Sonya Polchok ofanana kwambiri ndi gologolo. Chimakhala pamitengo yambiri ku Russia ndipo chimadya zipatso, mtedza ndi mbewu. Nyama izi zimasungidwa kunyumba pogula pa malo ogulitsa ziweto. Ma reg-regiments amasiyanitsidwa ndikuti amagona kwambiri masana ndipo amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku - chifukwa cha moyo uno, makoswe awa adadziwika ndi dzina.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Sonya-polchok ndi nyama yokhala m'banja la sony. Awa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi mbewa. Kutalika kwa thupi kutengera ndi mitunduyo kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Zimasiyana ndi mbewa chifukwa mchira wake ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi - izi zimachitika chifukwa cha njira yogona tulo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakwera mitengo ndi mitengo.

Chosangalatsa: Mchira wamtundu wina wamakhosi ogona nawonso ndi njira yopulumutsira. Ngati mdani azigwira mchira, ndiye kuti khungu lakumwambalo limathothoka mchira ndipo nyumba yogona pansi imathawa modekha, kusiya adaniwo ndi khungu lakelo.

Sony sanatchulidwepo mwamwayi - amakhala moyo wamadzulo, ndipo amagona masana. Ngakhale ali gawo la makoswe, zakudya zawo zimakhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana, kutengera mtundu wa carotid. Zodzikongoletsera ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zinyama. Sony ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 28, yomwe imagawidwa m'mitundu isanu ndi inayi.

Habitat Sony-Polchka

Pali chipinda chochezera mu Europe ndi Asia Asia. Ku Russia, mtunduwu umakhala pakati komanso kum'mwera kwambiri. Ochuluka kwambiri ku Caucasus, Transcaucasia ndi Carpathians. Amakhala munkhalango zowirira ndipo imakhala yayitali ya oak, beech, Hornbeam, yosakanikirana ndi mitengo yazipatso zamtchire komanso ndi dimba lambiri la hazel, hawthorn, dogwood. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda ya zipatso ndi minda ya mpesa. Chimakhala chotseka nkhalango zambiri zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, minda yaying'ono ndi zitsamba, kupatula mtedza. Imakonda nkhalango zazikulu, ndizosowa kwambiri m'nkhalango zachilumba.

Kufotokozera kwa gulu lankhondo, chithunzi

Sonya-polchok ndiye woimira wamkulu wamaso ogona, amawoneka ngati gologolo, koma wopanda maliseche m'makutu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mpaka 18 cm, mchirawo ndi 10-15 masentimita, chinyama chimalemera pafupifupi 170 g. Mutu wachipilambachi ndi wozungulira, muzzle ndi wakuthwa, maso ndi akulu komanso otambalala, makutu ndi afupi komanso ozungulira. Pali zopondera lakuthwa pamawoko kuti ziwathandize kukwera mitengo bwino.

Ubweya wa sony-polka umakhala ndi nyemba wowoneka bwino, kutalika kwake kuyambira 19 mpaka 23 mm, ndi kutalika, kumtunda kwake. M'malingaliro osiyanasiyana, mtundu wa ubweya umasinthika kwambiri, umawonedwanso potengera malo, nthawi ya chaka komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama. Chithunzi cha Reg regiment chikuwonetsa kuti sichitali, koma chabwino.

Nthawi zambiri kamvekedwe ka mbali yakumwamba ya thupi kama phulusa imvi. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala mopepuka, pang'ono pang'ono. Gawo lam'munsi la thupi lakumaso lpaka utoto wamtundu wakuda. Tsitsi lotsalira lakumbuyo, kupatula tsitsi lakuda kwathunthu pachoteracho, ndi la imvi, koma ambiri aiwo ali ndi nsuzi zofiirira. Kuchuluka kapena kachulukidwe kotsirizira kwake kamasintha mtundu kuchoka ku imvi yolingana kukhala imvi ndi zokutira zolimba zofiirira. Utoto wamtali wa theka lonse la thunthu ndi mutu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka umatsitsidwanso mbali yakunja ya kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa msana, m'mimba mwa chinyama, chifuwa, mmero, masaya ndipo mkati mwa malekezero ndi a imvi, pafupifupi oyera. Kupyola pa kuwala kwapafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi zina kamvekedwe koyera ka m'munsi pamimba, mtundu wamtundu wamtambo wa tsitsi umakhala wopepuka. Mchira wautali, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi losalala kumbali yakumwambako, theka loloyera, mumtundu nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi mtundu wa msana, pomwe winayo umasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kapena wamtundu wakuda. Gawo lam'munsi la mchira wake limakhala lopepuka komanso ndi chingwe chopepuka pachingwe.

Sonya Polchka moyo

Chizindikiro cha sayansi ya maphwando ndi kufupika kwa nthawi yogwira - miyezi 4 yokha pachaka (nthawi zina ochulukirapo), miyezi 8 yotsalayo gulu limakhala mu hibernation. Nyama imabisala mu Okutobala-Novembala, ndipo imadzuka mu Meyi-Juni, nthawi zina ngakhale mu Julayi.

Sonya-polchok kuposa mchipinda china chokhala ndi moyo wokonda kuzungulira, sikuti amatsikira pansi. Nthaka nthawi zambiri zimakonza m'mabowo kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zisa za agologolo, nthawi zina kagulu kakang'ono kumakhala mu chitsa chovunda, pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena m'miyala yamiyala.

Malowedwe ake amakonda kukhala pawekha, koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira m'magulu, kusonkhana munjira imodzi - kumakhala kotentha.

Sonya Polchok ndi nyama usiku. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ya "m'bandakucha", ntchito ya gululi imakulirakulira ndikuyamba kwamdima ndipo imapitilira mpaka mbandakucha. Monga lamulo, palibe kusokonezeka kwa zochitika usiku. Usiku, i.e. kutsekeka kwa ntchito kokha kufikira nthawi yamdima wathunthu kumapangitsa gulu lonselo kutengera utali wa usiku, ukulu wake womwe umasinthasintha kwambiri nyengo ya chilimwe-yophukira. Ngati theka lachiwiri la Juni gululi litha kugwira ntchito kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi ndi theka, ndiye kuti m'tsogolo ntchito zake zimachulukana pang'onopang'ono ndipo mkati mwa Ogasiti ndi maola 9, ndipo pofika nthawi yake, hibernation, nthawi yomwe ntchito ikuwonjezereka imafika mpaka maola 13. Kodi mchipinda chogona chitha kukhala chogwira ntchito masana? Funso ili lingayankhidwe motsimikiza. Nyama zazing'ono ndizofala makamaka masana kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha. Alumali yomwe imasungidwa kunyumba nthawi zambiri imachoka masana kuchokera kumalo ake osungira zakudya ndikudya.

Khalidwe lakale la maphwando, kutalikirana kwa nthawi yayitali komanso malo okhala munkhokwe zam'nkhalangoyi zimazindikira kuti m'zakudya za nyama ndi mbalame zonse zodya nyama, gululo likhala kutali ndi malo oyamba. Komabe, Sonya ali ndi adani okwanira: marten, weasels, ferrets, lynxes, ankhandwe, ndi amphaka pafupi ndi nyumba. Zikhozizi ndi zowuluka zimadyera nyama kwa mbalame.

Kuswana

Atangochoka kumakomo, gulu lankhondo lankhondo ladzikoli limayamba nthawi yoswana. Pakadali pano, magawo okhala m'nkhalangozi okhala ndi phokoso lodzaza ndi phokoso komanso kufinya kwa amuna akuthamanga ndikumenya nkhondo. Malo osangalatsawa omwe amakhala mu Julayi.

Kutalika kwa nthawi ya bere ku Sonya-Polchka titha kuwaona ngati masiku 20-25, ndichifukwa chake amasiyana kwambiri makoswe ena awiri - chipmunk (masiku 30-35) ndi gologolo (masiku 35 mpaka 40). Mu zinyalala nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira 3-5. Kulemera kwa zatsopano kumakhala pafupifupi 2.5 g, kutalika kwa thupi - 30 mm. Ng'ombe zimamera ndikukula msanga, patsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la moyo, zimachulukana molemera kuposa nthawi 4 ndipo zikuyamba kukula ubweya. Maso amaphulika molawirira: kumalo komwe kumakhala sabata, zomwe zapangika m'munsi zikuwonetsa kale, patsiku la 20 - zofunikira zapamwamba, makutu otseguka ndipo maso akuyamba kutseguka. Nthawi yomweyo, pali ubweya wofulumira mwachangu komanso wamkati ndi tsitsi la mchira. Kwa pafupifupi masiku 25-30, makanda amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, kenako amapita kukadyetsa okha ndikusiyana ndi achikulire ochepa okha, mawonekedwe a tsitsi, komanso mkhalidwe wamano.

Kodi mchipinda chodyeramo amadya chiyani?

Maziko a chakudya ndi ndiwo zamasamba - Zomera zamasamba, mbewu ndi zipatso (mtedza wa beech, ma acorn, ma hazelnuts, maapulo, mapeyala, yamatcheri, mphesa, ndi zina).

Chipatso cha beech chomwe nyamayo imayamba kudya sichinapepukidwe, nthawi yomwe chimanga chimapangidwa, ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito chakudyacho kufikira chikutha. Amangodya njere yokha, alumali kwambiri amakhala ndi mano. Acorn amaphatikizidwanso muzakudya za nyama, koma pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mtedza wa beech.

Ndi chilala, Sonya amadya maapulo, mapeyala, ndi zipatso za beech, amatha kuzidya zosapsa. Mu theka lachiwiri la Juni, kumadera akumwera, ma cherries omwe akhwima kale ndiwo chakudya chachikulu chomera. Amangodya zamkati wa zipatso, mashelufu amawawononga mwachangu kwambiri. Hazelnuts amadyedwa pakati kuchokera pachiyambitsireni chonse kuti zivunde. Kwambiri mwakufuna amadya dormouse ndi mtedza. Zomera zobiriwira zomwe mashelufu amatenga zipatso, nyama sizinyalanyazanso. Kuchokera pachakudya cha nyama, alumali nthawi zina amadya slugs, mbozi, kafadala ndi mbewa. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri Sonya amakhala nthawi yopitilira zaka zopitilira zitatu, kunyumba makope awo amakhala atali pang'ono.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi nyumba yogona alendo imawoneka bwanji?

Sonya Polchok ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wamakutu ogona. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumayambira 13 mpaka 8 cm, ndipo unyinji wa amuna umatha kufika pa 180 g, ngakhale kunyumba sony imatha kunenepa kwambiri. Sonya-polchok amawoneka ngati gologolo wa imvi, koma ndi malamulo osintha pang'ono.

Gulu lake lakhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono komanso maso akulu akuda. Mphuno ndi yayikulu, yosakutidwa ndi ubweya, pinki. Malo amdima kapena amdima amaso akuwoneka pafupi ndi maso. Mphuno imakhala ndi tsitsi lolimba angapo - masharubu, omwe ndi osamala kwambiri ndipo amathandiza kugona kugona posaka chakudya.

Thupi limakhala lokwera, komwe limawonekera pokhapokha nyumba yoyenda ikuyenda. Mchira waufupi nthawi zina umafanana ndi agologolo mu ubweya wake, koma, monga lamulo, nyumba yakugonera sikhala ndi chophimba kwambiri pamchira. Chovala chambiri chimakhala chachitali komanso chofewa. Mimba, khosi komanso mkati mwa paws ndi zoyera. Ubweya ndi wocheperako, koma kwakanthawi kochepa unkayamikiridwa pakati pa osaka. Mitundu ya Sonya imakhala ndi chivundikiro chowonda chomwe chimawalola kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Ma thunzi otsetsereka ndi osakhazikika, okhala ndi zala zazitali, zopanda ubweya.

Kwambiri mafoni - zala zoyambirira ndi zachisanu, zomwe zimabwezedweratu zala zina. Izi zimalola Sonya-Polch kuti azigwira mwamphamvu panthambi za mitengo ndikukhalanso mphepo.

Palibe lingaliro logonana pakati pa malo ogona. Amadziwika kuti amuna amitundu yozungulira amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri komanso zazikulu kuposa zazikazi. Komanso, amuna amakhala ndi mphezi zakuda kuzungulira maso, ndipo mchirawo umakhala wosalala, nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi agologolo.

Kugawa

Mitunduyi imakhudza ambiri ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Asia Minor. Pamakhala nkhalango zambiri zotambalala kumapiri ndi kumapiri. Imapezekanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, mitengo yazipatso yosakanizika ndi mitengo ya hazel ndi mitengo yamtchire.

Kodi mchipinda chogona chimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Sonia-nyama yaying'ono

Sonya-polchok ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yogona tulo.

Poyamba, okhala m'chipinda chogona amakhala m'malo otsatirawa:

Pambuyo pake, ma reg-regiments adabwera ku UK, kumapiri a Chiltern. Komanso anthu ochepa amapezeka pakati pa zisumbu za Nyanja ya Mediterranean: Sardinia, Sisili, Corsica, Corfu ndi Krete. Nthawi zina amapezeka ku Turkmenistan ndi Ashgabat.

Russia ili ndi anthu mosiyanasiyana ndi Dormouse, mtunduwu umakhala pawokha m'malo ambiri akulu. Mwachitsanzo, amakhala ku Kursk, kufupi ndi mtsinje wa Volga, ku Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia ndi Bashkiria.

Kumpoto kulibe ambiri aiwo - pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Oka, poti anthu pawokha satha kuzolowera kutentha pang'ono. Kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe kwa Russia kulibe gulu konse, koma limapezeka pafupi ndi tsinde la Caucasus. Anthu ambiri a Sonya regiment amakhala ku Isthmus of Caucasus ndi ku Transcaucasia.

Chodabwitsa cha gulu la Sonya ndikuti samatsikira pansi kuchokera pamitengo, kuyenda kokha limodzi ndi nthambi ndi zitsinde zazikulu. Padziko lapansi, manda ali pangozi kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, regiments ya Sonya imakhala yodziwika kokha m'malo omwe muli mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kanyumba ikukhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe makoswewo amadya.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Sonya Polchok mwachilengedwe

Malo okhala ndi Sonya amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zophatikizika, komwe gawo lawo lalikulu limapezeka. Usiku, regiments ndi nyama zachikulire komanso zachangu zomwe zimayenda pammbali pamitengo ndikulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi.

Masana, Sonya amagwirizanitsa kugona, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asakhale ochepa osakidwa ndi adani. Amapanga zisa m'maenje a mitengo, nthawi zambiri - m'miyala ndi mizu. Ming'oma imakhomeredwa ndi udzu, nkhuni zakufa, moss, bird fluff ndi mabango.

Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ya Sony imakonda malo okhala mbalame ndi zina zokhala ndi zisa zam'makoma, kukonza malo omwe amakhala nawo pamwamba pawo. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zachikulire nthawi zambiri zimasiya kuwuluka chisa, chifukwa chomwe zimagundana ndi anapiye ake.

M'nyengo yotentha, magawo azinthu akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo nyengo yozizira ikayamba kutentha - izi zimayamba pafupifupi mwezi wa Okutobala. Monga lamulo, iwo amagona mpaka Meyi kapena June, koma miyezi ingasiyane kutengera malo okhala ndi makoswe. Nyama zimakonda kukhala m'magulu, ngakhale zimakhazikika paokha.

Usiku wamtundu wamtunduwu wamtambo umamangirizidwa ndi maola masana, osati kutengera nthawi yanthawi. Usiku ukafupikitsidwa, regiments imafupikitsanso nthawi yawo yochita, komanso mosemphanitsa. M'malo mwake, regiments ya Sonya amatha kukhala otakataka masana, kudya ndi kuyenda, koma izi zimapangidwa ndi owopsa ambiri masana.

Kunyumba, regimenti za Sony zimazolowera moyo wamasana. Sonya wamkulu kuchokera kwa obereketsa amayenda mosavuta m'manja mwawo, kuzindikira munthu wawo ndi fungo ndi mawu, kukonda kuswedwa. Amakwera mwachidwi ndi munthu, akumamuwona ngati mtengo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Achinyamata Sony-Polchok

Pafupifupi milungu iwiri atachoka hibernation, dormouse imayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Amuna amakhala ndi phokoso kwambiri: usiku uliwonse amayesa kukopa zazikazi ndi kufufuma, komanso amakangana ndewu wina ndi mnzake. Mu Julayi monsemu, ma regimenti a Sony amachita mwanjira iyi, kufunafuna wokwatirana naye.

Mkazi akasankha wamwamuna, matani amapezeka. Pambuyo pake, wamkazi ndi wamwamuna samawonananso, ndipo machitidwe onse a Sonya amabwerera kumoyo wawo wamtendere.

Mimba yachigulu limatenga masiku 25, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chipmunks ndi agologolo. Sonya-polchok amabereka ana a 3-5 osalemera kuposa magalamu awiri ndi theka. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyumba yogona kumene kuli pafupifupi 30 mm. Popeza zimabadwa zopanda thandizo lililonse, makanda amtundu wa makolo amakula msanga, tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri yokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda.

Patsiku la 20, mano amawadula madongosolo, ndipo kukula amakula nthawi 5. Chophimbacho ndichophatikizika, mkati mwake mumatuluka kansalu. Kufikira masiku 25, anawo amadya mkaka, ndipo atatha kupeza chakudya payekha.

Masiku asanu oyambilira atachoka pachisa, Sonya regiments ali pafupi ndi amayi awo, ndipo zitatha izi amatha kutulutsa chakudya mosadalira. Pazonse, regiments ya Sony imakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi theka, koma kunyumba, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimakwera mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Adani achilengedwe a Sony-Polch

Chithunzi: Kodi nyumba yogona alendo imawoneka bwanji?

Sonya Polchka adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa adani achilengedwe chifukwa cha moyo wake wamadzulo. Chifukwa chake, adani ake okha ndi kadzidzi, makamaka, kadzidzi. Mbalamezi zimagwira theka kuchokera ku nthambi zamitengo, ngati nyamayo ilibe nthawi yobisala m'dzenje kapena m'phaka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ku Roma wakale, nyama yamankhwala amtundu wa Sonya imawonedwa ngati chakudya chabwino, ngati nyama yamakedzana ambiri. Amaphikidwa ndi uchi ndipo ankawukhira m'minda yapadera.

Zingwe za m'nkhalango nazonso ndizowopsa m'chipinda chogona. Nyama izi zimatha kubisala ndikukwera kutalika kwamitengo, kotero nthawi zina zimatha kugwira tulo tating'ono. Komanso, zonyansa zimakwera mosavuta m'nyumba zobisika zam'chipinda chogona, kufunkhira zisa zawo ndikupha ana.

Malangizo a Sony satha kudziteteza kwa adani, chifukwa chake angathawe ndikubisala. Komabe, bambo akafuna kugwira mchipinda chodyera, nyamayo imaluma ikafika komweko.

Chifukwa chake, ma dormouse dodges omwe agwidwa kuthengo sangathe kubereka. Zinyama zokhazokha zokha zomwe zimabadwira pafupi ndi anthu zomwe zimatha kukhala bwino kunyumba, kuzolowera mwini wakeyo osawona mdani mwa iye.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Sonia-nyama yaying'ono

Ngakhale kuti ubweya wa Sony-Polch ndi wokongola komanso wofunda, unkakololedwa wochepa pokha. Mu 1988, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book ku Tula ndi Ryazan, koma posakhalitsa chiwerengerochi chidayamba kuchira. Ngakhale madera a Sonya ali ochepa malo awo, njira zobwezeretsanso ndi kuteteza nyanjazi sizofunikira.

Kuchuluka kwa dormouse dormouse kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Transcaucasia chikuvutikira kwambiri, pomwe pali kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kulima kwatsopano kwa mbewu zaulimi. Komabe, izi sizotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Kummwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe kuli anthu ochepa mitu. Mashevu amakhazikika pafupi ndi mizinda ndi matauni kuti adye kuchokera ku minda ya mpesa, minda yazipatso ndi minda yolima, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina imakhazikika. Izi sizikhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mapanda.

Kuphatikiza apo, regiments ya Sonya ndi nyama zomwe ndizosavuta kubereka kunyumba. Samafunikira magawo okhathamira kwambiri, amadya chakudya chilichonse cha makoswe, masamba, zipatso ndi zosakaniza zamasamba. Ma regimenti a Sony ndi ochezeka kwa anthu ndipo ngakhale amabala mu ukapolo.

Zingwe zazing'onozi ndizofala kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi. Sonya Polchok akupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo wawo, ngakhale nyengo ndi nyengo zasintha komanso kudula mitengo. Zolocha zikuzolowera moyo watsopano, ndipo sizinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziberekenso.

Ntchito

Nyama zoyenda kwambiri, zimathamanga mosavuta ngati nthambi zowonda komanso mitengo yaying'ono yosalala, nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pansi, kumamatirira kunthambi ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Kudumpha pang'ono. Sony - nyama zaposachedwa, ntchito zimayamba madzulo. Ali ku ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amachoka pogona masana. Amakhala m'malo obowola mitengo, nthawi zina kumangokhala pakati pa mizu yamitengo kapena kupanga zisa zakunja. Mukugwa, mafuta amasonkhana, amapezeka mpaka 25-40% ya kulemera kowonjezera. M'nyengo yozizira, amagwera hibernation (kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Epulo). Nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira mumabowo, nthawi zina amasonkhana anthu angapo.

Khalidwe pamagulu

Nyama zimakhala pamasamba ocheperako, zomwe zimawonetsa kukonda malo awo. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayo imakhala moyo wake wonse pamalo a mahekitala 15 mpaka 20, kutali ndi chisa cha mayi. Akazi amakonda kwambiri malo okhala zocheperako kuposa amuna. Mwa anthu, nyama za mibadwo 4-5 nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi imodzi.

Mkhalidwe wamtundu wa zachilengedwe kudera ladzikolo komanso oyandikana nawo

Mitunduyi idalembedwa m'mabuku a Red ndipo imatetezedwa ku zigawo za Moscow (mph. 3), Nizhny Novgorod (mphaka 4) komanso ku Republic of Mordovia (mphaka 3), ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikizidwe mu Red Book la dera la Tula. (cat. 3). Kudera la Tambov adalembedwera mitundu yomwe ikufunika kuwunikira ndikuwonetsetsa. Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN, Appendix III ya Berne Convention.

Habitats ndi biology

Sonya-polchok ndiye woimira wamkulu wa ogona, pakugawa kwake amalumikizana kwambiri ndi gawo la nkhalango zowuma. Imakhala m'malo omwe amakhala ndi thundu, beech, hazel, mitengo yazipatso zamtchire. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'minda yayikulu. Mwa abale ake onse, ndiye mtundu womwe umakonda kwambiri zachilendo, umakwera bwino mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi zowonda, umadumphira pamtunda waukulu mpaka 10. Maziko a zakudya ndizakudya chomera: ma acorn, mtedza, zipatso, zipatso, njere, mpaka pang'ono - masamba ndi mphukira. Kudyetsa nyama (aulesi, mbozi, milili, njoka) ndi gawo lachiwiri. Sonya-Polchok amagwira ntchito kuyambira madzulo kufikira m'mawa. Amakonzekera kumanga zisa m'misasa yodalirika - m'maenje, m'matumbo a mitengo ikuluikulu, m'miyala yochitira mbalame. Malo obisalako nthawi yachisanu ndi mitengo, mabowo ndi m'miyendo pansi pa mizu yamitengo ndi zitsa, yotetezedwa ku kutentha kwambiri komanso kulowa kwa chinyezi. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi-Juni kumakhala kubisalira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri nyama zingapo (mpaka 8) zimakwanira mu chisa chimodzi. Mpikisanowo umayamba mu June, wamkazi amabweretsa zinyalala, mu ana kuchokera khumi mpaka khumi, nthawi zambiri zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mimba imatenga masiku 23-25. Kutalika kwa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 4-5 (1-5).

Njira zodzitetezera ndi zofunika

Kudera la Ryazan, nyumba yogona pansi yakhala ikutetezedwa kuyambira 1977 (13). Malo okhala mitunduyi amatetezedwa kudera la Oka Reserve. Ndikofunika kufunafuna malo omwe masiku ano akukhalamo nyama zamtchire, ngati kuli kotheka, tengani malo omwe atchulidwa kuti atetezedwe mwapadera ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwawo.

Magwero achidziwitso

1. Airapetyants, 1983, 2. Baryshnikov et al., 1981, 3. Gromov, Erbaeva, 1995, 4. Sokolov, 1977, 5. Flint et al., 1970, 6. Babushkin, Babushkina, 2004, 7. Gushchina ndi dr., 1981, 8. Onufrenya, Kudryashova, 1992, 9. Borodin, 1960, 10. Data ya M.V. Onufrenya 11. Data A.S. Onufreni, 12. Zambiri za V.P. Ivancheva, 13. Chisankho cha komiti yayikulu ... 01/19/1977, No. 16.

Maonekedwe, miyeso

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa 13-18 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 150-180. Maonekedwe ake, alumali amafanana ndi agologolo ang'onoang'ono otuwa, popanda mawonekedwe a m'makutu ozungulira. Mapiri ndi miyendo ndi zopanda, mulifupi mokwanira, zala zake zosasunthika. Kuyenda kwapadera pamapazi kumasiyanitsidwa ndi zala za I ndi V, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa perpendicular mosavuta kuzala zina. Maburashi amatembenukira kunja pakona pafupifupi 30. Chifukwa cha izi, mashelufu amatha kusuntha ngakhale nthambi zopyapyala.

Chinyama cham'madzi chokwera msanga chimakweza mitengo, chimadumphira pamtunda mpaka mamita khumi. Mchira wa Sonya ndiwofewetseka, wokhala ndi imvi, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 11 mpaka 15. Ubweya wa mlengalenga siwokwera kwambiri, koma m'malo mwake umakhala wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi tsitsi lotsika. Kupanga utoto wa alumali kumakhala kofanana kwathunthu. Pali mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imakongoletsa mitundu: imvi ndi zofiirira kumbuyo, komanso yoyera kapena chikasu pamimba. Mphete zoonda zakuda zimatha kupezeka mozungulira maso, omwe nthawi zina amakhala osawoneka.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti sony ya achikulire imakhala ndi vibrissae yayitali, yomwe imangokhala osasunthika, koma gulu lakumanzere ndi lamanja la ndevu limatha kuyendayenda kwathunthu palokha.

Moyo, machitidwe

Mitundu ya Sonya imakhala yolumikizidwa kwambiri ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zofalikira, komwe amakhala ndi chakudya chosiyanasiyana. Nyama zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitengo yambiri ya mabulosi ndi mitengo yazipatso. Nthawi zambiri ogona amakhala m'minda ya zipatso ndi m'minda yamphesa kapena pafupi nawo. M'mapiri, nyama yaikazi imatha kukwera m'malire a nkhalango zotambalala, mpaka pafupifupi mamilimita awiri pamwamba pa nyanja.

Chipinda cham'makomo chimadzimva kuti ndi chachikulu m'nkhalango yowuma yomwe ili ndi beech, oak, Hornbeam ndi linden, yomwe ili ndi mitengo yopanda zipatso monga mawonekedwe a hawthorn, dogwood ndi hazel, komanso honeysuckle. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Russia, Sonya amakhala m'nkhalango za oak-linden okhala ndi mapulo, elm, aspen, hazel, raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda mumtambo wotsika. M'malo amiyala yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, makoswe amakhala makamaka m'miyala yamiyala.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa masika kapena mpaka mwezi wa June, nyumba yogona pansi ili hibernation, ndipo nyama zotere zimadzuka mochedwa kuposa ziwalo zina zabanja. Mwachitsanzo, m'gawo la Caucasus, madera ozungulira amachoka m'malo awo ozungulira kumapeto kwa June, pomwe zipatso za mabulosi ndi chitumbuwa cha maula zimacha. Amuna achikulire omwe ali panthambi za mitengo amasiya zodziwika bwino, fungo lomwe munthu amatha kununkhiza. Pa hibernation, monga lamulo, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu okhala ndi zaka zochepa amafa, omwe sanakhale ndi nthawi yopeza mafuta ochulukirapo kapena omwe asankha malo olakwika nthawi yachisanu.

Pa hibernation, kagayidwe mu nyama kumachepetsa mpaka 2%, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsikira mpaka 3 ° C, kusintha kwa mtima kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kupuma pang'ono nthawi zina kumayima kwakanthawi.

Habitat, malo okhala

Gululi linagawidwa kwambiri m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi zotsika za ku Europe, ku Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera kumpoto kwa Spain ndi France kupita ku Turkey, dera la Volga ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Mitunduyi imayambitsidwa ku UK (Chiltern Upland). Dormouse imapezeka m'malo azilumba za Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuphatikizapo Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Krete ndi Corfu, komanso Turkmenistan pafupi ndi Ashgabat.

Pa gawo la Russian Federation, nyumba yogona nyumba ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Mtundu wa nyama zoyimazi umaimiridwa ndi madera osiyanasiyana akutali, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali kwambiri. Sonia-regiment amapezeka mdera la Kursk komanso m'chigwa cha mitsinje ya Volga, kuphatikiza dera la Volga-Kama, dera la Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia ndi Bashkiria, dera la Samara.

Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, kugawa mapentedwe kumangopita ku Mtsinje wa Oka. M'madera akummwera kwa Europe, dormouse kulibe. Nyama yodziwika kwambiri komanso yambiri ili ku Caucasus ndi Isthmus of Caucasus. Zomwe zimachepetsa chiwerengero chonse cha anthu zimaphatikizapo chiwerengero chochepa cha zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa kumpoto kwa mtunduwo, komanso malo osakwanira.

Akatswiri adalimbikitsa, monga momwe angasungire oimira amtunduwo mwachilengedwe, kafukufuku wapadera wamalo amakono ogawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu, komanso kuzindikira komanso kuteteza malo omwe akukhalako.

Zakudya za Sony

Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zophatikiza ndi zakudya, madongosolo a Sonya amakhala amadzala, chifukwa chake chakudya chimayimiriridwa ndi masamba azomera zamitundu mitundu, zipatso ndi njere. Komanso, zipatso ndi zipatso, nyama sizimakonda nyama, koma mafupa. Zakudya zazikulu za Sony zimaphatikizapo:

• ma acorn
• hazel
• walnuts
• machifuwa
• mtedza wa beech
• mapeyala
• mphesa
• maapulo
• wokoma chitumbuwa
• kukhetsa
• mtengo wa mabulosi
• maula,
• mabulosi.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogona a nyama, palibe mgwirizano. Ofufuza ena amalola kuti nyumba yapanja izionekera. Nthawi zina makoswe amadya anapiye ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo pamodzi ndi zakudya zamasamba. Nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakonda zipatso ndi zipatso zapamwamba, kotero kuti pakadyetsa nyamayo poyesako, zimayesa zipatso, ndipo chakudya chosakwanira chimaponyedwa pansi.

Monga momwe amasonyezera, zipatso zosapsa zomwe zimamwazikana ndi dormouse druids nthawi zambiri zimakopa nkhumba zimbalangondo ndi zimbalangondo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mothandizidwa ndi chakudya ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana okhala ngati mbewa.

Mbiri ya Moyo ku Zoo

Ma reg Regents akhala akukhala ku Zoo ya Moscow kwa zaka zoposa 15. M'zaka zoyambirira, nyama sizinabadwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuti kubereka bwino, mitu ya kugona imafunikira kubisala, komwe kunalibe malo pobisalira. M'zaka zotsatira, nthawi yachisanu, dormouse adasamutsidwira m'misewu yam'misewu, ndipo nyamazo zidayamba kubereka bwino. Kwa zaka 2 zapitazi, nyumba yakuchipinda yozunguliramo nyumba yakhala ikuswana mu “Night World” ngakhale popanda kubisala.

Mutha kuwona Sonya pamalo otsegulira a "Night World" ndi mkati mwa nkhalango yosakanikirana, komwe amakhala limodzi ndi hedgehog wamba. Pobisalira ndi dzenje ndi chowombera, komanso chodyetsa chobisika, chomwe chimagwiritsanso ntchito ngati chisa. Tsopano, mu "nesting" wodyetsa uyu, osakaniza a udzu amayikidwa. Nyama zimadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku. Mu aviary pali basiketi wodyetsa omwe amapezeka kuti alendo athe kuwona momwe nyama zimadyera. Zakudya za Sonya akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi zimakhala ndi zipatso, masamba, mpendadzuwa, oats, tchizi choko, tizilombo, mazira a nkhuku, nyama, hercules ndi mavitamini komanso michere yambiri.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe sony polchok

Nyama zodabwitsa izi ndizokonda kugona kwambiri. Chifukwa chake dzina lawo linapita - Sonya Polchok. Pamagona, nyama zimafunikira miyezi isanu ndi inayi pachaka.

Zimayamba mu Seputembala ndipo zimatha mu June. Pokhala woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wa carotid, gulu lake limakhala ndi kutalika kwa 18 cm, kutalika kwa mchira wake ndi 10 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi la nyama kumakhala pafupifupi 170 g.

Alumali pazithunzi - Ndi nyama yokhala ndi makutu amfupi, yozunguliridwa kumtunda, yokhala ndi tsitsi lotayirira, yokhala ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ndi chidendene yokutidwa ndi ubweya. Maso a nyama amakongoletsedwa ndi mphete yakuda, nthawi zina siziwoneka zokwanira.

Phokoso lanyama limakongoletsedwa ndi ma vibrosses okhala ndi kukula kwa zolengedwa izi. Kutalika kwawo kumafikira masentimita 6. Mtundu wa chovalacho makoswe imvi zotuwa. Mimba yake ndi yoyera, ndipo miyendo yake ndi yachikasu. Mchira wake ndi loyera ndi imvi.

Phula Lanyama mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi agologolo, chifukwa choyambirira adalumikizidwa molakwika ndi gologolo. Komabe, nyamazo zimasiyanabe - malo awo alibe makutu ndipo mimba yake ndiyoyera.

Alumali kuchokera ku gulu laentent ndi nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ubweya wake umakhala wamtengo wapatali pamsika wa ubweya, ndipo nyama imadyedwa mosavuta. Chaka chilichonse iwo akucheperachepera. Chifukwa chake pakali pano alumali mu Buku Lofiira ndipo imatetezedwa ndi anthu.

Makhalidwe a Sonya ndi malo okhala

Chodabwitsachi chingathe kuchitika ku Caucasus, Ukraine, Moldova komanso pakati Russia. Alumali amakhala M'mitengo yolamulidwa ndi mitengo monga beech, oak, walnuts, mitengo yazipatso zamtchire. Nkhalango komwe ma conifer amapezeka amakopa chidwi chochepa.

Kukhalapo kwa mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa nyama zodabwitsazi. Ndikofunikanso kuti akhale ndi mitengo yopanda pake. Nthawi zambiri nyama zazing'ono imatha kukhazikika munyumba yopangira mbalame kapena nyumba yopanda kanthu.

Ndipo onsewa ayenera kukhala atakonza kwambiri komanso ndi chivundikiro. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zomwe zimapangidwira kuti sizimawakonda. Nthawi zina amakhazikika munyumba zamunthu.

Nyama izi sizikhala zogwirizana ndi malo amodzi, malo chifukwa zimatsogolera moyo panthawi yomwe sizigona. Kuyandikana ndi mtundu wawo kumazindikirika modekha.

Amatha kuwaloleza pobisalira. Nthawi zina, kuwona matupi olowera amitunduyo, zimavuta kudziwa kuti nyumba yakeyo ndi yani. Amakhalanso mwamtendere ali mu ukapolo, ngati kuli malo ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Ichi ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri. Kunja kwa chisa chake, bulawufu yaying'ono imakhala pa nthambi ndikuyamba kudzikonza bwino - imayeretsa chovala chake, kuphatikiza mchira wake, kutsukidwa ndikufafanizidwa ndi matako ake. Pambuyo pake, nyamayo imabisala pansi pa masamba omwe ali mdzenje.

Kuphatikiza pa masamba kunyumba kwawo, amalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zofewa, monga moss. Mwa njira, zazikazi zimakonzekera chisa chawo.

Kwa amuna, zonsezi sizofunikira chifukwa ndi aulesi kwambiri. Mu chisa chawo, mutha kuwona pepala limodzi kapena awiri, kenako, zikuwoneka kuti, adafika kumeneko mwamwayi.

Moyo wokangalika umayendetsedwa ndi nyama kuyambira nthawi yamadzulo mpaka m'mawa. Masana amakonda kugona m'malo awo okhala. Chinyama chaching'ono Sonya Polchok Amakhala nthawi yake yambiri pamitengo. Amayenda nawo molongosoka ndipo amadziwika kuti amatha kulumpha bwino. Kudumpha kwake kukhoza mpaka 10 m.

Panthawi yozizira, nyama zosachepera zisanu ndi zitatu zimatha kuwoneka mu chisa chimodzi. Pa nthawi yakugona tulo, machitidwe onse a nyama amayenda pang'onopang'ono.

Mbadwo wachichepere ndi woyamba kutuluka mumtulo, chaka chatha pambuyo pake, ndipo ali kale ndi ziweto zakale kwambiri. Pambuyo hibernation alumali zolimba amadya. Kwa iye, kudya zakudya zabwino panthawiyi ndikofunikira.

Sony zakudya

Kwenikweni, alumali amakonda zakudya zamasamba. Nthawi zina, mutha kuwona m'zakudya zake tizilombo, dzira la mbalame kapena mbalame.Nyamayi imakonda mtedza wa kalori wapamwamba, ma acorn ndi ma chestnut, m'chiuno ndi maluwa makungwa. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, gulu limayamba kudalira kwambiri, ndikupanga mafuta osungira musanadye.

Ngati nyama izi zikukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, angathe, popanda manyazi, kupanga zigawenga, nyumba zosungiramo zipatso. Asanazizidwe, nyama izi zimakhala zodekha. Amabweretsa zomwe amapeza kuchokera kunyumba kupita nazo kwawo ndipo zimawakomera kwambiri.

Samasiyana pakatundu. Zinthu monga m'matangadza a mvula, kulibe. Amakhala ndi mano okwanira. Ma mashelu popanda mavuto ndipo amaluma mwachangu kudzera pa chipolopolo cha mtedza. Nthawi zina, amangoluma mtedzawu ndi kuwuponyera pansi. Kuchokera pamenepa nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti nyamazo ndizosusuka kwambiri.