Savka ndi bakha wokongola wapakatikati, thupi lake ndi 500-800 magalamu. Thupi la mbalameyo ndi wandiweyani, khosi limakhala lalifupi komanso lozama, mutu ndi waukulu.
Mu nyengo yakukhwima, chipewa chakuda chikuwonekera pamutu wa wamwamuna. Khosi la nthenga zakuda limakongoletsa khosi. Mphete ndi kumbuyo kwake kuli imvi yoyera yokhala ndi madontho amdima. Chifuwa komanso gawo lotsikira la khosi limakutidwa ndi nthenga zofiirira, m'mimba mwake ndi wachikasu. Mchira wakuda umapangidwa ndi magulu awiriawiri a nthenga zolimba.
Mapikowo ndi afupiafupi, chifukwa abakha sakonda kukwera kupita kuphiko kuchokera kuchosungira. Mlomo wooneka bwino wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo wamtunduwu umakula m'munsi. Miyendo imakhala yofiyira ndimatumbo akuda pakati pa zala, maso ndi achikasu.
Yaikazi imasiyana ndi yaimuna yokhala ndi mutu wa bulauni komanso khosi loyera. Chingwe chowala kwambiri chokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni kuyambira pamunsi pa mulomo mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Nthenga zakumbuyo kumbuyo kwake ndi matimaso akuda ndi mitundu yakuda. Pansi pa thupi pali zodetsedwa zachikasu. Matako a bakha ali ndi imvi ndipo amtambo wonyezimira, ndipo mulomo wake ndi wakuda, maso ndi achikasu.
Kufalitsa
Savka amakhala kumapiri, nkhalango zowirira, mapiri a North Africa ndi Eurasia. Kudera la Russia, mackerel amapezeka kunyanja za Sarpinsky, ku Central Ciscaucasia, kumwera kwa dera la Tyumen, ku nyanja ya Manych-Gudilo ndi Manych, pakati pa mitsinje ya Tobol ndi Ishim, kumtunda kwa Yenisei, m'dera la Kulunda. Kanyengo ka bata ku Turkey, North Africa, Iran, India, Pakistan.
Savka
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Makanda |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | Abakha enieni |
Onani: | Savka |
- Zisa zokha
- Chaka chonse
- Njira zosamukira
- Madera osamukira
- Maulendo apa ndege osadziwika bwino
- Mwinanso anasowa
Kuchulukitsa pa anzeru | Zithunzi pa Wikimedia Commons |
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Buku Lofiyira la Russia mawonedwe amazimiririka | |
Onani Zambiri Savka patsamba la IPEE RAS |
Savka (lat. Oxeura leucocephala) - mbalame ya abakha.
Zodziwika bwino
Savka ndi bakha wamba wamtali. Kutalika kwa 43 - 48 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 500- 900, kutalika kwa amuna amuna okwana 15,7 - 17.2 masentimita, akazi - 14,8 - 16.7 masentimita, mapiko 62 - 70 cm. mutu woyera wokhala ndi "kapu" wakuda, mlomo "wotupa" kumunsi, mtundu wa thupi umakhala ndi maluwa ofiira, abulauni, abulauni komanso osakhwima okhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono mumdima kapangidwe kake kapena mawonekedwe ake. Yaikazi imakhala ndi utoto wambiri ngati wamphongo, koma mutu ndiwofanana ndi thupi lonse ndipo umakhala wamtundu wakuda wonyezimira; mikwingwirima yayitali kutalika pamasaya ndi mawonekedwe, mulomo ndi imvi. Pachimuna atavala zovala zamkati, mlomo umachita imvi, "kapu" yakuda pamutu imakula. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, abambo omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda amakumana ndi masheya oyera pamasaya - kuchokera ku nthenga za munthu aliyense mpaka malo ophuka bwino, mulomo wawo ndi wa imvi kapena wabuluu - awa ndi mbalame zazaka zambiri. Achichepere amawoneka ngati achikazi, koma ochepa pang'ono, ndipo mikwingwirima pamasaya ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi kumakhala kopepuka, pafupifupi koyera. Ma jekete pansi ndi odera akuda okhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka pamasaya. Mukuvala konse komanso zaka zake, amakhala ndi njira yosambira ndi mchira wowoneka bwino wopangidwa ndi nthenga zolimba zokwezedwa pafupifupi.
Woimira yekhayo woyimira gulu lake Oxyurinae mu palearctic. Malinga ndi Red List of the Conservation Union (Red List IUCN) imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi (Endangered, EN).
Moyo
Moyo wonse wa Savka umadutsa pamadzi, samapita pamtunda. Mbali yodziwika ndi njenjete ndi kusambira kwawo ndi mchira wake wokwezedwa. Pangozi, bakha umamizidwa m'madzi mwakuya kwambiri, kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamasamba pake pamatuluka madzi. Savka imalowa pansi ndikusambira, kusambira pansi pa madzi 30 mpaka 40. Popeza itatuluka m'madzi, imatha kunyanjanso, imayamba kulowa pansi osachita phokoso, ngati kuti ikumira. Amachoka mosakakamira, ndikuyenda kwakanthawi kuti mphepo ithe. Ntchentche monyinyirika, pangozi imakonda kunyamuka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Njenjete zimadyera makamaka usiku, kuziluma mosiyanasiyana. Bakha amadya nkhono zam'madzi, nyemba zam'madzi ndi mphutsi zake, nyongolotsi, crustaceans, masamba ndi mbewu zam'madzi zam'madzi. Kafukufuku ku Spain adawonetsa kuti mphutsi za benthic chironomid ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya.
Kuswana
Ku Spain, kuledzera kwawonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, ndipo kubwezeretsa mazira kwawonedwa kuyambira Epulo. Ku Russia ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimachedwa kufika, chifukwa chake kuyikira mazira kumachitika kuyambira Epulo-Meyi (kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe) mpaka Juni-kumayambiriro kwa Julayi (Siberia). Nthawi yodzala mazira ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kwa akazi mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Mwina izi zimatsimikiziridwa pang'ono ndi kukhalapo kwa kubwereza kwapawiri. Chisa chimakonzedwa pamiyala yam'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa kutambalala kwakukulu kapena pazomera zazing'ono zamkati, ndikuziteteza pakati pamipanda ya bango. Zoyesa za bakha uyu zimapezeka m'malire a nkhanu ndi ma grebes. Mu clutch 4-9 (nthawi zambiri 5-6) mazira oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi chikaso chachikasu kapena chamtambo. Mu mackerel, monga momwe amachitira ma Anseriformes ena, pamakhala zochitika zapakati pa intraspecific ndi interspecific nesting parasitism. Pomwe amayi angapo akaikira mazira pachisa chimodzi (intraspecific nest parasism), kuchuluka kwa mazira mkati mwake kumatha kufika 10-12 ndipo ngakhale 23. Pali zochitika zamapangidwe ophatikizika amtundu wina ndi abakha ena (interspecific nest parasitism) - otupa wakuda, wofiyira-mutu, ofiira ndi mapira akhungu loyera. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amitundu yosiyanasiyana amadzitchinjiriza. Mazira ndi okulirapo - kutalika 60-80 mm, mainchesi mainchesi 45-58 mm. Kulemera kwa mazira omwe angoyambika kumene kumatha kufika magalamu 110 (pafupifupi magalamu 90). Kugona mazira akuluakulu kwambiri amadzi am'madzi, ochepera thupi. Unyinji wonse wa omanga amatha kufikira 100% ya kulemera kwa mzimayi wosabereka, ndipo kulemera kwa mazira amodzi kumatha kufika 15-20%. Kubwatcha kumatenga masiku 22-26. Mukukoka ndi maphunziro a anapiye, kutenga gawo kwamphongo sikunadziwike. Nthochi zimawoneka zazikulupo kuposa ma Anseriformes ena, kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo amatha kusambira ndikulumphira, akusambira pansi pamadzi mpaka mamita angapo. Yaikazi, monga lamulo, imasiyira ana masiku 15-20 atadulidwa. Poterepa, anapiye amatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala "kindergartens" ya anthu 75. Nthawi yanthawi yodzaza ndi masabata 8-10 (yayitali kuposa abakha ena ambiri). Akazi amatha kukhala okhwima pazaka chimodzi.
Zowopsa komanso zochepetsa
- American Savage HybridizationOxyura jamaicensis - Imawoneka ngati yowopsa kwa Savannah ku Europe. American Pigeon idatchuka ku UK, kuchokera komwe idafalikira kumayiko ena aku Europe, kuphatikiza Spain. Zophatikiza zamtunduwu ndizochulukirapo - mbadwa za m'badwo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu zidadziwika. Kufalikira kwina kwa nsomba zoyera za ku America ku Palearctic ndizowopsa, chifukwa maonekedwe ake, mwachitsanzo ku Russia kapena Turkey, atapatsidwa kukula kwakukulu kwa madambo komanso kusayang'anira bwino, zitha kubweretsa kufalikira kosasamala.
- Kusintha kwa nyengo zitha kubweretsa kusintha pamlingo wamadzi odulidwa m'malo a njenjete. Chilala chimakhala chowopsa, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi nkhokwe zomwe mbalame imakhala zimatha kuzimiririka kapena kuzimiririka. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale kusintha kochepa m'madzi m'matupi amadzi kungakhudze thanzi lawo, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka ndi zochitika zina zofunika. Chifukwa chake, magawo azambirizi a nyengo zamadontho amatha kukhala ovuta kuwerengera zodutsa, makamaka m'malo okhala kumwera.
- Chiwonongeko cha Habitat chokhudzana ndi zochita za anthu. Zochita zoyipa za anthu zimaphatikizapo kulima gombe la malo osungirazikubweretsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi komanso kuchuluka kwa siltation matupi amadzi, osiyanasiyana kukonzanso nthaka kumagwira ntchitozogwirizana ndi kukhetsa kwa zitsime zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuthirira, kupanga madamu, malo othirira, ndi zina zotere, kuphwanya lamulo la hydrological la reservoirs. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pansi panthaka kumabweretsa kutsika pamlingo wamalo oyandikira, kutchetcha kapena kuwotcha mabedi mabango amalepheretsa njenjete malo okhala zisa. Zochita zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lino pokhapokha patawuni ndi malo owoneka m'chipululu, ndiye kuti. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupanga madamu nthawi zina kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino, chifukwa kumatha kupanga malo abwino okhala (malo obisalamo, ma dziwe) kuti awotche.
- Chodetsa nkhawa. Mbalame yaying'ono imatha kuyanjana mosavuta ndi munthu, pokhapokha ikasokonezedwa nthawi zonse, ikukhala pafupi ndi chisa. Zikatere, mnzake amatha kuchoka pachisa kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mazira amakhala osavuta kuwadyera. M'malo osungira nyama omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosangalatsa (kusambira, kuyendetsa mabwato) kapena kusodza kwa mafakitale (nsomba, crustaceans), bakha amazimiririka, monganso mbalame zina zambiri zam'madzi.
- Kuwombera. Imfa pansi pa mfuti ndiyowopsa kwa mwana wang'ombe, makamaka m'malo momwe zimakhazikikirapo (asananyamuke, posamuka komanso nthawi yozizira). Kuwombera kumawerengedwa ngati chifukwa chachikulu chakutha kwa mitunduyi ku France, Italy, Yugoslavia ndi Egypt komanso chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero ku Spain mpaka ma 1970. Komabe, m'ma 1950-60s. mu Ili River Delta (Kazakhstan), mackerel anali 3,3 - 4.3% mu msodzi wa asaka. Mchigawo cha Petropavlovsk, gawo la njenjete mwa asodzi linali mu 1960s ndi 70s. 0,1 - 0,4%. Chitetezo chogwira ntchito ku Spain chidawonjezera kuchuluka kwakukulu - kuchokera kwa anthu mazana angapo mu 1970s. mpaka zikwi zingapo kumayambiriro kwa 2000s.
- Imfa mu maukonde asodzi. Kusodza kwambiri, mwachiwonekere, kumakhala ndi vuto ku nsomba zoyera, zomwe, kukhala bakha bakha, zimatha kukodwa mu maukonde okhazikika. M'mayiko angapo (Greece, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan) mazana a anthu amafa. Ndi uthenga wamwini. Mitropolsky O. V. m'malo ena osungirako ku Uzbekistan mu maukonde asodzi mpaka mbalame 20-30 tsiku lililonse.
- Kuipitsa kwamadzi. Zosungirako zomwe njenjazi imakhala nthawi zambiri sizithiridwa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chakuipitsidwa ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana (zamafuta ndi nyumba). Zinyalala zimatha kuthana ndi mbalame zonsezo, zimayambitsa poizoni, komanso zofunikira zamafuta, zimayambitsa poizoni kapena kuwononga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi zochulukitsa zochuluka zachilengedwe, matupi am'madzi amatha kuchulukana msanga ndi zomera ndi "udzu," zomwe zingayambitse kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo. Komabe, nthawi zina, kuipitsidwa kwamatupi amadzi kumatha, kuwonjezera, kupangira zida za njenjete, chifukwa kuchuluka kwazinyama za planktonic ndi benthic kumakhala m'malo osungiramo zachilengedwe.
- Kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala. Nthawi zina, kuyambitsidwa kwa mitundu yina m'matupi amadzi (muskrat, carp wamba) kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mabedi ndi kutsika kwa zinthu zamafuta. Zochitika zofananazo zimawonedwa ku Spain, pomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa carp kunayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa zida zamankhwala a moth ndi kuchuluka kwake.
- Adani achilengedwe. Kufa kwa mbalame zachikulire mwachidziwikire nkosowa, choopsa chachikulu kwa olusa a zisa za mackerel. Mwa mitundu iyi, ma gull, corvid ndi ma swamp harrows amadziwika. Ku Spain ndi North Africa, grey imayambitsa zisa kwambiri.
- Zotsogolera poyizoni ndi zida za mfuti. Ku Spain, kufa kwa mbalame chifukwa chotsogolera kulowa thupi ndi chakudya kumadziwika. Motsogolera amalowa mu chakudya kuchokera pa mfuti. Mwambiri, poizoni wotsogola amatha kuchitika kumadera ena.
Nthawi zambiri, kufa kwa bakha pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kumachitika chifukwa chotsika kuwerenga zachilengedwe anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo osaka, asodzi, eni madambo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zina zachilengedwe. Malo osungirako nyama a Savannahs amakwanira bwino ku UK. Ku Russia, malo okhawo osakira anzawo ndi Rostislav Alexandrovich Shilo Novosibirsk Zoo, komwe kuswana kwa bakha kumeneku kwakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 2013, ndipo kuyambira 2018, mbalame zodulidwa zimatulutsidwa kuthengo.
Zambiri za biology ndi ecology
Zingwe zimakonzedwa m'mbali mwa nyanja yamatupi amadzi pakati pamitengo ya bango kapena malo ogulitsa. Mulole zokhala zisa zopanga abakha. Mu clutch mpaka mazira 9.
Pakusunthika kwa kasupe ku East Azov Nyanja, bakha wokhala ndi mutu woyera amalembedwa nthawi zina kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mu yophukira, mbalame zinajambulidwa mkati mwa Okutobala.
Pa gombe la Black Sea (Imereti Lowland) linaonedwa koyambirira kwa Meyi. Maziko a zakudya zamtunduwu ndi algae, gawo lamasamba ndi mbewu za mtima zam'madzi za hydrophytes.
Kuchuluka ndi zochitika zake
Chiwerengero cha padziko lapansi cha mitunduyi chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 15-18,000. Chiwerengero chomwe chikuyembekezeka ku Russia ndi awiriawiri ndi mazana awiri ndi awiri. Mu CC, nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
M'mbuyomu kuswana kwachilendo kwa mackerel kumadziwika m'zigawo zina za East Azov Sea, komanso kumalire a Krasnodar. M'mapepala osiyanasiyana a kudasefukira kwamadzi, mpaka pamisonkhano isanu ndi itatu ya mitundu iyi mwezi uliwonse idalembedwa.
Pakadali pano pali zidziwitso zokhazokha za mbalame zomwe zimakumana nthawi yayitali. Zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya zachilengedwe ku CC sikupitilira 2-5 awiriawiri. Pakusamukira komanso kukazizira, mackerel ndi osowa kwambiri, omwe amakhala ndi anthu osakwatira.
Mawonekedwe
Thupi ndi lolemera, kukula kwake ndi kwapakati. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 43-48 ndi kulemera kwa 580-750 g. Mapikowo ndi 65-70 cm. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. M'nyengo yakukhwima, amuna amakhala ndi mutu woyera wokhala ndi mutu wakuda. Mlomo watupa pansi ndipo uli ndi mtundu wabuluu. Thupi limakutidwa ndi maula ofiira amdima, limaphatikizidwa ndi timitseko tating'ono. Akazi, mutu umakhala ndi mtundu wa imvi ngati thupi. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, pafupi ndi maso pali mizere yakutsogolo. Mwamuna, ataswana, mulomo amakhala ndi imvi. Mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati zazikazi.
Njira zofunikira komanso zowonjezera chitetezo
Kapangidwe ka SPNAs ku KOTR mdera lomwe madzi osefukira, komwe kupezeka kwa mitunduyi kumadziwika. Ntchito yowunikira pakati pa anthu pena paliponse pakuwombera kuwombera kwa bakha awa.
Magwero achidziwitso. 1. Dinkevich et al., 2004, 2. Kazakov, 2004, 3 Linkov, 2001c, 4. Buku Lofiyira la USSR, 1984, 5. Ochapovsky, 1967a, 6. Ochapovskiy, 1971b, 7. Plotnikov et al., 1994 8. Tilba et al., 1990, 9. IUCN, 2004, 10. Zambiri zosasindikiza kuchokera kwa wopanga. Wolemba. P.A. Tilba.
Chithunzi (chithunzi): https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1678045
Bakha wachilendo wa kukula kwapakatikati (43-48 masentimita, kulemera kuchokera 0.4 mpaka 0,9 kg). Chikazi chimakhala cha bulauni, champhongo chimayimira mutu woyera, pomwe mnzake adalandira dzina lachiwiri - bakha wopanda mutu. Amakhulupirira kuti wokwatirana ndi mtundu wa mitundu.
Nyama zambiri za m'madzi zimapezeka m'malo okhala okhaokha komanso m'malo owuma. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi kuyambira kumadera a Caspian ndi Lower Volga kumadzulo kupita kumadera a Tuva ndi Ubsunur kum'mawa, komanso ku Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Tajikistan. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala kumpoto kwa India, ku Pakistan, Western Asia, komanso kugombe lakumpoto kwa Africa. Nyengo za nyengo ya Krasnovodsk Bay, dera la Hasan-Kuli, komanso ku India, Pakistan, Western Asia, kugombe lakumpoto kwa Africa.
Mutha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo Savka mwa njira yosambira ndi mchira wake womwe umakhala wokhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala pamwamba pamadzi, koma pachiwopsezo amiza thupi lonse m'madzi kuti pamwamba pomwe kumbuyo kokha, imasambiranso ndi mafunde amadzi ambiri. Savka amasambira molongosoka ndikutsamira modabwitsa, kulolera pamenepa, mwina, kokha kwa cormorant ndi loon. Imatha kusambira pansi pamadzi, kusuntha mbali, mpaka 30-40 m. Imamizidwa popanda kaphokoso, ngati kuti kumira, kutuluka m'madzi, kuthanso kulowa pansi ndi kusambira pansi pamadzi pamtunda womwewo.Imawuluka mosasamala komanso kawirikawiri, sipamapita kumtunda. Moyo wake wonse ukupita pamadzi.
Njenjete imadya masamba ndi njere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi, komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi, anyani ndi crustaceans. Bakha uyu amangokhala zodumphira m'madzi okhala ndi bedi ndi mabedi am'mchenga komanso otseguka komanso masamba abwino am'madzi. Zingwe zimayandama, pakati mabango, pansi pake. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira 6, omenyera kukula kwake: ndi okulirapo kuposa mazira ammallard ndipo ali ofanana ndi mazira a nkhumba. Chisa, m'malo mwake, ndizochepa. Mazira ndi oyera. Wamkazi m'modzi amapanga mazira.
Mkazi yemwe amakaswa samatha kugwidwa mchisa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mazira. Amakhulupirira kuti mazira akuluakulu a bakha uyu amafunikira kuwotha kokha koyamba, ndipo mazira omwe akupanga mwa iwo posachedwa amatha kukhala ndi mwayi wodziimira payekha, kuonetsetsa kuti akupitilizabe kukula. Pali milandu yodziwika pamene mazira a chipewa amatengedwa kuchokera ku zisa zosaswa, zomwe zinali mzipinda zopanda magetsi, zimakhazikika bwino ndipo patatha sabata limodzi anapiye adaswedwa. Anapiye okhala pansi amakhala ndi nthenga zovuta kumchira. Ming'alu imakweza mchira wawo, monga mbalame zazikulu. Kusaka bakha m'dziko lathu ndikuloletsedwa, mitunduyo yalembedwa
Bakha osowa - bakha - ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, omwe amatha kuwoneka pazithunzi zomwe zidawonetsedwa m'nkhani yathu. Savage ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, kuionera imapereka chisangalalo chenicheni kwa okonda mbalame zenizeni.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Oimira amtunduwu moyo wawo wonse amakhala pamadzi ndipo samapita kumtunda. Kusambira ndi mchira wokwezedwa. Amatha kusambira pansi pamadzi mpaka 40 metres. Kuyenda popanda kuwaza komanso kungokhala chete. Amawuluka kawirikawiri komanso mosasamala. Amadyetsa usiku kwambiri, kulowa m'madzi akuya. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi chakudya chomera komanso nyama. Awa ndi masamba, mbewu za m'madzi am'madzi, mabulangete, tizilombo vam'madzi, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, ndi crustaceans.
Malo okhala Habitat
Savka imakonda kukhazikika m'malo opanda madzi komanso abwino, omwe m'mphepete mwake mumakhala mabedi ogona. Chofunika ndicho kupezeka kwa malo omera komanso zomera zambiri zam'madzi. Nthawi zina pakati pa gulu la ma grebes kapena gull. Kugona nyengo yachisanu kumakhala nyengo panyanja zopendekeka komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pouluka, bakha wokhala ndi mutu woyera amatha kuwoneka ngakhale pamitsinje yamapiri.
Squig amadya mwala wabwino, tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'madzi, mphutsi, mbewu ndi masamba a dziwe, crustaceans, mollusks.
Zokhudza machitidwe a anawo
Tikasambira, bakuluyo amatula mchira wake. Pamadzi amakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Adani akaoneka, amadzuka, kusiya gawo laling'ono kumbuyo kwa madzi. Momwemonso, imasambira ndi mafunde amphamvu. Pansi pamadzi, bakha wokhala ndi mutu woyera amakhala ndi chidaliro, osati otsika mu scuba kutsamira kwa loons ndi cormorants.
Mbalame imatha kusambira popanda kukwera pamwamba pa madzi, 30-30 metres. Mukamizidwa, simapanga kuphipha, kutuluka m'madzi, bakha amatha kuyambiranso kusambira pansi pamadzi. Abakha ndi ntchentche zoyipa, samapita kumtunda. Madzi ndi malo odalirika ndipo njenjete siziyisiya popanda zosowa zapadera.
Mkhalidwe wamgulu
Savka ndi bakha wosowa. Amalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation ngati mtundu wowopsa. Mkhalidwe - gulu 1. Pagawo la dziko lathu pali malo ambiri omwe zisa za minket zimakhalapo. Mitundu ya mbalame imatetezedwa m'malo osungirako komanso osungidwa omwe amakhala ku Western Siberia ndi Ciscaucasia. Njira zoyeserera kuteteza chilengedwe sizinachite bwino.