Mlonda wa Crocodile, kapena wothamanga waku Egypt (Plichius aegyptius) kufalikira kumadzulo ndi Central Africa, kumawulukira kumpoto (Egypt, Libya) ndi East (Kenya, Burundi) Africa. Imakhala pakati pa mitsinje ikuluikulu ya kumadera otentha yomwe ili ndi malo amchenga ndi miyala yosazama kwambiri ndi zilumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chisa, nthawi zambiri imapewa nkhalango. Wothamanga ku Egypt amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo (am'madzi ndi apadziko lapansi, makamaka ma dipterans ang'onoang'ono), komanso nyongolotsi, mapira ndi mbewu. mbewu.
Kufotokozera
Akatswiri ena a zamankhwala posachedwapa apatula mbalameyi mbanja lina Panthiliya. Kuyambira nthawi ya aHotototus, Pliny ndi Plutarch, pakhala nthano kuti mbalameyi imalumikizana ndi ng'ona - imati imatenga zakudya zotsalira ndi mano awo ndikulira chifukwa chowopsa. Komabe, palibe umboni wolembedwa wa nthano iyi.
Kutalika kwa mbalame zazing'onoting'onozi kumafika pa sentimita 19-21. Mutu, khosi ndi kumbuyo kwa wothamanga ku Aiguptoyo ndi wakuda, mikono yayitali yotalika imadutsa kuchokera pamlomo pamwamba pamaso mpaka kumbuyo, mutu, woyera, chifuwa, kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi pamimba amakhala ofiira, kudutsa pachifuwa pali mzere wakuda mawonekedwe a khosi lomwe lakhomedwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Mapiko a mbalamezi ndi amtambo wamtambo, amawuluka mosiyana ndi kumbuyo ndi mutu. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto womwewo. Mbalamezi ndizosuntha kwambiri komanso mokweza, mawu ake - mawu amtundu wapamwamba "krrr-krrr-krrr".
Kuswana
Kumpoto kwa equator, othamanga amabala kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo-Meyi, pomwe madzi mumitsinje ndi otsika kwambiri. Zimakhala m'malo amchenga otsetsereka mumabedi amtsinje. Zamoyo zokhala ndi maondo sizipanga, magulu awiri a mbalame zokhala okhaokha. Mu clutch 2 kapena 3 mazira. Chisa ndi dzenje mumchenga ndi kuya kwa masentimita 5-7, pomwe mazira amakula akamayikidwa mumchenga wofunda. Kuzizira mazira, makolo amakhala pamenepo, akumanyowetsa pamimba ndi madzi izi zisanachitike. Asananyamuke chisa, mbalame zimasuntha mchenga. Anapiye awo ndi ana osawerengeka, ndiye kuti, amawaswa bwino ndikukhala odziyimira pawokha. Inde, amafunikirabe thandizo la makolo awo - mwachitsanzo, achikulire amawazizira anapiye chimodzimodzi ndi mazira. Nthawi yomweyo, anapiye amatha kumwa madzi kuchokera ku nthenga pamimba ya makolo. Pakuopsa, anapiye amathamangira kumchenga wapafupi ndi mchenga ndi kukabisala (nthawi zambiri ma denti m'miyendo ya mvuu amakhala malo othawirako), ndipo akuluakulu amawadzaza mchenga, ndikuuponya ndi mlomo.
Mawonekedwe
Mlonda wa ng'ona amakula mpaka 19-21 masentimita ndi mapiko kutalika kwa masentimita 12.5-14. Mafutawa amapakidwa utoto wowerengeka, wogawika mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Mbali yakumtunda imakhala ya imvi, yokhala ndi korona wakuda m'mphepete ndi chingwe choyera chozungulira pamaso (kuyambira mulomo mpaka kumbuyo). Mzere wakuda kwambiri umalumikizana, womwe umayambiranso kuchokera pakamwa, umagwira gawo lamaso ndikuwonekera kale kumbuyo.
Pansi pamlanduwu ndiwopepuka (ndi kuphatikiza kwa nthenga yoyera ndi tayi). Khosi lakuda limazungulira chifuwa chake. Wothamanga ku Egypt ali ndi mutu wolingana kukhosi lalifupi lalitali komanso mlomo wowongoka (ofiira m'munsi, wakuda m'litali lonse), wowerama pang'ono.
Mapikowo ndi amaso amtambo pamwamba, koma nthenga zakuda zimawoneka pamapikisano awo, komanso mchira. Kuuluka, mbalame ikafalikira mapiko ake, mutha kuwona kuti ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi utoto wakuda wamtundu wakuda kuchokera pansi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti mlonda wa ng'ona amawuluka mosazengereza, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mapiko ambiri osakwanira. Koma mbalameyo ili ndi miyendo yolimba: yayitali ndipo imatha ndi zala zazifupi (popanda kumbuyo), yosinthidwa kuti ikuyenda mwachangu.
Wothamanga akakwera m'mwamba, miyendo yake imayenda mopyola m'mphepete mwa mchira wamfupi, wowongoka.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ngakhale Brem adalemba kuti ndizosatheka kuti usagwire diso la wothamanga waku Egypt: mbalame imagwira diso lanu, nthawi zambiri ikala, ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa mchenga, ndikuwonekanso kwambiri ikauluka pamwamba pamadzi, kuwonetsa mapiko ake okhala ndi mikwera yoyera ndi yakuda.
Bremen adapatsa wothamanga ndi ma epithetswo "mokweza", "wamoyo" komanso "wopusa", ndikuwonetsanso kuthamanga kwake, machenjerero ake ndikukumbukira bwino kwambiri. Zowona, katswiri wazam'madzi wa ku Germany adalakwitsa poganiza kuti mbalamezi zimagwirizana ndi mamba (pamaso pake Pliny, Plutarch ndi Herototus) adanama.
Monga momwe zinadzayambira pambuyo pake, othamanga alibe chizolowezi chofuna kukwawa kulowa nsagwada za ng'ona pofuna kusankha majeremusi omata ndi zidutswa za chakudya kuchokera mano ake owopsa. Osachepera mmodzi wa akatswiri azachilengedwe aku Africa omwe adawona izi. Ndipo zithunzi ndi makanema omwe atsegula intaneti ndi zaluso za zithunzi ndi makanema otsatsa kutafuna chingamu.
Ofufuza amakono a zofooka za ku Africa amatsimikizira kuti mlonda wa ng'ona ndiwodalira kwambiri ndipo akhoza kuonedwa ngati wopanda vuto. Othamanga achiigupto amakhala ochulukirapo m'malo osambira, ndipo nthawi yosabereka, monga lamulo, amasungidwa awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kuti ndi mbalame zokhazikika, nthawi zina zimayendayenda, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kukwera kwa madzi mumitsinje yakumaloko. Ma Nomad amauluka mumatumba a anthu 60.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mboni zowona ndi maso zimayang'ana momwe mbalameyo imayimiridwira, yomwe imakhala ngati ikuwongoka ngakhale ikuyenda (ikangotsamira ikangoyenda). Koma zimachitika kuti mbalameyo imazizira ndipo imayimirira, ngati kuti ingogwada, itasowa mphamvu.
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mawu okwezeka, osasangalatsa, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kudziwitsa ena (ndi ng'ona, kuphatikiza) pofikira kwa munthu, zilombo kapena zombo. Ng'ona yekha, mlonda, amene ali pachiwopsezo, amathawa, kapenaathawa, nanyamuka.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mlonda wa ng'ona amakhala makamaka ku Central ndi West Africa, komanso amapezeka ku East (Burundi ndi Kenya) ndi North (Libya ndi Egypt). Dera lonse la malowa likuyandikira 6 miliyoni km².
Monga mbalame yodyetsa, mlonda wa ng'ona ndi wa m'chipululu, komabe samapewa mchenga woyera. Samakhalanso munkhalango zowirira, nthawi zambiri amasankha magawo apakati (osaya ndi zilumba, pomwe pali mchenga ndi miyala yambiri) ya mitsinje ikuluikulu yotentha.
Zosowa pafupi ndi mabakiteriya kapena matupi amadzi oyera. Amakhalanso m'madambo omwe amakhala ndi dothi lokwera, m'malo opezekako dongo okhala ndi malo otetezedwa komanso m'malo opezeka zipululu okhala ndi masamba ochepa (mdera lakutali).
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu akuyerekeza (malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa kwambiri) pa mbalame zikuluzikulu 22,000 - 85,000.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ku Egypt wakale, ng'ona mlonda adayimira imodzi mwa zilembo za hieroglyphic, zomwe timadziwika kuti "Y". Ndipo zifaniziro za othamanga zimakongoletsa zipilala zakale za ku Egypt.