Chingwe chokhala ndi mikwingwirima, Chingwe ndi mkate wamizere,

Tizilombo ta balere

Coleoptera (Beetles) - Coleoptera

Mkate Wokanda Mkaka - Wofalitsa matenda ambiri azomera ndi mbewu zakutchire. Zomera zazikulu zam'madzi: tirigu, rye, barele, tirigu, tirigu, fescue, mapira, chimanga, oats, chumiza, kaolin. Iwononga mbewu yadzuwa wa Magaleb. Pali zakudya pa beets ndi mbewu zopachika, zopanda mawonekedwe. Kubereka bisexual. Kukula kwatha. Chikumbu kupitirira. Nthawi yakula, mbadwo umodzi umakula.

Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mukulitse

Zabwino t (o C)+ 17 – +20 Zofalitsa pachaka1 Dzira (mm)0,5 Lvava (mm)3,5 Imago (mm)1,2 – 2 Mbali yolimba25 - 65 g. pa 1m 2

Morphology

Imago. Beetle 1.2 - 2 mm kutalika, 0,6 - 0,8 mm mulifupi, chowulungika - oblong, convex, expressionotum kale elytra. Kupaka utoto makamaka kumakhala wakuda, mutu ndi expressionotum wokhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtambo kapena wobiriwira. Pa elytra iliyonse, Mzere wautali wachikasu.

Mutu wokutidwa ndi madontho abwino kuposa expressionotum. Mikwingwirima yachikasu ya elytra yokhala ndi malembedwe akuthwa, pansi osakulungika mkati kapena kunja. Malire a suture amachotsedwa kuchokera kunja ndi mzere wachisanu. Tibiae ndi tarsi wakuda, maondo achikasu.

Magawo anayi oyambirira a anyaniwa ndi achikasu. Elytra wonyezimira, wokutidwa ndi mizere yambiri.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasiyana magawo a ziwalo zoberekera. Makhalidwe achiwiri ndi ofanana ndi onse oimira banja la kachilomboka (Chrysomelidae).

Dzira chikasu, kutalika kwa 0,5 mm.

Larva loyera, cylindrical mawonekedwe. Scleritis ndi yosaoneka, kupatula gawo lomaliza lam'mimba. Imasanjidwa mwamphamvu ndipo imagwira ntchito yofera. Mphutsi ndi 3.5 mm kutalika.

Phenology ya chitukuko (m'masiku)

KutembenukaZokwanira Kuzungulira kwathunthu1 chaka

Kukula

Imago overwinter mu lamba nkhalango, gully, m'mphepete, m'nkhalango kumtunda dothi pansi pa chomera zinyalala. Malo achisanu nthawi yachisanu amakhala m'malire ndi minda. Amadzuka m'mawa kwambiri ndipo nthawi yotentha kwambiri + 8 ° C - + 10 ° C imawulukira kuminda. Poyamba, mbewu za nthawi yozizira ndi mbewu zamphesa zimapezeka. Kenako zimawulukira mbande za masika mbewu. Izi makamaka tirigu, barele ndi chimanga, ochepa oats.

Nthawi yakukalamba amawonera kutentha + 17 17 C - + 20 ° C. Iyi ndi nthawi yayikulu kwambiri ya kafadala. Pakadali pano, amadya mwachangu komanso kuchulukana. Akazi amayikira mazira m'nthaka akuya masentimita 1 mpaka 3.

Dzira. Kutalika kwa mluza kumatengera nyengo.

Larva zimawonekera ndikukhazikika mu dothi. Amatafuna mizu yaying'ono, koma osayipitsa mbewu.

Poll. Mphutsi zamkaka zimalocha m'makola a dothi, m'malo odyetsa. Pupa amakula pafupifupi milungu iwiri.

Imago amatuluka pupae mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Chiwerengero cha nsikidzi zazing'ono chikukula mofulumira. Pakadali pano, amadya masamba a mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuvulaza chimanga. Mukatha kukolola, kafadala wamkulu amapita kumalo achisanu.

Zinthu zachitukuko. M'chaka, m'badwo umodzi umakula.

Mitundu yoyandikira

Mu morphology (mawonekedwe), wamkulu ali pafupi ndi mitundu ya Phyllotreta schreineri. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa madontho akakwinya pamutu ndi expressionotum, ndi mkuwa wamphamvu, wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira. Mikwaso yachikasu ya elytra ndi yotakata komanso yosalala mkati, ndipo kunja kwa phewa imayandikira kufupi. Makina ake anali osasunthika, pang'onopang'ono amasintha kukhala akuda. Tibiae ndi tarsi nthawi zambiri zachikasu.

Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zamtunduwu, Flea wokhala ndi miyendo yopepuka (Phyllotreta nemorum) amapezeka nthawi zambiri, yemwenso limafanana ndi morphology kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi nthambo ya Bread-striped (Phyllotreta vittula).

Gulu

Malinga ndi malo ogawa nyama, utoto wa mkate ndi wa Coleoptera, kapena Beetles, banja la kachilomboka, masamba a Chaetocnema.

Wachibale wapafupi ndi utoto wa mkate ndi mtundu wina wazomera za mbewu monga chimanga - tsinde. Iye ndi msuwani wa heroine wathu, ndipo ndi wa mtundu Phyllotreta. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, utali wa tsinde umawononga kwambiri zimayambira za mbewu, pomwe buledi buledi umasankha masamba.

Kufotokozera

Thumba lanyama limakhala laling'ono kukula, mpaka mamilimita awiri kutalika ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu a millimeter lonse, cholakwika ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yachikasu. Pamakhalidwe amenewa, kachiromboka nthawi zambiri amatchedwa utoto wokhala ndi mkate.

Kuyerekeza kugonana mu tizilombo tofotokozedwera kumawonetsedwa, komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa oimira akazi kapena amuna osiyanasiyana kumadziwika. Izi makamaka zimakhudza kapangidwe ka maliseche.

Thandizo lathu! Kugonana kwamanyazi kumatanthauza kusiyanasiyana kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Malware

Chingwe chamafuta-mkate ndimtundu wowopsa wa chimanga cham'madzi ndi barele. Chimanga ndi oats sizimavulaza. Zomera zodyetsa tizilombo ndizophatikiza tirigu, barele, rye, mapira, chimanga, chumizu, ryegrass, udzu wa tirigu, fescue, bluegrass ndi mbewu zina. Kawirikawiri sizivuta beets shuga, mbewu zopachika, tsabola ndi zipatso za antipka.

Nsikidzi Akuluakulu amavulala, makamaka mu April. Mimbulu imakwaza thupi kuchokera pamwamba pa tsamba. Madera owonongeka amawoneka ngati mizere yopapatiza ndi mawanga omwazika masamba. Mu mbande, akuluakulu amayamba kuluma masamba, kenako mbale yonse. Zowonongeka zazikulu, mbewu zimakhala zachikasu.

Kuwonongeka kwa chimanga cham'madzi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pakumenyetsa pansi, ndipo popanda zosoweka, gawo la mbewu limawonongeka.

Zowonongeka zimachepetsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, zimachepetsa kupangika kwa mbewu monga chimanga.

Tizilombo koyipa kwambiri m'zaka ndi chilala cham'mawa koyambirira.

Kusala kwachuma imatsimikizika mu gawo la mmera; imakhazikika pomwe pali ma bugs 300 pakulipidwa 100 ndi ukonde wa gulugufe, kapena ndi nsapato zingapo za 25-65 pachikuta chilichonse cha munda.

Kufalitsa

Kuchulukitsa kwamitambo yamafuta owongoka kwamtambo ndikokulira. Ikufotokoza pafupifupi Europe yonse, North Africa, Central ndi East Asia. Ku Russian Federation, cholakwika chimatha kupezeka kudera lonse komwe kulimidwa tirigu: kuyambira Kaliningrad mpaka Nakhodka.

Mwachilengedwe, nsikidzi zimakhazikika munyengo, minda, ndi malo ena okhala ndi mbewu zamphesa zomwe zimamera m'thengo.

Zomera zopatsa

Mbale, makamaka masika, zimawononga mbewu za phala. Nthawi zambiri, amawononga tirigu wamasika ndi barele, koma kafadala samakonda kwambiri oats.

Kuphatikiza pa mbewuzi, timitamba ta mkate tating'onoting'ono timadyanso zakudya zotere:

• chimanga
• rye
• mapira
• Chumiz,
• rygrass
• Zomera zamphesa zamtchire: udzu wa tirigu, fescue, buluu.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi tizirombo tina, tokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala, mphutsizo zimawononga kwambiri mbewu, koma akuluakulu.

Mbuluzi zimadya kuzungulira kumtunda kwa tsamba, motero zimalepheretsa chomeracho gawo lalikulu la chlorophyll.

Moyo

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezekanso m'dzinja kumagwa nyengo yachisanu m'mphepete mwa msewu, m'miyendo yam'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitengo ndi matanda oyandikira kufesa. Pamenepo, pansi pa masamba, amapulumuka nthawi yozizira kwambiri pachaka.

Dzuwa la masika liziwiritsa kutentha kwa madigiri 7 mpaka 11 Celsius, utitiri wamtambo wamtambo umawulukira masamba ndi mbewu zamphesa zamtchire ndi minda yofesedwa ndi mbewu yozizira, ndiye kuti, masika atayamba kuphukira, kutulutsa mbewu, pomwe masamba atsopano ndi achifundo kwambiri.

Kutentha kwa madigiri 17-20, kafadala amayamba kukwatirana. Pambuyo pake, zazikazi zimagona pansi mpaka akuya masentimita 1-3, theka la millimeter kutalika, ma testicles achikasu.

Posachedwa, kutengera nyengo, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe sizimavulaza zokha. Amadyetsa mizu yaying'ono ya chimanga ndi namsongole. Apa, kumtunda kwa dothi, mphutsi zam'mimba. M'mawonekedwe, mphutsi zimafanana ndi yaing'ono, mamilimita 3.5 kutalika, wachikasu wachikasu wokhala ndi miyendo itatu ndi gawo lomaliza la thupi lomwe limawerama.

Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, utitiri wakale wamakhalidwe akuluakulu umapezeka kuchokera ku pupae, womwe amachoka nthawi yozizira, atayendera kale mbande za mbewu yachisanu.

M'nyengo imodzi yokha, nthenga zamamba zamtunduwu zimapatsa m'badwo umodzi kuzungulira kwawo kwathunthu.

Kuyang'anira Tizilombo

Ponena za kulimbana ndi ntambo wa mkate wamizeremizere, mitundu iwiri ya ntchito ndiosiyanitsidwa:

Njira zoyambirira, za agrotechnical, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kukopa komanso kupewa kufalikira kwa tizirombo. Mulinso zochitika monga:

1. Kusunga nthawi yofesa masika koyambirira. Nthawi yothamanga imalola kuti mbande ikhale pang'ono, zomwe zingachepetse kukopa kwawo ngati chakudya cha chikho.
2. Udzu utha kuzungulira mabwalo a mbewu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka powononga mbewu zamphepo zomwe zimamera m'thengo.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mineral kumawononga utitiri palimodzi ndi tizinthu ta nthaka ndi mphutsi.
4. Ngakhale kufesa mozama mozama kumathandizira kuti mbewu zikule msanga, isanakhale nthawi yobwera ndi tizilombo.
5. Kulimidwa kwa mbewu zoterezi, makamaka tirigu, kamene kamakhala ndi masamba azitali achikazi.

Njira zoyendetsera zamankhwala zimaphatikizira mankhwalawa atakulidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tinjira zosiyanasiyana:

• organophosphorous amapanga
• ma pyrethroids
• neonicotinoids.

Ntchito imeneyi imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike pamaso pa nsikidzi za 30-50 pa mita imodzi ya gawo pamilingo yoyang'ana.

Tsoka ilo, sitinapeze kanema wonena za mkate. M'malo mwake, tikukupatsani zambiri za kachilombo kena - phokoso la Kuzka, lomwe mayi ake a Nikita Khrushchev adalonjeza kuwonetsa anthu aku America mkulankhula kwake.

Ntchentche yaku Sweden

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ku ntchentche yaku Sweden kumayambira 1.5 mpaka 3 mm, ndipo nthawi zowerengeka ziwiri mpaka zisanu zimachitika chaka. Mphutsi zimakhala mkati mwa mitengo kapena michere ya mbewu.

Amawonongera mapesi akuluakulu azitsamba, komanso masamba ndi mbewu. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchentche ya Sweden zimafa kapena zimatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyi ithere pomwepo.

• Chithandizo cham'munda chodzikonzera musanafesere,
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni,
• kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ma tizirombo patachitika unyinji wa ntchentche kuuluka ndikuyika mazira,
• chiputu chakudontha, kulimitsa kwakukulu.

Hessian akuuluka

Tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko awiri a banja la ndulu. Chimafanana ndi udzudzu m'thupi, pafupifupi 2 mm kutalika.

Ntchentche ya Hessian - imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu za rye ndi tirigu, zimakhudzanso balere ndi udzu wina wamphesa. Mphutsi zoyera zachikasu mkati mwa 1.5 mm kutalika kwake kumaphika timadziti tating'ono ndi masamba. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchentche zowuma ndikupereka zokolola zazing'ono, njere zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimafa kwathunthu.

Njira zolimbana ndi tizilombo:

• Khirisimasi yolima patatha milungu itatu itatha kukolola ndi kuterera,
• Kusankha masiku oyenera obzala mbewu nthawi yachisanu,
• kulima tirigu durum yemwe sangathenso kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo,
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphate.

Kupunthwa kwa tirigu

Mphutsizo zimamera m'khutu ndipo zimabisala pansi pa chisanu. Chapakatikati, amasintha kukhala munthu wamkulu, yemwe pakupanga ngala za tirigu amaikira mazira atsopano.

Kupunthwa kumayamwa timadziti kuchokera khutu ndikuwonongeka. Zochita za tizilombo zimabweretsa kufooka kwa mbewu ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo.

Njira zoyendetsera tizilombo:

• Mukangotuta, kulima ziputu ndikulima kwakatundu.
• kutsatira kasinthidwe ka mbewu
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphate,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Chakudya chophika

Ndi nsikidzi za buledi za akuluakulu zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri mbeu. Amawononga mbewu monga mikate ya masika ndi nthawi yozizira, kudya zipatso zazing'ono zofewa ndikugogoda zolimba kuchokera ku spikelets. Mphutsi zimawononga mizu ya mkate wamasika, mpendadzuwa ndi chimanga, komanso beets la shuga.

1. kusisima mukakolola,
2. kulima mwakuya musanabzale,
3. kukolola tirigu m'nkhaka,
4. kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Zosemedwa

Tizilombo timeneti timadyedwa masamba kwambiri. Wachikulire ndi cholakwika chakuda mkati mwa 2 mm kutalika, mphutsi ndi zoyera, zowala, pafupifupi 3 mm kutalika.

Tizilombo tokhala m'mizeremizere timayambitsa mavuto pafupifupi pafupifupi mbewu zonse, makamaka barele wamasika ndi tirigu.

• kupopera mbewu musanafesa mankhwala
• kubzala koyambirira kwa mbewu zamasika,
• kupopera minda ndi mankhwala.

Tsinde

Zipilala ndizoperewera, zoyera, mpaka 5 mm kutalika, anthu akuluakulu ndi kachilomboka akuda amkuwa mpaka 2.5 mm.

Mphutsi zomwe zimadya mapesi a mbewu zamphesa zimayipitsa kwambiri, zimapangitsa mbewu kufa. Amayambitsa zowonongeka kwambiri mbewu zam'munda wa barele ndi tirigu, sangakhudze tirigu wozizira komanso oats.

Njira zothanirana ndi utitiri wa mkate wa tsinde:

• kubzala koyambirira kwa mbewu zamasika,
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza komwe kumathandizira kuti mbewu zikule,
• kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• udzu, kumalima dothi ndikutulutsa nthawi yayitali mutangokolola.

Chakudya chophika

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi gulu la tizilombo tomwe timachokera ku banja la nsikidzi. Amawononga chakudya ndipo njere: yozizira ndi yamasika tirigu, komanso rye ndi barele. Zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo, mbewuzo zimasanduka zachikaso ndi zowuma, njereyo imataya mawonekedwe ake opatsa thanzi komanso kuthekera kwa kumera.

Njira zazikulu zolimbirana:

• Kapangidwe kazinthu zabwino zoperekera tizirombo timene timadya mazira (microfanurus, telenomus),
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• Kututa mu gawo la chikapsa chotsatiridwa ndikutsatiridwa posachedwa kwa masikono owuma.

Tsamba lamamba

Wachikulire ndi gulugufe wotalika mpaka 2 cm, utoto wopepuka. Mapira amphaka omwe amadya masamba amadzadutsa pamizere isanu ndi umodzi mukukula kwawo, mpaka kutalika kwa 1-1.2 cm.

Mphutsi za tsamba la chimanga limaphimba tsamba la chomera mozungulira ndikudyetsa mkati mwa chubu chopangidwa, ndipo pambuyo pake chitakula chimalowa mu kangaude ndikuchiwononga. M'malo opezekanso timapepala tambiri, kuchepa kwa tirigu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi tizilombo kumatatha kufikira 15 Centers pa hekitala iliyonse.

1. kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu,
2. njira za mankhwala: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi tizirombo ta m'mphepete mwa mbewu 100-150 metres.

Zofala

Aphid wamba ndi herbivore kuyamwa tizilombo. Kudya zipatso zamadzimadzi, kumavulaza masamba, zomwe zimapangitsa chikaso kukhala chouma. Kukula kwa mbewu kumayamba kuchepa, zokolola zimachepa, nsabwe za chimanga nthawi zambiri zimafa kwathunthu.

Njira zazikulu zomenyera nkhondo ndi izi:

• kuponderela ziputu, kulima kwakuthengo minda yophukira,
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous,
• kubzala koyambirira kwa mkate wamasika,
• Chithandizo cham'munda chomera.

Chachikulu

Tizilombo timeneti timakhala pa mbewu zonse za chimanga, timakhala, masamba ndi makutu. Thupi limakhala lalitali ndi 2,5-3 mm, labiriwira lokhazikika. Amaswana mwachangu: m'malo abwino, mibadwo yatsopano ya aphid imatha kuoneka m'chilimwe chimodzi.

Ma nsabwe za m'mimba zimavulaza nthawi yozizira ndi tirigu wamasika ndi barele, komanso rye, oats ndi chimanga.

Kuwongolera tizilombo:

• chiputu chakhalira ndi kulima yophukira.
• kubzala koyambirira kwa mbewu zamasika,
• kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza komwe kumathandizira kukhazikitsa mbewu ndikuzipangitsa kuti zizigwirizana kwambiri kuti ziwonongeke.

Opomiza tirigu

Ntchentcheyo ndi wachikasu wachikasu, mpaka 4 mm kutalika. Mazira hibernate m'nthaka, kumayambiriro kwa masika, mphutsi zimatuluka, zomwe zimaluma ndikuluma kwa mbewu za phala, ndikupita mkati mwake.

Zachinyengo zowonongeka kwa tirigu wozizira, rye ndi barele. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi opomosis, masamba amafota kaye, kenako.

• mankhwala a mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• kusankha nthawi yabwino yofesa.

Wheat ntchentche

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu mpaka 5 mm, mtundu wakuda, mphutsi zoyera, mpaka 8 mm kutalika.

Mphutsiyo imaluma mu tsinde, ndikupanga momwe imayambira kutsogolo kwa kangaude. Nthimba za masika mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tisanalire, monga lamulo, zimafa kwathunthu.

Njira zakuchitira ndi ntchentche ya tirigu:

• mankhwala a mbewu yozizira ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo,
• Udzu utayamba kuwuma mutangotula ndi kulima panthaka.
• kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mikwingwirima ya mbewu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Udzudzu wa Millet

Mphutsi za m'badwo wotsiriza zimakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje wakuda, wamkulu amakhala ndi thupi lakuda ndi lowala pamimba. Ndi nyengo yabwino nyengo ya kasupe-chilimwe, mibadwo itatu kapena inayi ya tizilombo timatha kuonekera. Udzudzu wamtundu wa m'badwo woyamba kasupe umayikira mazira pa namsongole, ndipo mphutsi zimamera.

Mibadwo ingapo yotsatirayi yomwe imapezeka nthawi ya chilimwe imayamba kuphukira nthawi yamaluwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu za chomera (zopanda pake).

• Udzu wamphepo ndi herbicides,
• mankhwala a foci a udzudzu kuswana ndi mankhwala.

Elia Nose

Ili ndi thupi la chikaso cha kutalika kwa 1 cm; kumbuyo kuli mawonekedwe amizere yoyera ndi yakuda. Mphutsi mpaka 7.5 mm kutalika, wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. M'badwo umodzi umatha kukula mchaka chimodzi.

Elia amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu za rye, tirigu, barele, oats. Mphutsi yoyamba kudya zipatso za achinyamata zimayambira ndi masamba, kenako kucha. Akuluakulu amadyanso njere. Zakale zimachepetsa mtundu wa mbewu, chomaliza - kuchuluka kwake.

1. ntchito kulima kwa mankhusu,
2. kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi ndi akuluakulu ophera tizirombo,
3. kukolola koyambirira.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ndi karoti. Momwe mungathane ndi tizilombo, werengani m'nkhaniyi.

Delphacid ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadumphira timatchedwa "nkhumba" chotchuka. Mupeza zomwe tizirombo timene timadya pa https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/delfacidy.html ulalo.

Chingwe cha mutu wakuthwa

Akuluakulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opanga thupi, otalika mpaka masentimita 1. Tizilomboti nthawi yozizira pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo kasupe amayikira mazira. Mwa izi, mphutsi zimawonekera, pakatha miyezi iwiri kulowa akuluakulu.

Mphutsi zimadzaza tirigu, barele ndi mbewu zina. Komanso akulu amadya chimanga. Zochita za tizilombo zimayambitsa kutsika kwa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu.

Kulimbana ndi cholakwika chokhala ndi mutu:

• Kulima ziputu ndikulima minda mutakolola,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mbewu za tirigu, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri zachuma komanso zimakhala m'malo ambiri, zimafunikira chisamaliro choyenera. Kudziwa njira zopewera tizilombo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake kupewa kupewa kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe tizilombo timene timayambitsa.

Maonekedwe a chikopa cha mkate

Beetles amtunduwu kutalika kumafika 1.5-2,5 mm. Utoto wakuda ndi ubweya wonyezimira kapena ubweya wakuda. Mtambo wamiyala yopingasa imakhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono chikaso kumtunda kwa elytra. Pali mfundo pa gawo la parietal la mutu komanso pamphumi.

Thumba lalikulu la mkate (Chaetocnema aridula).

Chikasu chachikulu, mpaka mamilimita pafupifupi 3.5. Thupi lake limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lowala. Pa gawo lomaliza la thupilo ndi pomwepo. Utitiri wa buledi umakhala ndi magulu awiri amiyendo ya chifuwa.

Mitundu ya utoto wa mkate

Mitundu iwiri ya utitiri wa mkate ndiodziwika:

Tsinde mkate imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid mawonekedwe. Mtunduwu ndi wamkuwa wakuda wokhala ndi tint yobiriwira, ntchafu zamtsogolo zili zofiirira. Pali madontho pamutu ndi kutsogolo kumbuyo.

Thanzi la tirigu (Chaetocnema hortensis).

Thumba lalikulu la mkate - khungu lakuda lamkuwa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mamilimita 2.5-3. Pali madontho ang'onoang'ono pa chikwangwani ndi pamphumi, ndipo mipata pakati pawo imakulanso kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa madontho pawokha.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Malo okhala mbalame za Habitat

Nthaka za mikate zimagawidwa kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia, ku Siberia ndi Central Asia, ku Far East, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chimanga timakhudzidwa ku Western Europe, China, North Africa. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka m'minda yokhala ndi mbewu monga chimanga, meadows ndi malo ena omwe mbewu zamtchire zimamera. Kuti nthawi yozizira ichitike, uthengo umathawira masamba ogwa m'nkhalango komanso m'malo otentha. Samawuluka kutali ndi chakudya chawo. Tizilombo timadya mbewu za chimanga zozizira. Koma ndi zikamera masika mbewu masika mbewu kufesa kwambiri kufalikira kwa iwo.

Maonekedwe ndi mitundu yamafuta a buledi

Dzinalo lolondola la kachilomboka ndi utoto wakudya wamizere, womwe umaimira mitundu iwiri:

• tsinde - mtundu wamkuwa wakuda wokhala ndi thupi la convex ovoid kutalika kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2.5 mamilimita,
• chachikulu - chokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka mamilimita 3,2.

Pakati pawo, mitundu iyi ya tizirombo imasiyana osati kutalika kwa thupi, komanso mtunda pakati pa mfundo zomwe zili pamphumi ndi kumbuyo. Mu ntchentche ya tsinde, mtunda pakati pa mfundo ndi wofanana ndi kukula kwawo, ndipo kwakukulu umakhala wokulirapo kuwirikiza kawiri konsekonse. Kunja, tizilombo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Thupi lokwera, linalake lamtundu wakuda ndi mtundu wamtambo kapena wamtambo, wokhala ndi mikwaso yachikaso pa elytra. Chingwe chokhala ndi tsinde chimakonda kudya mapesi a chimanga, pomwe chambiri chimadya masamba. Pakugonana, tizilombo ndizovuta kusiyanitsa, kokha mawonekedwe amitundu yomwe imatilola kusiyanitsa oyimira amuna ndi akazi.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaphukira m'badwo umodzi. Pambuyo nthawi yachisanu yozizira, kutentha kwam'mlengalenga kukutentha bwino, zazikazi zimayamba dzira litagona m'nthaka. Mphutsi sizimatha kuwononga kwambiri mbewu yamphesa. Amadyetsa namsongole ndi mizu yaying'ono yazomera. Ngakhale, atakula, amasamukira kumitengo ya mbewu, akuyamwa msuzi kwa iwo. Koma, theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, pupae, nkutembenukira kukhala kafadala wamkulu, amayang'ana kwambiri mphukira zachisanu za chimanga chisanu musanabisike nyengo yachisanu. Mazira oyera ozungulira amafikira kukula mpaka theka la millimeter. Kuchokera pamenepo amapezeka mphutsi zosachedwa kutalika mpaka ma millimeter 1-2, kenako pupae wamtundu wakuda womwe umayamba posachedwa, amasintha kukhala achikulire, achinyamata.

Chidule: Nyengo yabwino kwambiri nyengo yotukula ndikufalitsa kachilomboka ndi kutentha ndi chilala!

Njira zopewera utali wa mkate

Pali njira ziwiri zochitira ndi utoto wa mkate:

Njira zodziyimira bwino zimalola popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupatula vuto la kufalikira kwa utitiri m'minda zofesedwa. Komabe, kasupe akadakhala wouma ndi wotentha, ndipo tizilombo tomwe timaberekana, ndiye kuti njira zaulimi zokha sizingapewe. Chithandizo cha mankhwala chimaphatikizira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi organophosphorous, mankhwala a cosanochlorine, neonicotinoids ndi pyrethroids.

Njira za Agrotechnical

Njirazi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi utitiri wa mkate, komanso monga njira yoteteza. Akatswiri azachipembedzo

• kuchita kufesa kwa masika a chimanga cham'mera kwambiri kuti mbande zikhale ndi nthawi kuti zitheke komanso kuti asiye kutengera chidwi ndi tizilombo,
• kulimbana ndi namsongole pofesa minda, makamaka mbewu zamphepo
• munthawi yake pangani feteleza wamamineral omwe amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa mphutsi za tizirombo,
• gwiritsani ntchito mbewu za chimanga zomwe sizigwirizana ndi utitiri wa mkate, mwachitsanzo, tirigu wokhala ndi masamba atali achikazi,
• onetsetsani kuti kufesa kumalowa bwino. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbewu zikule msanga pasadakhale nthawi yothandizira tizilombo,
• samalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu
• malinga ndi malo osakhalako ndi kachirombo koyipitsa nyengo.

Mankhwala

Chithandizo cha mbewu zothandizirana ndi tizirombo timaphatikizira:

• kupangira zida zamankhwala ndi mankhwala,
• kupopera mbewu munthawi yake

Kupanga kwamankhwala kumachitika pakaunikiridwa kowonekera kuchokera pa 30 mpaka 50 nsikidzi pa mita imodzi ndi imodzi ya malo olimidwa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tizilombo chimakhala m'mphepete mwa minda. Chifukwa chake, makamaka njira zowongolera mankhwala zimapangidwira kupopera mbewu gawo ili la mbewu.

Ndemanga ya anthu za nkhondo yolimbana ndi nthomba

Agronomist Vitaliy, wa zaka 42: Popeza ntchentche yazingwe imabweretsa chiwopsezo makamaka kwa mbande zazing'ono zam'mera zomwe sizinafike tsamba lachitatu, ndimakonda kuchita zoyamba kubzala. Ndimabzala nyemba zam'munda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndipo ndimabzala m'munda wa tirigu sabata limodzi kapena awiri, kutengera nyengo. Sindilola kufalikira kwa namsongole, womwe ndi chisamaliro chachikulu cha mbewuzo komanso kupatula kuwonjezeka kwa mbande zam'munda zamng'onoting'ono ndi nsikidzi.

Woimira wamkulu wa alimi "Zemlyakoff" Pavel Grigoryevich: kukula tirigu, rye, oats, timakumana nthawi zonse ndi nyama yankholo. Sitigwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira agrotechnical ake kuti athetse - kuwunika kwa kasinthidwe kazomera, kusalaza, kulima, komanso njira zamankhwala. Mbewu zimayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi kukonza mbewu zachisanu za chimanga. Mtumiki Wamagetsi wadzitsimikizira bwino, timapopera ndi iye m'mphepete mwa malo ofesedwa. Zochita zimapangika kuchokera kumadera omwe amathandizidwa mpaka omwe sanalandire. Kuphatikiza apo, samangomenya nkhondo ndi mkate, komanso tizirombo tina ta mbewu zamphesa. Zokolola ndizosangalatsa!

Pomaliza

Popewa kufalikira kwa mitunda yazingwe, muyenera kuganizira mozama za kugula ndi kufesa mbewu zanu. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimakonzedwa ndikusungidwa kwaukadaulo woyenera waulimi kupewa kupewa kuwononga mbewu. Ngati kufalikira kwa tizilombo kukufalikira, ndiye kuti mankhwala othandizika sangathe kupewedwa!