Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) - woyimilira yekhayo wa banja la sperm whale komanso wamkulu kwambiri wa zinsomba. Sperm whale nthawi zambiri imakopa chidwi cha olemba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, mawonekedwe ake owopsa komanso zovuta kuchita. Malongosoledwe asayansi a sperm whale anaperekedwa ndi Carl Linnaeus. Spha wawa ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa chinsomba chokhala ndi matalala, ndipo amakula moyo wawo wonse, motero zakale zazikuluzo, monga zazikulu. Amuna achikulire amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 20 metres ndi kulemera kwa matani 50, zazikazi ndizocheperako - kutalika kwake mpaka 15 m, ndipo kulemera kumafika mpaka 20 matani. Sperm whale ndi amodzi mwa ochepa a Cetaceans omwe amadziwika ndi dimorphism yokhudza kugonana: zazimayi zimasiyana ndi zachimuna osati kukula kwake, komanso thupi, kuchuluka kwa mano, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mutu, etc.

Sperm whale imawoneka pakati pa anamgumi ena akuluakulu ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera zofanizira. Maonekedwe a sperm whale ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri, motero nkovuta kuzisokoneza ndi ma cetaceans ena. Mutu waukulu mwa abambo okalamba umakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi (nthawi zina kuposa, mpaka 35% ya kutalika), mwa akazi umakhala wocheperako komanso wowonda, komanso umatenga pafupifupi kotala kutalika. Ambiri mwa voliyumu yamutu imakhala ndi chikwama chotchedwa umuna, chomwe chili pamwamba pa nsagwada yam'mwamba, chokhala ndi timizere tambiri timene timatidwa ndi umuna, timafuta tambiri tamapangidwe. Kulemera kwa "spermacet bag" kumafika matani 6 (ngakhale 11). Mutu wa chinsomba umumi umakakamizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali ndikuwonetsa, ndipo mutu wa akazi ndi anamgumi achichepere umakanikizidwa ndikuwunikira kwambiri kuposa amuna amuna. Pakamwa pa sperm whale pamakhala zotsekemera kuyambira pansi pamutu. Nsagwada yayitali komanso yopapatiza imakhala ndi mano akulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriwiri 20-25, ndipo dzino lililonse lomwe lili ndi mkamwa lotsekedwa limalowa ndi chopindika pataya la kumtunda. Mano a chinsomba cha sperm sakusiyanitsidwa, onse ndi ofanana mawonekedwe, amalemera pafupifupi 1 kg iliyonse ndipo alibe enamel. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba pamakhala mano awiri okha, ndipo nthawi zambiri satero, kapenanso samapezeka m'mkamwa. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mano ocheperako kuposa amuna. Nsagwada yapansi imatha kutseguka, madigiri 90. Kukhazikika kwa kamwa kamakhala ndi epithelium yoyipa, yomwe imalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa nyama. Maso a sperm whale ali kutali ndi kufalikira, pafupi ndi ngodya pakamwa, pomwepo amawasunthira kumbali yakumanzere kwa mutu ndikuwoneka ngati chilembo cha Chilatini S - amapangidwa kokha ndi mphuno lamanzere la chinsomba. Maso a sperm whale ndi okulirapo kwa ma cetaceans - mainchesi amaso akakhala masentimita 155, kumbuyo ndi pang'ono pansi pamaso ang'ono, pafupifupi 1 cm, mabowo okumba ngati chikwakwa. Kuseri kwa mutu, thupi la chinsomba limalumikizika ndikukhala pakati pakati, pafupifupi mozungulira pamtanda, kenako limabwinja ndikudutsa pang'onopang'ono, mpaka kumapeto, mpaka kumapeto kwa 5 m, ndikutalika kwa mawonekedwe a V. Kumbuyo kwa sperm whale kumakhala chowala chomwe chimawoneka ngati chinyezi chotsika, chotsatira ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri (zochepa kwambiri) zotumphukira, khola lopanda khungu losasanjika kumbuyo kwa zipsepse, ndi cholendewera chakumtunda chakumapeto kwa tsinde la caudal. Zikopa zamkati za Sperm whale zimakhala zazifupi, zazifupi, zozungulira, zotalika pafupifupi 1.8 m, m'lifupi mwake ndi 91. Chikopa cha whale umatha kupindika, kupindidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo mafuta amakhala pansi pake, amafika 50 cm m'lifupi mwa umuna waukulu ndipo amakula kwambiri. m'mimba.

Zolemba zamkati

Ziwalo zazikulu zamkati mwa chinsombazi ndizodabwitsa. Mukadula mita 16 sperm whale Zotsatirazi adazipeza: mtima wake umalemera makilogalamu 160, mapapu - 376 kg, impso - 400 makilogalamu, chiwindi - pafupifupi 1 toni, ubongo - 6.5 kg, kutalika kwa gawo lonse logaya chakudya kunali 256 m ndi kulemera pafupifupi 800 kg. Ubongo wa sperm whale ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, umatha kulemera makilogalamu 7.8. Kukula kwa mtima wa nangumi wapakati ndi mita kutalika ndi mulifupi. Mtima umakula kwambiri minofu yamatumbo, yofunikira kupopera magazi ambiri. Matumbo a sperm whale ndiwotalikirapo padziko lonse lapansi nyama, kutalika kwake ndikotalika 15-16 kuposa thupi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinsinsi zokhudzana ndi chinsomba, chifukwa nyama zodyera matumbo sizikhala motalika chotere. Mimba yokhala ndi umuna, monga anangumi onse okhala ndi timiyala tambirimbiri, ndi yamagawo ambiri.

Kupumira kwa sperm whale (monga ma whale onse ofunikira) kumapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi lamanzere lamanzere, lamanja limabisidwa pansi pa khungu, kumapeto kwake kumakhala kukulumikizidwa kwakukulu mkati mwamkokomo. Mkati, khomo lakumaso lamanja limatsekedwa ndi valavu. Pakukulitsa kwachigawo cham'mphuno, umuna umapeza mpweya, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito poluma. Pakuphipha, sperm whale umapereka kasupe wopendekera mosadukiza ndi mtsogolo pang'ono mpaka madigiri 45. Kapangidwe ka kasupe ndi kachilendo kwambiri ndipo sikuloleza kusokonezedwa ndi kasupe wa anamgumi ena, pomwe kasupe amakhala. Chungumi cha pop-up chimapuma pafupipafupi, kasupe amawoneka masekondi asanu ndi amodzi ndi asanu (sperm whale, amakhala pamtunda pakatikati pa dives pafupifupi mphindi 10, amatenga 60 mpweya). Pakadali pano, chinsomba chimakhala pafupi malo amodzi, chimangopita chamtsogolo pang'ono, ndipo, chikukhala pamalo opingika, chimagwera mmadzi, ndikutulutsa kasupe.

Spermaceti sac (mwanjira ina yotchedwa spermaceti, kapena mafuta pad) ndi mawonekedwe apadera mdziko la cetaceans, yomwe imangopezeka mu sperm whales (imapangidwanso ndi sperm whales, koma sichikhala chotukuka ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi sperm whale). Amayikiridwa pamutu pa bedi lopangidwa ndi mafupa a nsagwada yapamwamba ndi chigaza, ndipo imakhala mpaka 90% ya kulemera kwa mutu wa chinsomba. Ntchito za spermaceti sac sizimamvetsetseka bwino, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikupereka malangizo kumafunde amisala panthawi yakusinthika. Chiwalo cha spermaceti chimathandizanso kupereka gawo lofunikira la kubowola kwa chinsombacho pakukamira ndipo mwina, imathandizira kuziziritsa thupi la chinsomba.

Habitat ndi Kusamukira

Sperm whale Ili ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chimakhala chofala monse mu nyanja zamchere, kupatula kumadera ozizira kwambiri komanso kumwera kwenikweni - malo ake amakhala makamaka pakati pa 60 degrees kumpoto ndi kumwera kotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, anamgumi amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi gombe, m'malo okuya kwambiri kupitirira 200. Amuna amapezeka m'malo ochulukirapo kuposa akazi, ndipo amuna akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi m'madzi otentha. Ngakhale kuti nsonga za sperm whale ndizochulukirapo, mahavawa amakonda kukhala m'malo ena momwe mumakhala anthu okhazikika, otchedwa ng'ombe, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kulemba maina a ziboda kunapangitsa kuti zidziwike kuti ma sperm whales samasinthana kuchoka pamtunda wina kupita kwina. Anamwino onyenga amayambira kusambira pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi zinsomba za baleen. Ngakhale atasamukira, kuthamanga kwawo sikawonjeza kupitirira 10 km / h (kuthamanga kwambiri 37 km / h). Nthawi zambiri, umuna umamadya, umasambira kamodzi, kenako ukakhala pansi pamadzi, umakhala pansi nthawi yayitali. Umuna wosangalatsa ukadumphira m'madzi, ndikugwera ndi khutu losamva, ndikuwomba mchira wawo pamadzi. Amuna amatha kupumula tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo patsiku, koma amagona pang'ono, atapendekera pamtunda ngati dzira. Nthawi yomweyo, zidagezeka kuti mu kugona kwa umuna kumakhala kugundana, ma hemispheres onse aubongo amasiya kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo (osati mwanjira ina, monga momwe zimakhalira pakati pa ma cetaceans ena ambiri).

Sperm whale mbedza

Pofufuza nyama sperm whale imapanga kuyenda pansi kwambiri pakati pa zolengedwa zonse za m'madzi, mozama kupitilira 2, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena ngakhale 3 km (kuya kwambiri kuposa mpweya wina uliwonse wopumira). Kufufuza nkhono zodziwika bwino kunawonetsa kuti, umuna umodzi umakhala utadumphira nthawi 74 mkati mwa maola 62, pomwe chizindikiro chimalumikizidwa ndi thupi lake. Kukoka kwina kulikonse kwa sperm whale kumatenga mphindi 30-45, chinsomba chimamira mpaka pakuya mamita 400 mpaka 1200. Thupi la chinsomba limasinthika bwino ndikuthira mumisoti yotere chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zautomical. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mwakuya sikuvulaza chinsomba, chifukwa thupi lake limapangidwa ndi mafuta ndi zakumwa zina zomwe siziponderezedwa ndi kukakamizidwa. Zingwe zopepuka za kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi theka la nyama zapamtunda, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni sikungadziunjike mthupi la chinsomba, chomwe chimachitika ndi zolengedwa zina zonse ndikalowetsa pansi kwambiri. Matenda a decompression omwe amapezeka mabulosi a nayitrogeni amalowa m'magazi pomwe amatuluka samachitika mgulu la umuna, chifukwa umuna wamwazi wamwazi umatha kuthana ndi nayitrogeni, umaletsa gasi iyi kupanga mabulogalamu ang'onoang'ono. Pakakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa madzi, chinsomba umumi umadya mpweya wowonjezera, womwe umasungidwa muchikwama cha mpweya chowuma chopangidwa ndi gawo lammphuno lakhungu. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wambiri umapezekanso mu sperm whale umasungidwa mu minofu, momwe umuna umakhala ndi myoglobin 89 kuposa nyama zapadziko lapansi. M'misempha, chinsomba chimasunga mpweya wambiri wa 41%, pomwe m'mapapu, 9% yokha. Kuphatikiza apo, kagayidwe kake ka umuna pa nthawi yakuzama kumayenda pang'ono, kutsika kwake kumatsika mpaka kumagunda 10 pamphindi. Momwe magazi amayendera amagawidwanso kwambiri - amasiya kulowa m'matumbo a ziwalo zotumphukira zathupi (zipsepse, khungu, mchira) ndikudyetsa makamaka ubongo ndi mtima, minyewa imayamba kubisungira mpweya wobisika m'magawo am'magazi, ndipo mpweya womwe umapezeka m'mafuta umaderanso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa magazi mu chinsomba cha umuna ndikokulirapo kuposa nyama zapakhomo. Zochitika zonsezi zimapatsa mwayi kuti umuna ukhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka ola limodzi ndi theka.

Zizindikiro zomveka

Sperm whale mwachangu (monga ma whale ena ofumbwa) amagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency ambiri komanso akupanga mawu kuti apeze nyama yoyenda ndi yotsogola. Yotsirizirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa chinsomba chimapinda ndikuzama komwe kuyatsa kulibe. Pali malingaliro oti chinsomba cha sperm chimagwiritsa ntchito echolocation osati kungofunafuna nyama komanso mawonekedwe, komanso chida. Mwinanso, ma akupanga amphamvu omwe amapangidwa ndi chinsomba amapangitsa ngakhale ma cephalopod akuluakulu kukhala osokoneza ndikusokoneza mgwirizano wawo, zomwe zimathandizira kugwidwa. Anangumi omwe amaphira pafupifupi amatulutsa pafupipafupi mafayilo amtundu wa akupanga, omwe, mwachidziwikire, amawongolera kutsogolo mothandizidwa ndi chikwama cha spermacet, chomwe chimagwira ngati mandala, komanso msampha ndi wozungulira wazizindikiro zowonetsedwa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti sperm whales mumagulu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa "zinenedwe" mu "chilankhulo" cha mauna owonda.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Sperm whale, monga ziboda zonse zokhala ndi mano, ndi cholusa. Pazakudya zake ndi cephalopods ndi nsomba, zomwe zinali zopambana kwambiri, zomwe zimapanga 95% mwa kulemera kwa umuna umakhala ndi chakudya (nsomba - zosakwana 5%). Mwa cephalopods, squid ndizofunikira kwambiri, ma octopus amapanga zosaposa 4% za chakudya chomwe amadya. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya squid yokha, mpaka 80% ya ma cephalopod omwe adadyako, omwe ali ndi chakudya chokha cha sperm whale, ndipo mitundu itatu yokha ndi 60% ya kuchuluka kumeneku. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za chakudya ndi squid wamba (Loligo vulgaris), malo ofunika kwambiri pakudya kwa sperm whale momwemo amakhala ndi zimphona zazikulu, zomwe kukula kwake kumafikira 10, ndipo nthawi zina 17. Pafupifupi kupanga konse kwa sperm whale sikufika mpaka pansi pa 500 m, ndipo mitundu ina ya cephalopods ndi mitundu nsomba zimakhala pakuya kwa 1000 m ndi pansi. Chifukwa chake, chinsomba chimagwira nyama yake mozama osachepera 300-400 m, pomwe ilibe mpikisano wakudya. Winsomba wakale umayenera kudya pafupifupi toni ya cephalopods kuti ukhale wathanzi.

Winsomba imatumiza nyama pakamwa pake, ikuyamwa mothandizidwa ndi mayendedwe a lilime. Samatafuna, koma am'meza yonse, amatha kumang'amba mbali zingapo. Ma squid ang'onoang'ono amalowa m'mimba ya sperm whale momasuka, chifukwa chake ndioyenera kuti azisonkhanitsa. Magulu akulu ndi ma octopus amakhalabe amoyo m'mimba kwakanthawi - makapu awo oyamwa amapezeka mkati mwa m'mimba mwa chinsomba.

Khalidwe pamagulu

Sperm whale - ziweto zazikazi, amuna okalamba okha ndi omwe amapezeka okha. Mukamadyetsa, amatha kukhala m'magulu olinganizidwa bwino a anthu khumi ndi asanu, poyendetsa magulu awiri mokhazikika ndikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu. Kusaka kophatikiza kotereku kumatha kuchitidwa mozama mpaka 1,500 m.Malo okhala malo okhala chilimwe, abambo aamuna oweta, kutengera zaka ndi kukula, nthawi zambiri amakhala magulu amtundu wina, wotchedwa bachelor hers, omwe aliwonse kukula kwa nyama kuli kofanana. Sperm whales ndi mitala, ndipo nthawi yakubala, abambo amapanga nsonga zaimuna - zazimuna 10-15 zimasungidwa pafupi ndi wamphongo mmodzi. Zobadwa mu sperm whales zimatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, akazi ambiri amabereka mu Julayi-Seputembara. Pambuyo pa kubadwa, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba. Pakukhwima, amuna amakhala olimba mtima. Zingwe zomwe sizimagwira nawo ntchito yoswana nthawi zonse, ndipo abambo opanga ana aakazi nthawi zambiri amamenyana, kudzipukutira mitu yawo ndikumavulaza wina ndi mano awo, nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ngakhale kuswa nsagwada.

Kuswana

Mimba imakhalapo sperm whale kuyambira miyezi 15 mpaka 18, ndipo nthawi zina zochulukirapo. Mwana amabadwa yekha, wamtali wa 3-4 m ndipo wolemera pafupifupi tani. Amatha kutsatira amayi ake, amakhala pafupi ndi iye, monga ma cetaceans onse (izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nkosavuta kwa mwana kusambira mumadzi oyenda kuzungulira thupi la amayi ake, komwe amakumana ndi zovuta zochepa). Kutalika kwa mkaka sikudakhazikike bwino. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, amachokera pa miyezi 6 mpaka 6 mpaka 12 mpaka 13, ndipo malinga ndi magwero ena mpaka zaka ziwiri, kuposerapo, pa zaka chimodzi chimodzi chinsomba umuna umatha kufika pa 6 m, ndipo pazaka zitatu - 8 m. munthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi malita 45 mkaka. Amuna amakhala okhwima pazaka 7 mpaka 13, pomwe zazikazi zimayamba kubereka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Akazi amabereka pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Akazi, omwe zaka zawo zidaposa zaka 40, sachita nawo ntchito yobereketsa.

Sperm whale ndi mamuna

Mu chilengedwe pa sperm whale kulibe adani, kupha nkhanu zakupha zokha nthawi zina kumatha kuukira zazikazi ndi nyama zazing'ono. Koma anthu akhala akusaka mbuna kwa zakale - m'mbuyomu nsomba imeneyi inali yofunika kwambiri kuyimba. Zogulitsa zake zazikulu zinali blubber, spermaceti ndi ambergris. Kusaka chinsomba cha umuna kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chodziwika, chifukwa chovulazidwa, zibowo izi zimakhala zowopsa. Anzanu okwiya amapha ana am'madzi ambiri ndipo ngakhale kumira kosalala. Panthawi yamakampani a sperm whale, blubber idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta, makamaka kwa injini zoyambirira, komanso kuyatsa. (M'tsogolomu, kufalikira kwa zinthu zamafuta komanso kutsika kwa chidwi cha ukazitape wa sperm kukhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepera kwa fleets flealing.) Mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900, sperm whale blubber inapezanso magawo ena monga mafuta opangira zida zoyenera, komanso chida chofunikira pakupanga zida zamnyumba ndi mafakitale. Spermaceti - sera kuchokera kumutu wa chinsomba, umunthu wowoneka bwino, wamafuta, ukulembetsa minofu ya "spermaceti sac". Mlengalenga, spermaceti imalira mofulumira, ndikupanga ufa wofewa, wachikasu. M'mbuyomu, idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira, milomo, ndi zina zambiri.Mpaka ma 1970s, spermaceti idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta opangira zinthu molondola, onunkhira, komanso ntchito zamankhwala, makamaka pakukonzekera mafuta odana ndi kutentha. Ambergris ndi chinthu cholimba, chokhala ngati sera cha imvi, chomwe chimapangidwa m'migawo ya zigawo za umuna, zomwe zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Ambergris kuyambira nthawi yakale mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20 anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofukizira komanso monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zonunkhira. Tsopano zatsimikizika kuti ambergris imasungidwa chifukwa cha kupweteketsa kwa mucosal komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha milomo yoyipa ya squid yomwe imamezedwa ndi sperm whale, mulimonsemo, pazidutswa za ambergris mungathe kupeza milomo yambiri yosagwirizana ndi cephalopod. Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi sanathe kudziwa ngati ambergris ndiyopangidwa ndi moyo wabwinobwino kapena chifukwa cha matenda, komabe, ndikofunikira kuti ambergris imangopezeka m'matumbo a amuna okhaokha.

Chifukwa cha nyama yolusa, yomwe inatha kokha m'ma 1980s, kuchuluka kwa sperm whales kunachepetsedwa kwambiri. Tsopano akuchira pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale izi zikulepheretsedwe ndi zinthu za anthropogenic (kuwonongeka kwa nyanja, kuwedza mozama, ndi zina).

Habitat

Ma sperm whales ali ndi malo okhala kwambiri. Amapezeka kumpoto komanso kum'mwera kwa hemispheres. Malo okha omwe siali kumpoto kwenikweni ndi kumwera.

Mochulukirapo, amapezeka komwe kuli chakudya. Amakhala ndi malo omwe amakonda ndi malo osakira, kumene chinsomba chimapanga ng'ombe zazikulu zambirimbiri, ndipo nthawi zina chikwi chimodzi.

Sperm whales pachaka sasintha kwambiri nyengo. Sangosintha kuchoka ku gawo lina kupita ku lina. Zimphona izi zimakonda kukhala komwe kukuya kupitirira 200 metres, ndichifukwa chake samakonda kuyandikira m'mphepete.

Sperm whale malo okhala

Zomwe umuna umakhala nawo

Ma sperm whales ali ndi kapangidwe kapadera kamene sikapezeka mwa nyama ina iliyonse - chikwama cha umuna kapena choko chamafuta. Ili pamutu wa sperm whale ndipo imakhala ambiri mwa iyo.

Kulemera kwa spermaceti (mafuta ofanana ndi mafuta owonekera) kumatha kufika matani 11. Mdziko lapansi, limalemekezedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera ochiritsa. Koma chifukwa chiyani umuna ndi whale chida ichi? Malinga ndi mtundu wina, spermaceti sac ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale kusintha kwa mawu, malinga ndi ina - ndi mtundu wa chikhodzodzo chothandizira ndipo chimathandizira chinsomba mukamadumphira ndikuchotsa kuchokera pansi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi kupita kumutu, chifukwa choti kutentha kwa chikwamachi kumakulirakulira ndipo spermaceti imasungunuka. Kuchulukana kwake kumachepa, ndipo chinsombacho chimatha kuyandama pansi. Mukamayenda, chilichonse chimachitika mosiyana.

Moyo

Sperm whales imagwirizanitsa magulu ambiri. Ndipo ngati mungathe kukumana ndi ubweya wokha, ndiye kuti ndi wachikale. Pali zitsamba zokhazokha, zazimuna zokha.

Ma sperm whales ndi nyama zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, kuthamanga kwawo kosambira sikawirikawiri kupitirira 10 km / h, koma pakufunafuna nyama zimatha "kukhala ndi moyo" ndipo zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h.

Sperm whales amakhala moyo wawo wonse kufunafuna chakudya, motero amayenera kupita pansi kuzama komwe akuchokera komwe amakonda zakudya, cephalopods, komwe amakhala. Kuzama kwa kabambidwe kotereku kumatha kuchoka pa 400 mpaka 1200 metres. Izi zimatenga umuna wa umuna kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka 45. Chifukwa chake, musanalowe mkati mozama, anamgumi amatha nthawi yokwanira kumtunda kuti apume ndikusunga okosijeni, yomwe imapangidwira osati m'mapapu, komanso minofu.

Mukamizidwa, kugunda kwake kumatsika mpaka kumamenya 10 pamphindi, ndipo magazi amayamba kuwongolera, makamaka ku ubongo ndi mtima. Ndipo okosijeni amabwera m'mapake, khungu ndi mchira chifukwa minofu imayamba kubisungira mpweya wobisika m'magazi oyenda.

Kalulu

Nyama zazikazi zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala zikuluzikulu ndizomwe zimapezekanso kwambiri. Kutalika kwamunthu wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 20 m, kulemera - matani 50, zazikazi ndizocheperako - 15 m ndi 20 matani. Chifukwa cha kukula kosadabwitsa kotere, adani achilengedwe a sperm whale ndimangumi opha okha omwe amazunza nyama zazing'ono. Koma kuyambira nthawi zakale, nangumi zam'madzi zakhala zikusakazidwa ndi anthu, spermaceti ndi ambergris adazipeza. Pazifukwa izi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kunayamba kuchepa kwambiri ndipo pokhapokha zoletsedwa kusaka nyama ndizotheka kubwezeretsa pang'ono.

Kufotokozera kwa chinsomba cha umuna

Sperm whale ndi chinsomba chachikulu chomwe chakhala chikukula pamoyo wawo wonse. Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi 8-10 m, kulemera kumafika matani 40-50. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala theka kutalika, 15 m kutalika ndi kulemera matani 15.

The sperm whale imadziwika ndi mutu waukulu kwambiri komanso wamkulu wamapangidwe amakono. Muli ndi spermaceti sac, yolemera matani 6-11. Pa nsagwada ya m'munsi pali awiriawiri awiri a mano akulu, omwe ali ndi pafupifupi 1 kg. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba, mano nthawi zambiri amasowa. Maso ndi akulu.

Pambuyo pamutu, thupi la chinsomba limamera ndipo limakhala lozungulira pang'onopang'ono. Kumbuyo kuli chifuno chimodzi, chofanana ndi chamtambo chotsika. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizifupi komanso zazikulu.

Khungu la sperm whale limakutidwa ndi makwinya ndi makutu, lakuda, lomwe limapangidwa ndi mafuta (mpaka 50 cm). Imapaka utoto wakuda ndi utoto wabuluu, nthawi zina imakhala yotuwa, yofiirira kapena pafupifupi yakuda. Kumbuyo ndikuda kuposa m'mimba.

Ma sperm whales amatha kupanga mitundu itatu ya mawu - kubuula, kuwonekera ndikusewera. Mawu a nyama zam'madzi ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri mwa nyama zamtchire.

Muli ndi umuna wopatsa thanzi

Malinga ndi njira yodyetsera, sperm whale ndi nyama yomwe imadyetsa ndipo imadyetsa makamaka cephalopods, komanso nsomba. Mwa cephalopods, chinsomba chimakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, mwanjira zochepa zomwe zimadya ma octopus.

Winsomba umagwira chakudya chake mozama 300-400 m, pomwe tsiku lililonse limafunikira pafupifupi peulu la cephalopods. Nyama imayamwa nyama mothandizidwa ndi lilime lathunthu, osafuna kutafuna, kokha kuti ikuphwanya.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma cephalopods akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala amagulu am'muna, mwachitsanzo, squid zazikulu zazitali kuposa 10 m ndi octopus wamkulu.

Sperm whale ikufalikira

Malo okhala sperm whale ndi amodzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zonse, kupatula malo ozizira kwambiri ndi akum'mwera kwambiri, ndipo imakonda madzi ofunda, otentha. Mahava amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi gombe, mozama kupitirira 200 m, komwe ma cephalopod ambiri ambiri amapezeka - ndiwo maziko azakudya zawo. Kusunthika kwakanthawi kumafotokozedwa, makamaka mwa amuna.

Mitundu Ya Sperm Whale

Kwa sperm whale, monga mtundu wokhawo, mitundu iwiri yamitundu iwiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala: Phala yam'madzi ya kumpoto (Physeter catodon catodon) ndi sperm whale (Physeter catodon australis). Anzeru akum'mawa ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa am'mwera.

Umuna wa amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kugonana kwa dimorphism mu sperm whale kumawonekera bwino poti akazi ndi theka kuposa amuna. Poganizira kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama yam'madzi, kusiyana kumeneku kukuchitika: kutalika kwakutali kwa amuna ndi 20 m, kwa akazi 15 m, kulemera kokwanira 50 ndi matani 15, motsatana.

Sperm whale whale

Sperm whale ndi nyama yazitsamba. Amuna achikulire okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi moyo nthawi imodzi. Mwambiri, amakonda kupangika magulu a nyama zofanana, zomwe ndizosavuta kusaka limodzi.

Mukamayendetsa chakudya, chinsomba umumi umasambira pang'onopang'ono: mpaka 10 km / h, kuthamanga kwake ndi 37 km / h. Pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi chinsomba chimapita kukafunafuna chakudya, chimayenda pansi kwambiri, kenako chimapumula pamadzi. Chinsomba cha ukala chosangalatsa chimatha kudumphira m'madzi kwathunthu ndikugwa, ndikugunda madzi ndi mchira wake. Chinsomba chimatha kuimirira m'madzi, mutu wake utatuluka. Maola ochepa patsiku, umuna umapuma - umagona, osagwedezeka mozungulira pafupi ndi madzi.

Nthawi yayitali yomwe moyo umakhala ndi sperm whale sichinakhazikitsidwe molondola, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zaka 40 mpaka 80.

Adani achilengedwe a sperm whale

Ng'ombe ndi zazikazi zazimuna zimagwidwa ndi chinsomba cha wakupha, zomwe zimatha kuwang'amba kapena kupangitsa mabala akulu. Koma za umuna wamphamvu wamphongo, palibe aliyense wokhala m'madzi amene angagonjetse chimphona chija cham'madzi.

Imfa yachilengedwe ya sperm whales imalumikizidwa ndi myocardial infarction, atherosulinosis, zilonda zam'mimba, chiwopsezo cha helminthic, necrosis yamfupa. Crustaceans ndi kumamatira nsomba, zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi ndi mano, sizimayambitsa vuto la umuna.

Choopseza chachikulu kwa sperm whale chinali munthu. Mpaka pakati pa zaka zapitazi, whaling adatchuka kwambiri - mu 50-60s, nyama pafupifupi 30,000 zimaphedwa chaka chilichonse. Izi zidapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa ubwamuna, pambuyo pake nyamazo zidatetezedwa ndikuzilola kuti zizipeza zochepa.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za sperm whale:

Kutchuka kwakuula kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi kukufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yoti mauna owala anali gwero lofunika lazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mafuta ndi mafuta owuma omwe anakhazikitsidwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta, mwachitsanzo, pamawu oyambira amagetsi, komanso amayatsa. Pokhapokha kufalitsa kofunikira kwambiri kwa mafuta opangira mafuta obetchera kuchepa. Koma m'zaka za zana la 20, mafuta osokoneza bongo adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta othandizira zida zopangira bwino komanso kupanga mankhwala apakhomo ndi mafakitale. Matani 12 mpaka 13 a blubber anapezeka kuchokera kwa sperm whale.
• Spermaceti ndi mafuta ochulukirapo kuchokera kumutu wa sperm whale, madzi omwe amasintha kukhala ofewa achikasu achikasu mumlengalenga. Spermaceti idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira, milomo, zowonjezera, monga mafuta, mafuta onunkhira. Ili ndi spermaceti yodziwika bwino yochiritsa katundu.
• Ambergris ndi chinthu chokhazikika cha imvi, chofanana ndi sera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofukiza komanso popanga zonunkhira. Mutha kuzipeza zokha m'matumbo a chinsomba cha amuna. Ndipo popanda phokoso sipezeka kawirikawiri, kutsukidwa kuchokera kunyanja.
• Mano ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chodzikongoletsera, pamodzi ndi maulusi onyamula ndi ma walrus fangs. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafupa, zodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.
• Nyama yokha yotchedwa sperm whale, chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu losasangalatsa, sinagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu. Dothi lake linali limodzi ndi mafupa kukhala nyama ndi mafupa, omwe anali chakudya cha agalu ndi nyama zina.
• M'zaka za zana la 20, kukonzekera kwa mahomoni pakugwiritsira ntchito kuchipatala kunayamba kupanga kuchokera ku ziwalo zamkati za sperm whales (pancreas, pituitary gland).