'ng'ono waku Canada
• Waku Hawaii.

Amasiyana wina ndi mnzake kapangidwe ka thupi, malo ogawikirako, mafotokozedwe a mawonekedwe. Komabe, ngakhale atakhala amtundu wanji, mbalame sizikhala zokhazokha ndipo nthawi zonse zimasonkhana pagulu.

Tsekwe loyera-loyera

Amasiyana ndi achibale ena pakhungu. Thupi lakumaso ndi lakuda ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi loyera. Kuchokera kutali, kusiyana kwa chivundikiro chapamwamba ndikuwoneka bwino, komwe kumathandizira kutsimikiza kwa mitunduyo.

Tsekwe loyera-loyera pafupifupi, ali ndi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri. Mutu ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa tsekwe wakuda. Gawo lakumunsi la mmero, muzzle, nape ndi pamphumi zili ndi zowuluka zambiri zoyera.

Mbalameyo imasambira ndikuyamba kusambira bwino, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti asamavutike kupeza chakudya. Hardy, amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Ngakhale izi, atsekwe amathamanga mwachangu. Izi zitha kupulumutsa moyo wake, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi amathawa ngozi.

Atsekwe oyera-okhala ndi zoyera amakhala kwambiri m'maiko a Scandinavia komanso m'madera a m'mphepete mwa chilumba cha Greenland. Amapanga zisa m'malo a mapiri okha, okhala ndi malo otsetsereka kwambiri, otsetsereka ndi m'matanthwe.

Tsekwe wakuda

Khalani ndi kufanana kwambiri ndi atsekwe. Ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi miyeso yofatsa. Nyama imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chivundikiro chakuda cha thupi, chomwe chimayenda kwambiri mkati mwa thupi. Mphuno ndi maondo zilinso zakuda.

Tsekwe wakuda imakhala ndi chidaliro m'madzi, koma osakhoza kulowa. Kuti adye chakudya pansi pamadzi, amatembenuka ndi thupi lake lonse, monga abakha amachita. Monga abale awo, atsekwe oyera wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera, amayenda mozungulira m'derali.

Mitundu yosagwira kwambiri chisanu. Amakhala kumayiko okhala ku Arctic Ocean, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja zonse za Arctic. Atsogoleri atsekwe akuda am'madera a m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mipata pafupi ndi mitsinje. Sankhani malo okhala ndi udzu wamasamba.

Canada tsekwe

Mmodzi wa akulu kwambiri pakati pa abale awo. Zolemera zimatha kufika kilogalamu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu, ali ndi mapiko ochititsa chidwi pafupifupi mpaka mainchesi awiri. Thupi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya imvi, nthawi zina, mawonekedwe amtundu wamtambo wakuda amatha kupezeka.

Thupi lakumtambo ndi lamtambo-lamtambo. Nthawi yotentha, dzuwa limawala. Canada tsekwe anakonda maiko akumpoto kwa America. Kugawidwa ku Alaska ndi Canada, komanso kumayiko oyandikana ndi zisumbu za Canada Arctic.

Little Canada Goose

Nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi tsekwe yaku Canada. Mutha kusiyanitsa kukula ndi kusiyana kwakung'ono pamitundu yambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi 0.7 metres. Kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kufikira ma kilogalamu atatu okha. Mutu, mulomo, khosi, kumbuyo ndi miyendo zakuda. Pali madera oyera pafupi mphepete mwa muzzle. Pakhosi panu pali "kolala" yaziziwongola.

Pokhala moyo, mbalameyi imasankha mitengo, nkhalango za tundra, momwe muli masamba ambiri monga mahlahla ndi mitengo. M'nthawi yozizira, chimakhala m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'madambo. Habitat ngati Goose waku Canada. Amatha kupezeka kumadera akum'mawa kwa Siberia. M'nyengo yozizira, amafika kum'mwera kwa USA ndi Mexico.

Hawaiian tsekwe

Miyeso ya mbalameyo si yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 0.65 mita, kulemera kwa thupi ndi kilogalamu ziwiri. Utoto wa cholembera nthawi zambiri imvi komanso bulauni, wokhala ndi mizere yoyera ndi yakuda m'mbali zake. Kupukutira, nape, mphuno, miyendo ndi gawo lakum'mero ​​ndi lakuda. Amangodya zamasamba ndi zipatso. Pafupifupi palibe chakudya chomwe chimapezeka m'madzi.

Tsekwe waku Hawaii amapezeka pang'ono zachilengedwe, adatha kuthawa mozizwitsa kuti asatheretu. Mbalameyi imangokhala kuzilumba za Hawaii ndi Maui. Viet zisa pamtunda wamiyala yamapiri ophulika.

Imatha kukwera pamtunda kwa mamita 2000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Mitundu yokhayokha yomwe siyifunika kuuluka nthawi yozizira. Amasintha malo okhalamo, pokhapokha nthawi ya chilimwe, amasuntha pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.

Moyo & Habitat

Atsekwe amafunafuna malo okhala m'malo okwezeka komanso kumapiri pafupi ndi mitsinje. Atsekwe, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi nyanja, amasankha gombe lomwe lili ndi dothi lonyowa. Malo osungira zisalemo amasankhidwa ndi kampani yakale, chaka chilichonse m'malo amodzi.

Nthawi zina manambala amapaki amatha kufika pa anthu 120. Makampani akuluakulu otere nthawi zambiri amapangidwa nthawi yopanga. Munthawi imeneyi sangathe kuwuluka kuti adziteteze ku zoopsa ndi adani, amakakamizidwa kupanga magulu akulu. Nthawi zambiri gulu la nkhosalo silimasakanikirana ndi ena oimira mabanja abakha ndi ma subspecies.

Mbalame zizikhala ndi malo abwino komanso otetezeka kuti akazi azitha kubereka ana abwino. Nesting imachitika nthawi yachilimwe. Pakadali pano, pali masamba ambiri abwino okhala ndi chakudya komanso madzi abwino akumwa.

Mbalame zikafuna chakudya, zimalankhula, mokweza mawu mosakhalitsa. Gogot amafanana ndi galu wolira. Atsekwe ali ndi mawu okweza kwambiri omwe amatha kumveka ngakhale patali.

Mbalame zimagwira ntchito masana. Ngakhale tsekwe amakhala pamtunda, amatha nthawi yambiri m'malo oyamba. Atsekwe amatha kugona usiku pamadzi. Nthawi zina amagona pamtunda pamalo omwe amadyetsa masana. Pakati pa tsiku, mukudyetsa, mbalame zimakonda kupuma ndikupuma kumadzi apafupi.

Choopsa chachikulu cha tsekwe mu nyama zamtchire chimachokera ku nkhandwe za ku arctic. Amakumana ndi zisa ndikukokera nawo anapiye ang'onoang'ono nawo. Nthawi zina nkhandwe zam'madzi zimatha kugwira mbalame zazikulu. Goose amapulumutsidwa kwa wolakwira osati ndikuwuluka, koma kuthawa. Atsekwe ndi othamanga abwino kwambiri, izi zimawapulumutsa.

Wina wolakwira atsekwe ndi mlenje. Mpaka posachedwa, atsekwe anali akusakidwa kosatha. Adamwalira pokhapokha nyama itakhala pachiwopsezo. Tsopano Goose m'buku lofiira amatenga imodzi mwamagawo osangalatsa kwambiri.

Mitundu ina ndiyosowa kwambiri kotero kuti kutha kwawo kwathunthu kuli kotheka. Atsekwe nawonso amachita mosiyanasiyana munthu akabwera.

Amatha kuzitsekera okha, ena amakulolani kuti muchigwire. Koma nthawi zambiri, amathawa msanga kapena kuyamba, ndikung'ung'udza kwina konse, kuti amveke mofuula ndi kufuula mokhumudwa.

Nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumapeto kwanthawi yachisanu mpaka chisanu choyamba chitalowa. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mbalame zamtendere, ndipo zimangoyenda m'magulu akulu, kuphatikiza mbalame za mibadwo yonse.

Pokonzekera kupita kumalo otentha, tsatirani madera akumphepete mwa nyanja, kupewa njira yachidule. Ngakhale mutati muwuluke kwa nthawi yayitali, musasinthe njira yanu. Pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje ndikosavuta kupeza chakudya ndikuyimitsa tchuthi, chifukwa tsekwe - tsekwe, ndipo amathera theka la moyo wake m'madzi.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Ukalamba wogonana umachitika pazaka 3, 4 kuyambira pakubadwa. Choyeratsekwe amabwera kwa iye mu biennium yake. Mabanja amakonzedwa m'malo osamukirako nthawi yachisanu. Mwambo waukwati umachitika mokondweretsa, amalira mofuula m'madzi. Wamphongo, pofuna kukopa chidwi cha mkaziyo, amapeza njira zina. Pambuyo pa kukwatirana, amayamba kufuula kwambiri, natambasula makosi awo, ndikufinya mchira wawo ndikutambasuka mapiko awo.

Maanja nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otsetsereka kapena m'miyala kuti adziteteze ndi ana awo kwa adani kapena zowopsa zina. Chifukwa chake, amayesa kusankha malo ovuta kufikirako komanso otetezedwa pafupi ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Amachita izi kuti apitirize kudziteteza ku nkhandwe za arctic, omwe amawopa abuluzi wa peregrine ndi nkhandwe zazikulu.

Zisa za Goose zimamangidwa akangopeza malo okhalamo. Amakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 20-25 masentimita, ndipo akuya masentimita 5 mpaka 9. Nthanthi zakutchire sizili zofanana. Choyamba amapeza kapena amapanga bowo pansi potsetsereka. Kenako amaphira pansi ndi udzu wouma, mapesi a tirigu ndi dothi lakuya lomwe mayi wokhwima amatulutsidwa m'mimba mwake.

Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi, ikagona, mbalame imapereka mazira 6. Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri chomwe tsekwe wamkazi angapatsidwe ndi mazira atatu, okwera ndi mazira 9. Goose mazira amtundu wa beige, okhala ndi zidutswa zowoneka bwino.

Pamasiku 2326 otsatira, iye amasaka mazira. Wamphongo amakhala pafupi nthawi zonse, akumuteteza. Tsitsi limayamba kumenyedwa ndi mazira, nyama zikamayamba. Ngati Atsekwe amakhala m'chilengedwe, nthawi yamoyo imatha kukhala zaka 19 mpaka 26. Adzakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 30-30.

Khalidwe la Goose ndi moyo wawo

Zipilala, mosasamala za mitundu, zimakhala mbalame zamtendere ndipo zimakonda kukhala pagulu. Pamodzi, mbalame zimayenda pandege kupita kumalo osungira nyengo yachisanu ndipo mosemphanitsa, zimapangidwa kuti zisungunuke ndipo siziphatikizana ndi mitundu ina ya atsekwe ndi abakha. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala abwinobwino kuposa akazi.

Nthawi yosenda ya atsekwe imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yakuuluka, chifukwa chake, kuti adziteteze kwa anzeru osiyanasiyana, mbalame zimayenera kuyika magulu m'magulu akulu. Adani akuluakulu a atsekwe pa chisa ndi asaka ndi nkhandwe za arctic, zomwe zimawononga zisa ndi kugwira anapiye ndi akulu onse. Mbalame nthawi zambiri imathawa kwa olakwira mwakuthamanga, pomwe, sizoyipa.

Mukamadyetsa, mbalame zimasimbidwa nthawi zonse, kulankhulana. Liwu lawo limakhala lofuula kwambiri ndipo limamveka bwino kwambiri kuchokera kutali. Chimawoneka ngati kukhosomola kapena kubayira kwa galu. Red Goose, monga mitundu ina, zisa chaka ndi chaka m'malo amodzi m'malo omwe anthu awiriawiri ndi theka amasonkhana nthawi yomweyo.

Kuyang'anira Goose

Kufunafuna tsekwe wakuda, wokhala ndi khosi komanso loyera kwamabele masiku ano kuli koletsedwa. Anthu okhala kudera la Russian Federation, panthawi ina, adavutika kwambiri pakukonzekera kufufuzidwa kwa mafuta ndi gasi.

Popeza mbalamezi ndizosavuta kutulutsa, izi sizinapindule nazo, komanso zinali pafupi kuti ziwonongedwe chifukwa chofuna kupha anthu ambiri osaka ndi osaka. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, njira yosavuta kuwona Goose mu chithunzi kapena pitani kumalo ena osungira nyama komwe mbalamezi zimayimiriridwa.

Ecology ndi kusunga

Mu Buku Lofiyira Padziko Lonse, Goose wokhala ndi mabere ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chakutha kwathunthu (mtundu EN) Udindowu udapatsidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame m'zaka zachiwiri za zana la 20: m'zaka 20 zokha kuchokera pakati pa 1950s mpaka pakati pa 1970s, zidatsika kuchoka pa 50,000 mpaka 22-27,000 okhwima okhwima, ndiye kuti 40% Mpaka pano, idakhazikika mwanjira inayake ndipo akuyerekeza kuti ndi anthu ngati 37,000 okhwima.

Zina mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchera kwa kuchuluka kwa atsekwe, okhala ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe komanso anthropogenic, zimatchulidwa. M'magawo achi Russia, chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu ndikutukuka kwa mafakitale ku Russia North, kuphatikizapo kukonza magawo a mafuta ndi gasi, kulimbitsa mphamvu ya usodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma seaplanes, maboti amoto ndi zida zina.Mabuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa nkhawa kumapeto kwa ma 1980 kunali ndi phindu pa chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame. Chinanso chofunikira chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomangamanga zachitukuko komanso chitukuko cha zokopa alendo m'malo osamba nthawi yachisanu ndi chisangalalo panthawi yosamukira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka kwakukulu pazikhalidwe za ma biotopes, ndipo nthawi zina kutha kwawo. Izi zidathandizidwanso ndikugawanidwanso kwa malo ofesedwa kuyambira tirigu kupita kwina, phindu lochuluka, mbewu za chimanga ndi mphamvu, komanso kuchotsa kwa nthaka pakugawa. Kwa nthawi yayitali, tsekwe zouluka zimavutika ndi ozizira, makamaka chifukwa chodziwika bwino ndi kupezeka kwa munthu poyerekeza ndi atsekwe ndi abakha ambiri. Panthaŵi inayake, kugwira atsekwe kuti atolere malo osungirako nyama kunkachitikanso, zomwe zinkawonongeranso kukula kwa chiwerengero chawo.

Zambiri mwazomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa sizikugwirizana ndi zochita za anthu kapena ubale uwu umakhala pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma lemmings m'mbuyomu kunakhudzanso kudya kwa nkhandwe za arctic, kubwezeretsa kusowa kwawo chifukwa cha zisa za mbalame, kuphatikizapo zisa za atsekwe ofiira. Ndi zowonongeka zazikuluzikulu zamiyendo inayi, kuchepa kwa mitundu ya abulu a peregrine kumodzi, komwe pafupi atsekwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala. Mtsogolomo, kutentha kwanyengo padziko lonse kumatha kukhudza kwambiri moyo wa mitundu yambiri yakumpoto: Kusintha kwa makompyuta kumawonetsa kuchepa kwa 67 peresenti ya malo a tundra pofika 2070.

Kuphatikiza pa Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural, a Goose Goose amatetezedwa ndi mgwirizano wamayiko ambiri, makamaka, amaphatikizidwa ndi Appendix II ya CITES Convention (ntchito yoletsa), Zowonjezera II za msonkhano wa Bonn, Appendix II ya Berne Convention, European Red orodha. Mu Red Book of Russia, tsekwe ali ndi mtundu wa mtundu wosowa (gulu lachitatu). Ena mwa magawo azikhalidwe zogona ndi malo achisangalalo ali mkati mwa malire oteteza chilengedwe: Taimyr Natural Reserve, Purinsky, Kunovatsky, Elizarovsky, Belozersky ndi Manych-Gudilo reservical resort, ndi malo ena ofunika kwakwanuko.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Goose Goose

Branta ruficollis (Goose wofiyira-khosi) ndi mbalame yokhala mu dongosolo la Anseriformes, Bakha la banja, genus Goose. Dongosolo la Anseriformes, komwe atsekwe ali, ndi akale kwambiri. Ma Anseriformes oyamba adakhala dzikolo kumapeto kwa Cretaceous kapena kumayambiriro kwa Paleocene wa nthawi ya Cenozoic.

Zinthu zakale kwambiri zakale kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku America, ku New Jersey ndi zaka pafupifupi 50 miliyoni. Zomwe mbalame yakale zimayitanidwa ndi Anseriformes zimadziwika ndi mapiko a mbalame. Kugawidwa kwa mbalame za Anseriform padziko lonse lapansi kumayamba ndi dziko limodzi kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, patapita nthawi, mbalame zinayamba kupanga madera atsopano. Mtundu wa Branta ruficollis adalongosoledwa koyamba ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe waku Germany a Peter Simon Pallas mu 1769.

Kodi Goose wokhala ndi mabere amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Goose Goose ku Russia

Malo atsekwe wofiira kwambiri ndi ochepa. Mbalame zimakhala mu tundra kuchokera ku Yamal Peninsula kupita ku Khatanga Bay ndi Popigai River Valley. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumakhala pachilumba cha Taimyr ndipo kumakhala mitsinje ya Upper Taimyr ndi Pyasan. Komanso, mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka pagawo laling'ono la Mtsinje wa Yuribey pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Yaroto.

Monga mbalame zonse zosamukasamuka, atsekwe ofiira, amapita kumalo otentha nyengo yachisanu. Mbalame zimakonda nyengo yozizira kumadzulo kwa Black Sea ndi Danube. Pofika nyengo yachisanu, mbalame zimawuluka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Akatswiri a zamankhwala anaphunzira mpaka njira za kusamukira kwa mbalamezi. Panthawi yosamukira, mbalame zimawulukira kumtunda wa Ural m'chigwa cha mitsinje yapafupi, kenako mbalame, zikafika ku Kazakhstan, zimatembenukira chakumadzulo, zikuwuluka kumeneko, pamwamba pa mapiri ndi mapiri, malo otsika a Caspian amawuluka ku Ukraine ndikupitilira nyengo yachisanu m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Danube.

Panthawi yosamukira, mbalame zimayima kuti zipume komanso kuti zizipeza mphamvu. Gulu la nkhosalo limayima pafupi ndi Arctic Circle pamalo omwe kusefukira kwa madzi a Ob, kumpoto kwa Khanty-Mansiysk, mu steppe ndi malo owotcha a Tobol kumapeto a Mtsinje wa Manych, ku Rostov ndi Stavropol. Nthawi ya nesting, mbalame zimakhala ku tundra, nkhalango-tundra m'malo opusa. Kwa moyo, sankhani malo osanja omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungirako, amatha kukhala m'matanthwe ndi m'mitsinje pafupi ndi mitsinje.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe tsekwe wofiyira mtima amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe mbalameyi idya.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Goose wamawonekedwe ofiira kuchokera ku Red Book

Mbalame zamtunduwu ndizofanana mbalame zosamukira. Kukazizira mbalame kumachitika m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda komanso ku Danube. Makamaka ku Bulgaria ndi Romania. Mbalame zimawulukira nthawi yachisanu m'masiku omaliza a Seputembara, kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu amabwerera kumalo awo okhalamo kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Mosiyana ndi atsekwe ndi mbalame zina, atsekwe posamukira siziuluka m'magulu akulu, koma amayenda m'magulu asanu kuchokera pa awiriawiri mpaka 20. Mbalame zimawulukira kumalo odyera awiriawiri amapangira nthawi yachisanu. Tsekwe-wofiirira wofiyira amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa matupi a madzi, mu steppe, m'nkhalangoyi, zigwa pafupi ndi mitsinje. Zikafika, mbalamezo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kukonzekeretsa zisa zawo.

Chosangalatsa: tsekwe za Branta ndi mbalame zanzeru zambiri, zimapanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi zisa za mbalame zazikulu zodyera monga peregrine falcon, owala kapena njoka.

Mbalame zodya nyama zimateteza chisa chawo ku zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadyako (nkhandwe za arctic, nkhandwe, mimbulu ndi ena), pomwe chisa cha atsekwe sichikadatha kufikira adani. Malo oyandikana ndi amenewo ndi njira yokhayo yolerera anapiye. Ngakhale kukhazikika pamalo otsetsereka komanso owopsa, zisa zamtchire nthawi zonse zimakhala pachiwopsezo, motero mbalame zimayesetsa kupewa ngozi ndi kupeza mnansi wabwino.

Atsekwe amagwira ntchito masana. Usiku, mbalame zimapumira pamadzi kapena zisa. Mbalame zimapeza chakudya chawo pafupi ndi chisa, kapena pafupi ndi malo osungira. M'gulu la mbalame ndizosangalatsa kucheza. Maguluwa amakonzedwa, mbalame zimakhala m'malo odyera awiriawiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimasonkhana zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri palibe mikangano pakati pa mbalame.

Mbalame zimasamala kwambiri za anthu, munthu akafuna kuyandikira chisa, chachikazi chimaloleza kulowa kenako ndikuuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, wamwamuna amamulowa, banja limazungulira pachisa, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu kuyesera kuthamangitsa munthu. Nthawi zina atsekwe amaphunzira za momwe zimakhalira ndi adani kapena munthu asanadziwitsidwe amadziwitsidwa izi ndi wolamulira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu atakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutha, mbalamezi zimayamba kusungidwa ndikukulitsidwa m'malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama. Akapolo, mbalame zimamva bwino, zimaswana bwino.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Awiri a Goose-ofanana ndi khosi

Atsekwe ofiira ofiira amafika pakatha zaka 3-4. Mbalame zimawulukira kumalo odyera ndi awiriawiri omwe amapangidwa kale, zikafika kumalo osungirako zinyama nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kumanga zisa. Chisa chimamangidwa mwakuya kwa malo otsetsereka, chodzazidwa ndi mapesi a mbewu zamphesa ndikutsukidwa ndi wosanjikiza. Kukula kwa chisa m'milimita pafupifupi 20 cm, kuya kwa chisa kuli mpaka 8 cm.

Asanadutse, mbalamezo zimakhala ndimasewera osangalatsa kwambiri, mbalamezo zimasambira mozungulira, kumiza milomo yawo m'madzi, kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Asanakhwime, yamphongo imatenga khosi yokhazikika ndi mapiko otambalala ndikugwira mkaziyo. Atatha kukhwima, mbalamezo zimasula michira yawo, natambasula mapiko awo kumbali ndikutambasulira makosi awo aatali, amphamvu, ndikumaphulika ndi nyimbo yawo yachilendo.

Pakapita kanthawi, zazikazi zimayikira mazira anayi mpaka 9 a mtundu woyera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati masiku 25, njirayi imalowetsa mazira, pomwe yamphongo nthawi zonse imakhala pafupi, imateteza banja ndikubweretsa chakudya chachikazi. Nthochi zimabadwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, pomwe amphaka amayamba kuoneka, makolo amayamba kuluma, ndipo makolo amalephera kuwuluka kwakanthawi, choncho banja lonse limakhala pamtunda kuyesera kubisala m'nthambi zazitali za udzu.

Nthawi zambiri ana ochokera kwa makolo osiyanasiyana amalumikizana, akumayenda pagulu lalikulu lomwe limatetezedwa ndi mbalame zazikulu. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ana aang'ono amayamba kuwuluka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ana amawuluka ndi mbalame zina kukazizira nthawi yachisanu.

Adani achilengedwe a Goose-wofunda khosi

Chithunzi: Goose Goose pamadzi

Atsekwe ofiira omwe ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo, ndipo popanda kuteteza mbalame zamphamvu zolusa, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zotsalazo zizipulumuka.

Adani achilengedwe a mbalamezi ndi:

Atsekwe akhungu ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuziteteza. Ngati mbalame zazikulu zimatha kuthamanga ndikuuluka, ana ang'ono sangathe kudziteteza okha. Komanso, mbalame zachikulire pakasungunuka zimakhala zosatetezeka kwambiri, zimalephera kuuluka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yakudya, mbalame zimayesetsa nthawi zonse kukhala pansi pa chida cha nyama zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mbewa, zomwe, poteteza chisa chake, zimateteza ana a tsekwe.

Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kowoneka bwino, mbalame sizitha kubisala bwino, nthawi zambiri chisa chomwe chimakhala pamenepo chimawoneka kutali, koma sichosavuta. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimachenjezedwa za ngozi nthawi yayitali mdani asanafike, ndipo zimatha kuwuluka ndikuyenda ndi kutengera ana ake kumalo otetezeka.

Komabe, mdani wamkulu wa atsekwe akadali munthu ndi zochita zake. Ngakhale kuti kusaka atsekwe a mtunduwu ndizoletsedwa, palibe amene amaganizira kuchuluka kwa omwe adapha mzaka chaka chimodzi. M'mbuyomu, kusaka mbalamezi zikavomerezedwa, atsekwe anali atangotsala pang'onong'ono pomwe kuwasaka. Chinanso choyipa chinali kupezeka kwa malo okhala mbalame ndi anthu. Kupanga kumalo osungira mafuta ndi gasi, kupanga zomanga ndi zomanga.

Alonda a chifuwa chofiira

Chithunzi: Goose wamawonekedwe ofiira kuchokera ku Red Book

Zochita za anthu nthawi imodzi zinatsala pang'ono kuwononga chiwerengero cha tsekwe zofiira, ndikuthandizanso kupulumutsa mbalamezi kuti zisawonongedwe kwathunthu. Ntchito yoletsa kusaka, kugwira ndi kugulitsa mbalame idayambitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kunayamba kuchuluka pang'onopang'ono. Kuyambira 1926, akatswiri azachipatala anayamba kubereka mbalamezi mu ukapolo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zidayamba kukhala mbalame za mbalame zabwinozi mu nazale yotchuka ya Trest, yomwe ili ku England. Mbadwa zoyambirira za mbalame zamtunduwu m'dziko lathu zidapezeka koyamba ku Moscow Zoo mu 1959. Masiku ano, mbalame zimatha kubereka bwino ku malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, pambuyo pake akatswiri a m'magazi amasinthana anapiye kuthengo, ndikuwamasula kumalo awo achilengedwe.

M'malo okhalamo mbalamezi, malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe adapangira komwe mbalame zimatha kukhala mwakachetechete ndikulera ana. Kumalo osungira mbalame nthawi yachisanu, malo oteteza zachilengedwe amakonzedweranso. Chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame chimayang'aniridwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka, njira zosamukasamuka, mkhalidwe wamoyo wa mbalame m'malo okhala nesting ndi nyengo yachisanu amawongoleredwa ndi ornithologists.

Kuti tisunge kuchuluka kwa mbalame, tonse tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndikuyesetsa kuti tisadetse zachilengedwe. Kupanga malo othandizira othandizira kuti mafakitala opanga asagwere m'madzi ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe. Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ena. Yesani kubwezeretsanso zinthu zosafunika ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pokonzanso. Njira izi sizingothandizanso kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa goose, komanso zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta pazinthu zonse zamoyo.

Goose Goose mbalame yokongola modabwitsa. Ndiwanzeru kwambiri, ali ndi njira zawo zopulumutsira kuthengo, komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe njira zodzitetezera zilibe mphamvu monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kuba komanso kuwonekera kwa anthu m'malo okhala mbalame. Anthu amatha kuteteza atsekwe ofiira, ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, tizichita izi kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.