Nthano imati kamodzi, mizimu yoyipa idatemberera anthu okhala padziko lapansi, ambiri adamwalira chifukwa cha matenda opweteka. Anthu adayamba kupempha milungu kuti athandizidwe, miyamba idagwidwa ndi chisoni ndikuvutika ndipo idatumiza mthenga wawo kudziko lapansi - amphamvu mkango woyeraomwe, kudzera mu nzeru zake, adaphunzitsa anthu kulimbana ndi matenda ndikulonjeza kuti adzawateteza m'nthawi yovuta. Amakhulupirira kuti bola ngati mikango yoyera ipezeka padziko lapansi, palibe malo m'mitima ya anthu yovutika ndi kukhumudwa.
Mikango yoyera - Tsopano ndizowona, koma posachedwa adangotchulidwa ngati nthano yokongola, chifukwa samakumana konse m'chilengedwe. Mu 1975, asayansi awiri ofufuza omwe adaphunzira zanyama za ku Africa ndipo atatha chaka chimodzi kufunafuna kuti mikango yoyera idapeza mwangozi adapeza ana atatu oyera oyera obadwa ndi mkango wamkati wokhala ndi maso abuluu ngati thambo. Ana a mkango adayikidwa kumalo osungirako nyama kuti atulutsire mtundu wa mfumu yanthano ya nyama - mkango woyera.
Pakadali pano pali anthu mazana atatu pa dziko lapansi, mtunduwu, womwe udatayika kale ku mtundu wa anthu. Tsopano mkango woyera si nyama yomwe imakhala kumapeto kwachifumu ku Africa, mikango yamakhalidwe yotetezedwa imatetezedwa ndikupanga malo abwino osungirako zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mikango ili m'gulu la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, gulu la zilombo, komanso banja la mphaka. Amakhala ndi ubweya wachidule, utoto wonyezimira wa chipale chofewa womwe umakhala mumdima kuchokera pakubadwa kwa nyama ndipo wachikulire amatenga utoto waminyanga. Pa nsonga ya mchira, mkango woyera umakhala ndi burashi yaying'ono, yomwe ili yakuda mwa abale ofiira.
Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumatha kufika pafupifupi 330 cm, mkango wa mkango nthawi zambiri umakhala wocheperako - 270 cm. Kulemera kwa mkango woyera zimasiyana kuchokera ku 190 mpaka 310 kg. Mikango kuchokera ku akazi imasiyanitsidwa ndi chingwe chachikulu cha ubweya wakuda ndi wautali, womwe umayamba kukula pamutu, m'mbali mwa muzzle komanso mosadukiza umadutsa m'mbali. Kukongola kwa mlengalenga kumapereka chilombo kwa mfumu komanso maonekedwe ake amphamvu, zonse zimatha kukopa zazikazi komanso kuwopseza omenyana achimuna.
Mwasayansi zikutsimikizira kuti nyama izi si maalubino. Pali mikango yoyera yokhala ndi miyambo yonse ya buluu komanso yowoneka bwino. Kuperewera kwa mitundu ya khungu ndi chovala kumawonetsa kusowa kwa jini lapadera.
Asayansi akuyerekezera kuti zaka 20,000 zapitazo mikango yoyera ya africa ndimakhala madzi oundana ndi matalala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ali ndi khungu loyera ngati chipale, lomwe limakhala chobisalira bwino kwambiri pakusaka. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo pa dziko lapansi, mikango yoyera idakhala kumapiri ndi malo otentha.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wowala, mkango umakhala nyama yosavutikanso, yomwe pakusaka sikungathawire chakudya chokwanira.
Ndipo kwa ozizira, khungu lowala la nyama ndiye chiphaso chofunikira kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kwa mikango yokhala ndi mtundu "wachilendo" kuti chilengedwe ithawire mu udzu ndipo chifukwa chake imatha kukhala nyama zina.
Chachikulu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mikango yoyera yomwe ili kumadzulo kwa South Africa mu malo akulu kwambiri a Sambona Nature Reserve. Kwa iwo, ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zosowa, zopangidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe.
Munthu samalowerera ndale za kusankha kwa chilengedwe, kusaka ndi kubereka kwa anthu okhala mdera lotetezedwa. Malo opambana kwambiri am'mayiko a padziko lapansi, monga Germany, Japan, Canada, Russia, Malaysia, USA ali ndi nyama yodziwika bwino m'malo awo otseguka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Izi zopangidwa bwino chithunzi mikango yoyeramakamaka amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu - ma prides. Kulera ana ndikusaka makamaka mkango wamphongo, ndipo amuna amateteza kunyada ndi gawo. Amayi atayamba kutha, amuna amathamangitsa mabanja ndipo patapita nthawi wamphamvu kwambiri amayamba kudzinyadira.
M'banja limodzi lotere, pamatha kukhala wamwamuna mmodzi kapena atatu, akazi angapo ndi ana achichepere mwa akazi onse. Nyama zimatola zodyera limodzi, zimagawana maudindo momveka bwino. Ntchito yofunikira pakusaka imapatsidwa kwa mikango, popeza imathamanga kwambiri komanso mafoni.
Wamphongo amathanso kuthamangitsa nyama yomwe ili kale, ikungodikirira, ndi kubangula koopsa. Mikango yoyera imatha kugona mpaka maola 20 patsiku, ikuyenda mumthunzi wazitsamba ndi mitengo yophukira.
Gawo lonyada ndi tsamba lomwe mikango yoyera kusaka. Ngati imodzi mwa nyama zodyera mkango yazungulira dzikolo, ndiye kuti pakhoza nkhondo.
Nthano
Kuyambira kale mpaka lero, mafuko aku Africa amalambira mkango woyera ngati mthenga wochokera kumwamba, amampembedza ngati cholengedwa chopatulika, amamuteteza. Anthu amalanga munthu amene amapha nyama mosadziwa.
Nthano yokongola ya ku Africa, idadutsa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mibadwo, imati m'masiku akale zovuta zoyipa mwanjira ya matenda ndi kusowa zidakhudza mafuko. Umunthu unali pafupi kutha. Chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe, anthu ankapemphera kwa milungu yawo kwa masiku ndi usiku, kupempha kuti apulumutsidwe. Milungu inali yachifundo, ndipo mkango woyera udatumizidwa kudziko lapansi, womwe udapulumutsa anthu ku mavuto ndi matenda, pambuyo pake adabwereranso, ndikulonjeza kuti adzabweranso pakagwa tsoka pamunthu.
Mkango woyera udyetsa
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za akulu akulu ndi nyama yomwe nthawi zambiri imaberekera 18 mpaka 30 kg. Mikango ndi nyama yodwala kwambiri yomwe imatha kudya kamodzi masiku awiri kapena atatu, ndipo imatha kudya popanda masabata angapo.
Kudya mkango woyera ndi mtundu wa mwambo. Mtsogoleri wamphongo wonyada amadya kaye, kenako aliyense, achinyamata amadya komaliza. Woyamba kudya mtima wa nyama, kenako chiwindi ndi impso, ndipo kokha nyama ndi khungu. Amayamba kudya pokhapokha wamwamuna wamkulu atadzaza.
Chowonadi
Chinthucho ndi mtundu wapadera wa mikango iyi, yomwe imapereka nthano ndi nthano zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu yoyera imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwina kwamtundu. Pali mikango yokhala ndi jini yoyera / yofiirira (amatchedwa mikango ya heterozygous).
Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wa mkango woyera
Mikango yoyera imatha kubereka chaka chonse. Mimba ya mwana wosabadwayo imachitika pakangotha miyezi 3.5. Mwana asanabadwe, mkango wamkati umasiya kunyada, chifukwa m'kuwala umatha kubereka ana a mkango umodzi mpaka anayi. Pakapita kanthawi, chachikazi ndi ana ake amabwerera kunyada.
Kubadwa kwa ana kumachitika nthawi yomweyo mu akazi onse, izi zimapangitsa kutetezedwa kwa ana komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono. Mbewu itakula, zazikazi zazing'ono zimangokhala kunyada, ndipo amuna, atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi, amasiya kunyada.
Kuthengo, mikango imatha kukhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 13 mpaka 16, koma amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 11, popeza si onse othamangitsidwa chifukwa chonyada omwe amatha kukhala okha kapena kupanga mabanja awo.
Ali mu ukapolo, mikango yoyera imatha kukhala zaka 19 mpaka 30. Ku Russia, mikango yoyera imakhala m'malo otetezedwa a Krasnoyarsk ndi zinyama "Roy Ruchey" komanso "Safari Park" ku Krasnodar. Mikango yoyera zolembedwa ku International Buku lofiira ngati nyama zomwe zili pangozi komanso zosowa, zomwe sizipezeka mwachilengedwe. Zimangotengera munthu kuti mkango woyera ukhale weniweni kapena ungakhale nthano chabe.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Mkango Woyera sizigwira ntchito kwa nyama za albino, masanjidwe am'banja. Mtundu wodabwitsawu umachitika chifukwa cha mitundu ina yophatikizidwa ndimatenda yotchedwa leukism. Vutoli limatha kufananizidwa ndi melanism, chifukwa chomwe ma panthers akuda amawonekera.
Kusowa kwathunthu kwama cell a pigment ndimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri. Nyama, makulidwe amtundu wamba amawonetsedwa, mawanga oyera, ngati chipale chofewa, chivundikiro chambiri, tsitsi la mamalia, ngakhale khungu lokhala ndi nyama. Kuperewera kwa tsitsi la tsitsi kumadziwika ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mkango.
Chifukwa chiyani masinthidwe akuwonekera mwa iwo okha - palibe yankho. Mwana wa mkango woyera wabadwa mkango wamkati wowoneka ngati krimu. Makolo onse awiriwa ayenera kukhala otakasuka, azikhala ndi majini osakanikirana komanso amtundu wakhungu loyera. Kubaluka kumatha kubweretsa mkango wakuda ndi loyera . Zikamakula, mawanga amdima amazimiririka, malowo amakhala opanda kuwala. Mtundu wa bulauni ukhoza kukhala waukulu mwa ana; mwayi wopeza mwana wa mkango wokhala ndi chipale chofewa ndi pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anayi.
Mosiyana ndi albino yokhala ndi iris yofiyira, maso, khungu, ndi milu yamkango imapaka utoto wachikhalidwe. Utoto wamaso achikasu, amtambo wakuda ndi wamaso okongola kwambiri. Ubweya wamtengo wapatali umasiyanasiyana masinthidwe: kuyambira kumchenga wowala mpaka kuyera koyera, kuphatikiza chingwe chamdima chakuda ndi nsonga ya mchira.
Malinga ndi masinthidwe, malaya oyera amkango ndi cholakwika chodziwikiratu. M'mawonekedwe okongola, nyama zapadera ndizokongola modabwitsa. Utoto wosowa umasungidwa ndi akatswiri oweta mkango posungira malo osungira nyama. Zaumoyo wa anthu zimatsimikizira kuti nyama zikukula bwino komanso zotetezeka.
Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe imazunza mikango yoyera. Mtundu winawake umalepheretsa anthu omwe amadyera kuti azitha kubisala, chifukwa choti kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi kumakhala kosatheka. Mikango yoyera imakhala miseche ya ma fisi. Ana oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa ali ndi ngozi yakufa. Mikango yapadera imachotsedwa mu kunyada chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wodziimira payekha, koma ali ndi mwayi wocheperako kuti azolowere chilengedwe. Nyama zokhala pachiwopsezo sizingabisike mu savannah kwa adani ndi anthu achilengedwe.
Mkango woyera uli ndi ma fangasi akulu, ngati onse oimilira a feline.
Nthawi zina pamakhala malingaliro obwezeretsa okhala kumalo osungira nyama kuthengo. Zokambirana pazofalitsa nthawi zambiri sizimawonetsa maudindo a akatswiri. Simungathe kusakanikirana ndi kubwereza-kubwereza (kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mikango yosowa ya mkango) ndi kuswana nyama ndi mtundu wapadera, wosakhoza kudziyimira pawokha.
Ndi mitundu yachilendo ya mikango, zikhulupiriro za mafuko aku Africa zidalumikizidwa. Malinga ndi nthano, zaka zambiri zapitazo, mtundu wa anthu udatembereredwa ndi mizimu yoyipa yomwe idatumiza matenda oyipa. Anthu ankapemphera kwa milungu yawo. Mkango Woyera unatumizidwa kudzayitanitsa chipulumutso. Chifukwa cha mthenga wa Mulungu, mtundu wa anthu udachiritsidwa. Nthano yokongola imakhala mchikhalidwe cha anthu aku Africa mpaka lero.
Anthu amakhulupirira kuti kuwona mkango woyera kumatanthauza kupeza nyonga, kuphimba machimo, ndikukhala osangalala. Zimabweretsa chitetezo kwa anthu ku nkhondo, kusankhana mitundu, komanso matenda. Chilango chachikulu chikudikirira iwo omwe ngakhale kuti mwadala akuvulaza nyama zosowa. Mkango Mkati mwa Africa - zofunikira, amatetezedwa ndi boma, zalembedwa mu Red Book. Kupulumutsidwa kwa anthu ocheperako kumatheka pokhapokha pobwezeretsa, podziteteza.
Moyo & Habitat
Pali lingaliro kuti zaka 20,000 zapitazo, mikango inkakhala pakati pa mapiri a chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake mtundu woyerawo unali wosangalatsa pakusaka nyama. Kutentha kwapadziko lonse chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwapangitsa kuti mikango yoyera itheretu. Anthu osawerengeka adapezeka pakati pa ma boti, m'matanthwe a mayiko otentha, zomwe zimadziwika ngati chozizwitsa.
Kukhalapo kwa mikango yoyera kunatsimikiziridwa mu 1975 pamene adapeza ana a mikango okhala ndi utoto woyera ali ndi milungu 8. Chochitika chosaiwalika chidachitika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, mu Kruger National Park ya Timbavati Reserve. Nyama zimatchulidwa kuti Panthera leo krugeri. Malo omwe adatulukirako adakwezedwa pamlingo wa opatulikawo, dzinalo limatanthawuza "mikango ya nyenyezi yatsika kumwamba kuchokera kumwamba."
Ana adasamukira kumalo otetezedwa, komwe adawapulumutsa ku matenda, kufa ndi njala, ndi kufa kwa andewu. Kuyambira pamenepo, mbadwa zoyera za mikango yoyera zimakhala m'malo opulumutsa nyama. Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu ndi nkhokwe yayikulu ya Sanbona Natural Reserve ku South Africa, komwe kuli nyama zosowa kwambiri zana. Chifukwa okhalamo adalenga nyengo yachilengedwe, pomwe anthu sakhudza kusankha kwachilengedwe, kuswana kwa nyama. M'malo ena osungira nyama, kusungidwa kwa mikango yoyera kumathandizidwa.
Mkango woyera mu chithunzi nthawi zonse zimadabwitsa, koma m'moyo weniweni, kukumana naye kumapangitsa anthu kusangalala. Ukulu, chisomo, kukongola kwa nyama zimakondweretsa. Malo abwino otetezera nyama zosowa amapangidwa m'malo osungirako nyama ku Japan, Philadelphia, ndi mayiko ena. Mu nkhokwe zachilengedwe za Germany mumakhala mikango 20 yoyera. Kudera la Russia, mutha kuwona mikango yoyera pamalo osungira kwambiri ku Krasnoyarsk "Roy Ruchey", mu "Safari Park" ku Krasnodar.
Chiwerengero chonse cha nyama padziko lapansi sichitha kupitilira anthu 300. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri, koma chitetezo ndi chitukuko cha anthu chimachitika kotero kuti mkango woyera sudzakhalanso cholengedwa chongopeka. Asayansi akuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa nyama mwanjira yachilengedwe, popeza ubale wawo ndiwowopsa m'miyoyo yam'tsogolo.
Mkango Woyera - chinyama olemekezeka, olemekezeka. Mikango ya akuluakulu imapanga nkhosa m'mabanja - prides, wopanga wamwamuna, wamkazi ndi ana ake. Mikango ing'ono ikulira imathamangitsidwa kuti ipange yawoyokha kapena kulanda kunyada kwa wina. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pazaka 2-2,5, pomwe achichepere amakhala opikisana.
Mkango Woyera ukupuma utatha kudya
Akazi ndi amene ali ndi udindo wolera ana. Zosangalatsa. Amayiwo samayang'anira ana awo okha, komanso ana ena. Wamphongo amatanganidwa kuteteza gulu, gawo lonyada. Zidyamakudya zabwino komanso zodekha zimakonda kuseka pansi pa mitengo yazithunzithunzi, pamtondo wamtchire. Nthawi yopumula yogona ndi kugona imatha kukhala maola 20.
Mfumu ya nyama
Mkango ndi nyama yamphongo yayikulu. Aliyense akudziwa kuti mdani uyu amatchedwa. Kuti timvetsetse chifukwa chomwe anthu akale amazitchulira, ndikokwanira kuwona momwe nyamayi imanama. Leo amakhala ndi mphamvu, ndipo ndikufuna kunena - regal, posture. Mano a chic amapangitsa kuti maonekedwe ake akhale okongola kwambiri.
Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 200, kumakhala kutalika kwa 2.8 m (mwa njira, pomwe masentimita 90 amagwera mchira wokongola). Mikango ndi yaying'ono pang'ono. Kulemera kwawo ndi makilogalamu 140, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira 2.5 metres. Akazi, mosiyana ndi amuna, alibe mane.
Mkango umatha kugwetsa pansi mbidzi yolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu mazana atatu ndikumenya kamodzi (()). Ndizosatheka kunena kuti ife timawonedwa kuti ndife abwino kulumpha.
Zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi
Mikango imakhala ndikusaka nyama (dzina lina ndi kunyada). Ziwombankhanga zimadyera mbidzi, agwape, makoswe, mavu komanso anangumi, zimachitika kuti nthawi zina amadya zovalazo. Nthawi zina, mikango imatsutsana ndi njati, njovu ndi rhinos. Ndipo zimasaka, ngati lamulo, ndipo mikango imasamalira nyama. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyama zakutchire izi zikagula chakudya kuchokera kwa akudya ang'onoang'ono.
Pambuyo pa "chakudyacho" mikango imapuma mumthunzi kapena pamitengo. Inde, inde, amakwera mitengo mwangwiro! Chifukwa cha zovala zawo, amatha kukwera mpaka pafupifupi mita sikisi. Dziwani kuti mikango idakali dormouse! Kutalika kwa kugona kwawo kupitilira maola makumi awiri patsiku. Koma ngakhale mamuna akagona, amamva chilichonse. zofunika kupulumutsa ana ndi mkango.
Izi zitha kudya osamwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa madzi omwe ali m'chinyama chodyedwacho ndiwokwanira. Nthawi, chilombo chimodzi chotere chimatha kudya mpaka ma kilogalamu makumi anayi a nyama, ndiye kuti imadikirira sabata mpaka chakudya chiloboledwe, kenako mutha kukasaka kachiwiri. Zachidziwikire, muzochitika izi, munthu sayenera kudabwa kumva kuti mikango imatha kupita popanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali.
Asayansi azindikira kuti mkango uli ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, koma sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Tsoka ilo, adani ambiri amafa kale kwambiri.
Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, amayamba kutha msinkhu. Kukalamba kumachitika miyezi yonse 12 ya chaka. Mimba yaikazi imakhala masiku 110. Mu mbadwa imodzi, ana awiri mpaka asanu amabadwa.Yaikazi imatha kubala ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Zichitika kuti mkango wamkati samalola mwamunayo kwa ana, popeza amawopa moyo wawo.
Miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya moyo wawo, ana a mkango amakhala kokha ndi amayi awo, kutali ndi gululi. Mwana akabadwa, amafanana ndi mwana wa mphaka wamkulu. Kubisa chokhazikika kwa makanda ndi ubweya wowoneka. Amayi achichepere nthawi zambiri amalumikizana, kukhazikitsa mtundu wa nazale, pomwe amatenga ana awo onse. Atapatsa ana awo moyang'aniridwa ndi mkango umodzi, azimayi ena onse atha kusaka bwinobwino, podziwa kuti anawo amatetezedwa. Mkango wamkulu watengedwa kale nawo kokasaka kuti akaphunzire momwe angagwirire, kenako kupha. Pazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, manewa amakula kale zazimuna. Ino ndi nthawi yomwe amphamvu kwambiri amathamangitsa ofooka mu paketi. Pazaka zisanu, mkango umodzi ukuyesera kunyada.
Makamaka zakubadwa
Ndiye mkango. Kodi munthu wokongola uyu ali ndi moyo mpaka liti? Kutalika kwa moyo wake kumadalira zinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mikango imakhala zaka zingati kuthengo? Kuthengo, nyama zodyerazi zimakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri, koma mdani wawo wamkulu ndi munthu. Chifukwa cha kuwombera kwa mafisi ndi ozizira, komanso chifukwa chamkhalidwe wovuta, nthawi yamoyo mkango mu chilengedwe imakhala yochepa - pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Koma nthawi iyi ndi yokwanira kukhwima, komanso kusiya ana.
Dziwani kuti akazi amakhala zaka zingapo. Mwinanso chifukwa chakuti sayenera kuteteza gawo polimbana ndi alendo.
Moyo wachilengedwe umasungidwa
Kodi mikango yakhala zaka zingati zakale? Kudera lino, moyo wawo umakhala wautali, chifukwa nyamazo zimatetezedwa kwa asodzi. Apa, olusa amakhala zaka khumi ndi zinayi, zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi ufulu.
Kodi mikango yakhala zaka zingati kukhala kumalo osungira nyama?
Pafupifupi malo onse osungira ana amphaka akuluakulu, malo abwino amapangidwa (ngati timalankhula za chitetezo). M'malo otere, mikango yakhala zaka zoposa makumi awiri, ikuyang'aniridwa ndi antchito ndi veterinarians. Ku Germany, kunali mkango wokhalitsa, amakhala kumalo osungira nyama mpaka zaka 29.
Chifukwa chake tidakumana bwino ndi nyama zabwinozi. Ndipo ngati mwana wanu, ataonanso zojambula za Simba, atakhala ndi chidwi ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa oyimilira, mwina mungathe kuuza mwana wanu kuti ndi mikango ingati yomwe imakhala kuthengo, kumalo osungira nyama ndi kwachilengedwe.
Dera: East Africa, India (pc. Gujarat). M'mbuyomu, mikango inkakhala ambiri ku Africa, Middle East ndi Hindustan.
Kufotokozera : mkango umawonekera kwambiri pakati pa amphaka onse - imakhala nyama yolusa kwambiri komanso yolimba. Mawamba ake ndi olimba, ndipo minofu yolukiridwa bwino kumiyendo yakutsogolo, yomwe mkango umagwira ndikugwira nyama. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wokhala ndi nthonje kumapeto kwake ndi tsitsi lakuda kumapeto.
Mutu umakhala waukulu kwambiri, kupukutira ndi kwotalika, nsagwada zamphamvu ndi zazikulu zazikulu (mano 30 kwathunthu). Lilime lake ndi loyera, lakutidwa ndi ma tubclic ngati ma spikes akuthwa omwe amathandizira nyamayi kunyambita nthata ndi nkhupakupa, komanso kusamalira khungu lake. Makutu ndi ozunguliridwa, akuda panja ndi malo achikasu pakati.
Kuyerekeza kugonana kumanenedwa: Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndipo pafupifupi 50% kulemera. Mwamuna wamkulu amakhala ndi ubweya wautali wokutira khosi, mapewa ndi chifuwa. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Mu mikango yakale, ma mane nthawi zina amakula ndikuphimba mapewa ndi m'mimba.
Mkango uliwonse kumaso kwake uli ndi mizere 4-5 ya vibrissa (masharubu). Pansi pa tinyanga iliyonse pali malo amdima omwe amapanga mawonekedwe apadera a aliyense.
Mtundu Mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wamtundu wamtambo ndi imvi-yoyera (mikango ya ku Asiatic), kirimu, chikasu chamchenga komanso chovala chakuda. Gawo lakumunsi la thupi limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. M'mabulu akuluakulu, ma mane ndi a bulauni. Nthawi zina kamwana kakang'ono kwambiri kapena koyera kwambiri kamabadwa, popanda maso ofiira okhala ndi alubino, kuwonetsa kusakhalapo kwa utoto wa utoto.
Kukula : kutalika kwa mkango - 2.7-3 m, mikango mpaka 2.7 m, kutalika kufota mpaka 122 cm.
Kulemera : amuna - mpaka 250 makilogalamu, akazi - mpaka 180 makilogalamu.
Kutalika kwa moyo : m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 17-20, mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 30.
Leo ndi "woyankhula" kwambiri, mawu ake ophatikizira amakhala ndi mawu monga: kukuwa, kubuula, kuwungunya, kubuma ndi kubangula. Roar imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza gawo kapena kuwopseza olimbana nawo. Kubangula kwamphongo kumakhala kokweza komanso kwakuya kuposa kwa mkango wamphamvu wamkati ndipo kumamveka patali kwambiri mpaka kilomita 5-7. Zachikazi zimapatsa grunt yocheperako akaitanitsa ana awo. Mikango imatha kukhala ngati mphaka. Habitat: Madambo otseguka (amakonda mapaki ndi malovu amtchire okhala ndi nyama zambiri zopanda pake, kukhalapo kwa mayenje othirira) ndi chipululu chopanda. Mapiri akukwera mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Adani woyamba wamkulu ndi munthu. Mitundu ya njovu, ndulu, mvuu, ng'ona zazikulu (zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi mkango pamalo othirira) zimayambitsa ngozi. Mikango yosungulumwa yakale imakonda kufa ndi mano a agalu.
Nyama zonse zabwino ndi mbalame zomwe zimadyanso ana a mkango.
Chakudya : mikango - nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya nyama zazing'onoting'ono ndi zazikulu: ankhandwe, mbidzi, mbawala, njoka, njovu zazing'ono, ziweto. Ndi kuperewera kwa nyama, carrion amathanso kudyedwa ndi nyama zazing'ono (makoswe onga mbewa, nsomba, nkhuku, ndi mazira a nthiwatiwa). Samapewa nyama yakunja, amatenga kwa ena, agalu ofowoka (agalu ndi ma fisi).
Khalidwe : masana, kunyada kupumula pamthunzi, ndipo pakuyamba kucha kusaka.
Ponyadira, osaka chachikulu ndi agalu amkango, koma mikango palokha siyisaka. Amuna amateteza gawo lawo ndikutchinjiriza ku nyama zina zomwe zikulowamo.
Mikango imasaka nyama pagulu, poyamba amayesa kudzipatula kwa gulu la abusawo, kenako nkuyamba kuipha ndikupha. Pakaponyedwa (patali kwambiri), mikango imatha kuthamanga mpaka 55 km / h.
Akuyandikira pafupi ndi womenyedwayo, mkango wamphamvuwo akumkwapula mwamphamvu kumugoneka kumapazi kwake ndikuluma mano ake pakhosi. Nyama ikathawa, nyama zolusa zimafunafuna nyama yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri, kuukira kwina kulikonse kumatha.
Mikango imapha nyama m'njira zitatu: yaying'ono - kuwonongedwa kwa khomo pachibelekeropo, kung'ambika pakhosi, ndikulimbana ndi khosi lakuthwa pakhosi ndi mzere.
Amuna ndi oyamba kudya nyama, kenako akazi, omwe amakhala m'malo okwezeka kwambiri, akazi ndi ana aakazi omaliza amakhala omaliza kudya. Chifukwa chake, choyambitsa chachikulu cha imfa pakati pa ana a mkango ndi njala. Mu mpando umodzi, mkango wachikulire umadya nyama yokwana 20 kg.
Atakhuta, mikango imathetsa ludzu lawo ndikupita kukapuma. Kunyada kwa mikango inayi kumafunikira kusaka bwino kamodzi pa sabata. Mikango yodwala kapena yotsika, yosatha kulanda anthu osakhulupirika, imatha kuukira anthu.
Mikango imalumphira bwino - mayendedwe atatu ndi miyala siikhala chopinga kwa iwo.
Gulu la anthu : Mikango ndi nyama zachikhalidwe zomwe zimathera moyo wawo wonse mupaketi. Amachita maphwando ovuta a moni, pomwe mikango imayandikana, imagwedeza mitu yawo mbali ndi mbali, ndikugwetsa michira yawo. Kunyambita kumutu kwa mutu, mapewa ndi khosi kumakhalanso chizindikiro cha chikondi komanso ubale wabwino.
Ponyadira, nthawi zambiri abambo akulu a 1-2, mkango wina wamkulu ndi achinyamata (kufikira anthu 7 mpaka 13). Mikango yonyamula alendo imavomerezedwa monyadira. Amphongo a mkango amayamba kuphunzira kusaka nthawi yayitali kuposa anyani amphongo, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zaka 4-5 zokha, koma nthawi zambiri anyamata achichepere amachotsedwa kunyada kale. Poyendetsedwa ndi chibadwa, amphongo amapita kumapiri, komwe mikango imakhala, ndipo komweko amayesetsa kumenyera nkhondo.
Nyama zazimuna zonse ziwiri ndizolemba malire pamaderawo ndi mkodzo ndi chimbudzi. Masamba pawokha atha kukhalamo 100-400 km 2 (kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya).
Kuswana : Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amalimbana mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake kuti azimayi, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa ya m'modzi wa opikisana nawo. Wopambana amathamangitsa wamkazi ndipo amayesa kukwatirana naye nthawi iliyonse. Ngati mkango ukulimbikira mokwanira, wamkazi umakulolani kuti mukwere. Pakukhwima, mkango umagwira mano aakazi kumbuyo kwa khosi lake. Kukhwima kumatenga mphindi 1-2, ndipo patsiku lomwe awiriwo akukwatirana mpaka 100.
Zazikazi pachinyadidwe chimodzi zimabereka ana nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuwateteza kwa adani ena ndi mikango ina yamphongo. Mikango yaikazi imadyetsa ana awo popanda kuwagawana kukhala abwenzi ndi adani. Ngati mayi mmodzi wamwalira, ena onse amasamalira ana a womwalirayo.
Kubala mwana kumachitika kunja kwa kunyada. Malo obisalamo amakhala m'mapanga, m'miyala ya m'matanthwe kapena m'maenje omwe amakhala m'malo akutali.
Nyengo / nyengo ya kuswana : pachaka chonse.
Kutha msinkhu : Akazi okhwima azaka 4, Amuna ali ndi zaka 6.
Mimba : Chimatenga masiku 105-112.
Chotuluka : mu zinyalala pali 2-4 ma kittens. Ana a mkango wobadwa kumene amalemera mpaka 450 g, kukula kwawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Pambuyo pake, mtundu womwe udalowalo umasinthidwa ndi mtundu umodzi. Maso otseguka masiku 3-11. Ana amatenga kuyenda patsiku la 10. Mano amkaka amaphulika ali ndi mwezi umodzi. Ana amphaka ali ndi miyezi pafupifupi 1.5, mayiyo amayamba kupita nawo kokasaka ndikuwadyetsa nyama. Kuchepetsa kumatenga mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Phindu / kuvulaza anthu : Mikango imazunza anthu nthawi zambiri ndipo makamaka ikadwala kapenavulala. Mikango ing'onoing'ono imasungidwa mosavuta ndikuphunzitsidwa.
Kuyambira kale, munthu amawona mkango kukhala mfumu ya nyama. Mu Aigupto wakale, mkango unali chizindikiro cha mphamvu yaumulungu ndi yachifumu. Mwa Asuri ndi Agiriki, mkango unali mnzake wa milungu yachikazi. Ndipo mu zaluso zachikhristu zoyambirira, mkango umayimira oyera Marko ndi Jerome, ndipo pambuyo pake ngakhale Khristu mwini. Popita nthawi, mikango imakhala chokongoletsera champhamvu cha manja a maboma ndi mayiko ena.
Kuchulukitsa / kusamalira : Chiyerekezo cha mikango chili 30,000 kapena 100,000.
Pali mitundu iwiri: Afirika (East Africa) ndi Asia (India, Gir Forest Reserve).
Sayansi imadziwa mtanda pakati pa mikango ndi akambuku (abuluzi), komanso ana a akambuku ndi mikango yamkango zazimuna.
Ngongole: Portal Zooclub
Mukasindikiza nkhaniyi, kulumikizana kwothandiza kwa gwero ndi MANDATORY, apo ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo kumaonedwa kuti ndikuphwanya lamulo la "Law on Copyright and rights rights".
Kodi mikango ili ndi zaka zingati? Kuti muyankhe bwino funsoli, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimadalira kutalikirana kwa moyo wa mdani wamkulu chotere, mfumu yeniyeni ya nyama - Leo.
Kalelo m'nthawi zakale, malo awo anali ochulukirachulukira.
Lviv ikhoza kupezeka kudera lonse la Africa, Middle East ndi Iran. Amakhala kumpoto komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, kumwera kwa Europe, komanso kumwera kwa Russia.
Moyo wa nyama zoyamwitsa izi zinali zosiyana kotheratu, koma nyama zokongola izi nthawi zonse zinali m'munda wamawonedwe wa munthu yemwe amalowererapo mogwirizana.
Mikango idawonongedwa kuti idziteteze, imagwidwa kuti ichite zisonyezo zozungulira pongofuna kuzisaka. Ndipo kufikira nthawi yathu ino, chiweto cha nyama izi chatsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mikango imatha kupezeka kumadera ena a Africa ndi madera okhala ku Indian Gujarat.
Mikango imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amuna kutalika kwake kumapewa ngampikisano pakati pa amphaka ndipo ali ndi khungu la chikasu. Nsagwada za nyama zamtunduwu ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo miyendo yawo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuti imatha kusaka nyama yayikulu. Koma pali chinthu china chomwe chimasiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, awa ndi mane. Utoto mumtundu nthawi zambiri umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa khungu, koma umatha kukhala ndi mowala kapena mumdima wakuda, ndipo kumapeto kwa mchira, zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna, bulashi yaubweya wautali.
Mikango kuthengo
Mu chilankhulo cha nyama, ubweya womwe umakhazikika pa khosi limatanthawuza kukwiya, umawaganizira komanso kuwopa anthu oterowo; chilengedwe chimapatsa mikango yamphongo ndi maneti yabwinobwino komanso yowoneka bwino, yomwe imawonjezera kukongola ndi utsi kwa iwo. M'malo mwake, mikango siowopsa monga momwe zimawonekera. Ngakhale ndi mphamvu zawo komanso kuuma kwawo, tsiku lonse, pafupifupi maola 20 patsiku, mikango imapumira padzuwa, imasaka nthawi zambiri m'mawa kapena madzulo, kufunafuna nthawi yayitali kuti iwonongeke woyenera. Mikango ndi nyama zachikhalidwe, amakhala m'mabanja - ma prides.
Kunyada nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwamuna mmodzi kapena angapo - abale amwazi, akazi angapo ndi ana awo. Amwana wa mkango akangofika zaka zapakati pa 2-3, amathamangitsidwa pakunyada, ndipo amakhala mosiyana ndi onse kukhala mikango yoyendayenda. Mikango iyi yokha imangodzipezera chakudya, nthawi zambiri imatenga mphatso zawo kuchokera kunyada kapena kunkhanira. Ana a mkango wachinyamata samasiya kunyada. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala m'mipando ku Africa, palinso mabanja a mkango omwe amakhala palokha.
Mwa akazi pali kugawidwa momveka bwino kwa nthawi yayitali yosaka komanso kunja kwake, chifukwa kupulumuka kunyada konse kumatengera izi. Wina akuwona ana, wina akupuma, ndipo wina akuyang'ana kuti awone ngati pali zazimuna kapena zazimuna kuchokera kunyada ina yomwe ili patali. Momwe chakudya chamkango chimakhalira ngati nyama zamtchire, mbidzi, njati, agalu ndi kongoni, nthawi zina ma warthog ndi agwape nthawi zina amapezeka patsamba. Kusaka kumachitika pagulu. Mikango imathamanga pang'onopang'ono ndipo singathe kuthamangitsa nyama yawo kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero cholinga chachikulu ndikuyendetsa kuthamangitsa mpaka kufa, kuzungulira ndi kuwukira.
Yaikazi yoyembekezera imasiya kunyadira kumalo obisika komwe, pambuyo masiku 110, kuchokera kwa ana amphongo anayi amphongo ndi opanda thandizo amabadwira. Mpaka milungu isanu ndi iwiri amakhala okha ndi amayi awo, pambuyo pake mkango wa mkango umapatsa ana a mkango kuteteza kunyada kwake. Ndizosangalatsa kuti abambo, ngati aliwonse onyada, amalolera kwambiri ana kuposa akazi, amakhala ofunitsitsa kusewera nawo ndikugawana zomwe amakonda.
Kodi mikango ili ndi zaka zingati?
Ndipo kotero - mkango ukukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Poganizira zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti kupulumutsidwa kwa mkango kumadalira zinthu zambiri.
Kuthengo - ngakhale akuwoneka wowopsa komanso mphamvu zowopsa komanso kuzungulira, owononga awa akuyembekezera zoopsa zambiri, kuvulala ndi kuvulala zomwe sizimathandizira kutalikitsa moyo.
Awa ndi olimba ndi osadziwika kunja kwa gawo, pomwe wina wa mikango nthawi zambiri umakhala wolumala ndipo pambuyo pake sungathe kuwonetsa mphamvu zawo komanso kusaka kwawo kosaka, izi ndi ziwopsezo ndi adani enanso omwe ndi olusa.
Awa ndi kuvulala ndi kuvulala komwe kumadza pakusaka nyama zazikulu ngati njati, pambuyo pake nyamayo sitha kusaka ndikudya bwino, motero imakhala nthawi yayitali.
Koma vuto lalikulu kwambiri ngati kale mkango umangokhala osaka. Chifukwa chake kuthengo, kutalika kwa mikango kumakhala kwa zaka 8-10, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala zaka 14.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mkango wamphamvu umakhala zaka zingapo kuposa amuna, makamaka chifukwa choti safunika kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi alendo osawadziwa.
Mikango m'malo osungira nyama
Pamapeto a zaka za XVIII, kuyesera kupulumutsa nyama zokongola izi kuti zisawonongeke, anthu amayesa kuzisunga m'malo osungira nyama, komwe mikango imatha kukhalamo ndi kubereka nthawi zonse. Komanso, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chikuchulukirachulukira, kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 14, chifukwa chakuti mikango imatha kukhala kuthengo, mpaka 20 komanso mpaka zaka 25 kapena kupitilira apo, kusamalidwa moyenera ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwa veterinarians kumalo osungirako ndi pang'ono m'malo osungira nyama - nthawi zambiri pafupi Zaka 20 Chifukwa chake mikango yayitali kwambiri kuposa mikango yonse masiku ano yakhala ndi zaka 29.
Tinayesa kupereka yankho mwatsatanetsatane ku funso lokhudza nthawi yakukhalama kwa woimira wofunikira kwambiri pabanja la amphaka, komanso za nyama - mkango. Ndipo ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chidwi ndi nthawi yamoyo ya mkango, mutha kumuuza mwana wanu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi zaka zingati zomwe mikango imakhala kuthengo, kumalo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira nyama.
Oimira banja la mphaka. Mphamvu yowoneka bwino, kubangula koopsa, thupi lalikulu, ndi chingwe - zonse izi zimadziwika ndi mfumu yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu ya nkhalango. Anthu a mikango amatchedwa mafumu a nkhalango. Chifukwa chake malingaliro olakwika akuti awa amakhala m'malo otentha.
Kulemera kwa mkango wamphongo wachikulire kumatha kufika 250 kg, ndipo wamkazi 150 kg.Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayo kumayambira 2.3 m mpaka 3.0 m.
Malo okhala mikango
Mu Middle Ages, mikango inali yochulukirapo - gawo lonse la Africa, kupatula malo otentha ndi chipululu, Middle East, Iran, gawo la Europe, ngakhale kunja kwa kumwera kwa Russia, India. Koma kusaka zikopa za mikango, nkhondo, kunawononga malo okhala zirombo. Mikango yataya gawo lawo lonse. Mu 1944, mkango wotsiriza ku Europe unapezeka ku Iran - anali atamwalira.
Tsopano ku Africa, mikango ilowa m'dera la kumwera kwa chipululu chotchuka cha Sahara. Apa, m'malo opanda moyo, nyama zimamva bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziziberekanso. Ngakhale izi, kuchuluka kwa mkango kukucheperachepera chaka chilichonse.
Padziko lonse lapansi lotentha kwambiri - ku Africa - pafupifupi 80% ya mikango yonse padziko lapansi pano imakhala.
Ku India, mafumu a nkhalango amakhala mdera lotalika ma kilomita 1,400 kumadzulo kwa dziko lino. Adakhala kudera lotchedwa Gir Forest. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba kumene ndiwochepa kwambiri - pafupifupi anthu 360. Ziwerengero zachisoni zidakakamiza boma kuteteza mikango ndikuchita chilichonse kuti aletse kuchuluka kwa amphaka amtchire. Ndipo izi zidachita mbali yabwino: malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka posachedwa, kukula kwa gululi kunayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono.
Savannah imawonedwa ngati malo okondedwa momwe mikango imakonda kukhala, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo okhala ndi zitsamba ndi nkhalango zambiri. Chofunikira kwa mikango ndi kupezeka kwanyumba yamtundu wina wamatumbo. Ndi chomera ichi chomwe chimateteza nkhosazi ku dzuwa lotentha, komanso zimapulumutsa ku kutentha ndi dzuwa. M'nkhalango zowirira ndi m'malo opanda madzi, mikango simukhala.
Zifukwa zakutha
Mikango yoyera ili pafupi kutha m'njira zambiri chifukwa chakufa kwawo, chifukwa mtundu woyera umawalepheretsa kubisala. Sangathe kuthamangira nyama mosavomerezeka, panthawi imodzimodzi ndi chandamale chabwino kwambiri. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti tiana tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapulumuka, tomwe timayang'ana ngati malo oyera atayang'ana kumbuyo kwa sevannah Wamphongo, atakula msanga, amachotsedwa mu kunyada kuti apange zake. Koma mkango woyera suyenera kupulumuka wokha.
Kusamalira anthu
Poyesera kusunga kuchuluka kwa mikango yoyera, kupindula kwakukulu kumakhala m'malo opaka nyama. Pali mizere ingapo yopezeka ku malo osungira nyama ku Africa, USA, Canada ndi Germany. Musaiwale kuti mkango woyera, chithunzi chomwe mungawone m'nkhaniyi, si mitundu ina, ndikungosintha kwina kwa mkango waku Africa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamtundu wonse wa mikango ya ku Africa chikufunika.
Ku malo osungira nyama, komwe mikango yambiri imakhala masiku ano, mitanda yamtanda imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, yomwe imakhala yowopsa pakubwera kwam'tsogolo. Chifukwa chake, zoyesayesa zilizonse ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti anthu abwezeretse zachilengedwe.
Mikango yoyera lero
Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka posachedwa, pali anthu osakwana mazana atatu padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Izi, ndizachidziwikire, ndizochepa kwambiri, koma mukaganiza kuti zaka makumi anayi zapitazo panali atatu okha, zotsatira za ntchito zomwe zidachitidwa kuteteza anthu zikuwoneka. Mu 70s ya zaka zapitazi, zidasankhidwa kuti apeze chitsimikizo cha nthano ya anthu aku Africa zakuti pali nyama yachilendo ngati mkango yoyera. Panalibe zithunzi kapena umboni wina wotsimikizira kupezeka kwawo; kufufuzidwa kunachitika mwakhungu. Ndipo ku Timbavati Wildlife Sangment, mkango ndi mkango wamphamvu wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapezeka. Adaikidwa m'malo osungirako. Ndipo lero, gawo la mikango yoyera limakhala ku Sanbona Nature Reserve, yomwe ili ku South Africa. Pano atetezedwa, saopa ozunza, matenda ndi njala.
Nkhani zongopeka
Pali zikhalidwe zambiri zabodza zokhudzana ndi mikango yamtundu woyera mu anthu akuda a ku Africa. Nyama izi zimatengedwa ngati amithenga a mulungu wa Dzuwa, ndipo aliyense amene ali ndi mwayi wowawona pang'ono mwachidule adzapatsidwa thanzi, mwayi ndi chisangalalo. Mikango yoyera ku South Africa imawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa dzuwa, zabwino, zoteteza anthu ku nkhondo, matenda ndi tsankho. Ndipo popeza mutha kuwona chilengedwe chodabwitsachi pokhapokha pagawo la Timbavati, malowa adakwezekanso pamlingo wa opatulikawo. Kutanthauzira, dzina lake limatanthawuza "malo omwe mikango yam nyenyezi imatsika kuchokera kumwamba".
Nthano zoyambirira za mikango yoyera zidawoneka zaka mazana anayi zapitazo pamene Mfumukazi Nambu idalamulira. Nthano imakamba kuti nyenyezi idagwa kuchokera kumwamba, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo nyama zamtundu wosazolowereka zidayamba kuwonekera m'chigawochi komanso pafupipafupi. Panali zoyera zoyera, akambuku komanso njovu. Amapitilizabe kubadwa mwa apo ndi apo masiku ano. Koma anali ndendende mikango yomwe idasandulika nyama zopatulika, zakuda ndi zoyera pakubadwa kwawo kapena ndi zonunkhira zazikulu za mkaka zimasinthika ndi zaka kukhala amuna oyera oyera ngati chipale, zomwe zidapangitsa nthano.
M'modzi wa iwo akuuza kuti zaka zana zilizonse mwana wamkango wamkati amabadwa, kutuluka chitsamba cha ku Africa. Mphamvu yodabwitsa yakumwamba imabisika pamaso pake. Amadziwika kuti amateteza Mulungu. Kupha chilombo chodabwitsachi kumaonedwa kuti ndiuchimo woyipitsitsa, ndikuwonetsera kupanda ulemu kwa onse okhala mu Africa.
Mikango yoyera yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo ikutetezedwa ndi boma. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe unyinji wa nyama zapaderazi ungapulumutsidwe.
Leo - mawonekedwe ndi kufotokoza
Kutengera nyama ngati mkango, ndikofunikira kupereka tanthauzo lake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana pang'ono ndi inzake, koma imakhala yofanana.
Chilombochi ndi cha banja la mphaka, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi amphaka amphaka, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwawo. Ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu kwambiri, wachiwiri kwa nyalugwe.
Thupi la chilombo limasinthasintha komanso mafoni; ali ndi minofu yakutsogolo ndi khosi. Pamiyendo pali zibwano, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 7. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, wokhala ndi lingaliro lalitali ndi chibwano cholimba. Mawonekedwe ake ndiwotalika (pafupifupi 8 cm), chiwerengero cha mano ndi 30. Izi zimapatsa mkango mwayi kusaka herbivores zazikulu. Lilime limakutidwa ndi ma tubercles, chifukwa chomwe mkango umatsuka ubweya wake ndikuchotsa udzu ndikuchotsa tizilombo.
Pamizere yokhala ndi ndevu, pamunsi pake pomwe pali malo ang'onoang'ono amdima. Amabala awa amapanga mawonekedwe apadera ndi nyama iliyonse. Zitsamba zimabadwa zowoneka bwino, koma zikamakula, mawanga ochokera m'matupi awo amasowa, ndipo utoto wake umakhala wofanana - bulauni kapena mchenga. Pa nsonga ya mchira wa chirombo pali nthambo yakuda.
Gawo lalikulu la nyama zamtunduwu ndi dimorphism. Mkango wamphongo ndi mkango wamkati umasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, simunganene kuti mkango umalemera pafupifupi, osadziwa mtundu wa munthu. Amuna amakhala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa zazikazi kukula komanso kulemera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutu wawo umakongoletsedwa ndi mane, womwe umayamba kukula mwa ana a mkango pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kutalika kwa mulu ndi kupsinjika kwa ma mane kumadalira zaka komanso mawonekedwe a genetics.
Kodi mkango umalemera zochuluka motani?
Kuchuluka kwa mkango wamkulu kumadalira pafupifupi kutengera mawonekedwe a moyo wake. Koma jenda imakhudza makamaka chizindikirochi. Kusiyana kwa magawo akulu kumaperekedwa patebulo.
Amuna | Akazi | |
Kutalika kwa thupi | 1.7 mpaka 2,5 m | 1.4 mpaka 1.45 m |
Misa | 150 mpaka 250 kg | 120 mpaka 180 kg |
Kutalika kwamapewa | Pafupifupi 1.2 m | Approx.0.07 m |
Kutalika kwa mchira | 0.9 mpaka 1.05 m | 0,7 mpaka 1 m |
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwake, izi zimadziwika ndi kukula kwakukuru kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, mkango sungatchedwa Hardy. Imatha kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h, koma imagunda mtunda wocheperako.
Mawonekedwe a moyo ndi malo okhala
Kupereka kufotokozera kwa nyama iliyonse, muyenera kuganizira osati mawonekedwe ake okha. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti mkango umakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso komwe umakhala.
Pali malo ochepa pomwe nyama yonga mkango imakhala. Zaka zaposachedwa, kugawa kwake kwatsika kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, chilombochi sichinapezeke ku Africa ndi India kokha, monga zilili tsopano, komanso ku Iran, Russia, kumwera kwa Europe ndi Middle East. Koma gawo lalikulu la anthu linathetsedwa, ndipo mikhalidwe m'magawo ambiri idakhala yosayenera pamoyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, m'malo onse omwe nyamazo zimawonedwa kale, mkango tsopano umakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa (kudutsa m'chipululu cha Sahara) komanso ku India ku Gujarat. Zoyenera kwambiri kwa iwo ndi savannas, nkhalango kapena zitsamba.
Anthu pawokha amalumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - ma prides. Kunyada kumakhala ndi akazi asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi, pakati pomwe pali ubale, ana awo wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna. M'mapulogalamu ena, pakhoza kukhala amuna awiri ngati ali abale. Amuna achichepere, atakula, asiya kunyada (athamangitsidwa). Ali ndi mwayi wolumikizana ndi kunyada kwina kapena kupanga zawo. Ena aiwo amakhala moyo wosalira zambiri.
Kodi mkango umadya chiyani?
Kuchuluka kwa mkango wamkango kapena mkango wamphongo kumatengera mawonekedwe a zakudya zawo. Popeza mkango ndi nyama yolusa, imakhala ndi moyo wosaka, kudya nyama zikuluzikulu. Atha kukhala:
- agwape, nkhumba zamtchire, anthambo, mbidzi, njati, agira, ziweto.
Nthawi zina, chiweto chitha kuukira mvuu kapena njovu yaying'ono. Komanso nyalugwe wodwala, mafinya ndi nyalugwe zitha kukhala chakudya chawo.
Posaka, mikango yamkati ikupambana. Amadziwika ndi dexterity ndi agility. Kusaka ndizovuta kwambiri zazimuna chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mane. Komabe, yamphongo imafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Mkango wamkulu umadya pafupifupi 7 kg ya nyama patsiku, pomwe wamkazi amafunika 5 kg okha. Nyama izi zimakonda kusaka usiku, zimadumphira kwa wozunzidwayo mpaka mtunda wautali.
Kubala mikango
Kubereketsa mkango sikumangirizidwa ndi nthawi ya chaka, koma kumayamba ndi kukhwima. Amuna ali ndi zaka 6 komanso chachikazi pazaka 4 amawerengedwa kuti ndi okhwima.
Amuna amakonda kumenyera akazi. Nthawi zina nkhondoyi imakhala yoopsa kwambiri mpaka wopikisana naye akafa.
Kutalika kwa pakati pa nyama izi ndi masiku 110. Atatsala pang'ono kubadwa, mkango wamkati umasiya kunyada ndikubisala. Amatha kubereka ana a 1-4, omwe kulemera kwake kumakhala kochepera 2 kg. Ana a mkango amabadwa ali khungu, ndipo amatsegula maso awo patatha masiku 7 zokha atabadwa. Pazifukwa zachitetezo, mayiyo amasintha malo omwe amakhala kangapo, amatenga ana ake kuti azikhala nawo. Amachita kusaka, ndipo amadyetsa ana mkaka. Kuphunzitsa kusaka kwachichepere kumayambira pazaka 1.5, ndiye kuti banja lonse limayanjana ndi kunyada. Ndi chiyambi cha kusaka, ana a mkango pang'onopang'ono amadya nyama, ngakhale kuti nthawi yodyetsa mkaka imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mkango
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pofotokozera nyama izi ndi funso loti mkango umakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. Kuti muyankhe, muyenera kuganizira zambiri. Mkango umakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji kutengera zinthu monga:
- Habitat. Banja likhala bwino, limakhala nthawi yayitali. Kuyandikira kwa anthu. Pafupifupi anthu, chiopsezo chofafanizira nyama izi ndikufupikitsa moyo wawo zimawonjezeka. Zochitika m'moyo. Anthu osungulumwa amakhala ochepa kuposa omwe amakhala onyada. Paulo Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali yaimuna kumakhala kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa yaimuna, popeza amakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri kumwalira akamamenyana ndi mikango ina.
Mitundu yonseyi imakhudza kuchuluka kwa mkango. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yawo yamoyo imasiyana kwambiri. Pafupifupi, ndi zaka 8-10. Anthu ena amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka 14.
Momwe mkango umakhalira umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochita za anthu. Zimakhudza kwambiri kuposa zinthu zina. Ngati anthu safuna kuwononga nyama izi, ndiye kuti nthawi ya moyo wawo imawonjezeka. Zotsatira zapamwamba zimatha kuchitika pokonza malo okhala nyama, mwachitsanzo, malo osungirako kapena malo osungira nyama. Potere, mikango imatha kukhala zaka 20 komanso 25, chifukwa imayang'aniridwa ndi veterinarians.
Mitundu ya Mikango
Kuchuluka kwa mkango kumadalira nyama zamitundu mitundu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mkango, iliyonse yomwe imasiyanasiyana machitidwe ake, malo okhalamo, malo okhala ndi nthawi yake. Mitundu ina ya nyama iyi yatha kale, enanso atha. Palinso mitundu ina yosakanizidwa chifukwa cha kubalana ndi tiger, nyalugwe kapena mbawala.
Mkango waku Asia
Asayansi amatchula mitundu isanu ndi itatu, yomwe ndi mkango waku Asia. Dzinalo lina la malo ochezera amabisala mkango wa ku Persia (kapena India). Mkango waku Asia umakhala kumwera kwa Europe. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Girsky Reserve ku India ku Gujarat. Mkango waku Asia umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu womwe uli pangozi. Masanjidwe awa amakhala ndi squat. Amuna ndi ochepa kupitirira mita kutalika. Chifukwa chakuchepa ndi kocheperako, mkango waku Asia suwoneka waukulu ngati oimira mabungwe a ku Africa. Kulemera kwa abambo kumayambira 160 mpaka 190 kg, mikango nthawi zambiri imalemera 90-120 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2 - 2.5 m. Mkango waukulu kwambiri ku Asia uli ndi kutalika kwa 2.92 m.
Mkango waku Africa
Mitundu yotsalayi imapezeka kudera la Africa, chifukwa zomwe zonse zimatha kupangidwa ndi mitundu yamkango ya ku Africa. Amadziwika ndi zina zofala, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa kugonana, mtundu wa malaya, mawonekedwe a moyo ndi kubereka, ndi zina zotero. Kusiyanitsa kumatha kukhala kukula komanso kulemera kwa thupi.
- Opepuka. Izi subspecies ndiye zazikulu kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, idakhazikika ponseponse mu Africa, koma tsopano idafafaniziratu. Amuna okhaokha anali ndi zolemera mpaka 270 kg, zazikazi - mpaka 170. Pakadali pano, malo osungirako zinyama ndi malo osungirako malo mutha kuwona mbadwa za nyama izi, koma sizitha kutchedwa kuti purebred.
- Senegal. Awa ndi mkango wa ku Africa, wokhala kumadzulo kwa kontinenti. Kukula kwa nyama izi ndizochepa, mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wopepuka. Amuna alibe pafupifupi mane, kapena ndi achidule kwambiri. Mutha kukumana ndi oimira izi, ku Nigeria, Guinea ndi Senegal. Mikango ya ku Senegal imadziwika kuti ili pangozi.
- North Kongo. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe onse akunja omwe amasiyanitsa mkango waku Africa. Malo ake amakhala savannah kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Congo. Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kukuchepa.
- Masai. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa East African. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi ma tambo atali. Manjawo akulozera kumbuyo. Kutalika kwamunthu wamphongo ndi 2,5-3 m, zazikazi - 2.3-2.6 m. Nyama izi zimakhala ku Uganda, Zambia ndi Mozambique. Nyama zambiri za mikango yama Masai zimapezeka ku Masai Mara Nature Reserve ku Kenya.
- Katanga. Mtunduwu watsala pang'ono kutha. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa (Zimbabwe, Angola). Kutalika, amuna achikulire amafikira 3.1 m, zazikazi - 2.65 m.
- Transvaalsky. Awa ndi mikango yakuda. Mwa oimira izi, pali anthu omwe khungu lawo ndi malaya awo palibe. Chifukwa cha izi, ali ndi malaya oyera ndi khungu la pinki. Mkango m'litali ukhoza kuyambira 2.6 mpaka 3,2 m, mkango wamkango - 2.35-2.65 m. Mikango ya Transvaal imakhala kumwera kwa Africa (chipululu cha Kalahari). Amasungidwa mu Kruger National Park.
- Cape. Mitundu yamitunduyi idawonongedwa m'zaka za zana la 19. Ankakhala ku Cape of Good Hope (kumwera kwa Africa). Chochititsa chidwi cha mitunduyo chinali nsonga zakuda zamakutu ndi kukhalapo kwa mane pamimba ndi mapewa.
Izi si gulu lokhalo ayi. Palinso ena omwe ma subspecies ena angawonjezedwe ndi asayansi.
Mitundu yosangalatsa
Chochititsa chidwi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ngati mkango wamapiri. Sifanana kwambiri ndi abale ena, omwe ndiosiyana kukula ndi malo okhala. Mkango wamapiri ndiofala ku America. Thupi lake m'litali limayamba kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 1.8 m, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 105 kg. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa ma subspecies ena. Komanso mkango wamapiri ulibe maneti. Colours imatha kukhala yosiyana ndi taupe.Ng ombe zazing'ono zimabadwa ndi mawanga amdima ndi mikwingwirima yathupi, koma pakatha miyezi 9 ya moyo, izi zimayamba kuzimiririka. Mkango wamapiri umakonda kukhala yekha. Kupatula ndiyo nyengo yakukhwima ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa ana.
Subspecies ina yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa ndi mkango wamphanga. Imaphatikizidwanso m'magulu ena, ngakhale kuti mkango wamphanga ndi mitundu yazimiririka, ndipo udafa zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo. Pa moyo, nyama izi zinkakhala ku Siberia ndi ku Europe. Mkango wamphanga ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amayambitsa mikango yamakono. Mkango wa phangalo unali wokulirapo kuposa mbadwa zake. Ngati mukukhulupirira zithunzi za nyama izi, zinalibe ma mane, kapena zinali zazing'ono kwambiri. Sizikudziwika ndendende, koma pali lingaliro kuti nyama zamtunduwu zimalumikizananso pamitengo.
Ngakhale dzina lake, mkango wamphangawu sunakhale m'mapanga. Amasankhidwa ndi okalamba ndi odwala omwe asanafe, chifukwa chake ambiri mwa nyama zotsalazo amapezeka pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, mkango wamphangawo udatchedwa choncho. Mkango wa phangalo unkasaka agwape komanso zimbalangondo. Asayansiwa akufotokozera kuti nyama zamtunduwu zikutha. Ndi kuyamba kwanyengo, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo ndi agwape kunachepa, ndipo mkango wamphangayo sunasinthidwe ndi chakudya china.
Mikango yakuda ndi yoyera
Mkango ndi chirombo chotere, momwe mumatha kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa. Mbali imodzi ndikupanga utoto. Magawo ena amatchulapo mitundu monga mkango Woyera ndi mkango wakuda. Koma izi ndi zolakwika. Ngati mkango wokhala ndi chingwe chakuda kapena chakuda ndi ma subspecies enieni, ndiye kuti nyama zokhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena wakuda zimawonedwa ngati zosafunikira.
Nthawi yomweyo, sizinganenedwe kuti mkango wokhala ndi mitundu yapadera ndi nthano chabe. Pali kusintha kwamitundu komwe kumatchedwa leukism. Chifukwa cha ichi, ubweya wa nyama umakhala woyera. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa melanocyte. Zotsatira zake ndi kuwonekera kwa nyama yonga ngati mkango woyera. Titha kuganiza kuti uyu ndi mkango wa albino, koma mtundu wa maso ake, womwe ungakhale wabuluu kapena wagolide, amatero.
Mkango woyera sufanana pakumasiyana kwawo kuchokera kwa oimira ena amtunduwu. Ndi yayikulu kuposa ena onse. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 310 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi laimuna kumaposa mamita 3. Akazi a nyama zotere ndizocheperako - 2.7 m. Mkango wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera umasintha pang'ono nthawi ya moyo, ndipo pakukalamba thupi lake limapeza mthunzi waminyanga.
Mkango wakuda, malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, mulibe chilengedwe. Amaganizira zithunzi ndi makanema a nyama zotere zomwe akumana nazo pa intaneti chifukwa cha kuwombera mumdima kapena kusinthidwa kwapadera. Ena amati, mosiyana ndi maalubino, pali chodabwitsa cha melanism, momwe ma pigment ochulukirapo amawonekera mu tsitsi la nyama. Izi ndizotheka ndi nthomba komanso nyalugwe. Zotsatira zakudutsa, mkango wokhala ndi mthunzi wakuda wa tsitsi ukhoza kubadwa, koma izi ndizangozi zokha, chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kupatula nyama zoterezi m'mabungwe ena apadera.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mikango
- Ambiri mwa masamba a nyama iyi akuwopsezedwa kuti atha, ndiye chifukwa chake amakhala m malo osungirako. Anthu okhala ndi mitundu yoyera sakonda chifukwa pamenepa zimawavuta kwambiri kuzolowera chilengedwe. Mtundu wawo umalepheretsa kubisala.
Nyama izi zikuyimira mphamvu yachifumu, kulimba mtima, ukulu, mphamvu ndi nyonga m'miyambo yambiri.