Kudutsa gawo lonse la dziko lapansi, m'malo a nkhalango zowuma kapena zowuma, mutha kukumana ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimatha kuwuluka mumlengalenga popanda mapiko. Makoko ang'ono awa amatchedwa mapuloteni osasunthika, kapena gologolo wouluka. Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha nyamazi ndikuti zimawuluka kuchoka pamtengo kupita pamtengo mothandizidwa ndi zimagwira bwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala pakati pa miyendo yakumbuyo ndi kutsogolo.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Kuguba gologolo

Zouluka zouluka kapena agologolo olengedwa ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe sizimvera malamulo a mphamvu yokoka.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama:

• agologolo osavuta,
• mapiko aubweya
• agologolo agologolo olowera,
• anthu khumi.

Awa ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana okhala ndi makolo wamba. Zochita zawo zoyambira zaka zoposa 150 miliyoni zapitazo. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zapezedwa, zomwe zimakhala zaka zopitilira 150 miliyoni, zidapezeka ku China. Zouluka zakale zimatha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa mitengo yoyandikana chimodzimodzi monga agologolo amakono akuuluka.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kuuluka nyama ya gologolo

Agulugufe othawa ndimtundu wa shuga wambiri, koma amafanana kwambiri ndi mapuloteni wamba.

Zida zapadera za agologolo owuluka ndi:

• utoto wopindika pakati pa miyendo yakumbuyo ndi kutsogolo,
• ubweya wonenepa komanso wowala,
• maso akulu owonetsa.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi kukula kocheperako. Samakula kuposa 20-25 cm, komanso pamodzi ndi mchira wautali. Nthawi zambiri zazimuna zimakhala zokulirapo pang'ono komanso zamphamvu kuposa zazikazi. Maso osazolowereka, owonekera kwambiri, ozungulira komanso akuluakulu a chilombocho amamulola kuti azidzilimbitsa okha usana ndi usiku, ndipo zikhadabo zakuthwa zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda momasuka limodzi ndi nthambi ndi nduwira za mitengo.

Nyama ili ndi mutu wawung'ono wozungulira, maso akulu akuda. Tishala tarsus lalikulu, lakuthwa, lopindika pansi. Ubweya wa gologolo ndiwofewa kwambiri, wowoneka bwino komanso wosalala. Mtundu umasintha malinga ndi nyengo. M'chilimwe, agologolo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala ndimithunzi yoyera. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyama zizisuntha mosavuta komanso kuti zisawonekere kwa adani ozungulira kapena ankhanza, kukhala moyo wokangalika.

Kodi gologolo wouluka amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Agologolo akuuluka ku Moscow

Magulu agologolo akachilengedwe amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.

Mutha kukumana nawo:

• m'maiko osiyanasiyana: ku Russia, America, Europe,
• M'mayiko osiyanasiyana: Mongolia, Korea, China, ndi zina.
• kuzilumba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono: ku Japan, pa Sakhalin, pa zilumba za Kuril.

Nyama zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma kapena m'nkhalango zowola. Pazinyumba zawo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayenje akale a mitengo kapena zisa mbalame zosiyidwa. Mtundu wa imvi umathandizira kuti nyama izioneka bwino, kuphatikiza ndi birch kapena bark.

Pa gawo la Russia pali mitundu yoposa 10 ya agologolo, omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakuthupi pakati pawo:

• Siberia ndi Anadyr
• Semipalatinsk ndi Yakut,
• Ussuri ndi Sakhalin.

Mitundu imasiyana mu kuthekera kwawo kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kusinthasintha ndi kutentha kochepa. Mitundu ya Yakut ndi Anadyr imakhala ndi ubweya wautali komanso wokulirapo, womwe umawathandiza kuti asazizire kutentha kwambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya agologolo owuluka amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira komanso lotetezedwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse kuti asawombedwe ndikufafanizidwa kwathunthu ndi ozizira. M'mayiko ambiri, ndalama zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa agologolo. Koma ngakhale zoletsa ndi zoletsa zonse, agologolo ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ozizira, amawawononga chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola.

Kodi gologolo wouluka amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: squirrel Flying squirrel Red Book

Zakudya za nyamayo mwachindunji zimadalira malo omwe zimakhala. Zakudya zazikulu ndi masamba, makungwa achichepere, singano, njere kapena conesere, yomwe nyama imasungira. M'nkhalango yowola, gologolo amatulutsa zipatso kapena bowa. Mu conifers, ma cone, mtedza, singano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.

Nthawi zina nyamayi imaba mazira a mbalame ngakhale ndimapangwana oswidwa, omwe amathandizira agologolo. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazo sizigwera hibernation kwathunthu, koma sizigwira ntchito, zimakhala m'mabowo awo ndipo zimadya masheya omwe anakonzedwa m'chilimwe.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Kuuluka gologolo mwachilengedwe

Agulugufe akuuluka nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa, nthawi zambiri amakonda nkhalango kapena malo oyandikira anthu kuti azikhalamo. Masiku ano amapezeka m'mapaki amtawuni kapena m'mabwalo, m'manda kapena m'minda nkhalango.

Kuti awuluke mlengalenga pang'ono mita, gologolo akukwera pamwamba pake. Zouluka, nyamayi imafalitsa miyendo yake, ndikupanga ngati "mapiko". Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsa mlengalenga, kusintha kosuntha komanso kutalika. Mchira wautali umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa ndi kuwongolera poyenda.

Pamtengo wokutira, puloteni imayenda nthawi yomweyo pamiyendo yonse inayi moyang'anizana, yomwe imalola kuti igwiritsitse makungwa ake osagwa. Anthu owuluka amatha kuyenda limodzi ndi nthambi zamitengo, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda bwino ndikuthawa adani.

Puloteni yake yopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mabisiketi achilengedwe kapena udzu wofewa. M'nyumba imodzi nyama ziwiri zimatha kukhala nthawi imodzi. Koma ataswana, yaikazi nthawi zonse imadzilekanitsa ndikukhala payokha, kulera ana ake mwachangu ndikuwateteza ku adani a omwe angachitike.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Agologolo akuuluka ku Russia

Agologolo achikazi amabala ana kamodzi pachaka mu kuchuluka kwa agologolo akhungu ndi amaliseche. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masabata asanu. Maso a ana amatseguka patatha milungu iwiri. Kuyamwitsa mkaka kwa amayi kumatha mwezi umodzi wokha. Nthawi yonseyi, wamkazi amakhala pafupi ndi ana ake, amawawotcha ndi kutentha kwa thupi lake.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, agologolo amasiya kuyamwa mkaka wa amayi, kusintha zakudya zina zolimba. Ndipo pakatha miyezi 2,5, ana amasinthira kwathunthu ku chakudya chachikulire ndikusiya chisa chawo, kuyamba munthu wamkulu wodziimira payekha.

Munthawi yachilengedwe, agologolo osasunthika amatha kukhala ndi zaka 6-7, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 12. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pansi pa chilengedwe cha makoswe ang'onoang'ono awa pali adani ambiri olusa omwe amayesa kusangalala ndi nyama yopepuka koma yokoma.

Nthawi zambiri magologolo owuluka samazungulira nthawi yachisanu, koma nthawi imeneyi imachepetsedwa, nyama imakhala tulo, yoopsa, pafupifupi nthawi yosuntha nthawi. Khalidwe la anthu osasinthika kwenikweni silisiyana ndi zizolowezi wamba za agogo.

Amapanganso malo osungirako nthawi yachisanu, kuwabisalira m'maenje awo kuti azidya nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, nyamazo zimatola mbewu mwachisangalalo: ma cones, bowa kapena zipatso. Nyama zimamanga chomera kukhala nthambi zoonda kuti ziume ndikuwusungabe.

Adani achilengedwe akuuluka agologolo

Chithunzi: Kuguba gologolo

Mapuloteni amayenda kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito. Amatha kukwera mwaluso munthambi za mitengo, kuwuluka kupita ku mitengo yayitali kwambiri. Izi zimatiteteza ku nyama kapena mbalame zomwe zimadyera nyama. Zinyama zazing'ono kulikonse zili pachiwopsezo.

Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakonda kuzisaka zimatha kusaka: martens, ferrets, weasels. Carnivores akulu komanso owopsa - ma lynxes, coyotes amatha kuukira. Mwa alenje okhala ndi nsapato, zikhozi, chiwombankhanga, abuluzi, ndi kadzidzi zimawopsa kwambiri ku agologolo.

Chigoba chouluka chimapulumutsidwa ndi mtundu wina wachimaso womwe umawabisa kumbuyo kwa mitengo ndikupangitsa kuti adani asawone. Kutha kuwuluka pamtunda wautali kumapatsanso mwayi mwayi wowongolera komanso pogona kwa adani.

Nyamayi ikaukira, gologoloyo nthawi yomweyo amawulukira mumtengo wina, kuthawa kumuopseza. Sizovuta kwambiri kuuluka kuchokera ku mbalame yayikulu. Koma agologolo amatha kusintha njira pothawa, ndikusokoneza ngakhale kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi.

Kuwona bwino komanso kumva mwachidwi kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizitha kuyenda bwino mumdima kuti uziwone pasadakhale kapena kumva ngozi yomwe ili pafupi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kuguba gologolo kuthawa

Agologolo akuuluka chifukwa champhamvu chifukwa amatha kuuluka pakati pa mitengo yoyandikana yomwe inalekanitsidwa patali kwambiri. Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro akuthwa, ochezeka, amasewera osavulaza.

Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amawazolowera mbuye wawo, samachokamo. Chifukwa chake, lero ndi otchuka kwambiri ngati ziweto. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka munyumba wamba komanso nyumba zapadera.

Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu ya agologolo owuluka ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusaka nyama yapaderayi ndizochepa. Ubweya wa Mammal siwofunikira. Ndi kukopa kwakunja kwa khungu, zikopa ndizochepa thupi ndipo sizingapangidwe bwino kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.

M'khola lolimba, nyama zimamera mizu kwambiri, chifukwa zimafunikira malo akuluakulu kuti adumphe. Nyama ikaloledwa kuyendayenda m'chipindacho, imamva bwino kwambiri ndikuyenda mosangalala kuchokera kuchipinda kupita kuchifuwa cha ovala, kusewera mwachangu ndi ana kapena ziweto zina.

Kuthamangitsa Gulu Lachikondwerero

Chithunzi: Gologolo wofiira wagologolo

Kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe koipidwa kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni padziko lonse lapansi, ku Russia kapena mayiko a CIS. Popeza kuchuluka kwa agologolo masiku ano kukuchepetsedwa kwambiri ku Russia, nyamayo idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo ili m'manja mwa chitetezo. Koma kuchepa kwa manambala sikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake simungadandaule za kusowa kwathunthu kwa mitunduyi kuchokera ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi.

Nyama zazing'ono zazikulu zokhala ndi maso akulu amatha kukonda kwambiri mbuye wawo. Ndiwovuta kwambiri kulekerera kusungulumwa komanso kusasamala. Ndikofunika kutengera ana mpaka zaka 2 kuti zithandizire kuti nyama izisinthasintha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ziweto ndi manja, zomwe zimathandiza kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi nyama.

Agologolo nyama zapakhomo, koma ali mu ukapolo amakonzanso zochitika zawo zamtundu wa moyo wa anthu. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu azikhala ndi nyumba zawozake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti apange chidebe chapadera kapena khola lalikulu, pomwe payenera kukhala chingwe cha ubweya wa thonje kapena ubweya. Kutenga mkati mwa phokoso la ubweya wabwino, nyama imakhala yotetezeka komanso kugona mokwanira.

Mukakhala kundende, muyenera kudyetsa chiweto ndi chakudya chapadera, chomwe chili ndi mphutsi, mbozi kapena tizilombo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya champhaka wamba chodyetsa mapuloteni. Ndikofunika kupatsa nyamayo msuzi watsopano, uchi kapena zipatso tsiku lililonse. Madzi mu mbale yakumwa ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika mchere wa protein wowonjezera bwino kuti mulinso mchere. Mutha kuwonjezera tchizi wamba kapena yogati yopanda mafuta ku nyama.

Popeza agologolo owuluka amafunikira malo aufulu ambiri kulumpha tsiku ndi tsiku, muyenera kuwapatsa mwayi kuti azungulire nyumba. Kukhala ndikuzungulira mozungulira makabati ndi mashelufu, nyamayo imalowe m'nyumba yake ndikupumula.

Zosangalatsa komanso zokoma gologolo wouluka imakopa chidwi cha obereketsa ambiri ndi okonda zosowa. Pogula gologolo, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti atatha kusintha nyumba ya munthu, kumalo achilengedwe, sadzakhalanso ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anira ndi kusalola nyama kupita mumsewu, kusiya izi kuti zichitike mwachisawawa ndi kufa kwina.

Agulu othawa

Gulugufe wouluka kapena gologolo wouluka ndi lingaliro laling'ono lomwe ndi la banja la squirrel ndi gulu la a Mammals. Masiku ano, makoswe ndi okhawo oimira banja lino lomwe likukhala m'gawo lathu.

Moyo

Agologolo owuluka amawonetsa zomwe adachita chaka chonse, koma nthawi imodzimodzi amasankha kukhala ndi moyo wamadzulo kapena wamadzulo. Akazi omwe atanganidwa kudyetsa ana awo amatha kukhala ndi chidwi masana. Monga lamulo, nyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri kufunafuna chakudya. Kuti adzipangire chisa chokha, gologoloyu akuuluka pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yakale koma yamphamvu, komanso zisa zamiyala wamba ndi zisa za nkhuni. M'malo mwake, nyamayi ndiyosamala posankha malo a chisa, motero sizimamanga zisa kulikonse. Pali nthawi zina pamene chisa cham'madzi chimapezeka m'miyala yamiyala, komanso m'nyumba zapafupi ndi anthu, kuphatikizapo nyumba zopangira mbalame.

Chisa cha gologolo wouluka ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pomwe pomanga nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito zouma ndi mbewa, kuphatikiza zitsamba zowuma zosiyanasiyana. Agologolo amatha kukhala awiriawiri zisa, chifukwa zolengedwa izi ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo sizisonyezana mkwiyo. Nthawi yokha yomwe mkazi amakhala wokwiya ndi pamene amakhala ndi mwana. Agulugufe othawa sakhala ndi malo odyetsa amodzi poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zinyama, ngakhale nthawi zonse amayenda m'njira zodyetsa zomwezo.

Mphindi yosangalatsa! Kukhalapo kwa agologolo owuluka kumatha kutsimikizika ndi milu yodabwitsa ya zinyalala, kukumbukira kwa mazira a nyerere, koma mawonekedwe owala achikasu.

Monga agologolo wamba, agologolo akuuluka amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse pamitengo ndikuyesera kuti akhale pansi osafunikira kwenikweni. Ulusi, womwe umapezeka pakati pa miyendo yakumaso ndi kumbuyo, umagwira gawo la parachute, motero nyamayo imasuntha mosavuta kuchoka pamtengo kupita pamtengo, imayenda mtunda wopitilira mamitala makumi asanu nthawi imodzi, pomwe mitundu ina imatha kuphimba mtunda wa mamita opitilira zana. Kuti achite kulumpha kwakutali, nyamayo imakwera pamtengo. Kuuluka kumachitika chifukwa chakuti gologolo amaika kwambiri miyendo yakutsogolo, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo pakanthawiyo imakanikizidwa kumchira. Squirrel imatha kusintha mayendedwe othawa mpaka madigiri 90. Mchira umatenganso gawo pamtunduwu, komanso pakuwuka.

Njira yodzala pamtengo ndiyosangalatsa, chifukwa nyamayo imangoyimirira, ikamatirira pamtengo. Atafika, gologoloyo amasunthira kumbuyo kwa mtengo kuti asakope chidwi cha adani osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.

Agologolo akuuluka, monga mitundu ina ya agologolo, amayenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu mu korona zamitengo, akulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira nyama yaying'ono iyi pakati pa nthambi za mitengo ndizovuta. Nyamayi imakhalanso ndi utoto wapadera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyamayo izikhala yokhayokha poyerekeza ndi mitengo. Kutayamba kwamadzulo, m'nkhalangomo mumatha kumva mawu a agologolo akuuluka, omwe akuoneka ngati kulira, osati mokweza kwambiri.

Ndi agologolo angati omwe amakhala

Chifukwa cha zotsala zomwe zapezedwa, zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti agologolo owuluka amakhala nthawi ya Miocene. Wokhala m'tchire, nthawi yayitali moyo wanyamayi ndi pafupi zaka 6. Kukhala mu ukapolo, nyama ikapatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera komanso zakudya zapamwamba kwambiri, agologolo akuuluka amatha kukhala nthawi ziwiri.

Habitat

Kodi agologolo amakhala kuti? Mutha kupeza ntchentche zoseketsa zam'chilimwe mu gawo lalikulu la Russian Federation, komanso m'nkhalango za North America ndi Europe. Nyama zimakonda nkhalango zobiriwira, komanso nkhalango zowirira.

Popeza malongosoledwe a agologolo akuwonetsa kuti nyama zimatha kupanga mapulani, zimakhazikika pamwamba pa mitengo. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera luso lawo lothawa, komanso zimawateteza mosateteza ku adani.

Agologolo agulugufe amakhala m'maenje a mitengo kapena zisa mbalame.

Chifukwa china chomwe agologolo agulugufe adasankha chilengedwechi ndi mtundu wawo wa imvi. Zimakhala ngati zobisika zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza ndi khungwa la mitengo.

Agulu owuluka

Agogo owuluka ali a banja la agologolo, malinga ndi makoswe. Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi sanasiyanitse nyama kukhala gulu logawikana, koma mawonekedwe apadera mu kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mawonekedwe a momwe adapangira moyo adapangitsa kuti azitha kuzindikira makoswe pazinthu zawo zachilengedwe.

Mitundu 36 ya agologolo. Pali mtundu umodzi wokha wokhala ku Russia. Ili ndi gologolo wamba wamba. Ndi membala wa gulu la ku Europe. Gulu ili lidakali gologolo ku Japan, lomwe limatchedwa momonga. Kodi gologolo wamba wamunthu wamba ndi wotani? Kodi amakhala kuti? Amakhala bwanji?

Onani mafotokozedwe

Agogo onse agologolo ali ndi gawo limodzi lodziwika. Ndi zazing'ono kukula, kupatula nyama zazikulu. Amakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, makutu ang'onoang'ono a m'maso, maso akuda akuda ndi membala wamkati pakati pa miyendo yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Chifukwa cha nembanemba imeneyi, mapuloteni amatha kudumpha kuchokera patali.

M'magulu wamba, amalumpha amtunda wamtunda wa 90. M'mabungwe akuluakulu, kutalika kwa kudumpha kumaposa 120 m, ndichifukwa chake nyamayo idatchedwa "gologolo wouluka".

Kuyang'ana chirombo, zikuwoneka kuti akuwuluka, akukonzekera. Nembanemba imalola nyama kuti isinthe mozungulira mlengalenga. Kuchita izi nthawi zambiri kumapulumutsa makoswe ochepa a moyo.

M'manja mwa gologolo pali fupa lalitali, komwe zimamangiriridwa. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, khola lanyumba limalumikizidwa kumbali yakumanzere. Pakuwuluka, gologolo wouluka akufalikira kutsogolo, fupa limasunthira mbali.

Izi zimawonjezera gawo la khola. Zimathandizira kuti chiweto chizitsika pang'onopang'ono, kuti chisagwere pansi ndi mwala. Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:

• kutalika kwa thupi la gologolo wamba wochokera pa 12 mpaka 22 cm, kumakutidwa ndi ubweya, makamaka ubweya wakuda nthawi yachisanu mu nyama zomwe zimapezeka ku Siberia, mpaka posachedwapa adagulitsa, adalembedwa mu Red Book,
• Kutalika kwa mchira ndi ½ gawo la thupi, tsitsi limakhala lotalikirapo, koma ngati kuti limasungunuka kuyambira pakati kupita kumbali, kuchokera mchirawu umawoneka kuti wagwedezeka pang'ono, umakhala gawo lothamanga,
• avareji ya nyama ndi 170 g,
• Maso a nyama ali otumphuka, ozungulira, agologolo owuluka amawonekera bwino mumdima,
• Mutu wake ndi waung'ono, wamtambo pang'ono, wopanda makutu, wozungulira malekezero.
• miyendo ndi yayifupi, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa kutsogolo, miyendo imakhala yoluka champhamvu, mothandizidwa ndi agologolo kudutsa pamitengo, milomo imathandizira nyamayo kuti ikhalebe pachimtengo pa nthawi yomaliza kuthawa.

Mtundu wa ubweya mwa mitundu ya mitundu wamba ukhoza kukhala mitundu iwiri. M'chilimwe, ubweya sukulira, utoto ndi wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wakuda. M'dzinja, nyama imapindika. Ubweya umakhala wonenepa, ubweya umasanduka siliva.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zomwe agologolo owuluka amadya ndi funso losangalatsa, chifukwa mndandanda wawo umadalira malo omwe amakhala.

Komabe, chakudya chachikulu cha nyama ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono pamitengo, nthawi zina, makungwa a mitengo. Ndikothekanso kudya singano zazing'ono, mbewu za conifers.

Kodi gologolo amadya chiyani kuthengo? Bowa ndi zipatso, ngati zikupezeka m'nkhalangoyi, zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku malonda omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kale ogulitsa agologolo.

Komabe, muzakudya izi mumakhalanso mbale yofunikira kwambiri, yomwe mapuloteni samangodya, komanso m'masitolo. Mphete za Alder ndi birch zidasanduka zabwino.

Asayansi amati nthawi zina, gologolo wouluka amatha kuwononga zisa za mbalame mwa kudya anapiye ndi mazira.

Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti nthawi yozizira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukumana ndi gologolo wamba, popeza ntchito zawo zimatsika kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yotentha zimakhala chakudya chawo. Zakudya izi nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyama, zomwe osaka amafunafuna nyambo.

Kuswana

Kuphunzira kubala kwa nyama izi zinali zisanakhale zabwino kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zimadziwika kuti agologolo achikazi akuuluka agologolo agalu kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi zambiri, ana amakhala ochokera m'magulu awiri mpaka anayi.

Mimba imangokhala milungu 5 yokha. Ana agawidwa m'magulu awiri. Woyamba ukupezeka mu Epulo-Meyi, wachiwiri - mu June-Julayi. Ana obadwa amabadwa amaliseche ndi khungu. Maso mu makanda otseguka pambuyo pa masiku 15.

Ana amachoka pachisa koyamba pokhapokha masiku 36-41. Pambuyo pamasiku a 43-45, achinyamata amapanga kulumpha kwawo koyamba, ndipo patatha masiku 50, ana amafikira pakulamba ndikuyamba kudzisamalira.

Nthawi yamoyo ya nyamayi imachokera zaka 9 mpaka 13 kuthengo (kutengedwa) mpaka zaka 5 zakutchire. Kusiyana kotereku kwakanthawi kumakhala kuti ambiri amadana ndi agologolo.

Mphamvu ndi Chitetezo

Chiwerengero cha nyama izi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake amaletsedwa kuzisaka. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazo zamtunduwu zimasungidwa kwambiri, monga zikuwonetsera kuti gologolo wouluka walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Ngakhale kuti ubweya wa nyama ndi wandiweyani komanso wofewa, ulibe phindu lililonse, chifukwa umawonongeka mosavuta.

Mwachitsanzo, agologolo aku Japan olowera, adalembedwanso Red Book chifukwa choti satha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira yozizira.

Koma agologolo aku Siberiya akuwuluka sakhala obisala, koma amasiyanitsidwa ndikuti amatha kugona masiku angapo motsatizana nyengo yachisanu.

Zosangalatsa

Zambiri zosangalatsa za gologolo wouluka:

1. Mtunda wothamanga wa squirrel ukhoza kukhala wamamita 50. Komabe, asayansi anachita zoyeserera, ndipo mtunda wawukulu kwambiri anali 90 metres.
2. Kusiyana kwa gologolo wamba ndi gologolo wouluka ndikuti ndikapezeka nati, yachilendoyo imaphwanya kuti ipeze kilo, koma gologolo wowuluka amapanga dzenje.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti agologolo amakhala m'nkhalangozi, ndipo amadya nthangala za conifers. Agulugufe akamauluka amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zowola. Amasankha malo omwe birch, alder, alder, aspen amakula.

Agologolo agulugufe amakhala m'maenje akale ndi zisa. Nthawi zina m'nyumba za mbalame pamakhala malo, omwe amaikiramo nkhokwe kapena paki. Nyama zimaphimba zisa zawo ndi moss ndi udzu wouma:

• Kukhazikika kwa agologolo amtunda kuli kwakukulu. Amakhala ku Scandinavia, m'nkhalango za East Germany,
• Nyama zimapezeka kudera la Amur, ku China, kudera lachi Korea.
• agologolo omwe amakhala ndi malo ogulitsa pafupi ndi mitsinje Oka, Kolomna,
• amatha kukwera m'mapiri, pomwe amabisala m'miyala yamiyala. Nyamazo zidapezeka ku Altai, kumapiri a Mongolia,
• mdera lokhala m'nkhalango, agulugufe zouluka ndiofala mdera la Volga, kuyambira Kazan mpaka Nizhny Novgorod,
• zinyama ndizofala m'dera la Smolensk kupita ku Belarus.

About agologolo agulugufe, zambiri zosangalatsa zidasonkhanitsidwa. Pakakhala zoopsa, iwo amakwera pamwamba pomwe pamtengo kuti amalumphe. Nyama zimatha kutsatira munthu.

Amamutsata kuchokera kumtengo kupita pamtengo, osamuletsa. Munthu akasamuka kutali ndi chisa, nyamazo zimabwereranso kwawo.

Agologolo amadya nthangala za mitengo, zipatso. Nyama zimasunga nyengo yachisanu. Nyama zimadyera makungwa kapena khungwa laling'ono la aspen ndi alder. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, amadya bowa ndi zipatso, koma osapanga. Anthu pawokha amadziwa kuti amawola mwachangu.

Chithandizo cha nyama ndi mazira. Agulugufe othawa nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za mbalame. Nyengo yachilimwe, amatha kudya tizilombo tomwe tili pamitengo yomwe ili pansi pa khungwa.

Kufotokozera kwamkati

Agulugufe akuuluka amasiyana ndi agologolo omwe ali ndi maso akulu, kupezeka kwa membrane wa khungu pakati pa miyendo yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Izi zokhala ndi ubweya waubweya ndizofunikira pakuthamanga. Fupa lamkati kapena cartilage limachoka m'chiwuno, chomwe chimathandizira mbali yakunja yakumaso kwa membrane ndikuwonjezera madera ake pakukangana. Pakadumpha, nembanemba imatambalala. Tsitsi lomera lalitali limagawika mbali ziwiri ndipo mchira wake umawoneka wosalala, umakhazikika pamlengalenga. Mtundu wa kuthawa umatengera mtundu wa agologolo owuluka ndi mtunda, ndipo umasiyana kuchokera pa 15-30 mamita kwa agologolo ang'onoang'ono m'nkhalango zathyathyathya mpaka 100-120 m kwa agogo akulu.

Zochitika Pazakudya Zazakudya

Agulugufe othawa amadya masamba osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana, malangizo, kuwombera, singano zazing'ono, ndi mbewu za conifers (paini, larch); chilimwe, amaphatikiza bowa ndi zipatso muzakudya zawo. Amatha kutchera makungwa a msondodzi, msipu, masamba, mapu. Chakudya chachikulu cha agologolo owuluka ndi alder and catir, omwe nyama imasungira nyengo yozizira, m'maenje.

Nthawi zina amadya anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame. Mwambiri, chakudya chamagulu agologolo chimadalira malo omwe mitundu imakhala. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa nyengo yozizira, gologolo wouluka amadya masamba a larch okha.

M'nyengo yozizira, agologolo owuluka sakhala otakataka kwenikweni. Samachita hibernate, koma masiku achisanu amakhala pachisa, akudya zakudya zawo.

Ndi angati akukhala?

Mwachilengedwe, mapuloteni samakhala oposa zaka 5. Ngakhale ali ndiusiku, ali ndi adani ambiri. Zofunikira kwambiri ndizo kadzidzi ndi mart. Nthawi zina makina amawagwirira. Zikhozi zimathira makoswe kuthawa. Kuti adzipulumutse okha ku mbalame yomwe amadya, agologolo owuluka amawombera mlengalenga.

Tsoka ilo, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuti agologolo athawe kwa adani. Ma Marten ndi ma boti amatha kukwera zisa kupita kuzinyama kuti akazipeze agologolo.

Kunyumba, agologolo owuluka amtundu wamba sakhala kwenikweni. Amafuna malo obisika. Ali ndi kufunika kolumpha, kupanga maulendo ataliatali, koma amapezeka kumalo osungira nyama.

Ali muukapolo, moyo wawo ndi zaka 13, koma kupangitsa kukhala kosangalatsa ndi kovuta.

Agologolo owuluka agologolo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi agologolo akuuluka aku marsupial. Mwachilengedwe, amapanga banja lawo. Zimaphatikizapo zidzukulu zam'madzi, posum, squirrel zouluka. Mitundu ina ya zinyama imasungidwa kunyumba. Izi zimaphatikizapo shuga posum, gologolo ndi mzere wamizere.

Agologolo wamba owuluka amagwira ntchito osati nthawi yotentha, komanso nthawi yozizira. Sagona hibernation, koma amatha kugona mpaka masiku awiri. Amatha kupita kudziko lapansi kokha munthawi yotentha kuti akapeze chakudya chawo. Akatswiri akuti matimu a agologolo akuuluka ali ofanana ndi magulu amtundu wamba wamatchire.

Nyama zimasinthasintha. Sali ankhanza, koma amanyazi kwambiri. Sizachilendo kuwadyetsa ndi manja anu. Zisoni zitha kuwonetsedwa ndi zazikazi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana. Amatha kuimba maphokoso, kuwombera, kuwonetsa zingwe zawo zazikulu.

Pakati pawo nyama zimalumikizana kudzera m'mawu. Ngati gologolo akung'ung'udza, zikutanthauza kuti ali bwino.

Eni ake omwe ali ndi chiweto chachilendo amati amangozolowera. Kuti azisamalira pakhomo, nthawi yomweyo amapeza okwatirana, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena akazi okhaokha. Nyama zimafunika kulumikizana ndi abale awo. Mwiniwakeyo akhoza kulowanso m'malo mwake.

Ndekha, agologolo amatha kukhala okhumudwa. Mapuloteni apanyanja satero nthawi yomweyo. Ayenera kukhala atazolowera mwini wake. Amamupatsa chakudya mosamala. Amatha kugwira dzanja ndi zida zake zamphamvu.

Kufalikira Kuuluka

Agologolo agulugufe amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma ndi zosakanikirana ndi aspen, birch ndi alder. Ku Europe ku Russia amasungidwa pafupi ndi madambo ndi mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalangozi, koma m'madera omwe mitengo yabwino imamera. Ku Siberia amakhala m'mitengo yayitali ya larch, mu burs ndi nkhalango za birch. Agulugufe akuuluka nalonso amatalika kwambiri m'mapiri, m'nkhalango zamapiri.

Gologolo squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus)

Kutalika kwa thupi 50-60 masentimita, mchira kutalika kwa 38-48 cm.Ulusi wamkono wachikopa pakati pa miyendo yokutidwa ndi ubweya. Mchira wake ndiwofewetsa, ubweya pakhungu ndiwopindika. Kumbuyo kulijambulidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira, tummy ndi imvi. Ubweya pakhosi ndi makutu ndi oyera poterera, oyera pamiyendo. Zovala siziyankhula.

Amakhala kumpoto kwa Himalayas, kumpoto kwa Pakistan ndi Tibet, m'malo amiyala ataliatali 2400-3800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri womwe umawopsezedwa ndikutha ndipo umachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Chiwerengero chonse chiri pagulu lapa anthu 1000 mpaka 3000.

Agologolo awiri azithunzi (Hylopetes alboniger)

Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 18-25 masentimita, mchirawo umachokera pa 17 mpaka 236. Unyinji umachokera ku 200 mpaka 270 g. kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi kofiirira kofiirira, mbali, miyendo ndi kumtunda kwa mchirawo ndi imvi yakuda komanso yakuda. Tummy ndi kirimu, mmero ndi loyera, masaya ndi imvi.

Pali mawonekedwe kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ku Nepal, Bhutan, India ndi Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia ndi Vietnam. Amakhala pamtunda wamtunda wa 1500-3400 m pamwamba pa nyanja, ku Himalaya - mpaka 4000 m.

Gologolo wamkulu waku India wozungulira (Petaurista philippensis)

Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 43 cm, mchira wa amuna umakhala mpaka 50 cm, mwa akazi mpaka 52 cm, kulemera kwa akulu kuli pafupifupi 1.65 kg. Ubweya wake ndi wakuda kapena wakuda, mphuno yake ndi yotuwa.

Imapezeka ku China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam ndi Thailand, Sri Lanka ndi Taiwan, komwe imakhala pamalo okwera kuyambira 100 mpaka 2500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Khalidwe louluka

Agulugufe akuuluka ndi nyama zamakhalidwe zomwe sizimatsikira pansi, mitundu yokhayo imakhala m'malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri. Agologolo agulugufe amakhala pamwamba pa korona zamitengo, pomwe amawuluka kuchokera pamtengo kupita kumtengo. Paukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 10-15, mu vivo ukufika zaka 5 zokha.

Nthawi ya ntchito imagwera usiku. Agologolo akuuluka nthawi yayitali amakhala akusaka chakudya. Chisa chimamangidwa pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 12 m, m'maenje a mitengo, pamiyala yamiyala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zisa zamiyendo. Imatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi munthu m'nyumba zopangidwa ndi mbalame. Chisa cha squirrel chouluka chimakhala ndi udzu wofewa, mbewa, udzu wouma.

Agogo akuuluka ndi nyama zopanda nkhanza, sizikhala ndi masamba osiyana ndi ena, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Kukomoka kumawonetsedwa ndi akazi okha munthawi yodyetsa ana.