Awa ndi anthu ochokera ku Costa Rica komanso ochokera kumwera kwa Brazil. Mbali iyi ya anthu oyanjana kale idagwiranso ntchito kufotokozera zamtunduwu, popeza zambiri zambiri zidutswa zimasiyana makamaka chifukwa cha izo. Kuti aliyense amafotokozera magulu osiyanasiyana, koma amafuna kuyika chilichonse kukhala nyama imodzi.

Mu 2017, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, magulu atatu amphaka a oncil adavomerezedwa, imodzi yomwe idadziwika ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha - mphaka wamphaka. Ngakhale, ndizovuta kwa wotsogola kuvomereza kugawikaku, chifukwa kupangidwako kumadalira kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu yake pamatumba.

Mawonekedwe

Ngakhale oncilla amatchedwa mphaka, imawoneka ngati mbewa yaying'ono kapena ana ake. Poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mphaka wamba, mtundu wa mphaka wamtchire umakulirapo, koma nthawi zambiri umafanana.

Akazi ndi pafupifupi theka la amuna, chifukwa chake tikalankhula za kukula, nthawi zonse tiyenera kulingalira za pansi monga kukula kwa chikazi, ndi chapamwamba monga kukula kwa amuna. Kotero thupi la munthu wamkulu pa oncilla ndi 38-65 masentimita, kuphatikiza mchirawo ndi 2/3 wa kutalika kwa thupi. Kulemera kwa kwamphongo nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 3 kilogalamu, ndipo wamkazi 2.

Mwa kapangidwe ka mafupa ndi minofu, mphaka amamangidwa, monga mitundu yonse yakutchire, mogwirizana, amakhala ndi mutu wocheperapo komanso phokoso lalitali. Makutu opanda ma tassel, okhala ndi tsitsi loyera mkati komanso ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda kukhoma lakumbuyo. Maso akuchulukira pang'ono, iris chikasu. Mphuno yake ndi yapinki ndimapayipi akuda. Imakhala ndi masharubu oyandikira kwambiri pamphuno.

Ma pawawo ndi owonda, aatali, ndipo mapilogalamu amatha kubisala ndikutulutsa zikhadabo kutalika kwawo konse.

ZOFUNIKIRA: kuchuluka kwa mini-jaguars kutetezedwa ndi Red Book ngati mtundu wosauka. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa malo okhala anthu.

Ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wofewa, mikwingwirima imapangidwa ndi ma rosette amdima kumbuyo ndi mbali. Mbiri yayitali imakhala yofiirira pamitundu yonse, oche, mchenga komanso imvi. Oncilla imakhala ndi chifuwa choyera chokha, chifuwa komanso mbali yamkati mwa ntchafu; Mchira wopakidwa utoto ndi mphete za mawanga ndi mizere.

Utoto wonse wa mphaka wakuthengoyu ndi wofuna kubisala masamba amdima ndi masewera a kuwala kwa masamba pakati pamasamba.

ZOKHUDZA: pakati pa amphaka amtchire, pafupifupi 15% ya anthu nthawi zonse amakhala akuda. Vutoli limayambika chifukwa cha vuto lamkati ndipo limadziwika ndi ambiri oyeretsa mizere yamtchire.

Zizolowezi komanso moyo kuthengo

Ang'ono, koma akutali, komanso ochenjera kwambiri komanso chinyengo chenicheni - zonsezi zimakhudza mwana wa Oncilla, yemwe, chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zonsezi, adatha kubisala kwa munthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma onsilla wamkulu samathamangira kuti athe kulumikizana ndi abale. Zolumikizana ndi zenizeni zimachitika pokhapokha nyengo yophukira.

Mphaka wagalu amagwira ntchito yake yonse usiku, kudzuka masana ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse kumakhala chifukwa chokwiyitsa anthu ambiri m'gawolo. Oncilla amawononga nthawi yokwanira 90% panthambi za mitengo, momwe imatha kubisala imapangitsa kuti isawonekere kwa adani ambiri makamaka anthu.

Pomwe mayi wachikulire amakhala kilomita pafupifupi 2,5, koma wamphongo amakhala ndi ma kilomita 17 lalikulu. Mitambo ya amuna ndi akazi ikhoza kukhala yolumikizana, koma osati yopatukana. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amakhala nthawi yayitali asanakhwime. Nthawi yokhala pachibwenzi komanso kukhala malo olumikizana amphaka amtunduwu ndi yofatsa komanso yokhudza mtima. Nthawi zambiri nthawi imeneyi imatha masiku 3-9, kenako omwe abwererawo amwazika m'magawo awo.

ZOFUNIKIRA: mu ukapolo, oncilla, ngakhale atakhala awiriawiri, musadzabadwenso ndi amuna amtundu wina, ngakhale muntchire zazimuna ndi zazikazi kunja kwa nthawi yoswana sizimakonda kukhudzana konse.

Popita kokasaka, a Oncilla sasamala komwe agwira. Mphaka wamtunduwu wamtchire amakwera mitengo ndi nthambi kuposa nyani aliyense, imasambira ndikuyenda bwino kwambiri, ndipo mikhalidwe yolimba mtima komanso yoipa siyingapereke mwayi uliwonse woti uthawe. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti oncilla amathamangira m'nkhalango kuzinthu zilizonse zokoma. Amakhala m'malo obisalira nthawi yokwanira kuti aukire panthawi yomwe wozunzidwayo samuwona konse ndipo samamva kuti akudumpha.

Zinyama zamtchire sizimasungira nyama m'nthambi, monga, mwachitsanzo, nyalugwe. Amagwira zomwe angadye nthawi komanso amasaka chifukwa chilichonse usiku uliwonse. Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa mphaka: makoswe ndi mbewa, anyani, mbalame, achule, nsomba, abuluzi, macaque ndi njoka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti oncilla samangodya nyama ya mbalameyo, imatsuka nthenga, komanso kusangalala ndi zomwe zili pachisa pambuyo pake.

Akakhala m'nkhalango "kulephera kwa mbewu" zazing'ono zazing'ono, oncilla sasamala kudya nsikidzi zazikulu ndi mphutsi.

Mkhalidwe

Mphaka wa Oncilla ndi nyama yamtchire koma yosinthidwa bwino. Chidwi chotere sichikhala m'nyumba, koma, oncilla amatha kusungidwa bwino m'nyumba yayikulu. Chikhalidwe cha nyamayo sichidzakhalanso "shuga", koma kutenga zizolowezi komanso kupereka gawo lokwanira komanso chisamaliro, mutha kusunga tambala tating'onoting'ono m'nyumba.

ZOSAVUTA: oncilla ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri ku malo osungira nyama, malo osungira nyama okhaokha ku Czech Republic, France ndi England ndi omwe angadzitamande ndi chiweto chotere.

Malo abwino osungira oncilla mnyumba ndi kakhoma kakhoma, momwe mumayenera kukhala mitundu yonse yokwerera makwerero, mtengo wokhala ndi korona wamkulu, nyumba ndi mashelufu.

Ponena za chakudyacho, ndiye kuti mphaka wamtchire yekhayo amatha kudyetsedwa kokha ndi nyama ya nyama yamphongo, koma ndi bwino kugula makoswe ochepa, mbewa, akalulu ndi anapiye. "Prey" imakhazikitsidwa m'khola kamodzi patsiku, makamaka madzulo, kuti muzitsatira zizolowezi.

Chomwe chimasiyanitsa nyamazo ndikuti mpaka chaka cha oncilla ndi wokondedwa basi, anyaniwa amasewera ndikukhala ndi mwini wakeyo ngati mphaka wamba, koma atangotsala pang'ono kutha, zizolowezi zamtchire zimatha kubwereranso ndiye kuti mphaka wamtunduwu umatha kukhala muviyo. M'mikhalidwe yokhala ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso kusamalidwa bwino mu ukapolo, oncilla nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 20.

Gulani mphaka

Ngati ndinu nzika yaku Russia ndipo mukuganiza zopeza mphaka, ndiye lingaliraninso, chifukwa mtunduwu suuona kuti ndi mtundu ndipo suvomerezeka kuti ugwiritse ntchito mwaulere.

Vuto lachiwiri - nazale zapadera zokulira oncilli zoweta zimakhala ku United States kokha. Chifukwa chake, mutha kugula ma oncilla ndi zikwatu zonse ndikulowetsa m'dziko lathu lokha pokhapokha.

Mtengo wa oncilla sudalira, mwachilengedwe, pa mawonekedwe awonetsero ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse akunja. Nthawi zambiri munthu wamphongo amafunsa kuchokera ku $ 5,000 pachaka chilichonse.

Ontsilla: mwachidule mawonekedwe amtunduwu

Kambuku ya oncilla, kapena ya akambuku (Leopardus Tigrinus) ndi nyama yaying'ono yomwe imakhala ku South America. Idatsegulidwa pafupifupi 1777. Ndi ya gulu laling'ono la amphaka ang'onoang'ono, mtundu wa amphaka aku South America. Kugawidwa kwa ma genetic kumatanthauza Ocelot Line.

Oncilla amadziwika ngati mtundu wosaopsa ndipo akuphatikizidwa ku CITES Trade Convention. Tsoka ilo, mphaka wamtunduwu satetezedwa pamtunda wawo wonse - mwachitsanzo, ku Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, kusaka amphaka a tiger sikuletsedwa.

Oncilla - mphaka yaying'ono wobadwa ku South America

Zojambula zakunja

Dzinalo "oncilla" lingamasuliridwe "jaguar pang'ono." Indedi, mphakayu ndimakumbukirabe za anyaniwa, koma pang'ono. Zikuwoneka ngati:

• kulemera kwa oncilla sikapitilira 1,2-2 makilogalamu achikazi ndi 1.5-3 kg mwa amuna,
• kutalika kwa oncilla pafupifupi 80 cm mwa amuna ndi 75 mwa akazi,
• kutalika kwa mchira mu akazi ukufika 27 cm, ndi amuna - 31 cm,
• mutu ndi wocheperako, ndi mutu wopendekera. Mawonekedwe ozungulira
• mapiritsi a vibrissa ndi akulu. Masharubu ndiwotalika komanso wandiweyani. Mphuno ndi yayikulu. Kuyimitsa (kupindika m'mphuno) sikumayang'aniridwa, mphuno imakhala yowongoka kapena yopindika pang'ono,
• makutu a oncilla ndi akulu, okhala ndi maupangiri ozungulira. Maziko awo amaphimba kumbuyo kwa mutu ngati mbale. Kunja kwa khutu ndi kwakuda, komwe ndimayera yoyera yoyera,
• maso akulu kwambiri achikaso kapena obiriwira, okhazikika mokwanira. Kuzungulira maso - "magalasi" oyera,
• miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yayitali kuposa kutsogolo, yosinthika kudumpha ndikukwera mitengo,
• miyendo ndi yozungulira komanso yaying'ono, yokhala ndi zala zazifupi ndi zikhadabo zazitali zazitali,
• kumbuyo kuli kowongoka komanso kosavuta, ndi masamba opindika
• Chovala cha oncilla sichitali, koma chokulirapo, chokhala ndi undercoat yooneka. Yofewa kukhudza. Kutalika kwa thupi
• utoto - mchenga, womwe nthawi zina umakhala wowoneka bwino,
• mawonekedwe pa ubweya ndi mitundu yosakanikirana ya mawanga ndi ma rosette. Pali zingwe zazifupi pamizere, chifuwa ndi mapewa. Pamimba ndi miyendo, mawanga amapezekanso.

Maso a Oncilla amatha kukhala abulauni, achikasu komanso achikasu

Mwa ma oncils, ma melanc ndi omwe amalembetsedwanso - anthu akuda kwathunthu. Ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo alibe oposa zana la anthu onse.

Habitat ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu

Ambiri a oncillas amakhala kumadera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America. Makhalidwe awo amakhala motere:

• ma oncil amatha kukhala pamtunda wa 350 mpaka 3200 m pamwamba pa nyanja,
• mumakonda malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira kapena nkhalango zazitali pafupifupi 1,500 m pamwamba pamadzi.
• pamwamba pa 1500 m amakhala kumapiri ndi m'malo obiriwira mvula,
• Ma Oncylls amapezekanso m'nkhalango zowuma pamtunda pafupifupi 350 mpaka 1500 m,
• ku Brazil, oncilli amapezekanso m'malo owuma - zitsamba zouma zouma ndi zamtchire.

Oncilla Habitat - Kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa America

Mayiko omwe a Ontsill amakhala:

Chiwerengero cha oncillus ndizochepa - ndi amphaka akuluakulu pafupifupi 50,000. Tsoka ilo, lero kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kusaka ndi kukula minda (chifukwa - mawonekedwe a anthu) m'malo omwe amakhala.

Oncilla ndi mtundu wokhala ndi mitundu itatu

Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu ingapo. Kusiyana kwawo kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe pa ubweya ndi malo okhala:

• Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, Guyana, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil,
• Leopardus tigrinus oncilla - Central America,
• Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides - gawo lakumadzulo kwa Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - m'mbuyomu anthu amawaganizira kuti ndi amtundu wina, koma apezeka posachedwa ndi osiyana - mitundu ya kumwera. Osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumpoto mzawo ali ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso phokoso lalifupi. Moyo wawo ndi womwewo. Kulekanitsidwa kwa mitunduyi pakati pa mitundu ya nyama kunachitika chifukwa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa oncilli sikunadutsana.

Khalidwe Lakutchire ndi Khalidwe

Oncilla ndi mphaka wochepa. Mwachilengedwe, ali ndi adani okwanira (amphaka akuluakulu, anthu, mbalame zazikulu zodyedwa). Chifukwa chake, machitidwe ake akuluakulu amakhala chinsinsi. Komabe, milandu nthawi zambiri imalembedwa pomwe a Oncils adawukira oyimira feline ndikutuluka kunkhondo ngati wopambana.

Zochita zina:

• oncilla ogwirira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yamadzulo - m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo.
• oncilla - nyama imodzi, yolumikizana ndi nthumwi zamtunduwu nyengo yakukhwima kapena pakulimbana kwina,
• Mphaka wagalu amakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo - pomwe amapuma, amasaka ndikudya. Koma imatha kusaka padziko lapansi,
• Achinyamata onse ogonana amateteza dera lawo. Pomenyera nkhondoyo, amuna amtunduwu samateteza ngakhale akazi ndipo amatha kuwayandikira ndikawapha. Kusintha kwake ndi kwa mkazi mukamakula,
• oncilla saopa madzi ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kusambira.
• Ziphuphu zimasaka kubisalira. Amadyera ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono, zapamtunda, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mbalame.

Oncillas amatha nthawi yayitali pamitengo

Nthawi yolera amphaka a tiger ndi Disembala-Januware. Malinga ndi zomwe ena akuti ali muukapolo, akatswiri a zanyama anazindikira kuti oncilli amakonda kukhala ndi bwenzi limodzi. Amuna amatha kutha msinkhu ndi zaka ziwiri, zazikazi ndi miyezi 15-18. Akazi a estrus samatha masiku atatu - 3 - 3. Nthawi yonseyi abwenzi amakhala limodzi, monga lamulo, pagawo la akazi. Kenako mwamunayo amachoka ndipo satenga nawo mbali polera ana.

Mimba imatenga masiku 74 mpaka 76. Pali kawirikawiri kuposa ana agalu opitirira 2-3 mu zinyalala. Kulemera kwa akhanda ndi pafupifupi 50 mpaka 115. Kittens amabadwa ali khungu, amayamba kuwona sabata lachitatu. Amayi amadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, kenako amayamba kuwapatsa nyama. Kittens amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi pafupifupi 6, 7, ndipo miyezi 11 amakula kwathunthu.

Panthawi yobereka, ma oncillas amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa oncilla kuthengo ndi zaka 14, ali mu ukapolo - 18-18 zaka.

Mano a zovalazo amayamba kukula pofika masiku pafupifupi 19-21, omwe ali pambuyo pake kuposa amphaka ena. Koma onse amadula nthawi imodzi kwa maola 3-4.

Moyo wokhala mu ukapolo

Oncilla amadziwika kuti ndi mphaka wolimbirana, chifukwa chake samalimbikitsidwa kuti azisunga m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba. Ndi yoyenera chifukwa chokhoma. Ngati munthu wadyetsa mphaka kuyambira wazaka 2-3, oncilla amatha kuzolowera koma osawonetsa mkwiyo.

Mukasunga pa oncilla mu mpanda, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. M'bwaloli muyenera kukhala osachepera 100 m 2 m'lifupi ndi 3-4 m kutalika. Mphaka uyenera kukhala ndi malo okwanira othamanga, kudumpha ndi kukwera. Muyeneranso kukonzekera malo obisika komwe amatha kubisala, ndi dziwe laling'ono loti lizisambira. Mphaka wokonda kutentha afunikiranso kuyendetsa nyengo yozizira yofananira ndi nyengo zofananira.

Ma oncillas amakhala ndi zovuta, kuti athe kusungidwa m'nyumba

Mutha kugula mphaka wa oncilla kumayiko ena, kumadera apadera amphaka zamtchire. Mtengo umayambira $ 2000. Pogula, muyenera kufunsa woweta zolemba zonse zofunika pamsonkhano wa CITES.

Kusamalira nyama

Ali mu ukapolo, oncilla sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera - sichiyenera kusambitsidwa, popeza imasamalira chovala chake chokhala ndi ubweya. Mphaka ukakhulupirira munthu, imatha kudulidwa pafupifupi kawiri pamwezi. Ndizotheka kudyetsa oncilla kokha ndi nyama yotsika mafuta ochepa - nkhuku, nyama ya kalulu, etc. M'pofunikanso kuti totsekeramo mphaka mu ukhondo wabwino. Thanzi labwino la oncilla limatha kugwedeza nyengo yachilendo, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi. Afunika kupereka katemera aliyense amene amaperekedwa kwa amphaka am'nyumba.

Kusamalira oncilla sikutanthauza kuyesedwa koteroko monga kusamalira amphaka akunyumba

Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, oncilla ndi woopsa komanso wankhanza. Amakonda kubisala, koma ngati ali pachiwopsezo, amadziteteza koopsa komanso mopanda mantha. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa chosowa chitetezo choyenera, palibe amphaka okongola ambiri omwe atsalira kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, mwina, posachedwa titha kuwawona mu malo osungirako zinyama ndi ogula okhaokha.