Swan - munthu wachilendo samasilira kukongola kwa mbalameyi. Iye ndi wokongola kwenikweni. Komabe, mbalame yaukali yokhala ndi chikhalidwe choyipa nthawi zambiri imabisala kuseri kwa mawonekedwe abwino a chikwanje.

Swans ndi mtundu wa mbalame za Anseriformes za abakha. Mwathunthu, mtundu umakhala ndi mitundu 7. Amakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikizira ku Russia.

M'mawonekedwe a philistine, swan ndi cholengedwa choyera, chosateteza, chabwino. Komabe, kuthengo, mbalame sizikhala nthawi zonse zofananira ndi chithunzi chokongola. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi mbalame yopanda moyo yokhala ndi malingaliro osamveka komanso oyipa. Ndipo akhoza kudzipimira yekha!

Shag genus Wagler, 1832

Makulu ake ndi ang'ono, apakati komanso akulu. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera 4 mpaka 15 cm.Utali wa mchira kuchokera 4 mpaka 10 cm.Makutuwo ndi akulu kwambiri, akuwonetsa pamwamba pa gawo la tsitsi. Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso zazifupi zazitali. Mtunduwo ndi wa bulauni, wa bulauni, wa bulauni, wakuda kapena wakuda. Zovala zakumaso sizikhala zazitali. Ziphuphu 3 awiriawiri. Fomula wamano = 28, osachepera 26. Makona amano ndi oyera. Mu theka lililonse la nsagwada yapamwamba 3 (nthawi zina 4) mano apakatikati. Mu diploid set, shala wamba ili ndi ma chromosome makumi anayi.

Anthu okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: nkhalango, mapiri, chipululu komanso zipululu. Zochita nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku. Amadyera kwambiri ma invertebrates, nawonso amalimbana ndi achule ndi abuluzi. Nthawi yakuswana ikuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala. Mimba ili pafupi ndi masiku 28. Chaka chilichonse, wamkazi amabweretsa malita angapo. Chiwerengero cha ana mu zinyalala ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 7 (nthawi zina kuchokera 1 mpaka 10). Mwaung'ono, tsitsi limaphimba thupi lonse patsiku la 16. Maso amatseguka patsiku la 13. Kukula kumachitika pakatha miyezi 2-3.

Kugawidwa ku Africa, Kumwera ndi Central Europe mpaka Japan, Timor ndi Ceylon kum'mawa ndi kumwera.

Dongosolo la malembedwewa silikukonzedwa bwino ndipo lifunika kukonzanso kwakukulu. Kutengera ntchito za Ellerman ndi Morrison-Scott (1966), Stroganov (1957), Gromov et al. (1963), Bobrinsky et al. (1965), Ellerman, Morrison-Scott ndi Heiman (1953), Game de Balzac (1956a, 19566, 1957, 1958, 1968), Game de Balzac ndi Ellen (1958),Lori ndi Hill (Laurie ndi Hill, 1954), Chaysen (Chasen, 1940), Taylor (Taylor, 1934) ndi ena, mitundu ya mitundu yokwana 148 imatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Mtundu wa shrew - Crocidura

Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi ubweya ngakhale, womwe umatalikirana ndi tsitsi lalitali. Mano ndi oyera, makutu amatuluka kuchokera ku ubweya. Colouring ndizosiyanasiyana.

Poyerekeza ndi zolembera, ma shark ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda zowuma. Anthu okhala m'malo opondera, nkhalango zopondera, chipululu.

Fotokozerani zisa za udzu, zomwe zimakonzedwa m'makola a ndodo, pansi pa miyala. Mimba ili pafupi ndi masiku 28. Pakhoza kukhala ana angapo mchaka, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku 3-7 cubs. Ana amakula amatsatira mayi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo amapanga "gulu la nyama" lomwe nyama iliyonse ili ndi mano ake pansi mchira wake kutsogolo.

Ku Russia, pali mitundu isanu yovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu: yaying'ono yaying'ono (Crocidura suaveolens), bulange yoyera (Crocidura leucodon), Siberian shrew (Crocidura sibirica), shrew wamkulu (Crocidura lasiura), ndi woleza wamtali (Crocidura gueldensted).

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Dzinalo Lachilatini la mtunduwu limachokera ku liwu lotanthauza "kunong'ona, twitter, buzz." Awa ndi mawu omwe nyama zimapanga pakamagundana. Dera la ku Russia lotengera mtunduwu limapatsidwa mtundu wofiirira wofiirira wam'mano.

Siyanitsani mitundu ya mano, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa munthu wamba. Zosinthika sizinapangidwe bwino, lero pali magulu osiyanasiyana, malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo pali magulu atatu.

Kanema: Shrew

Koma malinga ndi wina - zinayi:

• mitundu yazachilengedwe chosadziwika, kuphatikiza kachikumbu kakang'ono (Sorex minutissimus) - zoona, nyama zazing'ono kwambiri ku Russia komanso chachiwiri padziko lapansi, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimangokhala kaphokoso kakang'ono kokha.
• subgenus Sorex, momwe mkhola wamba umakhalira, ndi nkhusu (Sorex araneus) - woimira wamba komanso wamba woimira mtundu ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri kumpoto kwa Europe,
• subgenus Ognevia ndi yekhayo, koma woimira wamkulu kwambiri - chimphona chachikulu (Sorex mirabilis),
• mtundu wa Otisorex subgenus umakhala ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri ya North America ndi chinyama chocheperako - the American dwarf shrew (Sorex hoyi).

Fossil idakalipobe kuchokera ku Upper Eocene - nthawi yomwe madongosolo amakono a mamiliyoni adawonekera.

Yankho

Chinyama chaching'ono kwambiri ndi cholengedwa chazifupi, chazanyama pabanja lanyumba. Sizidutsa magawo anayi a magawo khumi a sentimenti m'litali, osawerengera mchira, womwe umatha kufikira atatu mfundo isanu ya sentimita m'litali, ndipo umalemera mfundo imodzi isanakwane khumi ndi awiri a gramu. Nyama imawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amadya katatu kapena kanayi kuposa kulemera kwake patsiku. (Mapeto sanamvetsetse, koma ..) 70- makumi asanu ndi awiri

Wopanda moyo

Swans nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mbalame yachifumu." Ndipo "mfumu" yokhala ndi utotoyo imalungamitsa mutuwo mokweza. Seke, ngati bwato lalikulu, ikuyandama pamafunde. Ndipo ngati wina angayerekeze kukayikira ukulu wake, ndiye kuti amaphunzira kulimba kwa mlomo wolimba ndi mapiko amphamvu. Mfumu ya mbalame imakonda kukweza abakha, atsekwe ndi mitundu ina yamadzi.

Mwa njira, yemwe ndikofunikira kuthana ndi mbalame zachisoni. Cheki ndi mbalame yayikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mapiko a khungwa lotseguka limafikira mamita 2.5, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu payekha kumafika kilogalamu 20 kapena kuposerapo!

Nthawi zina anapiye amadzi am'madzi amakhala ndi vuto losasamala. Pali zambiri zopitilira chimodzi pamene mfumu ya mbalame inagunda ana a abakha ndi atsekwe.

Abakha, omwe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono, sangathe kubweza wozunza, makamaka amapeza. Malinga ndi nkhani za alenje, nthawi zina amasenga ana amphaka onse omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi malo osungira.

Katswiri wamtchire amachita mwankhanza osati m'malo osungira okha, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Wakuba wokhala ndi mbewa amaukira gulu la mbalame zina mosazengereza. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa otsutsa sikumamuvutitsa.

Sizikudziwikiratu kuti izi zimachitika ndi chiyani. Mwambiri, chinthucho ndi kukula kwa posungira. Pa nyanja yayikulu, swan imayanjana ndi mafoni ena amadzi popanda mavuto. Koma amawona dziwe la mudzi kapena nyanja yaying'ono kwambiri kuti athe kugawana ndi mbalame zina.

Swan si bwenzi la munthu

Palibe amene adauza Swan kuti munthu ndi korona wachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyi molingana ndi Homo sapiens nthawi zambiri imakhala yamwano, modzikuza komanso mopanda ulemu. Amakumana ndi osambira amodzi, amawukira asodzi ndi alendo kutchuthi.

Onjezani izi mitengo ina ya ngwazi yathu: kuwukira kwa nyundo m'minda yaulimi, kulowera m'minda yamaluwa okhalamo chilimwe ndi magombe, omwe amawona bwino kwambiri.

Samakondera nyama zowetedwa ndi anthu: agalu ndi am'madzi am'nyumba. Makamaka amapita kwa agalu. Mwa iwo, swans amawona chiwopsezo chachindunji kwa ana awo.

Komabe, sizoyenera kunena mlandu kuti chincho ndicholakwika kwa anthu. Choyamba, chibadwa. Ndipo chachiwiri, onani zomwe anthu adasinthira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje! Mukadakhala mbalame, mukanadina zowawa ndikumenya nkhumba ndi mapiko :)

Zabwino ziyenera kukhala ndi nkhonya

Mu Tale of Tsar Saltan, mwana wamkazi wamfumu wopanda chitetezo amafika pafupi ndi kite. Komabe, kuthengo, sichi sangakhumudwe. Iyi ndi mbalame yamphamvu yolusa yomwe imatha kuthamangitsa pafupifupi mdani aliyense!

Ndikamenyedwa ndi mapiko, mbewa imatha kudumphadumpha nkhandwe kapena ngakhale nkhandwe. Ndipo nthawi zambiri iye mwini amadana ndi adani. Mbalame zodya nyama sizikhala ndi mwayi wolimbana ndi chinsalu chachikulu. Kupatula mitundu yayikulu ya chiwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide.

Kwenikweni, azisamba ndi achinyamata amagwiriridwa ndi adani. Swans ndiwosatetezeka. Nthawi zina samakonda mbalame za nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ndi zinyama zokha, komanso nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zokhala ngati pike ndi catfish.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi mbowo imawoneka bwanji?

Nyama poyang'ana koyamba zimawoneka ngati mbewa, koma zimakhala zandalama zosiyana - zosavomerezeka. Kapangidwe ka thupi pakamayang'aniridwa mosiyana ndi mbewa. Choyambirira, mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi chopondera chotambalala chokhazikika chomwe chimagwira. Nyamayi imangoyendayenda, ikumangoyang'ana ndi kufunafuna nyama. Makutu ndi ang'ono, osatulutsa ubweya. Maso ndi ma microscopic, osasinthika kwenikweni.

Ngati tiziwaona ngatigalasi la mzimu, ndiye kuti cholengedwa chilibe mzimu - malingaliro onse a nyamawo ndi a buledi watsiku ndi tsiku. Koma nyama zing'onozing'ono zotere sizingakhale kwina, zimataya kutentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zazikulu, zimafunikira mphamvu zolimbitsa mphamvu za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri. "Kunenepa pang'ono - chakudya chochuluka" ndi lamulo kwa anthu onse okonda magazi. Makanda ali ndi mano 32, monga mwa anthu, koma zofunikira, makamaka zotsika, ndizitali kwambiri. Mano amkaka amasinthidwa ndi okhazikika ngakhale pa mluza, kotero kuti nyama imabadwa kale ndi mano onse.

Kutalika kwa thupi (popanda mchira) m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kukhala 4 cm pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, mpaka 10cm pachimake chachikulu, kulemera kuchokera ku 1.2 - 4 g mpaka 14 g, motero. Kukula wamba, mwachitsanzo, mumawonekedwe wamba ndi 6-9 masentimita kuphatikiza mchira wa 3-5.5 masentimita. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wa velvet kumamatira molunjika, kotero kuti bolayo silingadulidwe "motsutsana ndi chovalacho". Mtundu wa ubweya womwe uli kumtunda ndi wofiyira, wa bulauni kapena wamtundu ndipo umasenda bwino chonde m'nthaka, mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi imvi.

Mchirawo ungakhale wamfupi kwambiri kapena pafupifupi wofanana ndi thupi, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lakung'ambika. M'mphepete ndi pansi pa mchira wake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala timimba timene timatulutsa chinsinsi chofinya cha msuzi chomwe chimateteza mbala kwa adani. Akazi amakhala ndi ma nipples 6 mpaka 10. Amuna, ma testes amapezeka mkati mwa thupi, ndipo gawo lambiri limatha kufika 2/3 kutalika kwa thupi.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Chibade cha wofesayo chili ngati kota kakulidwe - kamakhala ndi dera lopendekeka kwambiri ndipo ndichopendekera mphuno, mpaka nsagwada zimawoneka ngati ma tonne. Pofika nthawi yozizira, chigaza chimachepa, kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa ubongo, nthawi yotentha imachulukanso (otchedwa "Danel athari"). Ubongo ndi 10% ya kulemera kwa chinyama chonse ndipo kuchuluka kumeneku ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa munthu kapena, ngakhale dolphin. Zikuwoneka kuti, kufunikira kosatha kuthetsa mavuto azakudya kumathandizira kukulitsa ubongo.

Kodi mbola zimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Shrew ku Russia

Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhudza zigawo zocheperako komanso zotentha za mayiko onse a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. M'madera ambiri akumwera, mwachitsanzo ku Central America kapena Central Asia, mapiri amapezeka kumapiri atali.

Woimira wamba - mbendera wamba ndi yosinthasintha kwambiri komanso yosinthika kukhala ndi moyo m'malo osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumpoto kwa tundra kupita kumapiri, komwe imasankha malo osefukira am mitsinje ndi maudzu ataliatali kuti akhazikike. Nyama sizimakonda malo otseguka, sizingathe kuyimirira mwachindunji dzuwa - malo omwe zimakonda nthawi zonse zimakhala zopanda mithunzi komanso yonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira amakhala pansi pa chipale chofewa, mwina popanda kupita pamwamba.

Pakati penipeni pa Russia, malembedwe wamba amapezeka paliponse m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki, makamaka omangika, okhala ndi malo opanda phokoso komanso zinyalala zambiri zamitengo. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa malo okhala osungirako zinyalala zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi madambo. Koma amakhalanso pafupipafupi mu nyumba zamalimwe zamalimwe, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi amphaka, amabwera nazo ngati nyama. Makamaka amawakopa iwo m'nyumba za anthu usiku watha, yozizira, pomwe amatha kukwera nyumba.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri imakhala ku tundra ndi malo okwera, zimapirira kuzizira koopsa kwa Siberia yapakati, ngakhale, zimawoneka, ziyenera kuyang'ana malo otentha. Komanso, kafukufuku wa American ash shrew (Sorex cinereus) adawonetsa kuti kukula kwa nyama ndi kocheperako kumpoto komwe amakhala. Izi zimasemphana ndi lamulo lodziwika bwino la Bergman, malinga ndi momwe kukula kwa anthu omwe ali m'malo ozizira osiyanasiyana ayenera kuchuluka.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kakhalira kamapezeka. Tiwone zomwe nyama iyi idya.

Kodi cholembera chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Shrew from the Red Book

Mukasaka chakudya, malembedwe amatsogozedwa ndi kununkhira kwakumaso komanso khutu lonyalanyaza, mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito kanyenyekedwe. Zakudya za nyama, monga calcium yapamwamba kwambiri, ndiye maziko a chakudya. Wochenjera amadya chilichonse chomwe chimatha kugwira ndikuluma ndi mano ake owoneka bwino - singano.

• tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tonse tonse titakula, coleoptera, dipterans ndi lepidopterans, ndi mphutsi zambiri timadyedwa,
• akangaude
• nyansi
• olembetsa, kuphatikizapo mavuvu, omwe amawononga mphutsi,
• ma invertebrates ena, mwachitsanzo, kivsyaki, omwe amadya ndi chimphona chachikulu,
• mbewa
• ang'onoang'ono amphibians,
• zovunda, monga mbalame kapena mbewa,
• monga chomaliza, akuchita zamatsenga, kudya ngakhale ana ake omwe,
• M'nyengo yozizira, amadya zakudya zam'mera, makamaka mbewu za coniffort, zomwe zimatha kukhala theka la zakudya,
• amadya bowa ndi zitosi nawonso.

Pofunafuna chakudya, amapanga timiyala tating'ono, tating'ono tambiri m'chipale chofewa. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa patsiku ndizochulukirapo ndi kawiri kuposa kulemera kwa nyama yomwe.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Common Shrew

Mnzathu wapamtima kwambiri pa zachilengedwe, munthu wamba wanzeru, waphunziridwa kwambiri. Pa chitsanzo chake, taganizirani momwe nyamazo zimakhalira ndi zomwe zimachita. Wochenjera ndi wokalamba komanso wokalamba. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi miyendo yofooka, amasangalala kudutsa pakati pa udzu ndi zinyalala zomasuka, zodumphira pansi pa khungwa lakugwa komanso mtengo wamatabwa, amatha kukwera mitengo, kusambira ndi kudumphadumpha. Samakumba mabowo, koma amagwiritsa ntchito anthu ena mobisa, osachita chidwi ndi malingaliro a eni. Khungu ladyera limayendetsedwa ndi kufunidwa kwa m'mimba ndipo kufa ndi njala ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mano a wolusa. Popanda chakudya, amafa pambuyo pa maola 7 - 9, ndi mitundu yaying'ono - itatha 5.

Kuposa theka la nthawi, 66,5%, nyamayo imakhala ikuyenda ndikuyang'ana kosalekeza kosakudya. Atatha kudya, amagona, ndipo akagona amangopita kukafunafuna chakudya ndipo masekondi otero masana amatha kuyambira 9 mpaka 15, kuchedwa kwambiri m'ndendoyi kumamuwonongera moyo. Mukasaka, zimakwera pafupifupi 2,5 km tsiku lililonse. Pakachepa, chakudya chimapita kumalo ena.

M'dzinja, makamaka nthawi yozizira, ochenjera amachepetsa ntchito, koma osagona. Khandalo silingadzikundikire nokha nyengo yachisanu ndipo limakakamizidwa kuzungulira ngakhale chisanu. Modabwitsa, nthawi zambiri amapulumuka mpaka nthawi yamasika. Kukhetsa kumachitika mu Epulo - Meyi komanso Seputembala - Okutobala, monga momwe mumakhalira anthu onse okhala ndi nyengo yamwambo. M'nyengo yozizira, khungu limakhala lophepuka. Phokoso limatha kufotokozedwa ngati kufinya, ma tweets kapena kuwoneka mochenjera. Amafalitsa makamaka pamsonkhano ndipo kumenya nkhondo kumatsatira.

Chosangalatsa: Choboola chaching'ono chimadya nthawi zokwanira 120 tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 50. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri ku Eurasia kuposa munthu wamba.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Achinyamata ometa

Ombawa sakhala limodzi ndipo akakumana amakwiya, amatsutsana ndikulira ndikutulutsa kununkhira kwawo. Wamphongo ndi wamwamuna amalumikizana kwakanthawi kochepa chabe, komwe kumakhalapo kangapo kumachitika katatu kapena kanayi kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.

Misonkhano itatha, chachikazi chimapeza chitsa chakale, chamtopola, chitsa, dzenje lopanda kanthu kapena kachitsotso ka burashi ndikupanga chisa cha udzu, mbewa kapena masamba. Chisa chimakhala chozungulira ndi chapakati pa 8-10 cm. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu itatu, mkaziyo amabereka ana (3) 6 - 8 (11). Kulemera kwa kachemwali ndi pafupifupi 0,5 g, kutalika kosachepera 2 cm, samawona, amakanidwa tsitsi komanso ngakhale phenoscis. Koma atatha masiku 22 - 25, m'badwo watsopano ndi wokonzeka kwathunthu kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo wamkazi ndi wokonzeka kubereka mwatsopano.

Achinyamata amayamba kukhwima chaka chotsatira, ngakhale zinyalala yoyamba yamasika ikhoza kubereka m'miyezi itatu kapena inayi.Kuthamanga kumakhala koyenera kokwanira - nyama zapamwamba sizikhala zaka zopitilira 2. Chomwe chili mawonekedwe a onse oimira zamtunduwu.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ngati chisa chili pachiwopsezo, amayi ndi ana ang'ono amtundu wina (akhola wamba, ashen) amapanga otchedwa "amphara" - mwana woyamba amagwira mayi pansi pamchira, ndipo enawo amakangamira momwemo. Chifukwa chake amayenda kukafunafuna pobisalira. Pali lingaliro linanso kuti iwo amawerenga mozungulira, zomwe amatchedwa "maulendo azachilengedwe."

Adani achilengedwe anzeru

Chithunzi: Grey Shrew

Aliyense ali ndi adani, ngakhale ana okakala mtima ngati amenewo. Ena amangowapha, pomwe ena amatha kudya ngati alibe fungo labwino.

• Zinyama zomwe zimadyera ku India, kuphatikiza amphaka, zomwe zimakonda kuponya nyama osadya,
• Zikhozi zimadya, ngakhale zimanunkhira,
• Alakatuli ndi zilombo zina zamasana,
• dokowe
• Njoka ndi njoka zina,
• nsomba zodya nyama yosambira,
• zomangira zimakhala zowopsa kwa wina ndi mnzake,
• majeremusi (helminths, utitiri ndi ena) ndi owopsa thanzi.

Nthawi zambiri mbewa zimagwirizana mwamtendere ndi anthu, ngakhale atha kugwidwa ndi zigawenga zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi mbewa ndi makoswe. Komabe, anthu amayambitsa zovulaza kwambiri mosazungulira - posintha malo mwa kuchulukana kwa mitengo komanso chitukuko cha mizinda, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Chosangalatsa: Pakufufuza kwa m'modzi mwa zigamba zodziwika bwino, mitundu 15 ya helminths ya ozungulira ndi mphutsi zopyapyala yapezeka. Mmodzi anali ndi mphutsi 497 zosiyanasiyana. Nachi zitsanzo wamba cha mgwirizano mu chilengedwe!

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi mbowo imawoneka bwanji?

Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri komanso yodziwika bwino ku Eurasia - cholembera wamba imatha kukhala ndi anthu 200 - 600 toyesa pa hekitala iliyonse. Chakudya chochulukirapo ndi malo obisika, komwe kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mitundu yofananira ya Europe mu masikono ndi yaying'ono, yaying'ono, mano ofanana ndi ena ambiri. Malo okhala komanso okhala anthu ambiri okhala ndi tundra ndi nkhalango ndi amitundu yambiri ya ku America.

Mitundu ina imakhala yakomweko, monga katemera wa Caucasus, wokhala m'nkhalango za Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia kapena Kamchatka kuchokera ku Kamchatka ndi gombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Koma osowa kwambiri, ochepa komanso omwe amapezeka m'dera laling'ono, samakhala pafupipafupi. Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi zopezeka kwawo.

• kachitsulo kakang'ono (S. minutissimus) kotetezedwa ku Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Kaluga,
• shrewed shrew (S. unguiculatus) ndi boluni woonda (Sorex gracillimus) ali mu Red Book of the Amur Region,
• shrew Radde (S. raddei) mu CC ya republic of North Caucasian angapo.
• Shrew yaying'ono (S. minutus) - Kupezeka kwa a Crimea. Zikatero, adalembedwanso mu Red Book of Moscow ngati chizindikiro cha nkhalango zomwe sizinawonongeke. Ngakhale sizowopsa zomwe zimawopseza malingaliro,
• equine shrew (S. isodon) imatetezedwa m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi Karelia. Gawo limakhala gawo la nkhalango ku Eurasia kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Pacific Ocean.

Kuteteza kwa wochenjera

Chithunzi: Shrew from the Red Book

Mu Red Book of Russia pali mtundu umodzi wokha: chimphona chachikulu. Inde, woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu. Gulu lachitatu ndi mtundu wosowa wokhala ndi zochuluka komanso zochepa. Malinga ndi IUCN, imagwera pagawo langozi kwambiri. Zokhala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika za Southern Primorye, zomwe zimapezeka m'malo atatu okha: m'malo osungirako Lazovsky ndi Kedrovaya Pad, komanso ku Lake. Hanka.

IUCN International Red Book imalemba:

• chachikulu-toothed shrew (S. macrodon) ndi mtundu wochepetsedwa wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Madera angapo amadziwika m'mapiri a Mexico m'nkhalango pamtunda wa 1,200 mpaka 2,600. Amapezeka pa malo 6,400 km², pafupifupi 33627 km estimated,
• mapiri a Carmen (S. milleri) - mitundu yosatetezeka. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zamapiri ku Mexico pamtunda wa mamitala 2,400-3,700.Mtundu woyeserera ndi 11,703 km²,
• Pribylovskaya shrew (S. pribilofensis) ndi mtundu womwe uli pangozi womwe umapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja kokha pachilumba chimodzi cha Pribylov (USA) ku Bering Sea. Dera la chilumbachi ndi 90 km². Chiwerengero cha mitundu 10000 - 19000 zidutswa,
• Sclateri shrew (S. sclateri) - mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Pali malo ena odziwika bwino ku Mexico. Amakhala munkhalango, dera lomwe amachepetsa. Palibe chomwe chimadziwika pazambiri
• San Cristobal shrew (S. stizodon) - mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Amakhala munkhalango zowirira. Malo amodzi amadziwika ku Mexico, mwamwayi pamalo otetezedwa.

Njira zotetezera sizinali zoyambira: kusungidwa kwa malo osasokoneza pomwe nyama zitha kukhala zokwanira kubereka. Zachilengedwe sizilekerera kusowa kwa ntchito. Chilengedwe chilichonse cha chilengedwe chimayenera kukhala, ndipo ngakhale zolengedwa za ephemeral zotere zomwe zimapezeka pafupi ndi kuthekera kwa mphamvu yamagazi ofunda zimapeza malo awo. Osati pansi pa dzuwa, koma mumithunzi ya zinthu zina - chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti shala akanakhoza kupulumuka.

Malingaliro ena:

Chapel kusamba kwa St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Kachisi polemekeza Chizindikiro cha Kazan cha Amayi a Mulungu

Mpingo Wakale Wa Okhulupirira Orthodox mdzina la Assume of the anadara a Mary

Tchalitchi cha Chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu "Chisangalalo kwa Onse Omwe Achita Chisoni"

Church of the Saints of Equal-to-Apostles Tsar Constantine ndi Amayi Ake Tsarina Elena

Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Synagogue yayikulu

Tchalitchi cha Kupembedzera kwa Namwali Woyera

Tchalitchi mdzina la St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Pokrovsky convent

Tchalitchi cha Chitetezo cha Namwali Woyera

Kachisi mdzina la Prince Alexander Nevsky

Tchalitchi cha Kukwezedwa Kwa Mtanda Woyera ndi Wopatsa Moyo

Kachisi polemekeza Chizindikiro cha Vladimir cha Amayi a Mulungu

Masika otentha (Nun-Latka)

St. Nicholas Monastery

Tchalitchi cha Chitetezo cha Namwali Woyera

Malo odziwika otchuka ndi olemekezeka kwambiri m'chigawo cha Saratov

Kusinthika Kwa Amonke

Gwero la St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

St. Nicholas Convent

Tchalitchi cha Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

Convent ya St.

Gwero la St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Kachisi Wotsogolera Mzimu Woyera

Gwero loyera la wofera wamkulu Panteleimon Mchiritsi

Woyera wamkulu Mkulu wa Angelo a Mulungu a Michael

Tchalitchi mdzina la Holy Equal-to-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir

Mpingo mdzina la St. Mitrofan, Bishop wa Voronezh

Nyama za mdera la Saratov

Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, malo odyetserako ziweto, minda ndi minda. Nyama imakonda malo omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Imatha kupezeka kutali ndi nkhalango kapena m'mphepete, m'malo otentha komanso m'mphepete mwa msewu, m'mphepete mwa msewu, minda, malo odyetsedwako, m'mipata yamtsinje. Amagwiritsa ntchito ming'alu pansi komanso mabowo kuti apange pothawirapo pake. Nthawi zina amagwira ntchito yomanga zisa zapansi. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka, akusamukira kumalo ena, okhala ndi zakudya zambiri.

Ngati cholembera chimasowa chakudya, chimatha kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, m'midzi ndi m'matawuni, kusamukira nyumba nthawi yozizira. Bulu laling'ono ili limakonda kwambiri kutentha kochepa. Ngati cholembera cha thermometer chatsika -5 madigiri, ndiye kuti satha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali m'mikhalidwe yotere.

Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, akangaude, nkhono, nyongolotsi ndi kafadala. Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya patsiku, ochenjera amayenera kudya chakudya kawiri kawiri kulemera kwake. Chifukwa chake, kusaka zakudya kumatenga nthawi yake yonse. Ndi gawo laling'ono lokha lomwe limatsalira kuti ugone.

M'nyengo yozizira, kufunika kwa chakudya kukakhala kwambiri, amathanso kudya mtundu wawo. Osanyoza ndi bowa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuchokera ku conifers. Ngati tsitsi loyera limasiyidwa popanda chakudya, imfa ndiyosatheka m'maola ochepa.

Nyamazi zimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, zimatha kugwira ntchito chaka chonse. Amakonda kuyenda nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. Nthawi yopuma komanso yodzuka nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi iwo, zophatikizira pakati pawo ndi maola awiri mpaka atatu.

Amakhala m'maenje, m'maenje a chitsa kapena mitengo yakugwa, pansi pa mitengo yakufa, ndipo ngakhale nyumba za anthu. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito zolinga zawozo zigamba ndi mayendedwe a nyama zina.

Nyengo yeniyeni ya nyama zomwe zimaberekazi sizikudziwika; akuti zimasiyana pakati pa Epulo ndi Seputembala. Wamkazi amakonzekeretsa chisa pamalo obisika kapena pansi pa chitsamba, amabweretsa tiana tating'ono tating'ono kwambiri mpaka 3 mpaka 10. Amalemera gramu imodzi yokha. Pakatha sabata limodzi kapena awiri, nyamazo zimatsegula maso, ndipo pofika tsiku la makumi anayi zimayamba kudziimira payekha. Anawo akapita kukayenda, amadziyendetsa m'kagulu kathu ka mtundu wawo, akumakanirira mano awo mchira wa mnzake yemwe akuyenda kutsogolo. Kulumikizana koteroko kumatha mpaka milungu inayi.

Pakuposa nyengo imodzi, buluzi wautali wautali amatha kubweretsa malita anayi. Mimba yake imatenga pafupifupi masiku 29, ndipo mkaka wa 19 - 20. Kukula mwakugonana kumachitika m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.

Pokhala ndi chikhalidwe choyipa, m'gawo limodzi sizingagwirizane ndi abale ake. Nthawi zina, osafuna kugawa malo omwe amakhala, ngakhale mukulimbana. Ndi pakamwa pawo potseguka ndikuwuma, ayamba kukhumudwitsa. Amalumphira ndi kudumpha wina ndi mnzake, kuyesera kugwira mdani. Atangochita bwino, nkhondo yeniyeni imayamba. Zidzatha pokhapokha m'modzi wa omwe akwatirana naye akusokonekera kwathunthu.

Kukhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, makatani okhala ndi mbewa zoyera sizosangalatsa mu mtundu wa chakudya cha ambiri omwe amadyera. Komabe cholakwika sichili chopinga cha kadzidzi, chofiyira ndi chala.

Mwambiri, nyama izi zimabweretsa thandizo lofunika pantchito yolima. Amawononga tizilombo toyipa m'malo omwe otetezedwa ena alibe mwayi wotere.

Ngati chiweto sichili pachiwopsezo, chimakhala ndi moyo mpaka miyezi 16.