Gulu la njati limadya mdera la nkhalango ya Bialowieza: nazi akazi, amuna ndi nyama zazing'ono. Pamaso pa ng'ombe pali ng'ombe yamphongo. Maonekedwe a chimphona champhamvu ichi chimawoneka chosatheka, chimawombera kuyambira kale, nthawi yamakedzana. Woimira uyu wa gulu la artiodactyl alidi wamasiku ano. Thupi lokhala ndi minyewa yotumphukira kufota, kuthengo, lamtundu wakuda, yokhala ndi kansalu kofiyira ka mane ndi ndevu kokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Kukula kwakukulu kwa chilombo, mutu wake wokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi maso a bulauni, nyanga zazikulu zomwe amuna ndi akazi ali ndi zida, zimateteza modalirika kwa zilombo. Ili ndiye njati - mbuye weniweni wa nkhalango.
Njati
Mukangoyang'ana kumene, njatiyi imawoneka yosasangalatsa, ndipo ndizovuta kukhulupirira kuti imatha kudumphadumpha chifukwa chopanda mamita awiri kutalika. Amathetsa zopinga zamadzi posambira.
Njati ndi ziweto. M'nyengo yozizira, amapanga magulu a atsogoleri angapo. Chapakatikati, ng'ombe izi zimagawika m'magulu osiyana. Mu gulu la njati, kudzipereka mosamalitsa ndi dongosolo zimawonedwa. Olimba ndi omwe amakhala oyamba kumwa madzi m'malo othirira, woyamba kusankha malo abwino odyetserako ziweto komanso kupuma. Ngati pali njati zamphamvu zofanana m'gululo, ndewu zachiwawa koma zazifupi zimachitika pakati pawo. Nyama zamkwiyo zimawunjika mitu yawo limodzi, zimaputa, zimakuwa. Wotayika amakakamizidwa kusiya gulu la ng'ombe.
Kumapeto kwa kasupe calving kumachitika. Akazi amabereka, monga lamulo, kwa njati imodzi yolemera kilogalamu 20-25. Amayi amateteza njati osati kwa adani okha, komanso njuchi zina. Njati zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo ndi zaka 30 mpaka 40 kapena kupitirira.
M'nyengo yotentha, njati zimadya udzu ndi masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya msondodzi, aspen, alder ndi makungwa ena a mitengo, komanso mphukira ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa m'mawa ndi m'mawa. Njati ndimtundu wokhazikitsidwa bwino wa fungo ndi kumva, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi osawoneka bwino.
Mdani yekhayo wa njati ndi nkhandwe, makamaka nthawi yozizira, yozizira kwambiri. Omwe amazunzidwa amakhala achikazi komanso achichepere. Pofikira gulu la mimbulu, njati imapanga chitetezo chozungulira, ikusunga nyama zofowoka ndi zazing'ono mkati mozungulira.
Osati kale kwambiri, magulu ambiri a njati amayenda munkhalango zathu, komanso m'nkhalango za ku Europe. Ankakhala m'nkhalango zowerengeka, m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhokwe. Mafumu ndi mafumu, akalonga ndi ana amapanga kusaka njati, maphwando aphokoso omwe nyama zambiri zidaphedwa. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri yakale, kwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo pamsonkhano wa akalonga mu 1431, womwe udachitikira ku Volyn, ma bizinesi 100 okazinga amaperekedwa kuphwando sabata iliyonse. Ndipo mu 1752, molingana ndi lingaliro la mfumu yaku Poland Augustus III, njati 42 ndi mbewa 13 zidaphedwa m'nkhalango ya Bialowieza posaka. Mukudzinja kwa 1860, pagombe la Tsar Alexander II, kusaka kunakonzedwa m'nkhalango imodzimodzi, momwe nyama 96 zinaphedwa, kuphatikizapo njati 28. Kusaka kotereku kumakonzedwa chaka chilichonse.
Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kusaka nyama mopanda malire kunapondereza ambuye a m'nkhalango, ndipo ng'ombe zawo zinasungunuka mwachangu. Mu 1755, njati yomaliza ku mayiko a Baltic idaphedwa, mu 1762 - ku Romania, komanso mu 1793 - ku Germany. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka zathu zino, njati zimasungidwa m malo ochepa kwambiri m'mapiri ndi m'malo otentha (ku North Caucasus ndi ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha). Koma apa sanathe kuthawa. Njati yomaliza ya nkhalango ya Bialowieza idaphedwa pa 9 February, 1921 ndi wolamulira wakale wa Baltrameus Shpakevich. Ndipo tsopano njati ngati mtunduwo zinasiya kukhalako mwachilengedwe.
Mwamwayi, njati zambiri zosavomerezeka zinalipo m'malo osungira nyama padziko lapansi. Mu 1923, ku International Congress ku Paris, katswiri wofufuza za nyama ku Poland, a Jan Stoltzman, anaganiza, kuti sanataye konse, kuti apange International Society for the Salvation of Bison. Posakhalitsa Buku la International Bison Stud Book lidasindikizidwa. M'mayiko 15 padziko lapansi panali njati 56 zokha - ndiwo zofunika kwambiri pakubzala. Pang'onopang'ono, chaka ndi chaka, chifukwa cha ntchito yolinganizidwa bwino komanso kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwa akatswiri opanga zinyama m'maiko ambiri, kuchuluka kwa njati kunayamba kuchuluka.
Tsopano njati zimakhala m'mapaki athu a njati komanso m'malo osungirako nkhalango - ku Caucasus, ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Central Bison Nursery pafupi ndi Serpukhov, mu Khopersky Reserve, Carpathians, Mordovia Reserve, Baltic ndi malo ena a dziko lathu.
Pofuna kupulumutsa ndi njati zabwino mdziko lathu, tiyenera kuthokoza katswiri wazowona za nyama ku Soviet, katswiri pa maphunziro a njati Mikhail Alexandrovich Zablotsky. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 1976, panali masamba pafupifupi 1,500 oyera padziko lonse lapansi, 567 a iwo ku USSR.
Njati ndi mwini wa Belovezhskaya Pushcha
Tonsefe timadziwa nyama zazikulu ngati njati, njati, gaurom. Koma zodziwika kwambiri kwa ife, kumene, ndi njati. Ili ndi dongosolo la artiodactyls, banja la ma bovid. Njati ndi ng'ombe yodziwika imodzimodziyo, yosiyana pang'ono ndi iwo ndi chifuwa champhamvu kwambiri komanso cramp yocheperako. Njati imakhala ndi mutu waukulu, womwe umakhazikitsidwa ndi nyanga zingapo zazifupi komanso zazifupi.
Njati (Njati bonasus)
Njati zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yolimba, tsitsi la njati limakhala lalifupi, kokha pakhosi lomwe limakhala lolimba komanso lowonda. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha njati ndi mphuno zake, zakuda bii, zokhala ndi mtundu wabuluu. Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi kwakukulu. Zachikazi ndi "zosalimba" - mpaka 700 makilogalamu, koma njati yamphongo - njovu imakula mpaka 850 kg. Amakhulupirira kuti makolo a njati zamakono amatha kulemera pafupifupi 1 tonne! Mtundu wawo wamakhola umakhala wofanana, wa bulauni wakuda ukusintha kukhala mtundu wowala pa korona.
Poyerekeza ndi njati, njati imawoneka yochepetsetsa komanso yayitali kwambiri, kutalika kwake kufota kumafika 2 m, ndipo kutalika kwa sacrum ndi 1.6 m, pomwe kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika mpaka 3 m
Masiku ano njati zimapezeka ku Poland, ku Western Ukraine, Russia, komanso ku Hungary ndi Moldova. Ndipo nkovuta kukhulupilira kuti nyama zamphamvu ndi zamphamvu izi nthawi ina zinatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka ngati mtundu. Chifukwa chakusaka kwawo ku Middle Ages, kuchuluka kwa njati kunawonongeka, ndipo chifukwa chokha cha kubwezeretsa mwaubwino ndi acclimatization, adabwezeretsedwa kutchire kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Gulu la njati m'nkhalango yophukira.
Njati ndi nyama yodyetsa, magulu awo amatha kuwerengera 20 apadera, osowa kwambiri, osonkhana pamodzi ndi mabanja ena angapo, olumikizana mu gulu mpaka 50 zolinga. Malo awo achilengedwe ndi nkhalango zosakanizika zosamva, momwe amakhala moyo wongokhala, ndikusiya nyumba zawo, pokhapokha ngati kuli kwanjala.
Njati yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Nyama izi zimalekerera kuzizira bwino, nthawi yachisanu imakhala yoipa kuposa namwino
Banja lililonse la njati limakhala ndi mutu, iye ndi mtsogoleri, modabwitsa kwake - uyu ndiye wamkazi wachikulire komanso wachikulire. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyama izi ndizosavomerezeka, sizimapereka mawu, zoopsa zimatha kuwapangitsa kuti azimva kulira. Ndipo ngakhale kutalika kwake, amasuntha mwangwiro komanso mwakachetechete. Ngakhale mutakhala othamanga, khalani osavomerezeka.
Mverani mawu a njati
Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Kuthawa kuthamangitsidwa, amatha kudumpha moat kapena mumtsinje mpaka mita 2! Ali ndi chiwongolero chowonekera pakupita kwawo, achichepere nthawi zonse amatsatiridwa ndi mutu, kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi amuna achichepere ndi amphamvu. Ngakhale ndi zazikulu, njati zimakhala zamtendere, ndipo sizimawombera anthu. Ngakhale amatha kununkhiza komanso kumva, samatha kuona.
Njati zimakonda nthambi za linden, msondodzi, phulusa, Hornbeam, thundu, rasipiberi ndi mabulosi abulu.
M'malo abata, njati zimadya mwamtendere, masana amapuma kutafuna chingamu.
Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zamtunduwu ndizomera zamtundu uliwonse, ndipo menyu ndi oposa 400 mayina amitundu yonse yazomera. Chithandizo chomwe chimakonda kwambiri ndi acorn. M'nyengo yozizira, amakumba chisanu ndi mphuno zawo, kuchotsa udzu, lichen kapena zipatso. Osanyalanyaza bowa ndi singano. Patsiku limodzi, nyama yachikulire yamtunduwu imadya pafupifupi 50 kg zamasamba, ngati madzi. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yotentha, amapita kawiri kukafunikira madzi, nthawi yozizira amakhala ndi chipale chofewa.
Nkhondo yaukwati wa njati
Nyengo yakukhwima kwa njati imachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kugwa koyambirira. Amuna amakopa akazi ndi fungo lamphamvu losalala, amakonza ndewu pakati pawo kuti azimayi azikopa. Nthawi zina pamikangano yotere imatha kupweteketsana. Njira yonse yosonyeza kumvera ena chisoni imayendera limodzi ndi kuwononga maula, kuwombera mitengo. Pamapeto pa "ukwati ", mimba imayamba, yomwe imatenga miyezi 9 ndendende. Mwana wakhanda wolemera mpaka 23 kg. Ndipo pakubadwa kale amakhala ndi utoto, ndipo amafunika ola limodzi ndi theka kuti ayambe kutsatira amayi ake. Njati yaikazi imakhala ndi mkaka wolemera kwambiri, womwe imadyetsa mwana, mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ngakhale chakudya chake choyamba, atha kuyesa kuwakwaniritsa mwezi umodzi. Adzakhala njati yaukalamba wamkulu wazaka zisanu, ndipo adzakhala zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo wake mosasiyana ndi mayi ake. Kutalika kwa moyo wa njati ndi zaka 20-25. Muukapolo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chiwerengerochi chikukula mpaka zaka 35.
Njati zimadyetsa mkaka
Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa njati wakhala alipo ndipo amakhalapobe - munthu. Popeza njati wamkulu sikhala nayo mdani kuthengo, ndi mulu wokha womwe ungakhale wokhawokha. Kuti kwa ana kumatha kukhala kowopsa komanso lynx, ndi zimbalangondo, ndi nyalugwe. Kuyambira kale kwambiri, ndi nyama zokha zomwe zimasaka nyama, ndipo ngakhale chifukwa cha nyama; nyama yakale, imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa cha kukula. M'masiku otsogola, njati yachikulire imodzi idapereka chakudya ku mtundu wonsewo. Mosiyana ndi munthu wamkulu, njati yaing'ono ili ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mitundu yonse ya njati za ku Europe ndi Caucasus zidawonongedwa ndendende ndi ozizira.
Njati imaphunzira kuuluka, koma njati wamkulu imasewera naye. Chifukwa cha masewerawa, adalowanso mu dzenje kuti akhale pamodzimodzi ndi cram
Zinali zopambana kuti panthawi yakumaliziratu mtunduwu, zolinga 66 zidakhalabe undende. Mwa kuyesayesa kwa International Society for the Protection of Animal, pulogalamu yoletsa njati yayamba. Poyamba inkapita kumalo osungira nyama, kenako nyama zoyambazo zimasulidwa kupita kumalo a nkhalango ya Bialowieza. Kenako pang'onopang'ono adayamba kutumizidwa kumayiko aku Europe. Masiku ano padziko lonse lapansi pali nyama 3000, ndipo 1700 okha kuthengo. Palibe amene wakwanitsa kuberekera njati, ndipo ma hybrbr omwe amadutsa ndi zoweta ndi osabereka. Koma amazidyetsa chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo komanso nyama yambiri yokhala ndi mapuloteni. Kuswana kwa njati yopingasa ili ndi dzina - njati.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Njati ndi nthumwi yomaliza ya ng'ombe yam'munda ku dera la Europe. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, nyama zidachokera kwa makolo awo akale - njati. Amayimira banja la bovine bovid ndipo ali a anyani osagwirizana ndi abuluzi a herbivorous.
Zambiri zakale zikuwonetsa kuti m'nthawi ya ayezi, njati zidalipo kale ndipo ndizomwe zimafuna kusaka anthu nthawi imeneyo. Izi zimatsimikizira zojambula za mphanga za nthawi imeneyo zomwe akatswiri ofukula zakale anapeza. Komanso, tangonena za chilombo chodabwitsa ichi chimapezeka m'mabuku akale a Aiguputo ndi Aroma. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ku Roma wakale, njati zimagwira nawo nkhondo zankhondo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Njati za nyama
Maonekedwe a nyamayo akukongola mu ukulu ndi mphamvu. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi mamita atatu. Kutalika kwa nyanjayo kufota pafupifupi mita pafupifupi 2, malo ozungulira khosi m'malo otetezeka kwambiri ndi a 2,5-3 metres. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kwakukulu. Khosi limakhala lalifupi, lalikulu. Pamodzi ndi kutsogolo kumbuyo, khosalo limapanga chipolopolo chachikulu, chachikulu. Njati chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso dera lotumphuka, lamphamvu pamimba.
Mutu wopanda zibowo umakhala wotsika. Chifukwa chake zimamveka ngati mchira uli pamwamba pamutu. Kunja, nkhope ya njati ndi yaying'ono kwa thupi. Gawo lalikulu lakutsogolo limadziwika. Gawo la parietali lili ndi nyanga zolimba komanso zazikulu. Malekezero a nyanga nthawi zambiri amagwetsedwa kapena kulozedwa. Nyanga zake ndi zosalala, zonyezimira, zakuda. Makutu ndi ang'ono, ozungulira, ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Panthawi yowunika, sizowoneka. Ndizachidziwikire kuti nyama sizisiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe owoneka, koma zimakhala ndi kununkhira bwino komanso kumva.
Kanema: Njati
Chosangalatsa: Tsitsi la nyama limatha kukhala la mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi malo okhala. Njati za Bialowieza zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira komanso utoto wonimira. Tsitsi kumutu limakhala lakuda kwambiri, la bulauni lakuda, pafupifupi ndevu zakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, kumayamba kuzizira komanso kuda.
Makhalidwe a oimira amtunduwu:
- Nsagwada zili ndi mano 32,
- Maso amkamwa, kuphatikiza milomo ndi lilime, mtundu wa lilac wabuluu,
- Lilime limakhala ndi papillae wamkulu.
- Khosi lalifupi, lalikulu,
- Maso akulu akulu, ozungulira
- Miyendo yolimba, yolimba, yolimba yokhala ndi ziboda zazikulu,
- Kutalika kwa matayala kuchokera masentimita 60 mpaka 85,
- Mchira umatha ndi burashi ya fluffy
- Pamalo pachifuwa chakunja ndi malo apansipansi a ndevu,
- Tsitsi lakuthwa, lopotana limaphimba mutu ndi chifuwa,
- Pamaso pa chitoliro,
- Nyanga zokuta
- Kuchuluka kwa munthu m'modzi kumafika pa kilogalamu 800-900,
- Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Ngakhale zili zazikulu, njati zimatha kudumpha zopunthwitsa pafupifupi 1.5-2 metres kutalika m'malo mwachangu.
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira momwe njati zimawonekera komanso kuchuluka kwake. Tsopano dziwani komwe njati zimakhala.
Kodi njati zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Reserve njuchi
Njati ndi abale a ng'ombe zamtchire. Mpaka nthawi yoti awonongedwe ambiri, adabzala gawo lalikulu. Amakhala ambiri ku Caucasus, kumadzulo, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati Europe, Iran, ndi Scandinavia. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti panthawi imeneyo anali osapezeka m'dera la nkhalango, komanso m'malo otseguka - mapiri, zigwa. Pomwe adamaliziratu, nthumwi za nyamazo zidayenda kumadera akutali agonthi na akutali.
Masiku ano, malo okhala njati ndi malo okhala m'nkhalango, nkhalango zomwe zili pafupi ndi matupi a madzi. Mpaka pano, gawo lalikulu la malo awo okhala ndi gawo la Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Tapeza komwe njati zimakhala, tsopano tiwone zomwe zimadya.
Kodi njati zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njati kuchokera ku Red Book
Njati - chinyama cha herbivore. Pazomwe zimadya zamtundu wa unulates ndizomera zamitundu mitundu. Asayansi apeza kuti mitundu pafupifupi 400 yazomera imatha kukhala chakudya kwa munthuyu. Njati zimadya pakhungwa la mitengo, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba, lichens.
Chochititsa chidwi: Chakudyacho chimasinthidwa ndi dera lokhalamo, komanso nyengo komanso nyengo. M'chilimwe, nyama zimadya zipatso, mapulo amadyera ambiri. M'dzinja amatha kudya bowa, zipatso, ma acorn, ma hazelnuts.
Pafupifupi, munthu m'modzi wamkulu amafunika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 45-55 a chakudya patsiku. Akasungidwa m'malo otetezedwa, njati zimadyetsedwa ndi udzu. Odyetsa ngati amenewo amangokonza zanyama zamtunduwu zokha. Zomwe nyama zamtundu wina wazakudya zimabweretsa mkwiyo komanso kuukira kuchokera kumbali ya njati.
Chofunikira ndi madzi. Zakudya zake zimafunidwa ndi nyama tsiku lililonse. Ngakhale atabisala padzuwa lotentha m'nkhalangomo, pofika tsiku lomaliza adzapita kumalo othirira.
Tidazindikira kuti njati zimadya, tsopano timvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake ndi moyo wawo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Njati ku Russia
Mwachilengedwe, njati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zamtendere komanso zodekha. Kuwonekera kwaukali sikwachilendo kwa iwo. Mwamuna sayenera kuchita mantha kukumana naye. Nyama imatha kufikira anthu oyandikana.Sadzayambitsa ngozi kapena kuopsa ngati palibe chowopsa. Komabe, ngati nyamayo imadziwopseza yokha kapena ana ake, imakhala yolusa kwambiri komanso yoopsa kwambiri. Imatha kupanga phokoso longa longa phokoso.
Zochititsa chidwi: Kugwedeza mutu kumasonyezanso kuti nyamayo ndi yamanjenje. Njati ikagwidwa, njati imathamanga ndipo imamenya ndi nyanga zazikulu, zamphamvu. Mu nyama, chibadwa chodzisungira chokha chimakula kwambiri.
Ngati pali cholepheretsa nyama yosavulaza yomwe imamuika pachiwopsezo, amakonda kudutsa. Njati siziwona ngati nyama zayekha. Amapanga gulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo pakati pa 3-4 mpaka 16-20 oimira amtunduwu. Kuchulukitsa kwa ng'ombe ndi zazikazi komanso zazing'ono. Pamutu pa gulu la ng'ombe pali akazi odziwa zambiri, anzeru komanso achikulire. Amuna amakhala moyo wodziimira pawokha. Amakonda kuphatikiza gulu la ng'ombe nthawi yaukwati. M'nyengo yozizira, chisanu champhamvu, ng'ombe zazing'ono zimalumikizana.
Njati ndi herbivores. Pitani kokabusa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Usana, nthawi zambiri amapuma, kugona, kusamba mumchenga, kuphika padzuwa, kutafuna chingamu, ndi ubweya wopaka. Chapakatikati, magulu a nyama amapita pafupi ndi malo amadzi. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwambiri, m'malo mwake, amachotsedwa m'nkhalango. Popeza kulibe mbewu, amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali posaka. Ali ndi miyendo yolimba, yamphamvu yomwe imakulolani kuti muziyenda mtunda wautali popanda kutopa. Njati imatha kusambira.
Njati nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi adani. Pakadali pano, amatenga gawo lodzitchinjiriza mwa mphete, pakati pomwe mamembala ofooka komanso osatetezeka kwambiri m'gululo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Bison Cub
Nyengo yokomera njati imayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Munthawi imeneyi, abambo amalimbana wina ndi mzake kuti akhale ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi akazi. Amuna otsogola omwe amakhala ndi moyo pawokha amayanjana ndi magulu ena, kuthamangitsa achinyamata kuchokera pamenepo. Zitatha izi, chibwenzi cha akazi chimayamba. Ngati pali omwe amafunsira kuti akwatirane ndi mkazi m'modzi, abambo amamenya. Wogonjetsedwa wasiya gulu la ng'ombe, wopambanayo akupitilizabe kukhala pa chibwenzi.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi ya bere limatenga miyezi 9. Pofika nthawi yoti mwana awonekere, amayi ake akufuna malo obisika. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi, kawirikawiri kwambiri mwa kuchuluka kwa awiri. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamwana wakhanda ndi 23 kilogalamu.
Pambuyo pobadwa, wamkazi amasamalira mwana wake mosamala. Pambuyo maola 1.5-2 kuchokera nthawi yobadwa, mwana amatha kuimirira ndi mapazi ake ndikutsatira momasuka amayi ake. Ziphuphu zimakonda kuyang'ana amayi ndi fungo. Yaikaziyo ndi mbadwa zake imabwelera gulu la ng'ombe patatha masiku awiri ndi atatu kuti idziwane ndi mamembala ake onse.
Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mwana amakonda kulima chakudya pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 kuyambira nthawi yobadwa. Komabe, mkaka wa m'mawere umapitilirabe kudyetsedwa pafupifupi mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ziberekazi zimapezeka pafupi ndi amayi awo mu gulu la zaka pafupifupi 3-4. Amuna ochokera ku nyama zazing'ono, omwe adalekanitsidwa pagulu, amabwera palimodzi. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka kwa zaka zochepa. Pambuyo podziwa komanso kulimba, aliyense amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira payekha.
Kukula kumapitilira zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zii, zisanu ndi zitatu; Yaikazi imatha kubereka ana chaka chilichonse. Amuna amene ali nawo pantchito yotulutsa mtundu, makamaka azaka 6 mpaka 16. Oyimira achichepere ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi chiwalo champhamvu samaloledwa ndi abambo amphamvu komanso amphamvu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa njati mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 30-30. Zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala zaka 5-10.
Adani achilengedwe a njati
Chithunzi: Gulu la njati
M'malo achilengedwe, adani akuluakulu a njati ndi nyama zolusa.
Omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi nyama zazing'ono, komanso njati zodwala, zofooka ndi zachikale. Akazi akuluakulu komanso amuna amathanso kusokoneza mdani aliyense. Chosiyana ndi kuukira kwa anyani amuna okha, kumenyana ndi gulu la akazi ndi matumba a adani. Pankhaniyi, amapambana chifukwa chochulukitsa mwayi.
Kuphatikiza pa zilombo zachilengedwe, munthu amamuwona ngati mdani wowopsa wa njati. Asayansi akunena kuti anali asaka komanso azitape omwe pafupifupi anawonongeratu oimira osavomerezeka munyengo zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi ziwonetsero, m'ma 1920 mitunduyo idatsala pang'ono kutheratu padziko lapansi. Zinali zotheka kupulumutsa kokha chifukwa chokhazikitsa madera otetezedwa ndi mapaki adziko, komanso chifukwa chakuti anthu angapo adasungidwa m'magawo achinsinsi.
Chochititsa chidwi: M'zaka zapitazi, amalonda ambiri ndi oyimira odziwika amasaka nyama mosangalala chifukwa cha kukula kwawo. Nyama zazing'ono zimawonedwa zamtengo wapatali, popeza zimakhala ndi nyama yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo.
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuphatikiza azitape ndi omwe amadyera, kuchuluka kwa nyama pamtundu wa matendawa kunachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizira matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi, matenda a helminthic, matenda ammiyendo ndi pakamwa, anthrax, komanso matenda am'mimba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe ya Njati
Masiku ano, njati zimasankhidwa kukhala mtundu wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kwachititsa kuti madera omwe anthu akukulidwa azikulirana. Nkhalangoyi idadulidwa pamtunda waukulu, mitundu yambiri yamasamba idawonongeka.
Kale, malo okhala nyama zamphamvuzi anali akulu. Amakhala m'magawo onse a ku Eurasia. Kuwononga ndikuthamangitsa anthu ambiri kudadzetsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, njati zimapezeka kokha mdera la Belovezhskaya Pushcha ndi Caucasus. Pakadali pano, padziko lapansi panali anthu pafupifupi 65 okha.
Lero, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za asayansi, sizotheka kungosunga, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zamphongo. Malinga ndi asayansi, padziko lapansi panali anthu opitilira 3,000 pachaka cha 2006. Ndi theka okha omwe ali mu vivo.
- Pofuna kuteteza nyamazo, njatiyi idawoloka ndi abale apafupi - njati zaku America,
- Kuti tisunge kuchuluka kwa omwe akuimira nyama zomwe sizimayamwa, nyamazo zimalembedwa m'ndandanda wofiira wa IUCN,
- Nyamayi idalembedwa ku Red Book of Russia ndikutchulidwa kuti "mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kutha".
Kuteteza Njati
Chithunzi: Njati nthawi yachisanu
Mu 1923, ku International Congress for the Conservation of Nature, funso linadzutsidwa lokhudza kufunika kosunga njati ndikuwonjezera. Kuyambira pano, kuwasaka kunali koletsedwa. Pamsonkhano womwewo, gulu limodzi linapangidwa kuti lisunge ng'ombe zamphongo zazikulu. Adayendetsa ndikulembetsa anthu omwe adalimo m'chilengedwe.
Pakutha kwa zaka 30s, kuchuluka kwa nyama sikunadutse 50. Zoologists anayamba ntchito yayikulu pakugwira ndikuweta nyama m malo osungirako, malo osungira nyama.
Mpaka pano, ntchito yosamalira ndi kupititsa patsogolo mitunduyi ikuchitidwa m magawo awa:
- Kutetezedwa kuulanda,
- Kuletsedwa kovomerezeka pakusaka,
- Chilango chaupandu chifukwa chophwanya zofunika,
- Kusintha kwakhalidwe,
- Kupanga mapaki adziko, malo otetezedwa,
- Kudyetsa nyama.
Malo okongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe gulu loyamba la akapolo adamasulidwa anali a Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Ndi madera pafupifupi 700 okha amene amakhala. Mu 40s, pulogalamu idakhazikitsidwa kubwezeretsa njati za Caucasus. Adawalembera gawo la nkhokwe ya Caucasus.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka posachedwa, akatswiri azamanyama anachita kafukufuku wa njati mu 2016. Pa chochitika ichi, zidapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa zinyama kudakwera kufika pa anthu 6,000. Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'malo osungirako mayiko.
Njati - Ichi ndi nyama yopambana, yapadera. Sichabe pachabe kuti umunthu umayesetsa kwambiri kukonza zolakwika zake ndikupulumutsa chilombo chodabwitsachi. Masiku ano, njati imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yokhayo padziko lapansi yomwe, pafupifupi kuwonongedwa kotheratu ndi ozizira, idafalitsidwanso ndikukhalanso moyo wachilengedwe.