Ndani adaonera kanema wachipembedzoyu "Kukhala chete kwa anaankhosa", Amakumbukira zomwe njenjete zabwino zomwe munthu wobzala adabzala Bilu ya Buffalokuyika zidole pakamwa pawo pambuyo pake. Mufilimuyi, agulugufe amawoneka owoneka bwino.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni ya tizilombo padziko lapansi, koma mwina gulugufe yekhayu ndi amene adakhala chifukwa chopanga nthano, zizindikiro komanso zikhulupiriro zambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa gulugufe Brazhnika kuyambira nthawi zakale, ngati kavuto wa zovuta, azunzidwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kusakonda zachilendo chonchi?
Choyamba komanso, mwina, chifukwa chachikulu cha malingaliro osatsutsika ndikuti gulugufe ali ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri pachifuwa, akufanana ndi chigaza cha munthu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtanda (chithunzicho chikuwoneka ngati mbendera ya filibuster).
Chifukwa chachiwiri ndikuti "Mutu wa Adamu»Ali ndi chiwalo chapadera chapadera pakhosi pake, chifukwa cha gulugufe pomwe amapanga mawu ofunikira. Ponseponse, pali mitundu pafupifupi 10,000 ya tizilombo tomwe timakhala padziko lapansi, yomwe imatha kupanga mitundu yambiri yamtundu, koma ku Brazhnik sipuniyi imakhala yokwezeka kwambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nyanjayi, komanso chokhala ndi chigaza chowopsa pakhungu lake, idawonedwa kale ndi anthu ngati mbiri yoyipa.
Maonekedwe achilendo "Brazhnika"Kutumikiridwa monga chodzutsa kwa anthu ambiri odziwika komanso opanga. Wolemba wotchuka kwambiri Edgar Allan Poe munkhaniyi "Sphinx"Anatembenuza chamoyo chokongola kukhala mtundu wa cholengedwa chosamvetsetseka chomwe chikuwomba m'mphepete mwa mapiri.
Zouziridwa ndi gulugufe ndipo Van gogh, yemwe mu Meyi 1889 adalemba chithunzi, chomwe adachitcha "Brazhnik wakufa mutu". Wojambulayo adapunthira pa gulugufe m'munda wa chipatala cha Saint-Remy ndikujambulapo Canvas. Kalanga Van gogh anali wolakwitsa, akukhulupirira kuti "mtundu" womwe iye adalemba anali wotchuka kwambiri "Mutu wakufa". M'malo mwake, adakoka gulugufe kuchokera kubanja lomwelo brazhnikovkoma idatchedwa "Diso lamtendere» (Saturnia pyri).
GulugufeWakufa kapena Mutu wa Adamu"- yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa banja la agulugufe aku Europe, popeza mapiko ake amatha kufikira mainchesi 13 kutalika.
Kutha mphamvu Brazhnika ndizopadera. Ndiye woyendetsa maulendo othamanga pakati pa agulugufe onse, chifukwa amatha kufulumira mpaka ma kilomita makumi asanu (!) Pa ola limodzi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera ukuMutu wakufa»Amatha kuyenda, kupita mtunda wokwanira, ngakhale kuwuluka kuchokera kudziko lina kupita kwina.
NtchentcheHawker"Pamwamba kwambiri ndikuuluka ndikufanana ndi ndege yankhondo yokhala ndi mawu ocheperako (chifukwa mkati mwa sekondi imodzi, kachilomboka kamapanga mapiko makumi asanu ndi awiri).
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mu mtundu wa agulugufe achilatini (lat Acherontia atropos) adaphatikiza mayina awiri omwe adawonjezera mantha mu Agiriki omwe amakhala ku Hellas yakale. Mawu oyamba amachokera ku dzina la mtsinje wachisoni "Acheron"(Imodzi mwa mitsinje isanu ya pansi pa akufa, dzina lake lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zikhumbo zonse za kumanda). Gawo lachiwiri la dzinalo la Chilatini limatanthawuza dzina la m'modzi mwa milungu yachikazi yamtsogolo (moira wamtsogolo ")Atropos"), Omwe, malinga ndi nthano, amadula ulusi woimira moyo wamunthu.
Mulimonsemo, gulugufeyu ali ndi nkhani "yoseketsa" kwambiri. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira kuti mkati mwazaka za kafukufukuyu zinali ndendende tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa vuto la kufalikira kwa mliri, kulephera kwa mbewu ndi zovuta zina. Zimakhulupirira kuti gulugufe "Mutu wakufa"Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatsenga akuda ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya olosera ndi ma warlocks, ndipo anthu amatsenga adazindikira kufinya komwe kumatumizidwa ndi tizilombo ngati njira yolankhulirana pakati pa amatsenga ndi mizimu yakufa yochokera kudziko lina.
Sizikunena kuti chifukwa chabodza komanso zikhulupiriro, moyo wa gulugufe unkakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse. Palibe amene angadabwe kuti mitundu yokongola yamtunduwu imakhalabe bwanji mpaka nthawi yathu ino.
Gulugufe wachikulire (imago)
Mitundu yambiri Brazhnikov ndi ma pollin maluwa. Akuluakulu ambiri amadya timadzi tokoma t maluwa, koma osakhala pa duwa, koma ozungulira ndikuyenda pamwamba pake kuti ayamwitse timadzi tokhathamira kuchokera pakati pa duwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya maluwa. Chifukwa cha luso lawo lapadera lotsegula m'mlengalenga, agulugufe a ku Brazhnik adatchedwa "Hummingbird».
Agulugufe onse amtunduwu amakhala ndi tinyanga yayitali. Thupi limakhala lofanana. Phula limakhala lalitali komanso lolimba pamutu.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti si gulugufe wachikulire yekha yemwe amapanga mawu Brazhnika, komanso mbozi, komanso pupae, ngakhale momwe mawu ake amapangidwira ndi osiyana.
Mbali yapadera ya gulugufe "Mutu wakufa", Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi kukhalapo kwa chifuwa chajambulidwe monga chigaza cha munthu, ndikupangitsa kuti chizindikire mosavuta. Mapiko akutsogolo a tizilomboti ndi akuluakulu, a bulauni, abulauni, owoneka bwino komanso owongoka. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi ochepa pang'ono kuposa kutsogolo, okutidwa ndi kupukutira wachikasu ndipo pamaso pawo pali milozo ziwiri zakuda. Proboscis sichitali.
Nthawi zambiri, gulugufe amatulutsa mibadwo iwiri ya ana, koma nthawi yabwino (yophukira nthawi yayitali) imatha kupatsa m'badwo wachitatu.
Ngati nthawi yophukira imazizira, ana ambiri a m'badwo wachitatu amafa, osatha kupirira zipatso zoyambirira.
GulugufeMutu wakufa"Ili ndi kutembenuka kokwanira kokhala magawo anayi:
Zambiri zasayansi, zamatsenga, zopeka ...
Modabwitsa, pali mphekesera zambiri komanso zikhulupiriro zambiri kuzungulira oimira amtunduwu za "Mutu Wakufa". Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi la gulugufe limakhala ndi mtundu wosadziwika womwe umafanana ndi chigaza cha munthu powoneka. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha "chofunikira" cha atheros Acherontia. Ndiye chifukwa chake mfundo zomwe zasayansi zokhudzana ndi gulugufe sizosangalatsa ngati nthano komanso zikhulupiriro zabodza. Amapatsidwa nthawi yambiri yowerenga.
Chojambulachi, chomwe chimayikidwa pa gulugufe komanso chowoneka ngati chigaza cha munthu, chimapangitsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi mantha kwanthawi yayitali. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti lepidoptera ili ndi dzina lomwe limachokera ku zikhulupiriro zachi Greek. Dzinali lidaphatikiza chisoni cha mtsinje wozizira wa Aheon, womwe udawopsa anthu okhala ku Hellas wakale ndi Moira Atropos, akufanizira moyo wa anthu komanso dziko lamdima.
"Mutu wakufa" ndi banja la achifwamba. Kukula kwa mapiko ake kungafike masentimita 15. Ku Europe, kachilombo kameneka kamaonedwa kuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
Mphotho ya gulugufe "Mutu wa Adamu"
Mchira wa gulugufe wamutu wa Adamu umakhala mobisa nthawi zonse. Amasankhidwa kumunsi pokhapokha ngati akufuna kudya. Zimadyera ku acherontia atropos, nthawi zambiri zimomera zomwe zimatha kufikira. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka pazomera zomwe zimakonda kudya pamizu ya mabanja osiyanasiyana, masamba, nightshade ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nthaka. Khwangwala akatuluka m'dzenjemo, amadya ndi kubwerera.
Maonekedwe a mboziyo si zachilendo. Nthawi zina kutalika kwake kumafikira ngakhale masentimita 13. Nthawi zonse, thupi lake limagawika m'magawo atatu. Amayang'ananso mchira wake, makamaka mawonekedwe ake (nyanga yolimbidwa). Mtundu wa mboziyo ndiwobiliwira mopepuka ndi mawanga amtambo ndi akuda. Pansi pa nthaka, imatembenuza kuchoka ku mphutsi kukhala chrysalis, panthawiyi imakhala nthawi yonse yozizira, ndipo ikangotha kutentha kuchokera ku chrysalis "imasintha zovala" kukhala gulugufe wokongola, wokongola. Gulugufe ukhoza kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Nthawi zina tizilombo timasunthira ndikupanga ndege zazitali. Kuthamanga kwa gulugufe "Mutu Wakufa" - ojambula ndikuyenda kwawo amatha kufikira 50 km / h. Zinali zodabwitsa kwa asayansi kuti tizilombo touluka tikamapanga mawu osamveka - amafinya. Gulugufe amadalira uchi. Mutha kuyang'ana pa iwo usiku. Akuwuluka kukuwala.
Zikhulupiriro Zabodza za Gulugufe
Ndizosangalatsa kuti kwa wolemba Edgar Allan Poe, "Dead Head" tsopano ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale. Atamuwona, adalemba nkhani "Sphinx", pomwe kachilombo kena kosadziwika kadasandulika cholengedwa chosangalatsa, chomwe chidakwera mapiri a mapiri. Mu filimu "Mutu wa Adamu" umapezeka mufilimuyi "Silence of the Sons." Apa, wotchuka adayika chidole chake pakamwa pa ozunzidwa.
Anthu aku Russia adakhulupirira kuti palibe amene amakhala pafupi atamwalira gulugufe ndipo amayenera kuphedwa. Ku England, zidanenedwa kuti obwebweta ndi mfiti amagwiritsa ntchito "Mutu Wakufa" pamiyambo yosiyanasiyana. Ku Europe, adatinso posachedwa gulugufeyu asandulika wopanga.
Kutengera kuti chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa gulugufe Acherontia atropos, komanso nthano zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi izo, panali kuzunzidwa kumbuyo kwa "Mutu Wakufa". Ichi ndichifukwa chake mitundu yazilombo idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Zowona, simuyenera kumuopa. Ndikwabwino kungosilira!