Enhydra lutris (sea otter) ili ndi maina osatchulidwa - wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa marten ndi ochepa kwambiri a zolengedwa zapamadzi. Pomwe mawu oti "sea otter", muzu wa Koryak wa "kalag", wotanthauziridwa kuti "nyama", umawoneka. Ngakhale dzina lakale lakale la Russia (nyanja yakumwa), nyanjayi ili kutali ndi mtsinje, koma pafupi ndi mtsinjewo, ndichifukwa chake idatchedwa dzina lapakati "sea otter". Achibale a sea otter amaphatikizanso marten, mink, sable andretret.
Maonekedwe, miyeso
Kukongola kwa nyali yam'madzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake oseketsa, ochulukitsidwa ndiubwenzi wosatha. Ali ndi thupi lalitali lamiyala yokhala ndi mchira mu 1/3 wa thupi, khosi lalifupi lakumaso ndi mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi maso akuda.
Omalizawa samawoneka mtsogolo kwambiri (monga ndi zisindikizo kapena zotsekera), koma mmbali mwa njira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi adani ambiri padziko lapansi. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe amafotokoza izi mwa njira yosaka nyama yosanja, yopanda nsomba, koma kwambiri ma invertebrates, yomwe amapeza mothandizidwa ndi ma vibrissas okokomeza akakhala pansi.
Pamutu wosadetsedwa, makutu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mawu okuluwika-osakhwima sakhala osawoneka, omwe (ngati kuti ndi mphuno) amatseka nyama ikamizidwa m'madzi.
Zidule zakutsogolo zimatembenuzidwa kuti zigwire ma urchins am'nyanja, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri chosanja: ukali wokhazikika umalumikizidwa ndi thumba lakuthwa lakumaso, pomwe zala zake zimakhala ndi zolimba zolimba zimatuluka pang'ono. Miyendo yakumbuyo yagona kumbuyo, ndipo miyendo yokulitsidwa (pomwe chala chakunja chimatulutsa makamaka) chimafanana ndi zipupa, pomwe zala zake zimakutidwa mu membrane waubweya mpaka ma phalanges omaliza.
Zofunika. Nyanja yotchedwa sea otter, mosiyana ndi kufera kwinakwake, ilibe ma gland otulutsa ma anal, chifukwa siziwonetsa malire a malowa. Nyama yotchinga ilibe mafuta osunthika, omwe ntchito zake (kutetezedwa ndi kuzizira) zimatengedwa ndi ubweya wonenepa.
Tsitsi (lonse lakunja ndi pansi) silikhala lalitali kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita 2-3 m'thupi lonse, koma limakula kwambiri mpaka osadutsanso madzi pakhungu. Kapangidwe ka tsitsilo kamakumbutsanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame, chifukwa pomwe imasungika mpweya, womwe thovu lake limayamba kuwonekera posambira - imawulukira m'mwamba, ndikuwunikira nyanjayi ndi nyanja.
Kuipitsa kocheperako kumayambitsa kunyowetsa ubweya, kenako ku hypothermia ndi kufa kwa wolusa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti amang'amba ndikuphatikiza tsitsi lake mphindi iliyonse popanda kusaka / kugona. Kamvekedwe konse ka chovalacho nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofiirira, kowala pamutu ndi pachifuwa. Achikulire oyenda panyanja, imayamba imvi pakhungu lake - kuphatikizira siliva.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ma otter a panyanja samakhazikika pamodzi osati ndi wina ndi mzake, komanso ndi nyama zina (zisindikizo za ubweya ndi mikango yam'nyanja), yoyandikana nawo pamiyala yamiyala. Ma ottery a nyanja amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (1015 anthu), osagwirizana nthawi zambiri m'magulu akuluakulu (mpaka anthu 300), komwe kulibe gulu lowonekera bwino. Ziweto zotere nthawi zambiri zimawola, mosiyana ndi magulu amphongo amodzi kapena akazi okhala ndi ana.
Zofunikira zakuwongolera panyanja zimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa 2-5 km, pomwe nyanja sinali yakuya (mpaka 50 m), mwinanso kuwedza kwapansi pano sikungatheke. Nyanja yamtambo ilibe tsamba la eni, komanso kufunikira koiteteza. Zoyenda panyanja (zosafanana ndi mikango yam'nyanja yomweyo ndi zisindikizo za ubweya) sizisuntha - M'chilimwe zimadyetsa ndipo zimagona usiku mu m'nkhalango zamadzi zamadzi, zimagwira mawaya awo kapena kudzimangirira mu algae kuti zisatengeke munyanja.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kuphulika, pomwe mphepo imasesa m'nkhalangozi, mafunde osunthika amasungidwa m'madzi osaya masana, kusiya nthaka usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, amapuma 5-10 m'madzi, kukhazikika pazikhala pakati pa miyala yotetezedwa ku mkuntho. Nyanja ikasambira ngati chidindo, imatambasulira kumbuyo miyendo ndi kumbuyo ndikuipangitsa kuti ikhale yosunthika mmwamba ndi pansi pamodzi ndi kumbuyo. Mukamadyetsa, nyama yomwe imadya imakhala pansi pa madzi kwa mphindi ziwiri, kukhala komweko mpaka mphindi 5 ndikuwopseza mwadzidzidzi.
Zosangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri masana, mbalame yam'madzi, yoyandama, imayenda pamwamba pamafunde ndi m'mimba. Mwanjira imeneyi, amagona, kutsuka ubweya ndipo amadya, ndipo njirayo imadzisunganso ndi mwana.
Oyambitsa nyanja nthawi zambiri amabwera kumtunda: kwa nthawi yayifupi kapena kubereka. Nyama sizimasiyana chisomo - nyama yomwe imakonda kudya imakoka thupi lake pansi, koma ikhoza kusewera bwino. Pakamphindi koteroko, amagwada kumbuyo kwake mu arc ndikuthamanga kuthamanga ndi kudumpha kuti apulumuke mofulumira.
Ndikupita nthawi yachisanu, nyanjayi imayenda chisanu pamimba, osasiya mapazi. Nyama yakunyanja kwa maola ambiri, osasamala nyengo, imatsuka ubweya wake wamtengo wapatali. Mwambowu umakhala wophatikiza tsitsi munjira yodziyimira - kugwedezeka pamafunde, chilombo chimadutsa momwemo ndikusuntha, ndikumenya mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, chifuwa, m'mimba komanso miyendo kumbuyo.
Pokhala ndi nkhomaliro, nsombayi yam'madzi imatsukiranso ubweya, kuchapa ndulu ndi zotsalira za chakudya: nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'madzi, yokhazikika mu mphete ndikumata mchira ndi matako ake akutsogolo. Nyanja yotentha imakhala ndi fungo lonyansa, masomphenya olankhula pakati komanso makutu osakhazikika bwino, omwe amangoyankha ndi mawu ofunikira, mwachitsanzo, kusefukira kwa funde. Kukhudza kumapangidwa bwino - ma vibrissae amatha kuthandizira kupeza maollamu ndi ma urchins am'nyanja mumdima wakuda kwamadzi.
Masanjidwe amnyanja otentha
Magawidwe apano agawa magawo am'nyanja m'magulu atatu:
- Enhydra lutris lutris (sea otter, kapena Asia) - akhazikika pagombe lakummawa la Kamchatka, komanso ku Commander and Kuril Islands,
- Enhydra lutris nereis (California sea otter, kapena kumwera) - wopezeka m'mphepete mwa California,
- Enhydra lutris kenyoni (kumpoto kwa nyanja yakumpoto) - amakhala kumwera kwa Alaska ndi zilumba za Aleutian.
Kuyesa kwa akatswiri a zinyama posiyanitsa pakati pa nyambo wamba yam'madzi okhala ku zilumba za Komandorski ndi Nychatka sea otter okhala ku Kuril Islands ndi Kamchatka kwalephera. Ngakhale njira ziwiri zomwe adatchulira mayina amtunduwu ndi mndandanda wazomwe sizinathandize sizinathandize. Nyanja ya Kamchatka otter idakhalabe dzina lake Enhydra lutris lutris.
Habitat, malo okhala
Pomwe maattery oyenda panyanja amakhala ku North Pacific Ocean, ndikupanga arc yopitilira gombe. Tsopano mitundu yonse ya nyanjayo yachepa ndikuwoneka m'mbali mwa zisumbu, komanso gombe la dziko lokhalo (pang'ono), lotsukidwa ndi mafunde ofunda ndi ozizira.
Dera laling'ono lamakonoli limayambira ku Hokkaido, ndikupitiliza kugombe la Kuril, Aleutian / Commander Islands, ndikufalikira pagombe la Pacific ku North America, ndikutha ku California. Ku Russia, gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ma ottery apanyanja likuwoneka pa Fr. Copper, imodzi mwazilumba za Commander.
Oyambitsa nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo monga:
- zotchinga zotchinga
- m'mphepete mwa miyala;
- miyala (pamwamba / pansi pa madzi) yokhala ndimatumba a kelp ndi alaria.
Akazi oyenda panyanja amakonda kugona pamatanda ndi mabatani okhala ndi miyala, komanso m'mbali zazifupi za peninsulas, komwe, mkuntho, mumatha kupita kumalo opanda phokoso. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, amapewa magombe (mchenga ndi miyala) - apa sizingatheke kubisala kwa anthu ndipo zinthu zomwe zidaseweredwa.
Zakudya Zam'nyanja
Zoyang'anira zimadyera makamaka masana, koma nthawi zina zimasaka usiku, ngati masana mvula yamkuntho ikuyenda panyanja. Zakudya zam'madzi za kunyanja, zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama zapamadzi, ndizopatsa chidwi ndipo zikuwoneka ngati:
- ma urchins am'madzi (zakudya),
- mabatani / gastropods (malo achiwiri),
- nsomba zazing'onoting'ono (capelin, nsomba za skeonon ndi gerbil),
- nkhanu
- octopus (nthawi zina).
Chifukwa cha makulidwe a m'tsogolo komanso zala zoyenda, nyanjayi amatenga urchins, nyanja ndi nkhanu kuchokera pansi, ndikugawa zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa bwino (nthawi zambiri miyala). Kuyandama, nyali yakunyanja imagwira mwala pachifuwa pake ndikugogoda pamenepo ndi chiphaso chake.
M'malo osungira nyama, pomwe nyama zimasambira m'malo osungirako magalasi, sizipatsidwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuthyola galasi. Mwa njira, oster wanyanja akugwera mu ukapolo amakhala wamagazi kwambiri - amafunitsitsa kudya nyama yamphongo ndi nyama yamkango yamchere, ndipo kuchokera ku nyama zazing'ono amakonda nsomba. Mbalame zobzalidwa pobisalira zimasiyidwa popanda chisamaliro, popeza nyanjayi samadziwa kuigwira.
Nyamayi yam'madzi imalakalaka kwambiri - kwa tsiku imadya voliyumu yofanana ndi 20% ya kulemera kwake (chifukwa chake wolandirayo amalandira mphamvu yoziziritsa). Ngati munthu wolemera makilogalamu 70 akadya ngati nyerere zam'nyanja, amangodya pafupifupi 14 kg za chakudya tsiku lililonse.
Nyama yosanja nthawi zambiri imadyera m'malo otetezedwa, ikusambira pafupi ndi miyala kapena miyala yotuluka m'madzi: panthawiyi, imayang'ana algae, ikuyang'ana zolengedwa zam'nyanja momwemo. Tazindikira kuti muli ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono, touluka tam'madzi timatulutsa kuchokera mumtchire, ndikuyipukuta mwamphamvu ndi mapiko ake ndipo nthawi yomweyo timatsegulanso kuti tisangalale nayo.
Ngati kusaka kumachitika pansi, nyanjayi imayang'anitsitsa ndi ma vibrissas ndikuyika pansi pafupifupi mphindi 1.5-2 pamene ma urin a nyanja amapezeka. Amawatola zidutswa 5-6, ndikuyandama, ndikumenyera kumbuyo kwake ndikudya mmodzi ndi m'modzi, kumatambalala pamimba pake.
Omwe amayenda panyanja amagwira nkhanu ndi nsomba, ndikugwira nyama zazing'ono ndi mano ndi miyendo - yayikulu (kuphatikiza nsomba zolemera). Nyamayi imatenga nsomba yaying'ono yonse, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ikukhazikika m'madzi ndi "mzati". M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zam'nyanja sizimva ludzu ndipo sizimamwa, kupeza chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera kunyanja zam'madzi.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Zoyimitsa panyanja ndizolowamo ndipo sizikhala m'mabanja - zazimuna zimakwirira akazi onse okhwima omwe amayenda mdera lawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kubereka kwa maatters am'nyanja sikungokhala kwa nyengo yina, komabe, kubereka mwana kumachitika kwambiri mu nthawi ya masika kuposa miyezi yamkuntho.
Mimba, monga ambiri ophedwa, imachedwa pang'ono. Zomera zimawonekera kamodzi pachaka. Yaikazi imabereka pamtunda, ikubweretsa imodzi, kawiri kawiri (genera kuchokera mwa 100) maaka awiri. Zotsatira za yachiwiri sizingatheke: amwalira, popeza amayi ake amatha kulera mwana yekhayo.
Choonadi. Mwana wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 1.5 ndipo amabadwa samangowona, komanso amakhala ndi mano a mkaka wathunthu. Medvedka - ndicho chomwe asaka ake amadzitcha iye chifukwa cha ubweya wonenepa kwambiri womwe amaphimba thupi la oyambitsa pang'ono.
Maora ndi masiku oyambira omwe amakhala ndi amayi ake, atagona m'mphepete mwa m'mimba kapena m'mimba mwake pakalowa nyanja. Chimbalangondo chimayamba kusambira payokha (choyamba kumbuyoku) pambuyo pa masabata awiri, ndipo kale mu sabata ya 4 iye amayesera kukukoka ndi kusambira pafupi ndi chachikazi. Mwana wakhanda, yemwe adasiyidwa pang'ono ndi mayiyo, ali ndi mantha atakhala pangozi komanso kufinya, koma osakhoza kubisala pansi pamadzi - amamutsitsa ngati nkhata (thupi lake limakhala lopanda chofunda komanso lodzaza ndi ubweya).
Akazi samasamala za ana awo okha, komanso alendo, amangofunikira kusambira ndikukankhira kumbali. Nthawi zambiri patsiku, amasambira ndi chimbalangondo pamimba pake, kwinaku akumanyambita chovala chake. Pofika kuthamanga, amakakamiza mwana wakeyo ndi mkono kapena kumangirira mano ake pamiyendo, kumadumphira m'mutu mwake ndi nkhawa.
Woyambitsa nyanja wamkulu, wotchedwa koshlak, ngakhale amasiya kumwa mkaka, amakhalabe pafupi ndi amayi ake, kutulutsa nyama za benthic kapena kumudya. Moyo wodziyimira pawokha umayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe kukula kwachinyamata kumayambira m'gulu la oyendetsa nyanja akuluakulu.
Adani achilengedwe
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena owerengera nyama, mndandanda wa adani achilengedwe am'madzi amatsogozedwa ndi chinsomba chopha, chimphona chachikulu chochokera kubanja la dolphin. Mtunduwu umatsimikizika chifukwa chakuti ziphuphu za wakupha sizimalowa m'nkhokwe za kelp, zimakonda zigawo zakuya kwambiri, ndikuyamba kusambira m'malo otetezeka am'madzi nthawi yotentha, nsomba zikauluka.
Mndandanda wa adani umaphatikizapo shaki ya polar, yomwe ili pafupi ndi chowonadi, ngakhale adadzipereka ku madzi akuya. Akawonekera m'mphepete mwa gombeli, shaki imagwira zosunthira za mnyanja, zomwe (chifukwa cha khungu losakhwima kwambiri) zimafa chifukwa chakukanda, komwe matenda amalowa mwachangu.
Choopsa chachikulu chimachokera kwa abambo ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe m'mimba mwake momwemo mabowo omwe amapezeka pansi amapezeka nthawi zonse.
Chisindikizo chakum'mawa kwa Far, chomwe sichingokhala cholowera chakudya chomwe chimakonda kwambiri (pansi pamadzi am'madzi), komanso chimagulitsanso nyama zomwe zimayenda munyanja nthawi zambiri, chimawerengedwa kuti ndichochita cham'nyanja. Pakati pa adani a nyambo ya panyanja pali munthu amene adamufafanizira mwankhanza chifukwa cha ubweya wodabwitsa, womwe umakhala wokongola kwambiri komanso wolimba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Asanayambe kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa zosintha zam'madzi pa dziko lapansi, panali (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana) kuchokera kumazana mazana mpaka miliyoni miliyoni. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi kunachepetsedwa kukhala anthu 2,000. Kusaka kwa oyenda panyanja kunali kovuta kwambiri kotero kuti bizinesi iyi inadzikumbira yokha (panalibe wina), koma idaletsedwanso ndi malamulo a USA (1911) ndi USSR (1924)
Ziwerengero zaposachedwa kuyambira 2000-2005 zidalola kuti zolembedwazi zilembedwe pa IUCN ndi chilembo "chokhala pangozi". Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, ambiri oyenda panyanja (pafupifupi 75,000) amakhala ku Alaska ndi zilumba za Aleutian, ndipo 70,000 a iwo amakhala ku Alaska. Pafupifupi okwana 20,000 oyendetsa nyanja amakhala mdziko lathu, osachepera 3000 ku Canada, pafupifupi 2.5,000 ku California, ndi zinyama pafupifupi 500 ku Washington.
Zofunika. Ngakhale ziletso zonse, anthu osambira panyanja akucheperachepera, kuphatikizapo zolakwa za anthu. Mafuta ambiri am'madzi am'madzi amayamba kuvutika ndi mafuta ndi zotumphukira zake, zomwe zimadetsa ubweya, kupha nyama zakufa chifukwa cha hypothermia.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwa ma otter apanyanja:
- matenda - 40% ya imfa zonse,
- kuvulala - kuchokera kwa asodzi, mabala amfuti ndi misonkhano ndi sitima (23%),
- kusowa kwa chakudya - 11%,
- zoyambitsa zina ndi zotupa, kufa kwa makanda, matenda amkati (ochepera 10%).
Kufa kwakukulu chifukwa cha matenda sikufotokozedwa osati kokha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nyanja, komanso chifukwa chakufooka kwa masoka a nyanja chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitundu pakati pa mitundu.
Zojambula ndi malo okhala otentha panyanja
Nyanja yakter kapena sea otter ndi nyama yolusa ya m'mphepete mwa Pacific. Oyimira bwino a nyama zam'nyanja ya Pacific ndi nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ma sea otters kapena ma bea sea sea.
Monga zikuwonekera chithunzi sea otterNdi nyama yaying'ono yoluka pakati ndi mutu wopyapyala komanso mutu wozungulira. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zam'nyanja, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati zolengedwa zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi, zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka, zotsika kwambiri kukula ndi zisindikizo za ubweya, walruses ndi zisindikizo.
Nyanja zamphongo zazimuna, zomwe zimakhala zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi, zimafika pamtunda wosaposa 45 kg. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa nyama (pafupifupi 30 kapena kupitirira masentimita) ndi mchira.
Mphuno yakuda komanso yayikulu imayang'ana makamaka pamaso, koma maso ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo makutu ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti amawoneka osawoneka bwino pamitu ya zolengedwa izi. Kupatsa mafotokozedwe a sea otter, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pamwamba pa chovala cham'kati mwa chinyama pali vibrissae yayikulu - tsitsi lolimba, lomwe chilengedwe chimapatsa nyama zambiri monga ziwalo zogwira.
Mtundu wa nyama ndi wopepuka komanso wamdima, wosiyana mitundu, kuyambira wofiirira mpaka wodera. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti pali anthu akuda kwathunthu - zotulutsa ndi zoyera kwathunthu - ma alubino.
Ubweya wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani wa ottery zam'madzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya tsitsi: ubweya ndi pakati, zimapangitsa kuti nyama zisazizire m'madzi ozizira. M'chilimwe, ubweya wokalamba umagwa kwambiri, ngakhale masinthidwe ake amachitika chaka chonse, chomwe ndi chosiyana ndi nyama zam'madzi.
Nyanja otter amasamalira ubweya wake mosamala, ndipo imamteteza bwino ku zinthu zakunja, komwe nyamayo idathandizira kusintha nyamayo. Malo omwe ankakonda kukhala osuntha panyanja ndi madzi am'nyanja. Amapita kumtunda nthawi zina kuti akaume pang'ono.
Komabe, zonse zimatengera malo. Mwachitsanzo, oyenda panyanja omwe amakhala ku California amakonda masana ndi usiku kukhala m'madzi. Ndipo anthu okhala pachilumba cha Copper, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa ngodya za Kamchatka, amagonanso usiku.
Zofunikira zanyengo chimodzimodzi. Mkuntho nyanja otter osayerekeza kusambira pafupi ndi gombe. Maonekedwe a kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyamayo imasiyana kwambiri. Matambo a nyama zakutsogolo ndizifupi ndipo ali ndi zala zazitali zomwe zolengedwazi zimafunikira kugwira nyama ndipo, monga vibrissae, zimagwira ngati ziwalo zogwira.
Pa chithunzichi, nyambo yoyambira kunyanja ndi mwana
Cholinga cha miyendo yakumbuyo yakumaso, yofanana ndi zipsepse zokhala ndi zala zophatikizidwa, ndizosiyana kwambiri; zimathandiza zolengedwa kuti zizisambira komanso kusambira momasuka. Nyama zotere sizikhala pagombe la California kokha, ndipo ndizochulukirapo m'chigawo cha Washington, Alaska, mphepete mwa Canada ku Briteni.
Ku Russia, nyama izi zimapezeka makamaka ku Far East ndipo, monga tanena kale, kuzilumba za Kamchatka Territory.
Mitundu ya otter zam'nyanja
Nyanja otter nyanja otter ndi a Kunim ndi akatswiri odziwa zachipatala, kukhala woimira wamkulu kwambiri pabanjali. Pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kapena zitatu zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa nyama zimenezi, malinga ndi asayansi, kunali zochulukirapo ndipo zinafika pa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni angapo omwe amakhala pagombe lonse lalikulu la Pacific Ocean.
Komabe, m'zaka zana zapitazi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwanyama zomwe zidawonongeka, mkhalidwe wawo udafika poipa, chifukwa chomwe adawateteza, zomwe zimadziwika. mu Buku Lofiyira. Zoyesa zam'nyanja kukhazikika m'malo awo akale, kuphatikiza apo, njira zina zotetezera zidatengedwa, ndipo kusaka nyama izi kudaletsedwanso.
Chifukwa cha izi, anthu akuchulukirachulukira, koma malo okhala ndi ochepa. Pakadali pano, ma sea otters amasankhidwa ndi asayansi m'magulu atatu. Mwa iwo kumpoto kwa nyanja, Californian ndi Asia kapena wamba.
Chikhalidwe komanso moyo wamayendedwe apanyanja
Izi ndi nyama zamtendere, zochezeka zomwe sizigwirizana, koma kwa abale awo ndi ena oimira nyama, komanso anthu.
Kuchita mwachisawawa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolengedwa zizithamangitsidwa, zomwe sizikuwonetsa kusamala kulikonse komwe kuli koopsa ndipo zimalola osaka kubwera pafupi. Nthawi zina, otentha panyanja amakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi yochepa amakhala okha.
Ngati novice akufuna kulowa mgulu la oyambitsa nyanja, amalandiridwa ndi manja awiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo amene asankha kuchoka m'gululi satsekeredwa. Chiwerengero cha madera otentha a nyanja chimasinthasintha, ndipo oimira osungulumwa a amuna ndi akazi, komanso nyama zazing'ono, amatha kukhala mamembala ake.
Nthawi zambiri mamembala amtundu wotere amakhala nthawi yokhayokha pokhapokha atapuma, kusonkhana m'malo ena, mwachitsanzo, munkhokwe zamadzi zam'madzi. Ulendo otter nyanja otter osakonda kwambiri, koma ngati anthu ena amayenda mtunda wautali, amuna okha ndi omwe.
Nzeru za nyama zimapangidwa bwino. Nthawi yogwira masana kwa iwo ndi tsikulo. Kudzuka m'mawa nyama nyanja otter nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufufuza zolemba ndikupanga chimbudzi, ndikubweretsa chovala chake mwadongosolo.
Chofunikira kwa ottery zam'madzi ndikusamalira ubweya wawo, womwe amatsuka bwino ndikusakaniza tsiku ndi tsiku, kumasula tsitsi ku zotsalira za ntchofu ndi chakudya, kuphatikiza, mwanjira imeneyi amathandiza ubweya kuti usamanyowe konse, zomwe ndikofunikira kupewa hypothermia ya thupi lawo lonse.
Masana, malinga ndi chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku, nyamazo zimayamba kupumira pang'ono masana. Masana, otentha panyanja amadziwikanso pazolumikizana ndi masewera, pomwe malo apadera amapatsidwa mwayi wokondana komanso kukondana. Ndiponso, kupumula komanso kulumikizana. Usiku, nyama zimagona.
Zakudya za Sea otter
Nyengo zodekha, osuntha panyanja pofunafuna chakudya amatha kupita kutali ndi gombe. Amapeza chakudya chawo, amasambira mozama kwambiri ndikukhala pansi pamadzi kwa masekondi 40.
Ndipo popeza adapeza chakudya choyenera pansi pa nyanja, samadya nyama nthawi yomweyo, koma amatenga zikopa m'matumba apadera omwe amawoneka ngati matumba okhala pansi pa dzanja lamanzere ndi lamanja.
Kukhala wakhama m'madzi ozizira kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizidya chakudya chochuluka. Chifukwa chake, zimachitika kuti patsiku amakakamizidwa kuti azitha kuyamwa michere mpaka 25% ya kulemera kwawo. Zamoyo zomwe zimafanana ndi zosowa ndi zomwe amakonda, kuphatikiza mitundu khumi ndi inayi ya zolengedwa zam'nyanja.
Pakati pawo pali nsomba zam'makutu ndi makutu, mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Zakudya zawo zabwino zimatha kukhala nkhanu, nkhono, masiketi, zovala, mamiseche ndi urchins zam'nyanja. Nyanja zakumpoto zimadyera kwambiri ma octopus, koma ziwalo zonse za zolengedwa izi zokha ndizomwe zimadya.
Kuchokera kumadzi ndikatha kusaka bwino, nyamazo zimachita phokoso. Amakhala anzeru kwambiri kuti, akamatsegulira mabulogu, amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yomwe imapezeka pansi pa nyanja, kwinaku akupukutira nyama zawo pamiyendo yawo ndikumenya ndi zinthu zolemera.
Nthawi zambiri zida zotere zimasungidwa m'makola a khungu ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi yomweyo. M'matumba mwawo, nyama zimanyamula chakudya chomwe chimatsala kuchokera ku chakudya chambiri. Ndipo atatha kudya, nyama zoyera zimayenera kuyeretsa ubweya wawo. Otsamira panyanja amathetsa ludzu lawo ndi madzi am'nyanja, ndipo impso zawo ndizoyenereradi kukonzanso mchere wambiri.
Kubwezeretsanso komanso moyo wa nyanja zam'nyanja
Pakati pa masewera polumikizana ndi nyama zomwe zafotokozedwayu, kukwatirana matingidwe kumakhala malo apadera, pomwe amuna amasambira ndikuthira pansi kwa nthawi yayitali ndi osankhidwa awo.
Chibwenzi chimakhala chaka chonse, palibe nthawi yodziwika bwino yopatsidwa nyama izi, ndipo mating, omwe atatha kubereka zaka zisanu, amapezeka pafupipafupi komanso nthawi iliyonse. Zowona, m'malo ena momwe nyama zimakhalamo, miyambo yachimwemwe yamtambo imapatsidwa miyambo yokomayo.
Nthawi zamasewera, njonda zimagwira abwenzi ndi mphuno, motero kugwirirana. Tsoka ilo, chithandizo choterocho nthawi zambiri chimabweretsa mavuto achisoni. Akakwatirana, opangawo amakhala ndi bwenzi lawo kwa masiku osapitirira asanu, ndipo atachoka alibe chidwi ndi ana ndipo osatenga nawo mbali polera. Ndipo atsikana awo, atakhala ndi pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi itatu, amachoka kukabereka nthaka youma, posakhalitsa akupereka moyo kwa mwana mmodzi.
Ngati mapasa amawonekera, ndiye, monga lamulo, m'modzi yekhayo amene atsala ndi amene amatsala. Wachiwiri uli ndi mwayi, ngati atalandiridwa ndi amayi ena achisoni, omwe adataya mwana wawo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Ana amabadwa opanda chithandizo ndipo miyezi yoyamba satha kukhala ndi moyo, akule popanda chithandizo cha amayi. Akazi amanyamula ana awo pamimba zawo, osawasiyira zida zawo ndikumangolekerera kwakanthawi kochepa kuti adyetse iwo m'madzi kapena pagombe.
Chifukwa chake osamala omenyera panyanja amaphunzitsa ana kudya ndi kusaka moyenera. Ana amayamba kuyesa zakudya zolimba pakatha mwezi, osati kale. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi amasewera ndi ana awo mwachangu, kuwagwirizira ndi kuwataya, ndikuwakonda ndi chikondi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ateteze ana awo modzipereka, podziika pangozi.
M'mikhalidwe yokhazikika, osintha nyanja samakhala zaka zopitilira khumi ndi chimodzi, ngakhale kuli akatswiri azaka zana limodzi omwe angakhalepo pafupifupi kotala la zaka zana. Koma ali muukapolo, nyama izi zimakhala nthawi yayitali, kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwazaka makumi angapo.