Chimodzi mwa mbalame zofala kwambiri ndi sandpiper. Ku Russia kokha kuli mitundu pafupifupi 75. M'mawonekedwe, mbalamezi zimakhala ngati nkhunda, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amawaona ngati Charadriiformes. Tiona mitundu yam'madzi yomwe imapezeka kwambiri.
Sparrow Sandpiper
Uwu ndi woyimira pang'ono kwambiri pamadzi am'madzi. Kuchuluka kwake sikuposa magalamu 27. Ili ndi mlomo wachidule wowongoka. Imakhala ndi zazitali (mpaka 10 cm), koma mapiko oonda, zala zazifupi, miyendo yotalika. Zowonjezera zambiri za chifuwa, mbiya, tsekwe, khosi, khosi ndi masaya zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Nthenga zimakhalanso ndi timitengo ta bulauni. Pansi pa mbalameyo ndi zoyera. Mapiko akuuluka ndi otuwa. Nthenga zing'onozing'ono pamapiko zimakhala ndi maziko owala komanso malekezero akuda. Sandpiper (chithunzi pansipa) amasintha mtundu nthawi yozizira. Chovala chofiirira chakumaso chimawonekera kumbuyo, pansi chimakhalabe chopepuka, ndipo chovala chowoneka ngati chovala bwino chimawoneka pafupi ndi chotungira.
Sangweji yaying'onoyo ndi mbalame ya tundra. Amakhala m'magawo kuyambira ku nkhalango zaku Norway kufikira kumapiri a Lena. Itha kukumana pazilumba zina za Arctic Ocean. Nthawi zina mbalame imakhala m'nkhalango-tundra. Sandpiper ndi mbalame yosamukira ndipo imapita ku Africa, South Asia kukazizira komanso kuyenda njira yonse kukafika ku Tasmania. Oyimira ena amatha kuwoneka kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.
Mating ndi ana a sandpiper
Kubwerera kumalo awo, mbalamezi zakonzekera Tokov. Panthawi imeneyi, mbalame yamchenga ikamauluka imakweza mapiko ake, ndikuiyimilira. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi kamvekedwe kamene kamapezeka ndi ziwala. Malo a chisa nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa pansi pa chitsamba. Mpheta yozungulira imabowola dzenje ndi udzu wa chaka chatha ndipo imaphwanya pang'ono. Mingwe ingakhale masamba a msondodzi.
Nthawi zambiri mazira anayi amakhala mukuyika kwa sandpiper, amakhala otuwa. Koma nthawi zambiri mitundu yawo imatha kusiyanasiyana. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mazira, monga lamulo, kumachitika kumapeto kwa June, ndipo pakati kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi wotsatira mapoti akuwonekera. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, anapiye atha kukhala kwathunthu ndi maula, koma nthawi yomweyo sangathe kuwuluka. Koma asanadutse, ma sandpout a mabanja osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi nthawi yolumikizana pagulu lawo. "Mamembala" ake amawuluka, ndipo gulu lomwe langokhazikitsidwa kumene limayamba kuyendayenda ku tundra, kukonzekera kuthawira ku dzinja. Nthawi zambiri zimagwa pakati pa Ogasiti ndipo zimatha mpaka masiku otsiriza a Seputembala.
Khalidwe ndi zakudya za sandpiper
Monga mitundu ina yonse yamadzi (nthawi zina pamakhala zosakhalapo), woimira mtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe omasuka. Mbalame zimayenda bwino komanso modekha osakangana. Amadyanso mwakachetechete ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Nthawi zina, amatha kulankhulana mwakachetechete akamadya. Poona munthu, amapitilizabe kukhala odekha.
Maziko a chakudya ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zina mbalame zimatha kugwira ma crustaceans ndi maollusks. Komanso nyanjazi zimakonda nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala m'madzi.
Magpie Waders
Mbalame yokhala ndi mbewa iyi ili ndi miyendo yolimba komanso mlomo wamtali wolunjika. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwamtambo ndi kwakuda ndi koyera, koma mbalame zina zimakhala ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira pamitundu yambiri. Pali oyimilira anayi mu subfamily iyi, omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala amtundu umodzi. Koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala magpie wamba. Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndikofanana ndi nkhunda. Iye, ngati nthumwi zina zamtunduwu, ali ndi mulomo wolimba kwambiri. Mwa anthu ena, iye sanakule bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mulomo umakanikizidwa pambuyo pake. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayo zomwe zimakhala kumpoto, mulomo umafupikitsidwa pang'ono. "Amphaka" opangidwa kale omwe ali ndi khosi lakuda, mutu, gawo la kumbuyo, gawo lamapiko komanso kumapeto kwa mchira. Nthenga zina zimakhala zoyera.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi malo ocheperako pansi pa maso awo. Mbalame zakumpoto zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zakumwera mwakuchulukitsa kwamtambo wakuda pamapiko awo. Koma mbalame zina za agpie, kutengera malo omwe zimakhala, zimatha kukhala zakuda kwambiri. Sandpipers yaku Russia imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 500. Mapiko awo amafika kutalika kwa 26 cm.
Kufalitsa
"Magpies" ndiofala mozungulira mitsinje ya Eastern Europe, koma kokha pafupi ndi omwe amawongolera madzi kumwera. Amapezekanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Zoyera ndi Zoyala. Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Central Asia ndi Western Siberia. Anthu okhala ku Kamchatka amadziwanso bwino ndi mbalameyi. Malo awo okhala sakhala ku Russia kokha. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za ku Europe (Kumpoto ndi West), America, Australia, Africa, New Zealand, Tasmania. M'madera athu, mbalamezi zimakhala zosamukira ndipo zimapita ku Asia kapena Africa nyengo yachisanu.
Nesting 40
Amabwereranso kwawo nthawi zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi chiyambi cha malo awo. "Anzanu" a Chigawo cha Moscow afika mu Epulo, ndipo mu Kandalaksha Bay mbalame zotere zimayandikira May. Mbalame zomwe zimabwezedwa kuchokera nthawi yachisanu zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, ndipo zoledzeretsa zimayamba. Panthawi imeneyi, akuuluka mokweza mawu, akumakoka mlomo wawo m'mavuto. Njira yawo ili pamzere wowongoka. Atafika pamalo ena, amabwerera. “Okwatirana” khumi ndi awiri angathe kutenga nawo gawo pa kuthawa. Gululi la mbalame za m'madzi limagawika pang'onopang'ono m'magulu awiriwiri, omwe amawachotsera kumalo awo okhalamo. Zitha kudziwika kuti masewera awa amasewera ndi mbalame zaka zopitilira zaka zitatu, ndi mu nthawi imeneyi kuti amakula. Kufupi ndi Nyanja ya Barents, kusefukira uku kumachitika mu June.
Mbalame za Magpie zimapanga zisa zawo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe pamakhala matope osanjikiza, nthawi zambiri amakhala ma bays ndi ma bays. Gombe limatha kukhala mchenga, miyala, mwala, chipolopolo. Ngati mbalamezi zimakhala mkati mwenimweni mwa nyanja, zimasankhabe m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mitsinje. Chapakati pake, zidadziwika koposa kuti kamodzi m'madzi okhala m'minda momwe mulibe posachedwa.
Maanja ali ndi malo awo okhala pafupi, omwe amawasungira. Koma, ngakhale izi zili choncho, onse angathe kukhala limodzi ndi abale awo. Sandpiper - mbalame, yodziwika ndi mtundu wakale wa chisa. Chifukwa chake, "amatsenga" amapanga dzenje pobisika ndipo amakudzaza. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira atatu, koma nthawi zina 4 kapena 2. Mazira ake ndi okulirapo masentimita 5-6. Amakhala owoneka bwino ndipo ali ndi mizere yofiirira. Onse makolo amatanganidwa ndi makulitsidwe, ndipo zimamuyendera bwino nthawi zambiri. Kubwatchera kumatenga masiku 28.
Patsiku lochotsera, matumba pang'ono amatuluka chisa, koma osati patali, kotero kuti pali mwayi wakuyandikira makolo. Mbalame zimafunikira kusamalira ana awo. Nthawi zina amanyamula chakudya kuchokera kutali motero amatha kuchedwa kudya, kenako ana amafa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya. Nthochi kwa nthawi yayitali sizitha kudzidyetsa. Chifukwa chake, makolo amakhala ndi masabata atatu kuti azidandaula za ana anjala.
Asayansi atsimikizira kuti sandpiper (chithunzi chomwe chafunsidwa pamwambapa) chimaphatikizidwa ndi malo odyerawo, ndipo pobwera kuchokera nthawi yachisanu, chimatenga malo omwe anali kale.
Wader amadyetsa makumi anayi
Zakudya za mbalamezi ndizosiyanasiyana. Amatha kugwira ozunzidwa awo pamtunda, osaya madzi ndikukumba m'manda. Chifukwa chake, mumakina amatsenga pali crustaceans, mollusks, polychaetes, mbozi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kugwira tinsomba. Kuti agawe chigoba, amagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wolimba. Zigoba zazing'ono za nkhuku zimatha kunyamulidwa m'miyala ndikuyika mu ming'alu kuti izitha kutsegulira nyama. Ngati nyama ili pansi pa mwala, mbalameyo imauwononga kapena kuyika mtanda wake pansi pake. Okhala kudera la Orenburg amalankhula kuti atathirira m'minda, akhungu amtambo nthawi zambiri amauluka ndikuthana ndi ma waya.
Kufotokozera kwa sandpiper wakuda wa magpie
Oyimira dongosololi amasiyana ndi anthu wamba oyambira kukula kukula -kukulira makumi anayi. Pogwiritsa ntchito kulemera, amatha kufikira g 700. Zowonjezera zawo ndi zakuda. Mithunzi yoyera ndi yopepuka ilibe kwathunthu. Pali ma toni akuda ma utoto, nthawi zambiri kumbuyo, pansi ndi gawo la mapiko. Kutalika kwa mulomo kumayambira 6.5 mpaka 8.5 cm. Komanso chochititsa chidwi ndi mphete kuzungulira maso ofiira. Miyendo yolimba ndi pinki yofewa. Yaikazi imasiyana ndi yamphongo yokhala ndi mulomo wawutali komanso thupi lowonda.
Magpie wakuda magpie amangopezeka ku North America (gombe lakumadzulo). Kum'mwera, mbalame izi zimakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Pafupifupi nyengo yachisanu, mbalame za kumpoto zimawulukira kuno. Amakhala m'malo amiyala yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo amapewa malo okhala ndi udzu wolimba.
Fosholo
Mitundu yam'madzi yamtunduwu imasiyana kwambiri ndi abale, popeza imakhala ndi mtundu wina wapadera. Mapeto ake ali ndi kukulira kofanana ndi spatula. Mtunduwu ndiwosavuta makamaka. Chifukwa chake, podyetsa, amafotokozera mutu wake mosavomerezeka ndipo panthawiyi amathamangira m'madzi, ndikuthamanga pamimba. Amatha kutembenukira kumbali ina, ndikusiya "spatula" yake m'madzi. Kutalika kwa mapiko kuli pafupifupi 10 cm.
Kugawaniza mafosholo ndizochepa. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Chukchi, kuyambira Cape Vankarem mpaka Anadyr Bay. Kukazizira nyengo yachisanu, sandpiper iyi imapita ku Southeast Asia. Nthawi zina, ndege zikauluka, mbalamezi zimagwirizananso ndi mitundu ina yaing'ono. Ngakhale fosholo imakhala ndi mulomo wosazolowereka, umaoneka wosasunthika komanso wosasangalatsa, kotero poyang'ana koyamba imatha kusokonezedwa ndi sandpiper wamba. Mtunduwu siwambiri ndipo sufuna kufalitsa madera ambiri, motero uli pamndandanda wa Red Book of Russia.
Sandpiper Sandpiper
Mtundu wa mbalame zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi nsana wakuda ndi nthenga zofiira. Misomali yakuda. Chifuwa ndi tsekwe zimakhala zofiirira komanso zowala. Amphongo amalemera pafupifupi 100 g, zazikazi - mpaka 72 g. Kutalika kwamapiko - pafupifupi masentimita 13. Mbalame imakonda kukhazikika ku tundra ku Canada ndi Alaska. Itha kukhalanso ku Siberia tundra (kumpoto), kuchokera ku Chukchi Peninsula kupita ku East Taimyr. Posachedwa, zidadziwika kuti ma tasksh adawulukira ku Europe, kotero akatswiri a zamankhwala samataya chiyembekezo kuti ana akhazikika posachedwa.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Siberia zimapita ku Alaska kugwa, komwe zimatembenukira kumwera. Amakhala nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha - South America, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile.
Kubwerera kumayiko awo, mbalame zimayamba masewera a mating. Mwa zina zonse zokhala ndi chidwi, ndi nsonga yamchenga. Mbalameyo imayamba kukwera kutalika pang'ono ndipo, itadzilimbitsa khosi lake, imveka ngati ikuwomba. Komanso, yamphongo imatha kupanga chithokomiro pakuthamanga ndi khosi lotupa pafupi ndi chachikazi. Ndi zizolowezi zina, akuwoneka ngati wakwati wakuda panthawi yapano. Awiriwo atakhazikitsa, njirayo imadzitchinjiriza, ndipo yamphongo imasamukira kwina.
Phale
Mbalamezi ndi zofiirira ndipo zili ndi mlomo wolunjika komanso wotsika. Koma chinthu chachikulu chomwe oimirawa ali nacho chodabwitsa ndichoti ndiwokukulu kwambiri pamadzi. Wamphongo amathera masewera a mating pafupi ndi osankhidwa ake. Pansi, adakweza mapiko ake, ndikuwongolera mulomo wake m'mwamba, natambalitsa mchira wake ndikuukulunga. Awiriwo omwe amakhalapo amakhala owona kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Malo achisa amasankhidwa ndi amphongo. Iye, agwiritsitsa pansi, apanga bowo ndi mapazi ake. Pafupifupi dzenje loyamba, amakoka enanso angapo. Yaikazi imasankha imodzi yomwe iye amakonda, ndipo mbalame zam'madzi zimamtsata ndi udzu. Apa, chachikazi chimayala imodzi, koma dzira lalikulu la maolivi okhala ndi maonekedwe a bulauni. Atakhala masiku angapo, amabweretsa dzira lotsatira, ndikubwezanso zomangirazo ndi lachitatu ndi lachinayi. Iye ndi iye akutenga nawo gawo makulidwe. Mwana wankhuku woyamba asanawonekere, ayenera kudutsa masiku 26 mpaka 28. Makolo onse akuonanso ana. Tsitsi lidzakhala lokonzeka kuuluka lofika zaka zopitilira mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pa izi, mabanja angapo okhala ndi ana amalumikizana pagulu limodzi ndikuyamba kuyendayenda. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amapita ku South Asia kapena ku Africa. Kuchoka kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Ogasiti, koma anthu ena amatha kupitilira mwezi wa Seputembala. Nthawi zina ku Germany ndi England, madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi amasankha nthawi yomweyo nthawi yozizira.
Magulu asanu a ma curlews amakhala m'dziko lathu, ndipo alipo asanu ndi atatu.
Garnier
Ichi ndi nkhonya yaying'ono kwambiri. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 60 okha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, osaka ambiri samalola mwayi kuti amugwire, chifukwa nyama yake ndi yokoma kwambiri. Koma kwa akatswiri a ornithologist, kupanga zodziwikirazi ndizosangalatsa. Mutha kumva phokoso lomwe linapangidwa ndi zinyalala munthawi yabwino komanso kwamtambo. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosatheka kugwira kumene kuyimba kumachokera, chifukwa mchenga umayenda kwambiri ndipo umayenda mwamphamvu kwambiri. Phokoso la mbalame zomwe zikusewera masewerawa zikufanana ndi kupondaponda pansi choponderezedwa: "top-top-top".
Wader Waders
Mdziko lathuli, izi zokhala ndi minyewa ndizofala kwambiri, ndipo, mwina, ambiri adamuwona, akupita ku chilengedwe. Swamp sandpiper, mosiyana ndi achibale ake ambiri, ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri osaka, popeza nyama yake ndi yokoma komanso yosangalatsa.
Itha kudziwika ndi dzina lina - "godwit", "nettigel", ndipo nthawi zina imangotchedwa "nkhono". Kukula kwake, mbalame yokhala ndi mbewa iyi imafanana ndi njiwa, koma popeza mulomo wake, khosi ndi miyendo ndiyitali, mowoneka ngati yayikulu. Mtundu wa maula ndi wa chikasu. Zachikazi ndizazikulu kukula, zimakhala ndi nthenga zowala. Ngakhale amphongo ali ndi khosi kwambiri. Kuyambira nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimabwerera kumadambo pofika kumapeto kwa mvula. Chaka ndi chaka amakhalabe komwe amakhala, koma amatha kukakamizidwa kuti asinthe nyumba zawo pouma posungira. Potere, amatenga dambo lina, osatengera zofuna zake mopitirira. Makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana. Koma nthawi zina kusungidwa mopitirira muyeso kumawononga chisa ndi ana. Pofuna kuwopseza mbalame zina ndi zodya zina, zazimuna zimapereka malo ake kwa osaka. Tsoka ilo, kufunitsitsa kosasinthika kwa anthu kuti apange phindu kwadzetsa chifukwa chakuti mibadwo yonse yamadambo oyenda pansi yawonongedwa.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Sandpipers amadziwika kuti charadriiformes, akugwirizanitsa mabanja 6. Malinga ndi malo okhala, mbalame zimagawika m'magulu a nkhalango, marsh, phiri, mchenga. Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, madzi am'madzi ndi ogwirizana chifukwa cha zomwe akatswiri amapanga ndi ma ornithologists.
Mbalame zambiri ndizolumikizidwa ndi madzi, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, ndi dambo, ngakhale kuli nthumwi za chipululu pakati pamadzi - avdotki, m'nkhalango zamatchi - mitengo yamatchire.
Mu chithunzithunzi nkhono yamchenga
Kawonedwe kansanjidwe kamakhala ngati nkhunda pamiyendo italiitali yoyenda mumadzi osaya, osawoneka bwino. Palinso nthumwi zolemba zazifupi (malembedwe, osula).
Zala zitatu kumapazi, kukula kwa wachinayi ndi kofooka. Ngati mbalameyo ndi madzi, ndiye kuti malo ake ndi olumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Thupi limakhala lokwinya. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, osayang'ana konse. Mbalame zina zimawazungulira poyenda.
Sandpiper pachithunzi atha kukhala ovala zovala zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu waunyinji ndiwofatsa, wanzeru. Mitundu yoyera, yofiyira, yakuda, ndi imvi ikupambana. Palinso zosiyana - zowala mosiyanitsa ndi miyendo yachikasu, yofiira, mwachitsanzo, maula, maula, ma turukhtans. Zovala zamphongo zazimuna ndi zazikazi sizimasiyana. Sandpiper amasintha ma plumage kawiri pachaka.
Sandpiper - mbalame ya marsh. Mlomo wautali komanso wogwira mtima kwambiri umathandiza kuchotsa chakudya mu uvuni. Masomphenya abwino, kumva kumathandizira kuti mbalame zizichita usiku.
Njira yotulutsira chakudya imalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a belu - pansi, m'mwamba kapena mbali. Ma receptor ambiri amathandizira kupeza chakudya.Chida chachikulu chomwe mbalame imatha kusunthira mwalawo kuti apeze chimangirizo, cholemera chomwe sichiri chotsika ndi chake. Mapiko nthawi zambiri amakhala aatali komanso owonda.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwam'madzi osiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mbalamezi kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 15-62, kulemera kwake kungakhale kuchokera 200 g mpaka 1.3 kg. Nyama zonse zam'madzi ndizothamanga kwambiri, mbalame zambiri zimatha kusambira bwino. Kusinthidwa kwa mbalame m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo kunathandizira kuti malo ambiri azikhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kupatula ku Antarctica.
Adani akuluakulu am'madzi mwachilengedwe ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Kubwera kwa falcon kumayambitsa mantha omwe amadziwoneka ngati akufuula kwambiri ndikusambira. M'madzi osaya simatha kuthawirako madzi am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimasanduka khwangwala, akhwangwala, mimbulu, ndi nkhandwe za ku Arctic. Skuas amaba mazira pachisa.
M'mitundu ina ya nsapato, zazikazi zimakhala ndi zochuluka mosiyana ndi zazimuna
Akatswiri a zamankhwala amasiyanitsa 214 okhala m'mabanja 13. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira, ma Curlew-owonda, ndi nsomba za puffer ali m'gulu la mitundu yomwe ili pangozi.
Chifukwa chachikulu ndi moyo wa munthu: kukhetsa kwa osaya, madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kubala mbalame zaukapolo ndizovuta. Mitundu yodziwika yokha yomwe imadziwika ndi kukulitsa malo omwe amagawiridwira (osokonekera ndi ena).
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi, mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika kwambiri:
Mulunguwits. Mbalame zazikulu mosamala za mawonekedwe okongola. Miyendo yayitali, mulomo umakuthandizani kuti muzikhala olimba mtima pamafumbi omwe mumakhala matope, malo osambira, m'malo obiriwira. Mumakhala mwamtendere ndi mbalame zina. Kuuluka mokwanira, kuthamanga, kusambira. Chovala chowoneka bwino chimaphatikizapo maula akuda ndi oyera okhala ndi ma splashes ofiira.
Ma curlews. Mbalame zazitali zazikulu ndi mlomo wooneka ngati chikwakwa. Kufotokozera kwa Sandpiper ili ndi tsatanetsatane yemwe mbalame imazindikira mwadzidzidzi. Kutalika kwa mulomo kumafikira 140 mm. Mtunduwo ndi wa imvi, Mzere Woyera umakongoletsa mchira.
Ma curlews ndi mitundu yosaka, koma m'malo ena osiyanasiyana sangawombere. Amakhala m'madambo, madzi osefukira. Amasambira bwino. Kuuluka kwa mbalameyo ndi kwamphamvu, kuthamanga, komanso kotembenuka. Pakusamukira, mbalame zimawuluka, zomwe sizimakonda kukhala m'madzi.
Ma sandbox. Mitunda yabwino yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala m'malo a tundra. Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi mulomo wawung'ono, miyendo yakuda yochepa. Kukula kwake ndikokulirapo kuposa momwe nyenyezi ingakhalire, bwaloli ndilopindika. Maso ang'onoang'ono amapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Sungani zoweta. Kufanana kwa mpheta kumawonedwa mu mitundu ina: sandpiper-yoyera, sandpiper. Usiku, ma sandbox amagwira ntchito.
Snipe. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mlomo wautali kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kusakanikirana ndi abale ena a nkhuku. Amakonda madera okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu: m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mapiri, pama swamp. Osambira akulu, osiyanasiyana.
Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, koma amawuluka bwino. Pakagwa zoopsa, anapiye omwe amakhala mumtambo amapititsidwa kumalo ena.
Zuyki. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi mutu wochepa komanso mulomo wamfupi. Amathamanga pamiyendo yotsika ndi gawo lokakamiza. Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi mchira wautali, mapiko a masentimita 45. Nthenga zakuda, zoyera, zofiirira zofiirira zimapanga mtundu wa motley, womwe umasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: zam'madzi, zopyola mwala, zotupa.
Ulite. Anthu okhala m'mitunda yapakati amapaka utoto wamtundu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi loyera. Izi ndizapadera oyenda pansiyomwe imawerama paliponse. Mlomo wautali, miyendo yayitali komanso wamlingo wapakati ndiwachilengedwe m'misewu yonse. Anthu akuluakulu amapezeka, amalemera mpaka 400 g.
Zojambula. Zochepera pansi pamadzi zina zimakhala ndi madzi. Anthu okhala mu tundra kukula kwa nkhunda. Miyendo yayitali, mulomo wawung'ono, mtundu wakuda ndi imvi. Imakonda malo akuluakulu pomwe imasunthira ndi maulendo afupipafupi ndi ma boti.
Turukhtan. Mbalame yokhudzana ndi sandkin Imawoneka ndi mitundu yowala, yomwe siili yachilengedwe pamtundu wonsewo. Amuna mu nyengo yakukonzekera amakhala ndi zobiriwira, zobiriwira, zachikaso, zofiirira.
Kusiyana kwina kofunika ndi kakhalidwe kakusowa kwa mbalame. Ndewu, mongazu tizi, ndizofala pakati pamadzi oyambira. Makola amtundu wa fluffy, milomo ya rap, kuponya kwa mdani ndikuwopseza kwamapiko kukuwonetsa otchulidwa mbalame.
Zosokoneza sizimalepheretsa mpumulo wamtendere wotsatira mdani waposachedwa.
Moyo & Habitat
M'madera akumayiko onse kupatula ku Antarctica, mbalame zodabwitsa zimakhala. Awa ndi gulu la mbalame zosonkhana kwa anthu masauzande angapo. Ambiri oyenda pamadzi amakhala osasunthika, ngakhale oimirira nawonso amangokhala.
Za, Zomwe mbalame zimasamukira kapena ayi, amatero malo awo okhalamo ndi kuzizira. Kuchepetsa kutentha, kusowa kwa zakudya zomwe zimakonda kumapangitsa kuti mbalame zam'madzi zizichoka m'malo mwake. Pafupifupi onsewo amasamuka mtunda wautali kuchokera kumalo awo.
Popanda kuyima, madzi oyenda pamadzi amatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 11,000, kuwuluka mapiri, zipululu, ndi matupi amadzi. Anthu aku Siberia amawuluka nthawi yozizira ku Australia, akuuluka ku Alaska kupita kumwera kwa Argentina.
Pamaulendo osamukira, magulu am'madzi amapanga magulu akuluakulu am'mphepete mwa magawo. Kumeneko, mbalame zimapeza chakudya kuti zizipeza mphamvu zoyendayenda mtunda wautali.
Ku Russia, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi am'madzi imapezeka kulikonse. Ku Far East, nkhandwe zazing'ono, nkhuni, ndi zovala. Ku Primorye - malo okhalako a godwits, gombe la mitsinje yamapiri - malo obadwira a Ussuri zuiks.
Zoyenda sizimangouluka bwino, komanso zimathamanga pansi, kusambira, kulowa pansi. Ambiri Mitundu yam'madzi ikhoza kusinthidwa. Wogwira ntchito komanso ochezeka, ali muukapolo, mizu yabwino, zizolowere zakudya zosinthidwa.
Amasinthana ndi chilengedwe chatsopano, samawopa munthu, amamva ndikusamalira chisamaliro. Kuyesera kusunga nkhokwe zosowa zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kubereka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Sandpiper - Mbalame posungira. Chakudya cha mbalame chimakhala ndi nyama zam'madzi, zapadziko lapansi zopanda zinkhanira - izi ndi nyongolotsi, crustaceans, mollusks, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zolusa zimadya mbewa ndi achule, abuluzi; nthawi yotentha, dzombe limasanduka phwando la mbalame zokhala ndi utoto, zomwe zimamezedwa zochuluka.
Madzi am'madzi am'madzi amawombera ngakhale kuti agwiritse ntchito. Nyanja zina zimakhala zamasamba, malinga ndi njere, mbewu, ndi zipatso. Chithandizo chapadera ndi mabuliberiya.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nyengo yamatchi imayamba mu Epulo. Kukalamba kumachitika mokhazikika komanso m'magulu akulu. Mwambo wokopa wokondedwa umasiyanasiyana pamagulu osiyanasiyana am'madzi.
Mwachitsanzo, ma hop a panyanja amathamangira m'mlengalenga ndi ma trill, ndipo pansi amafalitsa mchira wawo ndi fanizi ndikuthamangitsa akazi. Mukuwongolera, kukopa chidwi kumawonetsedwa pakusintha kothawathawa. Ma curlews amauluka kwambiri mozungulira ndipo amayimba nyimbo.
Maubwenzi a Sandpiper ndi osiyanasiyana, akuwonekera mwanjira zotsatirazi:
- monogamy - kulumikizana ndi nyengoyi, kumalumikizana pamodzi ndikusamalira ana. Mtundu wofala kwambiri waukwati
- polygyny - kudyetsa amuna ndi akazi osiyana pa nyengo, kuchotsera kutenga nawo gawo pomenya ndi kusamalira ana,
- ma polyandries - akukhwima akazi ndi amuna osiyanasiyana, kuyikira mazira angapo zisa. Amuna ndi makulitsidwe amuna amachitika ndi amuna,
- nesting iwiri - kuyikira mazira awiri zisa. Choyamba, chachikazi chimasaka anapiye, ndipo chachiwiri - chachimuna chimasamalira. Thandizo kwa oyenda m'madzi obadwa kumene limaperekedwanso mosiyana.
Ma sandpip akubzala pansi, mazira atagona m'maenje popanda zinyalala. Mitundu ina ya mbalame imagwira zisa zachilendo pamitengo.
Minkhusu imabadwa, thupi lokhala ndi thonje. Ngakhale ana amatha kudyetsa okha kuchokera pakubadwa, makolo amadera nkhawa za ana: amatentha, amateteza, ndipo amatsogolera kumalo opezeka chakudya. Pakachitika ngozi, madzi oyenda mwamphamvu amateteza chisa ndikuukira mdani.
Pofika zaka ziwiri, ana ali okonzeka kukhwima. Avereji ya zaka zokhala ndi moyo zimafika zaka 20.
Kuchepetsa madera komanso kutukuka kwa zinthu zochuluka zomwe zili ndi malo okhala, zikuwopseza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuyandikana ndi anthu kumakhala kowopsa kwa mbalame, koma anthu okha ndi omwe amatha kupanga zomwe zingapulumutse mitundu yazosowa zam'madzi.