Mwendo - chinyama chaching'ono chocheperako pang'ono kuposa thovu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 30 mpaka 40 cm, ndipo pafupifupi theka likugwera mchira. Kulemera kwa wamkulu wamkulu kumafika pa 730 g, kulemera kwakukulu kwa akazi kumangokhala 300-400 g. Thupi lokwera, mchira wautali, miyendo yayifupi, mutu wochepa - awa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a mawonekedwe ake. Komabe, kavalidwe kanu kamatha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera kwa abale ndi mtundu. Pamwamba pa thupi ndi kumbuyo kwa nyama kuli penti lofiirira lomwe lili ndi mawanga ndi mikwaso yambiri yowala. Thupi lakumunsi ndi khosi ndi zakuda. Phokoso ndilakuda, lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Pali zovuta zambiri pakupeza mitundu ing'ono yovalira, chifukwa chake, zomwe asayansi akufalitsa zokhudza nyama zosowa izi ku Russia sizitchedwa kuti zathunthu. Zimadziwika kuti zovala zakumwera zaku Russia zimakhala mdera la Saratov ku banki ya kumanja kwa Volga, zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a Samara ndi Orenburg, ndipo zimatha kuwonekera pafupipafupi ku dera la Rostov. Palinso chidziwitso chochepera pamtunda wa Russia pamtunda wa Semirechye. Amabwera kuno kuchokera ku Kazakhstan ndipo amapezeka ku Irtysh dera la Semipalatinsk, komanso ku Pre-Altai steppe. Zovala za Semirechye zimawonekera patsamba lina mkati mwa Altai ndi Tyva. Kunja kwa Russia, nyama izi zimakhala ku Eastern Europe ndi Asia kuchokera ku Balkan Peninsula kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia ndi China. Zovala zimakonda kukhazikika pamalo opanda anamwali osadukaduka, pamapiri ataliatali okhala ndi masamba, komanso m'mapiri pamtunda wa mamita 3,000. Chaka chilichonse, pamakhala nyama zochepa.
Moyo
Zovala zimatsogolera nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. Masana, amapuma m'maenje osiyidwa ndi nyama zina kapena kukumba okha. Ngongole ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe imagwira kwambiri ndi makoswe ang'ono: agologolo, agologolo, ndi maulendo a m'munda. Kunja kwa nyengo yakukula, zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakonda kukhala kwayekha. Magawo a aliyense payekhapayekha amatha kusewera, pomwe kumenyera nkhondo yolimbana ndi gawo kulibe. Nyama zimapewa kuyanjana. Zovala, monga ma skunk, zimagwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi chofukiza cha tiziwalo tating'ono kuti tiwopseze adani. Asanazizidwe, amchenjeza mdaniyo, ndikuwopseza ndikuwononga ubweya pamapeto pake.
Akazi anyani amadzala msambo ali ndi miyezi itatu. Amuna amafunikira pafupifupi chaka kuti amalize kukula. Zovala zam'mimba zimatha miyezi 11. Monga momwe zimaphera anthu ambiri, nyama izi zimachedwa kukulira mluza. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchokera pa wakhanda mmodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu amabadwa, omwe amakula ndikukula msanga. Patatha mwezi umodzi kubadwa, kuyamwa kuyamwa mkaka wa mayi ndikuyamba kudya pawokha.
Ndizosangalatsa
Dzinalo Lachilatini la vormela yovalira ndichokera ku Germany ndipo amatanthauzira kuti "nyongolotsi yaying'ono". Dzinalo peregusna limachokera ku liwu lachiukraine "kukonzanso" - "ferret". M'mbuyomu, kavalidwe kankakhala kwambiri ku Central Ukraine, lero ndi osowa kwambiri.
Malo okhala bandage
Nyama izi zimakhala ku Asia ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe. Ma Habitat amayambira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China ndi Mongolia kudutsa pakati pa Asia ndi kumwera kwa Russia kupita kutsogolo kwa Asia ndi Peninsula ya Balkan.
Zovala - okhala m'malo owuma opanda mitengo: mapiri, chipululu komanso zipululu.
Ziphuphuzi zimakhazikika kumapiri, zipululu, zipululu komanso malo ena aliwonse ouma. Komanso nthawi zina mavalidwe amatha kupezeka m'malo a mapiri. Amakhalanso pakati pa anthu m'mapaki ndi mabwalo.
Kuberekanso mavalidwe
Wamkazi amakhala ndi miyezi 11 ya bere. Koma si nthawi yonseyi yomwe wamkazi amanyamula mwana wosabadwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti dzira silimayamba kukhazikika mutangobala, koma pambuyo pake. Pafupifupi, pali ana anayi mpaka asanu mu zinyalala.
Pambuyo pobadwa, amakhala opanda khungu komanso osagwira ntchito kwakanthawi. Komabe, ana amakula mwachangu, ndipo pakatha milungu 4 safunikiranso mkaka wa m'mawere. Kutha msinkhu kumabwera kwa amuna ali ndi zaka chimodzi, ndi kwa akazi pambuyo pa miyezi itatu ya kukhalapo kwawo.
Masiku ano, nyama zodabwitsazi zikuopsezedwa kuti zidzatha.
Mkhalidwe wotetezedwa wa mitundu
Kavalidwe ndi mtundu wokhala ndi kuchepa kochulukirapo kwa anthu ndi malo okhala. Ma subspecies ena a ferret awa adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Choopsa chachikulu kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu ndikutukuka kwa mapiri azofunikira zaulimi ndi ntchito zamigodi.
Nyama zambiri zimafa mumisampha yopangira agologolo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi. Komanso, madiresi amafa pakudya makoswe omwe adawayika poizoni ndi anthu ngati gawo la njira yodziwitsira tizilombo. Mapangidwe a Balkan a kavalidwe, mwachitsanzo, ali pafupi kutha.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mawonekedwe
Makulidwe ovala osaphunzira ndi odabwitsa. Nyama imafika masentimita 35-38 kutalika, ndipo imalemera kokha) 500-700 magalamu. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi alibe kusiyana kowonekeratu pakuwonekera kwawo.
Chinthu chapadera chomwe chimasiyanitsa nyamazo ndi chikhotho chawo chosakhala chokhazikika. Maziko ake ndi ubweya wa chestnut wakuda, koma zoyera, zakuda ndi zachikaso zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa zimapezeka mosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mitundu ya azakhali imadutsanso mchira, womwe umamaliza ndi burashi yaying'ono. Muskrat yovalira ndiyifupi komanso yolimba mokwanira, ndicho chifukwa chazokhumudwitsidwa kosalekeza muchinyama.
Nkhope yake ndiying'ono komanso yayifupi. Makutu akuvala ndi akulu kwambiri, yokutidwa ndi ubweya woyera. Chifukwa cha miyendo yayifupi kwambiri chifukwa cha thupi ndi yayitali kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo ipanikizidwe pansi, komanso ngati ikuthamanga.
Mtundu wamoyo ndi mtundu wa mavalidwe
Zovala zimakonda kuchita chiwonetsero cha usiku, kuyambira zochitika dzuwa kulowa. Masana amagona mink, akukonzekera kusaka usiku. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amasintha malo nthawi zonse hibernation. Kavalidwe ndi "nyumba" yokha yosankhidwa. Nyama iliyonse imateteza pafupifupi 400-500 m2 pankhope, ndipo imakhala munjira zam'derali. Amagona ndikudya.
Kuvala amuna kumakhala moyo wapadera. Amakumana ndi akazi makamaka pagulu lokwanirana. Pokhudzana ndi amuna ena nthawi zambiri amakhala odana kwambiri. Zovala zimayesa kopanda phindu kuti zololera zojambula zawo zigawo lawo.
Nyamayo ikaopsezedwa chifukwa cha kugwa kwakukulu, wovala zovalayo amathawira kumtengo kapena mumgudumu. Ngakhale sizotheka nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati njira zothawa zadulidwa, cholengedwa chimakhala malo owopseza, kuwonetsa kuti ali okonzekera nkhondo. Izi ndi zabwino motere: nyamayi imaponyera mchira wake kumbuyo kwake, ndikukwera m'miyendo mwake ndikulira kwambiri. Ngati izi sizinakhudze mdani, theka-benzel imakakamizidwa kuti ithe ndi kupopera mankhwalawa kununkhira koyipa kwa chinyezi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imagwiritsa ntchito ziphuphu.
Kuvala mavalidwe
Tizilombo tating'ono ndi buluzi wam'malo timaloleza bandeji kuti azisaka makoswe m'makola awo. Koma maluso osaka nyama amenewa alibe malire. Kapangidwe ka matupi awo amawalola kuti azichita izo popanda cholinga komanso moyenera pamitengo. Zovalazi zimakhala ndi masomphenya osakhazikika bwino, chifukwa chake pakasaka amadalira kwambiri kuti apeze fungo lawo lokonda kusaka.
Nthawi zina nyambo imatha kuphatikiza ndi nkhandwe kusaka zigawo za gerbil. Pamene nkhandwe imayang'ana nyongolosiyo polowera dzenje lake, pamenepo, chomangira chija chimamenyera mobisa. Chochititsa chidwachi ndichidziwitso chochititsa chidwi, chifukwa chokhala patokha ndi nyama izi.
Zovzag Zigzag zimasunthira, zikusiya mwayi woboola ndi matupi awo afupikitsa. Amavuta gawo, ndipo nthawi zina amatukula mutu kuti ayang'ane malowo. Ngati ndi kotheka, nyamayo imadzuka chifukwa cha miyendo yakumbuyo, monga meerkat, kulandira uthenga wambiri.
Zovala zimangokhala moyo wokhalitsa. Ndipo ngati chitetezo ndi chakudya zikadali zadongosolo, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo pazinthu zawo zonse moyo wawo wonse. Koma ngati zingafunike, amatha kusamuka.
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Zovala ndi za nyama zodabwitsa, pazonse zomwe zimakonda nyama. Ozunzidwa akusaka kwenikweni ndi majeremusi, ma voles akumunda, agologolo pansi ndi ma hamsters, omwe amawatulutsa m'makumba awo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhalabe komweko kuti akhale ndi moyo. Pakusowa kwakukulu, zingwe zimatha kuthana ndi mbalame kapena njoka, koma nthawi zina sizikhala choncho.
Zomwe zimasankhidwa pang'ono, koma zotheka mkate wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndizovala mazira, zipatso kapena mitengo ya zipatso, kuti mumve maapulo kapena mapeyala. Zovala zomwe zimakhala m'minda sizimanyoza thupi la vwende, komanso mavwende. Komabe, nyama mu chakudya cha nyama yolusa imeneyi ndiye choyambirira.
Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo
Nthawi yaukwati imachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pafupifupi kuyambira June mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Chimodzimodzi panthawiyi, wamwamuna wachikondi yekhayekha amayamba kuitana akazi kuti akwatire kuchokera kumwamba. Nyambayi imayitanitsa anyamatawo, ndikupereka kaphokoso, komwe mayi wapafupi yemwe wamumva akumvera. Kukwatirana kumachitika mwachangu, kenako chikwati chachikazi chimachoka, ndikusiya kukodwa kwa wamwamuna yekhayo.
Sizikudziwika kuti amuna amasankha mayi kuti atenge mkaka. Mwambiri, malo okha ndi omwe angakhudze. Kukhazikika komwe akazi amakhala ndi kwamphongo, ndikovomerezeka kwambiri komwe amakwatirana nayo nyengo yakukhwima.
Mimba imatenga miyezi 11. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kupanga zovala zazing'ono za 8. Amabadwa akhungu ndipo pafupifupi alibe tsitsi. Pezani ndikusainira khungu la nyama patchire kuti iwonekere, yomwe ingakhalebe nayo; pezani moyo wanu wonse tsitsi litayamba kubwerera.
Kudyetsa ana ang'onoang'ono kumapitirirabe masiku 40, ngakhale patadutsa milungu iwiri, mavalidwewo amatumizidwa kwa moyo wautali. Amuna nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali polera ana.
Habitat
Mwachilengedwe, Perevyazka polecat imakhala m'munsi mwa mapiri pamlingo wa 3-4 km kuchokera padziko lapansi.
Mutha kupeza nyama izi pafupi ndi mabowo kapena mwachindunji m'nyumba yawo. Nyama zing'onozing'onozi zimakhala m'chigawo cha Baltic Peninsula komanso pang'ono ndi mayiko a China. Russia ndi malo ena omwe nyama zodyerazi zasankha.
Ferret Ligation imatsogolera usiku wokangalika, wogona masana.
Bandage Habitat
Nyamayi imakhala m'mapaki, minda ya mpesa, minda yamasamba. Amawachitira zabwino anthu, chifukwa amazolowera chifukwa amakhala nthawi zonse pafupi. Wotsogola ndi wanzeru kwambiri, amamanga nyumba zingapo m'malo osiyanasiyana mdera la mamita 500. Amachita izi pofuna kuti azitha kutetezedwa komanso kutetezedwa. Nyumba zambiri zimalolera nyamayo kusaka momasuka ndi kubisala.
Kufotokozera ndi Thanzi
Kunja, monga tafotokozera kale, Perevyazka Pole ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi wachibale wake, theretret wamba. Pa avareji, kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi masentimita 28 mpaka 35. Mchirawo umafika 13-17 cm kutalika. Thupi la nthendayo mwachangu limakhala lolemera 300-700 g. Makutu am'makutuwo ndi akulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo timizere tating'ono timawakoka kumapeto.
Kupukutira kwa nyama kumakutidwa pang'ono. Pamutu, komanso m'makutu, pali mzere woyera. Ferret ili ndi chovala chosalala. Wotsogolera wa mtundu wa Perevyazka ndiwowoneka mosiyana ndi mitundu yachilengedwe ya zipatso. Ubweya wake umakhala wofiirira, wachikaso, wakuda, yoyera. Pazithunzizi, akuwoneka wowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kudyetsa zoopsa
Pazakudya za polecat Perejazka amakonda nyama yaying'ono, nyama zomwe zimakhala mumakola kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo. Nyama itha kukhala mbewa, gologolo pansi, jerboa, hamster, gerbil. Mukusaka, wothandizira wamkulu pa makoswe ndi fungo. Nyama imatha kukwera pabowo mpaka mamita 600 popanda kutuluka kuchokera kunja. Komanso mtundu wamtunduwu umakonda kuchepetsa zakudya zake za tsiku ndi tsiku monga zipatso, vwende, chivwende, dzungu kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zakutchire.
Ferret ligation: kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Kunja, kuvala kapena kutulutsa kwambiri ndi fanizo laling'ono, tanthauzo lenileni la dzina la Chilatini (vormela peregusna) amatanthauza "nyongolotsi yaying'ono." Kupukutira kwake kukuzungulira pang'ono, makutu ake ndi akulu ndi mkombero woyera. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi banja la ofera: thupi lalifupi komanso miyendo yayifupi. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu ndi mtundu wokongola wautoto wa ubweya wopaka, wophatikizana ndi masamba oyera, akuda ndi achikaso pamtundu wa bulauni.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi ndi kufotokozerako, nyambo yoyenda imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Thupi lake limakhala lalitali 27 masentimita 27, mchira wake ndi wotalika mpaka 17-20 cm, kulemera kwa chiweto cha munthu wamkulu ndi 350-750 g. Kuzungulira kwakuda ndi kaso, Mzere wokhala ndi chipale chofewa womwe umawoneka ngati gulaye umadutsa maso, pomwe unapatsidwa dzina loterolo. Pakamwa pake pali malo ena akulu amtengo wapatali, ndipo khosi limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima itatu. Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mawanga ndi mikwingwirima, mchira wa fluffy umapangidwanso utoto wokongola: m'munsi umakhala wofiirira, umasandulika imvi, kumapeto kwake ndi kwakuda komanso kofiirira. Cifuwa ndi miyendo zakuda.
Zovala zodzikongoletsera zimakhala zachilengedwe kwa zaka 6-7, nthawi zina mpaka 9 ku zoo.
Khalidwe la wovalayo ndi lochita ndewu, akaukiridwa ndi adani, amathawa choyamba pamtengo, ndipo ndikuwopseza mwachangu, amagwada kumbuyo kwake, atanyamula malaya ake, ndikuwonetsa mano, ndikubweza mutu kumbuyo. Maonekedwe owopsa amatsimikiziridwa ndi mliri, screech ndi kuukira kwa mankhwala: nyamayo imathamangira ndikutulutsa madzi a fetid kuchokera ku ma glands apadera pansi pa mchira.
Malo ogawa
Pali kunyamula mafuta kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, Asia, komanso kumadera ena a China. Ku Russia, nyama zimapezeka kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe (Krasnodar Territory, etc.), ku Altai ndi Ciscaucasia. Komanso, magawano amakhala ku Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Transcaucasia ndi mapiri a Central Asia.
Malo akulu okhalamo ndi malo otseguka, opanda malo, nthawi zina okhala ndi zitsamba, kunja kwa nkhalango, zigwa za mitsinje, mapiri a nkhalango ndi mapiri. Nthawi zina pamakhala kuvala kwamakori m'mapiri mpaka kumtunda wa 3 km, kumapezeka m'mapaki ndi mizinda, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi vwende.
Nyama zina zimasankha malo omwe zimakhala m'makola opangika, nthawi zina zimakumba zokha, pogwiritsa ntchito zigamba zazitali ndi mano kutulutsa miyala. Masana amakhala mnyumba, ndipo amasintha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pa gawo la CIS pali mitundu 2 yovala (yodziwika ndi Trans-Caspian), yosiyana utoto.
Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo
Khalidwe lonyasa lonyansa limadziwika ndi zochitika zamadzulo, mwachilengedwe sizowonekera. Nyamayi imasaka mobisa, nthawi zina mumitengo. Chakudya chachikulu ndi makoswe ochepa: ma voles a mbewa, hamsters, jerboas, agologolo pansi, gerbils. Nthawi zina amadya mazira a mbalame, zipatso, amakonda kudya zakudya zam'mera: gourds, zipatso za zitsamba (rose m'chiuno, minga, mphesa, hawthorn).
Mitengo yambambande imasakidwa pamalo awo ndi malo a 10-30 ha, kufunafuna nyama kwa tsiku limodzi, nyamayo imatha kudutsa mobisa mpaka 600 m, ikuyang'ana fungo lake. Milandu ya kusaka kolumikizana kwa kuvala majeremusi okhala ndi nkhandwe amadziwika. Komanso, posaka nyama, nyama zimatha kudumpha mpaka 60 cm.
Akakumana wina ndi mzake, mavalidwe akuwoneka ankhanza, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala m'gawo lawo, ndipo amakhala usiku wonse pabowo lina.
Zovala ndi Habitat
Kuzimilira ndimtchire laling'ono lomwe limawoneka ngati fret.Kuchokera ku Latin limamasuliridwa kuti "nyongolotsi yaying'ono." Ichi ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri, osati yodziwika bwino monga banja lawo lenileni: zitseko ndi zofunikira.
Bandage yovala, bandeji kapena polecat imakhala ndi thupi laling'ono komanso lalifupi lotalika masentimita 38. Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi 700 g. Yaikazi ndi yaimuna siyosiyana kunja.
Nyama iyi imayimira mtundu wake wachilendo. Mtundu wake wamkulu ndi mgoza wakuda, ndipo kumbuyo konse kuli kusinthana mwachisawawa, ndikupanga mitundu yovuta ya mawanga oyera, akuda ndi achikasu. Ubweya wake umakhala wotsika komanso wowuma, chifukwa nyamayo imasungidwa pang'ono.
Pamalo ocheperako akuda ndi oyera otuwa pali khutu lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali. Mapapu mavalidwe yochepa kuyerekeza ndi thupi chinyama chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti nyamayo ipanikizidwa pansi.
Mchira wofiyira umatha ndi burashi yaying'ono komanso utoto wamitundu yambiri. Kuvala sikulankhula kwambiri. Mphamvu zake zimaphatikizira kupyoza kulira, kubuula, kung'ung'udza komanso kupumira kwakutali. Ndi mantha, mayiyo amakhala wokwiya komanso wosakwiya.
Mverani mawu a bandeji yolimba
Kuvala ikhoza kutchedwa nyama zam'chipululu, popeza imapezeka m'malo a chilengedwe, ochulukirapo ndi saxaul. Nthawi zina amakwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 3 km. Kukhazikika kwa nyamayi kumayambira ku Balkan Peninsula kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia ndi China. Sawopa anthu ndipo amatha kusankha paki, munda wamphesa kapena minda yamasamba ngati malo okhalamo.
Khalidwe Lovala ndi Moyo
Zovala zimayambitsa moyo wokangalika usiku kapena mutangoyamba kumene kucha. Masana, amakonda kugona m'misasa yomwe adadzipangira okha kapena amagwiritsa ntchito yokonzekera.
Sakhala m'machimo nthawi zonse, koma amasankha tsiku lililonse tsiku lililonse. Nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lake, pafupifupi 500 m2, yomwe imadutsa nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya.
Mavalidwe a Hori amakonda kukhala okha, kusiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yakukhwima, ndipo akakumana ndi abale amatha kuchita zinthu mwamwano, kuteteza gawo lomwe atalikirali.
Pakakhala zoopsa, wovalayo amayesa kuthawira ku mtengo kapena kubisala. Ngati izi sizingatheke, nyamayo imatenga chowopseza. Nthawi yomweyo, amadzuka pamiyendo yake, kuponyera mchira wake kumbuyo, ndikuluma mano, ndikulira kwambiri. Ngati wolakwitsayo sanayankhe pa izi, ndiye kuti kuvala kumangothamangira mwachangu ndikumatula chinsinsi cha fetid kuchokera kumatako.
Nyama imasaka nthawi zambiri kumakolo m'makola awo, ngakhale imachita izi pamitengo. Amawona bwino, kotero chida chachikulu pakupanga chakudya ndichinthu cha fungo. Pofufuza munthu amene akuvutitsidwa, amatha kuyenda mpaka mamita 600, kumayenda kudutsa pansi pamtunda.
Chochititsa chidwi pakusaka mavalidwe ndikuti nthawi zina amaphatikiza ndi wina kwa nyama - nkhandwe kuti igwire gulu la majeremusi. Ankhandwe amateteza makoswe kumapeto kwa mabowo, ndipo kuvala kumawawonongetsa panjira zawo.
Mutha kupeza nyama iyi ndi misempha yomwe idasiya. Zapangidwa ndi awiri komanso pang'ono. Kuyang'ana m'derali mu zigzags, nyamayo imayima ndikuyang'ana pang'ono nkhope yake.
Ngati simukukonda kena kake, ndiye kamatulukira m'miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ngati kamwala kakang'ono kwambiri. Izi zimawonjezera kwambiri mawonekedwe a kavalidwe. Ngati palibe chowopsa, ndiye kuti kusunthaku kukupitilizabe.
Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, nyamayo imatha kukhala moyo wake wonse m'gawo laling'ono, ngati pali kusowa, imayamba kusuntha. Nthawi zina kuvala muli kunyumba monga chiweto, mumatha kuwona Chithunzi kusewera ndi anthu chinyama. Kusamalira iye sikusiyana ndi khola. Eni ake a nyama yachilendoyo amasangalala ndi kukondweretsedwa komanso mawonekedwe.
Kuvala zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Zovala ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi, koma monga nyama. Amasaka makoswe: ma gerbils, ma voles akumunda, azamba, ma hamsters. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makola awo. Pocheperako nthawi zambiri amakhala mbalame kapena tinyama tating'onoting'ono: njoka, buluzi.
Sakana, ndi kudya mazira, zipatso kapena zipatso za mitengo. Kukhala m'minda, kudya nyama ya mavwende ndi mavwende. Kunyumba, amapatsidwa mkaka, tchizi, tchizi chanyumba, buledi ndi nkhuku yaiwisi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 6 - 7, ali mu ukapolo amapulumuka pafupifupi zaka 9. Nthawi yakukhwima (gon) imatha kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August. Wamphongo pakuwona mkazi amamuyimbira ndi nkhunda. Mchitidwe womwewo pawokha sutenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo atachokapo wamkazi.
Ayi lero mafotokozedwe, monga kuvala amasankha bwenzi kwa onse nyama mtundu wake. Mwambiri, zimatengera kuyandikira kwa wofunsayo kapena wina.
Mimba imatenga miyezi 11, izi ndichifukwa choti mwana wosabadwayo samayamba nthawi yomweyo, koma pambuyo pa "kupuma" kwa dzira. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timabadwa mpaka 8 vipande. Alinso akhungu, makutu awo atakankhidwa kutsogolo.
Koma atatha maola angapo ayamba kale kudziphatika. Ana ali pafupifupi amaliseche, amangokhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Pakhungu lakuda la mwana wagalu -mavalidwe chojambulachi chikuwoneka, chomwe zikuwoneka ngatimonga mtundu wachikulire chinyama.
Zovala zopangidwa bwino zikuwoneka kale pamiyendo. Maso amadulidwa pakati pa ana agalu patsiku 40, ndipo kuyamwitsa kumatha miyezi 1.5. Pakatha milungu iwiri, amakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Mu ukapolo, amuna amatenga nawo mbali polera khanda.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimakula mwachangu, ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu yaikazi imayamba kutha msinkhu. Amuna amakhala otsalira ndipo amatha kubereka atatha chaka chimodzi. M'zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa nyamayi kunatsika kwambiri.
Izi siziri chifukwa cha ubweya wa ubweya wake, koma kulima minda komwe malo okhala bandeji. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti achulukitse makoswe kunawachotsera chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kumadalira chakudyacho.
Kuti tisunge izi chinyama, kuvala wobweretsa Kufiyira buku. Tsopano zalembedwa mosowa ndi malo okhala. Kuti muteteze pakuwonongeka, zochitika zapadera zimachitika.
Kusaka ma bandeji ndizoletsedwa ndipo moyo wake umaphunzitsidwa pobereketsa mitundu yomwe mwalandira nayo mwapadera. Tsopano izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mu ukapolo zovala zomwe zimavala zimaberekanso mosasamala.
Wolemba Red Book of Russia
Magulu awiri ovala amakhala ku Russia: South Russian ndi Semirechensky, onse omwe ali pafupi kutha. Ngati chiyembekezo cha abale ambiri apamtima chovala chija chidaseweredwa ndi kusaka kwazizilombo, cholinga chake chinali kupeza ubweya wofunika, ndiye kuti kutaya malo achilengedwe kunaphetsa mtunduwu. Kulima kwa anamwaliwo kunapangitsa kuti ziŵerenge zake zichepe kwambiri. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa makoswe, chakudya chachikulu chovala, kunathandizanso.
