Maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe. Kukula ndi Kuwonjezera ndi ofanana ndi mpheta. Ndizosiyana ndi zovala zathu zabwino zambiri zomwe timakhala nazo pafupi ndi thupi. Mlomo m'malo lalifupi, kutupa. Mchira ndi yochepa, chimodzi-mtundu, ndi osaya mphako. Kutalika kwa thupi 13-18 masentimita, mapiko masentimita 24-27, kulemera kwa 16-26 g. Kuuluka kuthamanga, mwachangu. Pa chimachititsanso pansi leaps yaing'ono. Dexterously molimba linkakhala mu korona wandiweyani matchire ndi mitengo, kusunthira onse mothandizidwa ndi kudumpha, ndi kudutsa yoteroyo pamodzi ndi nthambi. Pamtengowu wonse, sugwira ntchito, ndipo ngakhale kuyimba mwamunayo sichovuta kuzindikira.

Kufotokozera. The mwamuna wokalamba ali ndi red-kapezi kapena ofiira ngati magazi mutu, chifuwa, ndi misomali; bulauni kumbuyo mapiko ndi nthenga mchira ndi kum'chitira utoto. The tinsalu ndi gawo zapambuyo wa tartar ndi wofiira. Pansanja, utoto wofiyira kuchokera pachifuwa kupita pa ma underwear, maovala chovala chamkati chimakhala chofiirira, nthawi zina ndimakhala ndimtambo wapinki. Axillary ndi mapiko coverts m'munsi ndi imvi kapena yochitidwa-imvi. Nthenga ndi nthenga mchira ndi zofiirira ndi yopapatiza malire pabuka-bulauni wa webs kunja, pa nthenga sekondale wotsiriza wa nthenga, kumalire ndi onse ndi paler, ndi yochitidwa-pinki hue. Nthenga zakumapeto zoduka zimakhala zofiirira zokhala ndi nsonga zofiira kapena zofiirira. malankhulidwe Red amuna ndi maximally akuwonetseredwa yekha m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo.

Akazi ndi amuna wina wazaka ndi imvi bulauni ndi azitona kulocha chonse mtundu. Dera lumbar ndi overshoot ndi bulauni wa azitona. kumtunda kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo mizere kotenga wa milozo mdima sawona bwinobwino. Pansi ndi grayish-woyera, pakhosi ndi chifuwa ndi kukomoka ndi buffy wokutira ndi zimalepheretsa milozo imvi, nthawi zina akupezekanso m'mbali pamimba. Nthenga ndi nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi malire a maolivi akunja. Nthenga chapamwamba kuphimba wa mapiko ndi zofiirira, ndi opepuka malire yochitidwa mmphepete. Mlomo, miyendo ndi zikhadabo za mbalame wamkulu ndi brownish.

Mbalame zachinyamata mu chovala chovala chofanana ndi chachikazi, koma zimasiyana pamaso pa mizu yayitali yakuda patali mbali zam'mwambamwamba ndi zam'munsi za thupi, zokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wachikuda kumapiri kwa mapiko. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi opepuka, thupi bulauni. Ndi anthu ambiri a ena mbalame yaing'ono finch, zosiyana makamaka mtundu umodzi wa mchira ndi mapiko, komanso pakalibe malankhulidwe chikasu mtundu wa nthenga ndi. Amuna okalamba amakhala otsimikiza mosakhazikika chifukwa cha mutu wawo wofiyira komanso chifuwa.

voti. Nyimbo ndi chete twitter, pa mapeto wenzulo mokweza "wi chiu"Ndi" interrogative "intonation. bondo ili nthawi zambiri zoperekedwa ndi mawu "Vitya-anaona?". Kuitana - "chuii», «wopera", Zogwiritsa ntchito"tyuv».

Kufalitsa .Umo. Malo ogawikirawa amatenga mbali zambiri za Eurasia kuyambira Central Europe kupita ku Anadyr Valley, Koryak Highlands, Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin. Kum'mwera zimafalikira kwa Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, kumpoto Iran, ndi Pamir-Altai, HimalayasI ndi mapiri a kum'mwera kwa China. Ambiri a European Russia, wamba kuswana mitundu ataliatali. Nyengo makamaka ku India.

mOYO. Amauluka kwa malo kukaikira mazira mu May, pamene masamba limamasula. Zitsamba zopezeka m'mitsinje ya kusefukira kwamadzi, m'malo otsetsereka, malo opanda kanthu, komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Zisa pa tchire ndi mitengo, kumakhala pamwamba pansi. Chisa ndi chikho mphako lotayirira dongosolo yopangidwa kuchokera ku udzu, thireyi wodzaza ndi n'kakang'ono masamba udzu, nthawi zina kavalo tsitsi. Mu clutch pali mazira 3-6 amtundu wowala wabuluu kapena wobiriwira wamtambo, wokhala ndi madontho akuda kapena amtundu wakuda kumapeto, komanso imvi, ofiira komanso ofiira. Anapiye okutidwa ndi wandiweyani mdima imvi pansi.

Pafupifupi mwathunthu zamiyendo Inayi, chakudya pa zosiyanasiyana mbewu, makamaka zitsamba, kuwonjezera, kudya masamba, masamba, mazira ndi masamba achinyamata. Pocheperako, idyani tizilombo. Kunyamuka ochokera m'madera kuswana kumayambira m'ma July, ndi ku August pali kusamuka chachikulu. Kumwera kwa dera, belated mbalame angayambe mpaka m'ma September.

Moyo, zakudya, kubereka

Mphodza kubwerera mochedwa kuchokera konsekonse ofunda: oyambirira May, pamene amadyera awonekere mitengo. Awa ndi mbalame monogamous, amene pasanapite nthawi kuyamba chisa. Amuna amateteza gawo lawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenyana ndi anthu ena. A wamkazi imangira chisa mamita angapo kuchoka pansi. chisa mbalame pali udzu, udzu, mizu, Moss. Mu clutch imodzi - mazira 4-5, pakatha milungu iwiri, anapiye amabadwa. Bakha kudyetsa ana. Choona chidwi ndi mphodza kuimba ndi kulankhula kwambiri pa nthawi kukaikira mazira, ena nthawi ali mbalame chete ndi bata.

chithunzi: Lenti - mbalame zaku mtunda

Mungathe kusunga mphodza mu khola kapena aviary, poyamba mbalame mantha kwambiri, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba khola ndi nsalu kuwala. Masana maola - maola osachepera 10. Monga chakudya, mutha kupatsa mbalame njere chakudya, udzu ndi nthangala za mitengo, zipatso (makamaka ngati mlombwa, hawthorn, chitumbuwa cha mbalame), masamba osankhidwa bwino, zitsamba, zipatso, muyenera kumamwa madzi nthawi zonse.

photo: Monga ulamuliro, mphodza kuyimba kokha pa nyengo mating

Chidwi Akumaonera mphodza

• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikhala nokha kapena awiriawiri, mbalamezi sizikusakazana, chifukwa chake zimatha kutsutsana ndi mitundu ina,
• The vuto ukapolo ndi mbalame timakhala kwambiri molting. Ngati inu kunyamula chakudya cholakwika, mphodza adzayamba kusiya nthenga ndi dazi, ndipo ndi nthenga latsopano akhoza kukula kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, malenti amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, simungathe kuwathetsa,
• Oimira mitundu ndi mokweza ndi melodic kuimba, alternating ndi twittering. Zikuoneka kuti mbalame limati: "Suntuke-Suntuke, VI Tsa", motero dzina la mtundu wa.

Tsambali lawonedwa maulendo makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi

Mphodza manambala

mphodza - osamukira. Osiyanasiyana kugawa ake ndi lonse. Awa makamaka Siberia, Central ndi ku Central Asia, ndi Eastern Europe. Kudera la USSR yakale, mbalame imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse (kupatula Transcarpathia ndi Moldova). Mphodza ali Urals, ndipo Shugor, ndi Ayenela-Tsilma. Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza mbalame m'malire a nkhalango kumpoto, mu Anadyr Gawo, Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka.

Malonda amakhala ku China, Afghanistan, Iran, ndi Caucasus. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale dera, wina angaone chiphwanya mu uthunthu wa khobwe:

• kuchokera Transcarpathia kupita ku Bessarabia m'malire a steppe Ukraine.
• Pakati pa Volga ndi Don.
• The kum'mawa kwa Tien Shan mapiri.

Makina sakhala mu:

• Central Asia (mu madera ake m'chipululu).
• Southeast Altai.
• Mongolia.

Iwo akhoza kuwuluka wautali. Ngakhale kukula kwake yaing'ono, mbalame akhoza maulendo ataliatali. Amadziwika mdera la Sweden, Malta, Holland, monga malo ozizira nthawi yachisanu, amakonda dera la India komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China. Izi chimasiyanitsa izo kwa mbalame zina, kuyambira kwenikweni izi hibernates banja m'dera lathu.

Features ndi malo

Lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus) ndi mbalame yaing'onoting'ono kuchokera ku banja labwino kwambiri, dongosolo la Passeriformes. Malingana ndi mtundu wa mphodza mbalame amakhala ku Asia, North America ndi Europe.

Asayansi kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi subspecies wa chordates awa, akuluakulu apatsidwa pansipa:

• Red-zisoti mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus cassinii) - malo a North America,

• Mbalizi mbalame (Ku Latin Carpodacus erythrinus kapena monga Carpodacus) - malo ndi kumwera kwa Europe ndi ku Asia, amasamukira kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kwa dzinja,

• Mlombwa (kapena mlombwa) mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys) - kukhazikika mu mapiri a ku Central Asia Central, anapezeka ku kumwera cha Altai. Pali mitundu itatu:

Mu chithunzi, mlombwa mphodza

• mphodza pinki (ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis) - kukhazikika mu Tien Shan mapiri, pamlingo wocheperapo mu Altai misanje, kum'mawa Afghanistan ndi HimalayasI. Pali mitundu iwiri:

1. Carpodacus rhodochlamys rhodochlamys,

2. Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis,

• Mexico Lentils (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus mexicanus kapena Haemorhous mexicanus) - Habitat ndi North America (Mexico, USA ndi kumwera kwa Canada). Pali subspecies ambiri.

• mphodza woonda-billed (ku Latin Carpodacus nipalensis),
• Ma lentelular (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus eos),
• Wokongola mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus pulcherrimus) - m'dera ndicho Himalaya,
• Red finch (ku Latin Carpodacus puniceus kapena Pyrrhospiza punicea) ndi mitundu kawirikawiri amakhala ku Central Asia mkulu mu mapiri,
• Malenti apulasitiki (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus aimureus) - amakhala kumayiko aku North America,
• Vinyo wofiira mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus vinaceus),
• Red-browed mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus rodochrous) - mbalame anasankha mapiri a Himalaya monga malo awo,
• Ma lentilo atatu-amiyala (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus trifasciatus),
• mphodza wamawangamawanga (ku Latin Carpodacus rodopeplus),
• Wotumbululuka mphodza (ku Latin Carpodacus synoicus),
• Lentil Blanford (wa ku Latin Carpodacus rubescens),
• Khobwe wa Roborovsky (ku Latin Carpodacus roborowskii kapena Carpodacus Kozlowia roborowskii) - malo - Alps Tibet (kuposa 4 zikwi mamita pamwamba pa nyanja),
• Mphodza Edwards (ku Latin Carpodacus edwardsii),
• Mabelo a ku Siberian (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus roseus) - malo okhala mapiri a taiga aku Eastern ndi Central Siberia,
• Big mphodza mbalame (Ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilla) - miyoyo madera ambiri a ku Central Asia Central, ndi Caucasus ndi Altai. Ali ndi mbiri:

1. Caucasus mphodza lalikulu (rubicilla),
2. Mongolian mphodza aakulu (kobdensis),
3. Nthano zazikulu zaku Central Asia (severtzovi),
4. diabolicus,

• mphodza Belobrovy (ku Latin Carpodacus thura),

• Alpine lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilloides) - amakhala m'mapiri atali kwambiri ngati Tibet ndi Himalayas,

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mbalame zikuuluka interspersed ndi mithunzi ofiira ndi pinki mu malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, makamaka kwa mutu, khosi ndi chifuwa. Amuna ndi nthawi motley kwambiri poyerekezera ndi akazi. Kusiyana kwamitundu ndi mitundu kumawonedwa mosavuta chithunzi zophika mbalame.

The makulidwe a zoimba izi ndi ochepa, mitundu yambiri ndi nyama ya thupi zosaposa mpheta. Mitundu yofanana ndi mphodza zazikulu ndi zam'mapiri ndi zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa abale awo m'banjamo, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika 20 cm kapena kupitirira.

Ara Chingolopiyo

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Malinga mitundu, mphodza moyo wawo m'madera inamera zitsamba ndi mitengo. Pafupipafupi, amapezeka m'mitsinje ya mitsinje yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.

Mphodza Mbalame Kuyimba kuwakantha m'makutu wa munthu ndi nyimbo zake ndi luso kwambiri kusintha intonation. Nyimbo zomwe amapanga zimatikumbutsa za "tyu-viti," "iwe-viti-saw," ndi zina zotero.

Mverani mphodza mbalame kuimba

Iwo kukhala moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kukhala pa nthambi za zitsamba ndi mitengo, potero akuthawira ogwirira kusaka izo. Adani akuluakulu a mbalamezi ndi akambuku, makoswe, amphaka ndi njoka.

Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame izi ndi maulendo ataliatali ndipo nthawi yozizira asamukire ku madera a kum'mwera kwa malo awo. Ena mitundu (makamaka mitundu ya M'madera a zitunda kum'mwera) takhazikika.

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

The mtundu wa khobwe chimagwirizanitsa mitundu 22 ya mbalame za finch banja. Onse kusiyana ndi kuimba yowala nyimbo zokoma ndi khalidwe nthenga za amuna. Ma lore amatchedwanso "mpheta zofiira", makamaka chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo. Kawirikawiri akuluakulu kulemera pafupifupi 80 ga, kutalika kwa thupi malire 18 cm, wingspan, pa pafupifupi 20-25 cm. Akazi ndi pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa amuna. Mtundu wa nthenga mu mphodza mwamuna royally wolemera: mutu wofiirira ndi khosi kuwasandutsa kuwala pinki mmbuyo ndi pamimba, ndi mapiko ndi mchira zofewa bulauni. Koma zazikazi ndi zazinyama zazing'ono zimadzitamandira kukongola kwake, koma sizingatero. Onse nthenga zawo utoto azitona ndi kulocha brownish. Male mphodza tikhale chovala awo achifumu pokhapokha molt chachiwiri.

Lentil zakudya

The zakudya waukulu zophika ndi chomera mbewu, zipatso, zipatso. Mitundu ina akhoza Komanso kudya tizilombo yaing'ono. Mailamu ambiri azakudya samatsikira pansi, koma pezani chakudya chawo mokwera.

Wonse kumwa Rossa ndipo kudzikundikira Madzi a mvula. Mu zithunzi zophika mukhoza kuwona nthawi zakudya zawo, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi mbalame izi makamaka Chenjerani rustles onse ozungulira ndi phokoso.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Mphodza zikusonyeza mbalame granivorous. M'mikhalidwe mwachilengedwe, iwo kudya mbewu za masamba a m'tchire ndi mitengo. Amakonda, mwachitsanzo, nthangala za dandelion. Iwo kubala zipatso, zina tizilombo. Kunyumba, kudya si chabe, koma amakonda kudya ndi, monga Motero, kunenepa kwambiri.

Kufalikira mu chilengedwe

Species zophika zili ponseponse kwambiri M'madera a zitunda zonse Europe ndi ku Asia. Komanso, mbalame opezeka mu North America. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo osungira chisa chake ndi malo otseguka: ma mayadhi ndi nkhalango zowala zopezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mbalame zambiri amabisa m'nkhalango si wandiweyani, kumene melodic limaonetseratu kuimba ake amveka.

Kubereka ndi moyo wautali

Kupatula mitundu ina, mphodza ndi mbalame imodzi ndi awiriawiri pokhapokha ngati nthawi yodzala. Mu nyengo mating, amuna mphodza mbalame mawu Bweretsani zazikazi.

Akazi kusankha mwamuna mtundu. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi amuna ndi nthenga yowala ndi zokongola. Akakhwima, wamkazi amaikira mazira pachisa, chomwe amakonzekereratu pasadakhale panthambi za chitsamba.

Kawirikawiri mazira 3-5 mu zowalamulira. Only yaikazi ndi chinkhoswe mu kuswa, pa nthawi iyi mwamuna wotanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya kwa anthu onse. Nkhuku zimabwadamuka tsiku la 15 mpaka 20 ndipo zimakhalanso milungu ina iwiri motsatana ndi makolo awo, pambuyo pake zimawuluka ndikuyamba kudzidalira.

The moyo amayembekezeka mphodza amadalira kwambiri pa mitundu ndi angafikire zaka 10-12. Pafupifupi mbalame izi moyo zaka 7-8.

Zojambula Zambiri Zisanu

Mphodza ndi mmene nomad mbalame. Mu August-September, iye ntchentche ku M'madera a zitunda kumpoto kwa zigawo kum'mwera kwa Asia. Nthawi zonse amawuluka kudutsa ku Siberia, ndikupanga zozungulira, ndikubwerera momwemo. N'chifukwa chake m'chaka, mphodza kuoneka kuyandikira kwa May yekha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba chisa.

Species zosiyanasiyana

Pazonse, mtundu wa lenti umaphatikizapo mitundu 22.

Species zophika ndi zina zikuuluka, koma choyamba, iwo amasiyana malo awo. Ambiri a iwo okhala m'madera osiyanasiyana ku Asia. Koma pali zosiyana. Choncho, mphodza wamba ndi laZimbabwe a ku Ulaya. mphodza Mexico zimapezeka North America.

Juniper mphodza

Ndi ambiri Kazakhstan, mtundu wa mwamuna wolemekezeka ndi kudzikondweretsa pinki hue ndi mawanga siliva imvi pa masaya ndi mphumi. Nthenga za akazi ndi amuna achinyamata woderapo ndi kumalire woyera. Ma lens a juniper ndiakulu kuposa mphodza wamba ndipo amakhala ndi mchira wautali.

Mphodza Big

mphodza Large, molingana ndi dzina lawo, ndi lalikulu kuposa abale awo: thupi kutalika kwa mbalame ndi 20 cm kapena zambiri, phiko m'litali ndi 10 cm Ndiko kuti, ngati mphodza wamba chabe zikuluzikulu pang'ono kuposa mpheta, ndiye mphodza lalikulu akufanana ndi thrush kapena starling.. Zowonjezerazo zimasiyananso - kutentha thupi komanso kutalika kwa siliva pazithunzi zofiirira, pang'ono pang'ono zimawoneka pamutu wa mbalameyo. subspecies atatu - Caucasus, Mongolian ndi pakati Asian lalikulu mphodza - okhala m'madera osiyanasiyana ku Asia, malinga ndi mayina.

Red chokulungira

Mtunduwu umadziwikanso ngati miyala ya mwala, chifukwa umangopezeka m'mapiri okha ku Central Asia pamtunda wamamita 3000. Wamphongo amakhala ndi tayeti yofiirira komanso mutu wofiyira komanso khosi. Chachikazi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kavalidwe kakang'ono ka bulauni ndi tart yobiriwira.

Mphete Zitatu

Mabwalo atatu okhala ndi miyendo itatu amakhala kumadera akumadzulo a China, m'nkhalango zowala kwambiri. Ziwandazo ndi zakuda komanso zolemera kuposa za mphodza wamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali:

• mphodza,
• mandala ofiira,
• nsapato za m'mapiri,
• mphodza wokongola
• mphodza wofiyira,
• mphodza wofiyira,
• mphodza zofiirira
• mphodza zingwe,
• mphodza zing'onozing'ono,
• Malonda a Blanford
• mphodza za Roborovsky,
• mphodza m'mbuyo.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kuyerekeza kugonana mu lentils kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Amphongo amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi maula ofiira ofiira, makamaka owoneka bwino m'mutu ndi m'khosi. Koma zazikazi zimawoneka zowoneka bwino - mitundu yawo imasiyanasiyana kutuwa mpaka imvi.

Kuswana kunyumba

Kuti mukhale ndi mphodza, mumafunikira khola lalikulu, lomwe lili pamalo abwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyambe mbalame imodzi kapena zingapo za iwo, koma ndibwino kuti tisazisunge pamodzi ndi mbalame zina, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mikangano.

Poyamba, kunyumba, mphodza zimatha kukhala amanyazi komanso kupuma. Zikatero, khungu limakutidwa ndi minofu yowala. Mbalamezi zikafika kunyumba kwawo, zimatha kubereka anapiye.

Pachilonda chimodzi, mphodza nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira osakwana 5 okhala ndi timawonekedwe tofiirira. Akazi amawaswa kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo anapiyewo amakula pafupifupi masiku 20.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo wa mphodza imatha zaka 8, ndipo imatha kufikira zaka 10-12.

Kudyetsa

Popeza mphodza ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya tirigu, zimalimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa ndi mbewu zamphesa, mbewu za mitengo ndi zitsamba, tizinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso masamba. Chithandizo chenicheni cha mphodza ndi zipatso za mbalame chitumbuwa, mlombwa ndi katondo. Komanso, mbalame zimafunikira madzi akumwa ambiri. Pofuna kupewa kuwonda kwambiri m'malengeni, ndibwino kuti mudye pang'ono pang'ono.

Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

• mphodza ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino. Pambuyo pakutsamira, zazikazi zimamanga chisa ndi kusaka mazira, ndipo yamphongo imamupezera chakudya ndi anapiye.
• zovuta za lentel zimadziwika - zimayanjana moyipa ndi mbalame zina kunyumba, ndipo mwa chilengedwe abambo amakonzekera ndewu zenizeni
• Kunyumba, mphodza zimakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa zimadya mosavuta, chifukwa chake amalangiza mbalame zochepa,
• Kusungunuka ndi chikhalidwe cha mphodza, motero kunyumba ndikofunikira kusunga maola awo masana (osachepera maola 10 akuwala tsiku) ndikukhalabe ndi chakudya choyenera.

Zomwe mphodza zikuyimba

Kuimba mphodza ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri ojambula nyimbo. M'mapake omwe amatulutsa mawu oti "Vitya anawona" akumveka bwino, ndipo mawu a nyimboyo akufanana ndi dzina la mbalameyo "che-che-vi-tsa". Amphongo achimuna omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amayimba panthawiyi, ndipo nthawi yonseyo mbalamezo zimakhala mwamtendere komanso modekha.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mbalame ya lentil yomwe ili pachithunzichi imawoneka ngati mpheta yopota ndi nthenga. Kwenikweni, dzina lake lachiwiri ndi mpheta yofiyira. Zowonadi, kukula kwake ndizoyandikira kwambiri ndi izi zomwe zili ndi utoto, komanso ndizogwirizana ndi dongosolo la passerines. Koma mtundu wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Mtundu wakale kwambiri: wogonana wolimba koposa wazaka zitatu amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, wanyonga.

Mtundu wa maula ndi wokulira pinki ndi tint yofiirira, kolala yozizira pachifuwa imawonekera bwino kwambiri. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizotuwa zapinki, pansi pa manja komanso pansi pa mchira waminthenga yopepuka. Pansi pa nape, utoto umakhala pang'onopang'ono, kudutsa kumbuyo ndi mapiko kale mawonekedwe a chokoleti chokhala ndi mkombero wamkaka mozungulira m'mphepete. Wamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu, wowoneka bwino ngati “chovala” chake: mthunzi wake wotumphuka umadzazidwa ndi "msuzi" wa chitumbuwa kapena rasipiberi.

Pa mbalame zazing'onozi kusiyana pakati pa kugonana kwamphamvu ndi kofooka kumadziwika bwino. Malenti achikazi samakhala wowala mwanjira zawo. Maonekedwe ake ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri. Chovalachi ndi imvi-chestnut mu utoto wokhala ndi nampescript swamp hue, nthenga za ocher pamimba.

Pali mapiko owala pamapiko. Achichepere ali pafupi kwambiri ndi akazi, ndiye kuti utoto wake ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wakuda. Amalandira chovala chokongola posintha nthenga kawiri, m'mawu ena, pambuyo pa molt wachiwiri. Thupi la mbalameyo limatha, mutu ndiwowoneka bwino. Mlomo ndi wocheperako, koma wokulirapo komanso wamphamvu, wopindika pang'ono.

Mitundu ya mphodza zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimasiyana

Mchirawo ndi wautali wa 7cm popanda kupendekeka kosasunthika, mapiko nawonso ndi afupiafupi, mpaka masentimita 8-9 mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi 75-83 g. Amuna achikulire ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kuyimba nyimbo zopatsa chidwi, zogwirizana komanso zokondweretsa khutu la nyimbo, zomwe mbalameyi imalemekezedwa moyenerera ndi onse okonda zovala zapamwamba.

Mbalamezi ndi gawo limodzi la banja la ndalama, zamtengo wapatali za Carduelis. Kuyimba kopitilira muyeso ndichinthu chawo chachikulu, ndichopezeka mwa pafupifupi oimira onse. Mitundu ingapo ya lenti (ndipo pali 22) ali ndi mitundu ndi kukula, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kugawidwa ndi malo okhala:

• Makina - utoto wodziwika bwino kwambiri,

Mitundu itatu imakhala ku North America:

• Mphodza zaku Mexico - kapangidwe kake amtunduwu ndikuphatikiza mitundu yopitilira 10. Chikhalidwe cha onse ndi mchira wowongoka kumapeto (wopanda wokudula kumphepete) ndi mulomo wooneka ngati chitsotso wokutidwa pansi. Ojambulidwa mu burgundy ndi maonekedwe ofiira, mapiko opindika, toracotta yokhala ndi yoyera,

• Zisoti zofiira - kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli kape "karmolka", ena onse ali pafupi ndi mphodza wamba,

• Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga - thupi ndi lotuwa pinki, mapiko ali opaka utoto ndi mizere yoyera, m'mphepete mwa utoto wa chokoleti, mulomo ulinso ndi mbali za nthenga zopepuka,

Zonena zonse ndi nzika zaku Asia:

• Ma lentulo apinki - osati mbalame yosamukira. Amakhala ku Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) komanso ku Tien Shan.

• Juniper mphodza kapena pinki yaying'ono (yomwe idaganiziridwa kale), imagawana gawo ndi wachibale wapitalo. Chovala chachimuna chamtundu wa sitiroberi chimakongoletsedwa ndi zilembo za siliva pamasaya ndi pamphumi. Atsikana ndi akazi achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira za khofi wokhala ndi masipi otsekemera. Mtunduwu ndi wokulirapo kuposa "mpheta", komanso mchira wautali.

• Pale (Sinai) mphodza - nthenga zachimuna ndizopaka kofiirira komanso pinki, zachikazi komanso achinyamata ali ndi nthenga zachikaso zowoneka bwino, kumaso kwake kumada. Imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro za Yorodano.

• Zodala zazikulu - zoona, zokulirapo kuposa mitundu ina, thupi limaposa 20 cm, mapiko ndi 10 cm kapena kuposerapo.Colimba kukula osati mpheta, koma kwa wakuda kapena nyenyezi. Ziwawa ndizotapira, nthenga ndizitali. Mbiri yanthawi zonse ya manambala ndi ofiira, ofiira, okhala ndi ngale. Pamutu pali kachitsotso kakang'ono. Mulinso ma subspecies atatu - Caucasian, Mongolia ndi Central Asia. Kuchokera mayina mutha kumvetsetsa komwe amakhala.

Mverani mawu a mphodza zazikulu

• Ma lent-ofiira - amakhala ku Himalayas, Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto wofiirira wofiirira.

• Chingwe chofiira (thanthwe mphodza- - amakhala kumtunda kwambiri, mpaka 3000 m, kumapiri apakati pa Asia. Wamphongo pamwamba pa mchira amakhala ndi nthenga za rasipiberi komanso manambala ofiirira kumutu ndi m'khosi. Kamvekedwe kazikulu ndi imvi. Zachikazi, monga nthawi zonse, ndizocheperapo pang'ono - nthenga zawo ndi imvi zakuda, ndipo kuwala kwake kumakhala kubiriwira mchira.

• Ma Leberi a ku Siberia - zikuwonekeratu kuti amakhala ku Siberia, kumadera ake akum'mawa ndi pakati. Mumtunduwu, zazikazi zimapakidwa utoto wapinki, ndipo anyani, nawonso amakhala owala, mawonekedwe amitundu yayitali ya fuchsia (wandiweyani wapinki wokhala ndi lilac hue). Amakhala ndi mapangidwe amiyala pamapiko amdima ndi kumbuyo, pamutu ndi nthenga za gover zakuthambo zam'mawa (zapinki zapinki),

• Mphete Zitatu - Yokhazikika m'nkhalango zowala za paini kumadzulo kwa China. Mtundu wake ndi wolemera komanso wowala kuposa kuvomerezeka ngati muyezo.

• Beaver lentils, chosiyanitsa ndi makina owoneka ngati "eyebr" pamwamba pamaso. Amakhala ku Himalayas, kumalire a Afghanistan ndi Pakistan, kumadzulo kwa China. Amakonda malo am'mapiri, kuyambira 2400 m kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi.

Mitundu yonse ya mphodza wazinthu zambiri ndizofanana.

• Mvinje wofiira wavinyo (mphesa zinanyamuka). Chimakhala munkhalango zotentha za ku Nepal ndi China. Utoto umatha kufotokozedwa kuti "mtundu wa Ma Cahors wandiweyani." Pa mapiko pali mthunzi wa "vinyo wokhala ndi sinamoni", ndi masamba oyera oyera ngati masamba a kokonati.

• Alpine mphodza - adasankha kukhazikika kwa Tibet ndi Himalayas. Chachikulu kuposa abale awo. Ziwawa zili pafupi ndi muyezo.

• Makina Achizungu - nthenga zofiira-zaimphongo zazimuna "zazimuna," amakhala kumapiri a Himalayan.

• Kuwaza ma lent - ma lentulo ambiri amakhala ndi masamba a imvi, pinki ndi ofiira, mumtunduwu amadziwika kwambiri. Miyoyo m'dera la Indo-Malayan (gawo la South ndi Southeast Asia)

• Ma lent lentilo - mlomo ndi wocheperapo kuposa woyimira wamba, bere limakhala lakuda. Amakhala kumpoto kwa India ndi China.

• Lentil Blanford - maonekedwe a nthenga ali pafupi ndi akale, amakhala ku India, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan.

• Makina a Roborovsky - Kuvina kwa bomba la ku Tibetani, malo okhala - India, China, Nepal, mapiri,

Moyo & Habitat

Madera okongoletsa makamaka ndi Central ndi Central Asia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Urals, komanso Eastern Europe ndi North America. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwaona m'dera la Anadyr, pachilumba cha Sakhalin komanso Kamchatka. Pakufalikira kwa dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, lopaka utoto limapezeka kulikonse, kupatula Moldova ndi Transcarpathia. Ili ndi madera ambiri a India, China, Afghanistan, Iran, ndi Caucasus.

Mbalamezi zimawulukira nthawi yozizira kumwera kwa Asia. Koma pakati pawo pali mitundu yomwe siziwuluka kulikonse nthawi yozizira ndikukhalabe m'malo mwake. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo otentha. Amatha kuuluka mtunda wautali, ngakhale amakhala ochepa. Mutha kuwaona mwadzidzidzi ku Malta, kapena ku Sweden, komanso kumpoto kwa Holland.

Nthawi zambiri amasamukira pagulu laling'ono. Amasonkhana nthawi yozizira kuchokera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndipo amabwerera mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi. Pofuna kukola chisa, sankhani zitsamba zowirira pamdambo kapena malo okhala m'nkhalango. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame yotere pamphepete mwa mtsinje, pakamwa pa mtsinje, m'manda osiyidwa kapena m'minda yakale. Ena amakhala kumapiri.

Lenti akukhala Kumene kuli masamba owonda ndi madzi. Amakhala otsekeka. Pakangokhala nthawi yocheperako pokhapokha pomwe amatha kuimba, kuyankhula, ndi nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala mwachinsinsi kwambiri. Kuyenda yozizira kumachitika mosadukiza, popeza zoweta zawo sizambiri.

Ndegeyo imathamanga komanso yosalala. Pansi amayenda ang'ono kudumphadumpha. Mosamala kwambiri komanso mwachangu mumayendedwe okhathamira, kumamatira kuma nthambi ndi zikhadabo, kupondaponda ndi kugumuka. Kwa iwo omwe ati akadzipangira mbalamezi, tikulimbikitsa kuti aziwayika chipinda (kakhola kapena kaphiri) yokhala ndi nsalu yowala, amanyazi kwambiri.

Maola a masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola khumi, kotero khungu liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti silikhala kutali ndi zenera. Ndipo nthawi yozizira mumafunika kuwala kowonjezera. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbalame imodzi kapena ziwiri za izo. Koma ziyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, zimatha kumenyana komanso kukangana ndi mitundu ina. Atazolowera malo atsopano, amatha kubereka mu ukapolo.

Chachikulu cha mphodza

Mbalame zachikulire molt palibe kale kuposa pakati pa Ogasiti. Ana achichepere amatenga ma plamu ofiira pambuyo poti fumbi lachifumu layamba. Pambuyo yophukira yophukira, ma plumage akuluakulu mu mphodza zikuluzikulu amakhala ndi mawu okuya komanso wolemera. Chapakatikati, mtundu wa cholembera umakhala wowala komanso wowoneka bwino.

Akasungidwa, nthenga zamisomali zimayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi ndipo zimatha kumapeto kwa Seputembala.

Makina

Nyengo yakukuswana mu mphodza zikuluzikulu imayamba mu theka lachiwiri la February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kusakaniza mbalame kumawonetsedwa mu mayendedwe achilendo. Wamphongo amakakamira mwamphamvu mutuwo, ndikugwetsa mapiko ake, ndikufotokozera mchira wake ndikutembenukira kumbali, ndikukupiza mapiko ake.

Pakulipiritsa, kusuntha konse kwa amuna kumakhala ndi kuyimba mokweza.

Adani achilengedwe akuvina

Chithunzi: Kodi ndi mbalame yam'maso bwanji?

Chodabwitsa, akatswiri a zojambula zam'madzi sanadziwikebe kuti ndi ndani kwenikweni mdani wa zovina yaying'ono yamtchire kuthengo. Pali malingaliro chabe pamulingo uwu. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti mbalame yaying'onoyo ili ndi adani okwanira.

Zimapulumutsa mbalame mwamphamvu, kuthamanga ndi luso lochotsa zisa zawo. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira chisa cha mpopi, chimabisala patchire lambiri kwambiri kapena mumtengo wam'munsi. Mbalame sizimawulukira m'makola mwawo, mwachiwonekere, amawopa nyama zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mbewa.

Malinga ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, asayansi amawona adani avina zovina ngati:

• amphaka wamba
• oimira banja la ofera,
• mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama

Cunyas ukukwera mitengo bwino, chifukwa chake imatha kuwononga nesting ya kuvina kwa tap, nyama sizimakonda kusangalala ndi anapiye okha, komanso mazira a mbalame. Rosette omwe amakhala mumzinda kapena pafupi ndi malo ena okhala anthu amatha kuvutika ndi amphaka wamba omwe amakonda kusaka mbalame. Mbalame zimakhala zosatetezeka kwambiri nthawi yozizira, zikauluka pafupi ndi anthu kuti zizidyetse, chifukwa nthawi yozizira zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ana.

Zachidziwikire, munthu amathanso kukhala mdani wa mbalamezi, yemwe, pogwira ntchito yake mosatopa, amalowererapo zinthu zachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana zofuna zake, kusamutsa mbalame kuchokera malo osungika, kudula m'nkhalango ndikuwononga zovuta zachilengedwe chonse, zomwe zimakhudza moyipa mbalame.

Zomwe zimakhala

Monga mawonekedwe a mphodza amakonda kusuntha nthawi yayitali. Koma anthu omwe amasankha zodyera madera akumwera amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomakhala. Ndikosavuta kudziwa malire a malo oswana, popeza sianthu onse omwe ali ndi chisa. Fikani mochedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kusamuka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso zaka eyiti m'mwezi wa Meyi.

Mbalame nthawi zambiri imasamukira pamagulu ochepa a anthu khumi ndi asanu. Gulu la anthu opitirira 50 nthawi zina limawonedwa. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, mphodza zimayamba kusamuka nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, amawalozera kum'mwera, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi Asia.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Zonse pali mitundu inayi ya lenti - Zovala zofiira, zabwinobwino, zapinki komanso zoyipa. Onsewa ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Mawonekedwe onse kukula kakang'ono (osatinso mpheta).

Akazi ndi otumbululuka, am'mimba opepuka kuposa msana komanso nthenga zofiirira. Achinyamata ndi ofanana mtundu wa akazi. Amuna okongola. Amakhala ndi mchira, mapiko ndi kumbuyo, ndipo mutu wawo ndi chifuwa zake ndi zofiira kwambiri. Mimba ndi yapinki. Mwa oimira ena amtunduwu, chifuwa chimakhalanso cha pinki. Mtundu wowala kwambiri umapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zizindikire.

Habitat

Mbalame iliyonse imasankha osati nyengo yokhayo, komanso chilengedwe. Zosankha wamba - madambo onyowa ndi tchire. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka mu mipanda, manda, minda. M'mayiko akumapiri, amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, zilumba, ndi mapiri. Mu nkhalango, zitsamba ndi malo owirira.

Lentil zakudya lili ndi malo azomera. Amadya makamaka nthangala za zomera monga buttercups, fox sedge, maambulera ndi nyemba. Nthochi zimadyetsedwa ndi nthangala za stellate. Monga gwero la mapuloteni, makolo amawapezera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mbozi komanso tating'ono.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu za Lentil

Lenti kwenikweni sapezeka m'minda kapena m'nkhalango zowirira. Amakonda malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, mitsinje yokhala ndi nkhalango zowala zosaphika.Mbalame zimakhala m'matanthwe otsetsereka, otsetsereka m'madzuwa okhala ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri ya m'mapiri, yokhala ndi malo otsetsereka, ndi mulu wamiyala ndi talus, komanso malo ang'onoang'ono a nkhalango zachitsamba ndi mitengo yopanda matope. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimadyetsa m'zigwa za kumapiri a mapiri kupyola mitsinje yomwe ili ndi zitsamba.

M'nyengo yozizira, mphodza zazikulu zimasamukira kumapiri a mitsinje yamapiri, ndikusankha nkhalango za mabulosi.

Zosangalatsa

Kupeza chisa cha lentili ndikosavuta - mwamunayo amasangalatsa mnzake pomuyimba kuti "tivitititin". Pofuna kumvetsetsa mawu oti "lentil," mbalamezo zinkatchedwa dzinalo. Kuphatikiza apo, pokhapokha nthawi yopanga ndi kupanga ma nesting, mutha kudziwa ndi kumva mbalame zofiirazi. Nthawi zina, amakhala moyo wopanda phokoso.

Lenti amapembedza mbalame chitumbuwa ndi shrimp - pambuyo pawo nthawi zambiri zimawulukira m'mapaki, kukatola mitengo ku mabulosi omaliza.

nightingale ofiira - malongosoledwe, malo okhala, mfundo zosangalatsa