Parantodons - ma dinosaurs omwe adakhala kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Jurassic komanso nthawi yoyambilira ya Cretaceous, ndiko kuti, zaka pafupifupi 110-130 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzinalo "parantodon" limatanthawuza "Maso ofanana ndi duwa." Mano a dinosaur amenewa amafanana ndi duwa lokongola bwino.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zotsalira za parantodon (kutanthauza, kachidutswa ka nsagwada ndi mano angapo) zidapezeka mu 1929 ku South Africa (South Africa Republic). Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ma dinosaurs amenewa amakhala makamaka kumwera kwa Africa masiku ano.

Kwa nthawi yayitali atapeza zotsala za parantodon, sizinkaonedwa ngati dinosaur, kokha mu 1979, pamene zidutswa zopezeka m'mafupa obwezeretsera mafupa zimapezeka, asayansi adazitcha kuti dinosaur.

Kutalika kwa parantodon kunali pafupifupi mita 5. Anali ndi mutu wocheperako, kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira adatulutsa chingwe cha mafupa kapena zomangira, zomwe zimateteza ngati adani.

Mawu akuti parantodon amamasuliridwa kuti "Wofanana ndi Antodon"

Parantodon ndi m'modzi wa abale apafupi kwambiri a stegosaurus, omwe ndi a banja limodzi la abambo. Oimira banja la stegosaurus anali ma dinosaurs a herbivorous omwe anali ndi mitu yaying'ono, ndipo pa thupi panali ma mbale kapena ma spine angapo. Amadutsa kumbuyo kuchokera kukhosi mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira.

Parantodon amakhala kumwera kwa Africa kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Jurassic. Parantodon mu 1929 sanatchulidwepo ngati dinosaur chifukwa chosowa mafupa, popeza poyamba gawo lokha la nsagwada ndi mano lidapezeka. Izi zidakhala ngati maziko omupatsa dzina la "Parantodon" mu 1978, koma poyambirira adalembedwa kuti ankylosaurus.

Mu 1979, zotsalira zina za dinosaur izi zidapezeka, zomwe zidaloleza kupezeka kwa parantodon ngati stegosaurus.

Kutaya Dziko

Ma Parantodons ndi ma dinosaurs omwe adakhala nthawi yakumapeto kwa Jurassic ndi Early Cretaceous, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi zaka 145-130 miliyoni zapitazo. Dzinalo "parantodon" limatanthawuza "Maso ofanana ndi duwa." Mano a dinosaur amenewa amafanana ndi duwa lokongola bwino.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zotsalira za parantodon (kutanthauza, kachidutswa ka nsagwada ndi mano angapo) zidapezeka mu 1929 ku South Africa (South Africa Republic). Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ma dinosaurs amenewa amakhala makamaka kumwera kwa Africa masiku ano.

Kwa nthawi yayitali atapeza zotsala za parantodon, sizinkaonedwa ngati dinosaur, kokha mu 1979, pamene zidutswa zopezeka m'mafupa obwezeretsera mafupa zimapezeka, asayansi adazitcha kuti dinosaur.

Kutalika kwa parantodon kunali pafupifupi mita 5. Anali ndi mutu wocheperako, kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira adatulutsa chingwe cha mafupa kapena zomangira, zomwe zimateteza ngati adani.

Mbiri yophunzira

Mitunduyo idafotokozedwa ndi Richard Owen mu 1876, yemwe adamuganiza molakwika kuti adziwa dinosaur chifukwa adamuzindikira kuti ali ndi chigaza chofanana ndi cha Lower Cretaceous stegosaurus. Pambuyo pake, mu 1912, Robert Broome adatha kusiyanitsa dinosaur ndi zida za nthawi ya Permian, ndipo mu 1929, Franz Nopcha adasinthanso dinosaur Paranthodon (ofanana ndi anododon).

M'mbuyomu, mitundu ingapo idaphatikizidwa mu mtundu, koma onse, kupatula omwe awonetsedwa pansipa, adasinthidwa kukhala ma syonms:

• Anthodon chlynoviensis Efremov 1940 - ku Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)
• Anchion gregoryi Broom, 1930 - ku Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
• Anomenon minusculus Haughton, 1932 - mu Anometon serrarius
• Anometon nesemanni Broom 1940 - ku Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
• Anthodon rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937 - ku Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)

Malinga ndi tsamba la Paleobiology Database, kuyambira pa Seputembara 2019, mitundu yokhayo yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi mtunduwu ndi Anometon serrarius Owen, 1876.

Kodi matenda ndi chiyani?

Periodontitis imakhala ndi zotupa, ndipo imaphimba periodontium. Zingamu zimayamba kupsa, kuyamba magazi, ndipo nthawi zina, mano amayamba kutuluka.

Matenda a Periodontal amatha kukhala periodontitis ndi matenda a periodontal. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti: matenda a periodontal amakhumudwitsa njira za alveolar, ndipo samatupa mwachilengedwe.

Kusiyana: periodontitis, matenda a periodontal ndi gingivitis

Zoyambitsa za periodontitis zitha kukhala:

• Zosayenera pakamwa. Plaque ndiowopsa pa thanzi la mano ndi mano. Ngati simuchotsa mano anu pafupipafupi, imayamba kukulira, kuumitsa, ndikusintha. Vutoli limakhudza anthu osati okhawo omwe amanyalanyaza ukhondo wa pakamwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso amapeza bulashi wamisala yonyansa, mankhwala opaka mano, kapena kutsuka,
• Madzi osakwanira amatuluka m'matumbo. Periodontitis nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu omwe amasuta. Utsi wochokera ku fodya umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsero za mucous membrane yamkamwa zizipangitsa kuti zizikhala zopanda pake. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'minyewa kungayambitsenso chifukwa chosowa kutafuna, ngati munthu amakonda kudya zakudya zofewa,
• Kuperewera kwa michere. Chithunzichi chimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chakudya chopanda malire, momwe mulibe masamba, zipatso, nsomba, nyama, mkaka wowawasa. Ngati zakudya zotere zimachitika pafupipafupi, njira za metabolic m'matumbo zimasokonezedwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a kutupa, periodontitis.

Khodi ya ICD-10

Matendawa ali ndi nambala yotsatira ya ICD-10:

• K05.2 Pachimake periodontitis,
• K05.3 Matenda a periodontitis.

Ndi matendawa, periodontitis imagawidwa kukhala:

• pachimake . Matendawa amagwira matenda a periodontal, amakwiya kwambiri, amataya magazi. Mavuto amatha kuwoneka, omwe amadzaza pakamwa.
• aakulu . Matendawa amakhudza periodontium pang'onopang'ono, poyamba osadziwonetsa. Ngati poyambira simukayamba mankhwala othandizira, matendawa amakhudza magawo ochepa a periodontium, pambuyo pake kudzakhala kovuta kuchiritsa. Njira yamtunduwu ya periodontitis imatha kuchitika ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwaumunthu, ndikumupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda owopsa opezeka ndi matenda opatsirana.

Pankhani yokhudzana ndi kutanthauzira kwa matenda a periodontitis, zimachitika:

• kutchukitsa - wokhala ndi kochokera,
• ophatikizidwa - Kukula mothandizidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri zoyambitsa matenda: matenda omwe amakhudza matenda osakhazikika, komanso kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi, chifukwa chomwe sangathe kukana nacho.

Zizindikiro

Pali zinthu zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira periodontitis.

Periodontitis: chithunzi

Zizindikiro zazikulu za periodontitis:

• Kuchulukitsa kwamkamwa,
• Kuyabwa, kusangalatsa kwa zinthu pansi pa mano,
• Mpweya woyipa, womwe umatsalira ngakhale utatsina mano.
• Kusintha utoto wa mucous pafupi ndi mano,
• Kupezeka kwa tartar pa enamel,
• Kuyenda kwa mano.

Mawonekedwe osalala:

• fizi itayamba, kutupa,
• nembanemba imakhala yofiyira,
• matumba okhazikika amawonekera kuti mafinya achinsinsi,
• Tizilonda tambiri tambiri ndi tambiri,
• munthu amakhala wopanda mphamvu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi.

Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Chithandizo cha periodontitis chimasankhidwa ndi dotolo wamano kapena orthodontist.

Asanayambe kapena atagwiritsa ntchito chingamu

Chithandizo chimachitika:

• kwanuko
• mankhwala
• opareshoni
• mafupa
• physiotherapy,
• wamba.

Vector kuyeretsa tartar, zolengeza pansi pa mano, zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chogwiritsidwacho sichikhudza gawo la mizu, kotero kuti dzino ndi mano zimatetezedwa kuti zisavulazidwe.

Kukonzekera

• Otsutsa zomwe zimathandizira kuti mabakiteriya azilombo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa apitirire,
• Mouthwash yomwe imakonzanso kukonzanso kwake, komanso kuchepetsa kutupa kwa chingamu,
• Hypertonic kuthetsa njira zotupa, kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba mkamwa,
• Adsorbents zomwe zimathandizira adsorption ya microflora ya pathogenic, kuchotsa kwa kuledzera kwa thupi lonse, komanso kutupa kwa chingamu. Mankhwala oterewa amalowetsedwa m'thumba la periodontal,
• Enzymes , kugawa minofu ya necrotic, ndikusintha njira za redox. Amawonetsedwa m'matumba a periodontal ogwiritsa ntchito ma turundas owonda, omwe kale amasakanikirana ndi isotonic solution. Njira yochizira ndi yochokera masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri,
• Immunostimulatory zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe sichitha kulimbana ndi matenda.

Chithandizo cha kunyumba

Amati chithandizo chamankhwala azithandizo ndizothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, musaiwale kuti musanagwiritse ntchito njira zamankhwala azikhalidwe, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.

Pali maphikidwe apanyumba oterowo omwe adzitsimikizira okha polimbana ndi periodontitis:

• Masi kutikita ndi osakaniza sea ​​buckthorn ndi mafuta amkati wothira chimodzimodzi. Munthu amakulunga bandeji pachala chake, ndikuikongoletsa kuti igwirike, kenako ndikusenda zisautso kwa mphindi khumi, kawiri pa tsiku,
• Tsuka pakamwa ndi tincture khungwa la oak . Iyenera kukhala itapangidwa kale. Supuni ya tiyi ya khungwa imathiridwa mu kapu yamadzi, ndikubwera. Kulowetsedwa kumatsalira kwa theka la ola, pambuyo pake kumapangidwa. Kuti mukwaniritse izi posachedwa, masana njira zimachitika maola awiri aliwonse.

Kuwaza mano

Periodontitis mu siteji yapamwamba imakwiyitsa dzino. Kupewa kutaya kwawo kumathandiza kupindika - kuchoka kwa mano pogwiritsa ntchito tayala lochotseka kapena lokhazikika.

• Matayala amachotsa - Awa ndi ma mbale komanso milomo yolumikizira mano angapo, ngakhale ena a iwo akusowika. Kutapira kwamtunduwu kumalola njira zochiritsira mobwerezabwereza.
• Matayala okhazikika zopangidwa ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mano azikhala otetezeka monga momwe mungathere. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwonongeka kwambiri pamkamwa, kupangitsa kuti mano azigwedezeka. Mchitidwewu suvulaza munthu, komabe, samva kusangalala, kulimba.

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