White-eye ndi nsomba ya mumtsinje yodziwika bwino kwa asodzi ambiri ndi agalu. Dzinalo Lachilatini limamveka ngati "abramis sapa", koma limadziwika bwino ndi nyumba zotchulidwa ngati sopa (sapa) kapena woneneza. Kodi nsomba zimasiyana bwanji? Kodi amakhala bwanji, amadya ndi kubereka? Kodi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji ndipo chimakopedwa kuti? Mudziwa zambiri pansipa.

Zochita Ndi Diso Loyera

Diso loyera ndi nsomba zamtsinje ndipo sizimapezeka m'madzi amchere. Komabe, malo omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kwachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka kutali ndi malo ena aliwonse okhala ndi Russian Federation. Nthawi zambiri, khunkha amapezeka:
M'mitsinje yomwe mumayenda Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov.

• Pa Dvina Wakumpoto.
• M'mitsinje Vychegda ndi Volkhov.
• Mu Nyanja ya Aral.
• Nthawi zina, diso loyera limapezeka ku Kama (misonkho).

Akatswiri ambiri omwe sakhala akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti malo okhala sopa amagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malo omwe amapangidwako. Komabe, sizili choncho ayi. Mosiyana ndi phokoso loyera ndi zoyera, zofalitsa zili ponseponse. Makamaka, nsomba yoyamba imatha kupezeka ku Siberia ndi matupi amadzi akumpoto, pomwe ma glanders samasinthidwa ndi madzi ozizira otere.

Kapangidwe ka khungu loyera

Kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba yayikulu kutalika kuyambira 35 mpaka 45 cm. Komabe, imakhala ndi minyewa yambiri yowonda, motero kulemera kwa munthu m'modzi imatha kufika 1.5 kg. Kunja, diso loyera limawoneka ngati breamu, koma thupi lake limakhala lalitali kutalika.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba ndi maso, omwe amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malo ammutu wa glanders. Ali ndi iris yoyera yokhala ndi siliva wosinthika, chifukwa chake dzina loyera lidatchedwa dzina.

Miyezo ya nsomba ndiyonso silvery; thupi lakumbuyo limasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wakuda. Zipsepse zimachita imvi, m'mphepete zimakhala ndimdima wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Kukula kwa flake iliyonse ndikokulira. Mzere wapakati wa sopa uli ndi masikelo pafupifupi makumi asanu.

Zokhudza mchitidwe wamaso oyera

M'madzi osaya, mungapeze nsomba zochepa zokha. Oyimira achikulire a mtunduwu amakonda kupezeka pamadzi akuya. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

M'nyengo yozizira, maso oyera amayesa kusambira m'mbali mwa mitsinje, ali ndi maenje akuya, ndipo kasupe amasunthira kumalo komwe amapezeka matupi amadzi. Nthawi zambiri kuwaza kumakhala kotheka madzi atayamba kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 12 Celsius. Mazira ndi okulirapo. Maso awo oyera amayang'ana m'malo omwe kumakhala madzi abwino. Chonde chimachokera ku mazira 8 mpaka 13,000.

Zakudya zamataya ndizosiyanasiyana. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakonda plankton microscopic, pomwe maso oyera akudya msipu ndi nyama (nsikidzi, akangaude, ntchentche) chakudya.

Msodzi wamba umakhala wam'madzi kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 15.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zamaso oyera

Nsombazo zilibe phindu lililonse pamalonda. Nthawi zina amalowa muulamuliro wa asodzi akatswiri ukamedza nsomba.
Komabe, okonda kusodza oona amakonda kuyera kwamaso chifukwa ndi kovuta kugwira. Kukhalapo kwa chikondwerero chotere mumapikisoni kumawonetsa ukadaulo wazambiri komanso chidziwitso chachikulu cha asodzi.

Diso loyera ndilovuta kuwona komanso zovuta kuligwira. Amakonda kukhala mwakuya, kuwonekera pa osaya kokha munthawi yamatchire. Koma asodzi akakhala kuti atenga glanders, adzakhala ndi mwayi wosangalala ndi nyama yoyera yoyera, yomwe imakonda kwambiri nyama yokazinga, yophika komanso yowuma.

Nsomba zokhala ndi maso: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

M'mawonekedwe, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa nsomba ndi bream, bream ya buluu ndi bream siliva. Mitundu yonse ya nsomba iyi ndi yogwirizana, koma yoyera imakhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lathyathyathya, imatalika mpaka masentimita 45. Kulemera kwa nsomba kumafika kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, koma nthawi zambiri anthu ang'onoang'ono amangogwidwa. Mutuwu ndi waukulu, wotupa, wotupa. Munthuyo ali ndi maso akulu oyera ngati siliva, motero amatchedwa dzinalo.

Mitengo yautali, yolimba. Kumbuyo kuli mphotho lalifupi, mpaka ma 9 nthambi. Ma anal anal ndi akulu, okhala ndi ma ray a 36 mpaka 41. Zipsepse ndi imvi. Mamba awo ndi akulu, a silvery monophonic, kumbuyo kumada.

Zikuti

Maso oyera amakhala makamaka pagulu laling'ono. Amakonda nthawi yozizira m'maenje akuya omwe ali m'munsi mwa mitsinje. Kumalo osunthika, omwe amakhala kumtunda kwa mitsinje, amabwerera kumapeto kulikonse. White-eye imapezeka kokha ku Europe zone of Russia.

• Nyanja Yakuda, Caspian, Dera lamtsinje wa Aral,
• Madzi a mitsinje ya Volkhov, Vychegda, Severnaya Dvina,
• nthawi zina pamtsinje wa Kama ndi m'milandu yake.

Akuluakulu amakonda madera akuya okhala ndi malo akulu akulu ndi pansi. Moyo woyambirira wa mwachangu umapezeka m'madzi osaya, komwe kupangika kunachitika. Diso loyera silimapezeka pamitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja;

Zomwe zimadya

Nsomba zimakula mwachangu pazaka zoyambirira za moyo, pakadali pano kukula kwake kumakhala kutalika kwa 5 cm, muzaka zotsatila kumakhala kuchepa, koma kulemera kwa thupi la munthu kumakula kwambiri. Kulemera kwa nsomba zokhala ndi zaka zitatu ndi pafupifupi magalamu 60, pazaka 4 - magalamu 150, pambuyo pake imafika magalamu 250.

Amadziwika kuti zakudya zimatengera nthawi ya chaka: M'chilimwe amakonda kudya zakudya zamasamba, nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira - nyama. Mitundu yonse yamadzi am'madzi ilipo mukudya. Achichepere ndi mwachangu amadya makamaka pazinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimasambira momasuka m'madzi. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi mphutsi zakhungu. Akakula, chakudya chimapangidwanso, chimakhala chokwanira komanso chosiyanasiyana, nsomba zimadya pansi ma invertebrates, mollusks, crustaceans, udzudzu. M'moyo wonse, diso loyera silimafunikira zakudya zambiri.

Zakudya zakumwa zimasiyanasiyana nyengo: nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yophukira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha nyama, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kusintha kwa masamba. Chakudya, nsomba iyi, imalowa pansi pamadzi, nthawi zambiri mchenga wokhala ndi silt umalowa mkamwa.

Kubala ndi kufalikira

Kutha kwa nsomba kumachitika pafupi ndi zaka zisanu. Pakadali pano, kutalika kwa diso loyera kuli pafupifupi 20-22 cm, kulemera kwa thupi kumafika magalamu 200-250. Akazi okhwima chaka chimodzi chotsatira kuposa amuna. Kutentha kochepa m'madzi kukafika pamtunda wina wa madigiri 10-12, kuwundana kwa nthawi imodzi kumayamba. Izi, monga lamulo, zimachitika m'zidikha za mitsinje, mkati mwa Epulo.

Mazira amaso oyera ndi okulirapo kuposa omwe amakhala am'mimba, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi 1.8 mm. Kutambalala kumachitika m'malo okhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso pansi kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu nsomba chimasiyanasiyana, kutengera kutalika kwa thupi ndi msodzi wa nsomba. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu, zimakhala ndi chonde kwambiri. Chonde chenicheni chimachokera ku mazira 12 mpaka 20,000. Mazira otayidwa amayamba kusunthika, pokhapokha atayamba kusuntha.

Diso loyera: kupindula ndi kuvulaza

Nyama ya maso oyera ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ili ndi vitamini PP yambiri komanso mchere. Vitamini PP imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, kudyetsa mitsempha yamagazi, ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Chifukwa chake, nsomba ndizothandiza mukalamba. Maminolo amaimiridwa ndi zinthu zina monga fluorine, zinc, chromium. Ndipo kukhala bwino kwamafupa ndi mano kumadalira sulufu ndi phosphorous, zomwe zimapezeka munyama yama nsomba.

Ubwino waukulu wa nsomba ndiwakuti imangokhala m'malo osungirako ndi madzi oyera, chifukwa zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zowononga ndi poizoni ndizochepa.

Palibe zovulaza zomwe zapezeka mu nsomba, kusaloledwa payekha kwa chinthu chomwe chingapezeke.

Onani zomwe "Diso, Kutayira" lili mumatanthauzira ena:

Kutaya - eye, sopa, glanders (Abramis Sapa) nsomba kuchokera ku banja la cyprinids, mtundu wa bream (Abramis). Nthawi zambiri dzina la sop limaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wina, A. ballerus bale, pomwe C. amasiyana kwambiri mamba okulirapo ndi kansalu kakakulu. Maso kwambiri ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron

Diso laling'ono - gibber (Abramis sapa Pall.) Ndi nsomba yaying'ono yamadzi oyera kuchokera ku banja la cyprinidae, gulu lotseguka lotseguka (Physostomi), ndi gulu la bony (Telestei). Kuti mumve za mtundu wa Abramis, onani Bream. Thupi lolimba kwambiri pambuyo pake lokwera maulendo 4 ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron

Apa, diso - gibber (Abramis sapa Pall.) Ndi nsomba yaying'ono yamadzi oyera kuchokera ku banja la cyprinidae, gulu lotseguka lotseguka (Physostomi), ndi gulu la bony (Telestei). Kuti mumve za mtundu wa Abramis, onani Bream. Thupi lolimba kwambiri pambuyo pake lokwera maulendo 4 ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron