Mutu | Biology ndi Natural Sayansi |
Onani | chotsitsa |
Chilankhulo | Russian |
Tsiku Lonjezedwa | 26.11.2013 |
Kukula kwa fayilo | 22.0 K |
Mawonekedwe
Timayamba kufotokozera mzati wa nyama ndi mawonekedwe ake. Akuluakulu amakula pafupifupi 50 cm. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi ndi mchira. Kulemera kwa mzati kumatha kufika magalamu 800 kapena kuposerapo.
Nyama imakhala ndi thupi lokwera, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusuntha kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha. Mzerewu umakhala ndi mawotchi afupiafupi, pazala zawo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zokutira zofananira. Maso ang'ono akuda amayang'ana pa muzzle lakuthwa. Mitundu iyi ya chikondi ndi kulera imakhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira.
Kunyada kwenikweni kwa nyamayo ndi chovala chake chokongola, chofewa. Mzere wa ubweya umakhala ndi lingaliro la ooker nthawi yozizira. Ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, tint yofiyira yokhazikika imayamba kukhala utoto. Chizindikiro chokongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera ndi chigoba chakuda pafupi ndi maso.
Habitat
Chipilalachi, chithunzi chake chomwe chimatha kuwoneka m'mabuku athu, ndizofala kwambiri ku Far East. Zambiri mwa nyama zoterezi zimapezeka m'nkhalango za Ural, ku Yakutia, Siberia, ndi Primorye. Oimira mitunduyi samapezeka kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia. Zipilala za Siberia nthawi zambiri zimayendayenda m'gawo la mayiko oyandikana, makamaka China.
Kukula kwatsopano kwa nyama kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nkhalango, kuchuluka kwa nyama, kupezeka kwa mtunda wokhala ndi mitengo yakufa komanso mphepo zamkuntho. Oimira amtunduwu amayesa kupewa malo otseguka. Nyama zotere zimakonda kukhala ngati malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri, okhala ndi masamba owuma, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Ku taiga, mzati nthawi zina umatha kupezeka pamalo okwera kwambiri pamtunda wamakilomita oposa theka.
Oimira mitunduyi nthawi zambiri amayendayenda m'malo omwe anthu amakhala. Chipilalachi chimakopa kukhalapo kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, komanso mwayi wakudya nkhuku. Kukumana ndi nyama pafupi ndi malo osowa. Chochitika chofananachi chikuchitika chifukwa cha kusamukira kwanyama chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kholamu ndi nyama yolusa. Zomwe zimagawidwa ndi nyama ndi makoswe ochepa, monga mbewa zam'munda ndi hamsters. M'madera okwera, zipilala zimadyera pika. Oimira nyamazo samanyoza mbalame zazing'ono, mwayi wotere ungachitike.
Makalogalamu akulu kwambiri amatha kusaka ma hares. Ngati pali maiwe ambiri m'malo omwe amakhala ndi muskrats ambiri, nyama zotere zimatha kugwira ndi kudya ana awo.
Nthawi zina nsomba zazing'ono ndi achule zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya cha mzere. M'm nthawi yanjala kwambiri, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatha kudyetsa tizilombo komanso ngakhale zovunda.
Kuswana
Zinyama zanyama zimachulukirachulukira ndi kuyamba kwa masiku otentha. Munthawi imeneyi, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimayimira pabwino kwambiri komanso zimakhala zankhanza. Amuna amakhala nthawi yawo yonse kuthamangitsa akazi ndipo pafupifupi kuiwalako za kufunika kopeza chakudya.
Colum mimba imatenga pang'ono mwezi. Pakadali pano, zazikazi zimadzitungira zokhoma, pomwe zimasokoneza ana. Nyama zimabala, pafupifupi, ana a 6-10. Pakakhala kuti ana amwalira, mzere wamkazi umakwatiranso kachiwiri ndipo amabereka ana mchaka chomwecho.
Nyama zimabadwa zamaliseche, khungu komanso zopanda thandizo. Kuchulukitsa kwa ana pa nthawi yakubadwa ndi magalamu ochepa chabe. Akazi samasiya ana awo mpaka atatsegula maso awo ndikukula.
Amayi amasiya kusamalira ana miyezi yochepa itatha. Pofika nthawi yophukira, achinyamata amafika pamlingo womwe umafanana ndi nyama zazikulu. Nthawi imeneyi, pang'onopang'ono amachoka kwa achibale, kusiya amayi awo ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono timakula mpaka 50 cm, pomwe 1/3 ndiye mchira. Kulemera kwa thupi la nyamayo sikumaposa g 800. Nyama yaying'ono imakhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, mpope wolunjika, maso akuluakulu komanso owoneka bwino, komanso makutu ozungulira. Chipilalachi chimakhala ndi thupi lokwera, losinthika komanso losunthika. Kunyada kwapadera kwa nyamayi ndi ubweya wake wokongola, womwe umasintha mtundu kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira, mzere wam'madzi wam'madzi umakhala wamtambo wokhala ndi tint yofiirira. Pamaso, mawanga amtundu woyera ndi chigoba chakuda chakumaso kuzindikirika.
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Itatsi ubweya umasinthanso ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya ndiwotupa komanso wandiweyani, chilimwe - wamfupi komanso wosowa.
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Kholamu limakonda malo osungika. Nyamayi imakopeka makamaka ndi kupezeka kwa makoswe, nkhuku ndi mbewa. Kuthengo, nyama za m'madzi zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nkhalango zowuma kapena zowuma, komwe kumapezeka makoswe ambiri. Malo otseguka sakhala okongola kwa itatsi, monga ngati taiga yotakata yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje kapena m'mbali mwa phirilo.
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Adani achilengedwe
Khola ndi nyama yomwe akambuku akuluakulu ndi kadzidzi akhungu amasaka kusaka. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu kumachepetsa agalu osochera. Oyankhula nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati nkhandwe za nkhandwe ndi mikondo.
Nyama zimatsogolera kukondana kwenikweni ndi ma mink. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'dera lomwelo. Oyimira mitundu nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali pankhondo zamagawo. Ndipo mbewa ndi mizati zimalimbana mpaka chomaliza. Wopambana ndiye amene wakwanitsa kukhalabe ndi moyo.
Khalidwe la nyama
Zipilala ndi nyama usiku. Amapita kukasaka nthawi yamadzulo ndipo sakhala kumadera ena. Malamu amatha kuyenda makilomita oposa 10 panthawi. Usiku, maso a nyamayo imawala pang'ono ndi mtundu wake. Oyankhula ndi osaka bwino kwambiri ndipo amapeza nyama yabwino ngakhale munthawi yozizira. Amatha kuyenda pansi pa chipale chofikira mpaka 50 cm.
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Zipilala sizimanga mabowo awo. Amakhala m'malo osiyidwa, kapena amakhala mumulu wamatanda oboola, pansi pa nthambi zamitengo. Nyama zimakhala ndi malo angapo momwe zimapumulirako, kutengera kufuna kwawo komanso malo. Oyankhula sachita hibernate, chifukwa amalola kuzizira kwambiri m'malo otentha, komwe sangathe kutuluka masiku angapo. Kuti ifike pamalo oyenera, nyamayo imalumphira mwachangu.
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Nyama ikakwiyitsidwa, imalira, ikuliza ndi mzungu. "Mawu" a nyamayo ali ngati kubangula kapena kubwadamuka.
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Kutalika kwa moyo
Zipilala zimakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe osaposa zaka 4. Komabe, nyamayi ikasungidwa muukapolo, nthawi imeneyi imatha kuwonjezeka kangapo. Zowona, okhawo omwe amaimira mitundu yomwe adabadwira mu cell ndiomwe amasiyana mumalo osungidwa komanso osavulaza. Nyama zomwe zinagwidwa m'malo okhala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zankhanza komanso zowopsa kwa ena.
Mtengo wosodza
Ubweya wa Column umawonedwa kwambiri pamakampani azovala. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti m'masiku akale pafupifupi banja lililonse la Soviet lidakhala ndi chipewa chimodzi chopangidwa ndi zikopa za nyama zotere. Masiku ano, malaya a ubweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zamtengo wapatali zopanga.
Moyo & Habitat
Wolankhulayo ndi nyama yaku Asia. Imapezeka kuzilumba za Japan, Korea, China. Ku Russia, kumakhala zilumba, nkhalango zotambalala kapena zosakanikirana, mitengo yamitengo yayitali kumwera kwa Far East ndi Siberia kupita kumapiri a Ural.
Chofunikira kuti kholalo lizikhala ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe. Imakhala pansi pafupi ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zili ndi mayenje owoneka bwino kapena kunja kwa madambo obisika ndi zomera zam'madzi. Imapezeka m'madambo kumapiri a mapiri. Imafika pamtunda wamakilomita 1.8,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakonda nkhalango zambiri zamitengo yakale.
Spika amakhala komanso kufupi ndi malo omwe amakopeka ndi chakudya (makoswe, mbewa). Cunyas amagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku, koma izi sizifotokozedwa mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri nyamayi imasaka nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yachisanu.
Mosiyana ndi sable, yomwe imadikirira nyama, omwe amalankhula amadutsa m'malire ake, akuyang'ana pansi pa mtengo wakufa, akuyang'ana dzenje. Imatha kung'amba ndi kulowa mu dothi la ndodo. Osambira abwino kwambiri, olankhula amapeza chakudya m'madziwe.
Pakati pa ofera, zachuma kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kwambiri kuposa ena kupanga zakudya zam'madzi m'maenje kapena akungokumba nyama mu chisanu. Paulendo umodzi wokha kuchokera kumalo osungirako zipilala imayenda mpaka makilomita asanu ndi atatu kufunafuna nyama.
Ngati ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kugwira nyama yayikulu, amabwerera kwawo, tsiku lomwelo sanyamuka. Mabowo a Chipmunk amakhala pansi pobisalira, otsika pansi pamalo, malo pakati pa mizu yamtengo yozungulira, milu ya nthambi zouma.
M'miyezi yotentha, kunyi kumakhala kotakataka. Oyankhula nthawi yozizira kwambiri chisanu kapena blizzard kwa masiku angapo sasiya kwawo. Pa Sakhalin, tsango la itatsi zingapo linajambulidwa m'nyumba imodzi. Anthu aku Siberi amakhulupirira kuti nyengo yotentha kwambiri, m hbeernate. Koma asayansi amafotokoza kusakhalako chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri nyama zikalengedwa pansi pa chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake sizowoneka.
Nyama zimakhazikika ndikuchulukirachulukira pakugwa, pomwe malire amalo atsamba azikhazikitsidwa ngati nyama zazing'ono zimawonekera komanso muFebruary nyengo isanathe. Kholalo ndi nyama yokhazikika, koma chikondi pamalo ake zimatengera malo okhala.
Zowonera zinawonetsa kuti anthu ena mpaka zaka zingapo amakhala malo amodzi, pomwe ena amayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri kumapeto, nyengo yozizira, mosasamala kanthu za chakudya.
Akazi amakonda kwambiri gawo lawo, laling'ono kuposa amuna. Kukula kwa chiwembu kumasiyana kuyambira mahekitala asanu ndi atatu mpaka ma kilomita asanu. Ndi malo ochulukirapo okhala, nyama sizilemekeza malire, kudutsa malo osakira oyandikana nawo. Nyama iliyonse payokha ilibe gawo lawo konse. Amathetsa chakudya mpaka 15-20 km ndikudikirira kuti m'bale wawo wamwalira.
M'malo am'mapiri, nthawi zambiri amasamuka amasamuka. Munthawi yachilimwe-nyengo yachilimwe, nyama zimakonda mitengo yosakanikirana yomwe imadutsa malo otsetsereka, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatsikira kumapiri a mitsinje. Akatswiri a zoologists amafotokoza kayendedwe ka mzindawo komwe kumachitika kusefukira kwamadzi pachaka, kusefukira kwa gombe m'nyengo yotentha.
M'malo otseguka, m'matawuni, kupezeka kwa chakudya kumatsika kwambiri kapena chipale chofewa chikugwa, kutumphuka kwamtunda kwapangika. Chipilalachi chimakhala chosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi kuponda kwa ma martens ena.
M'chilimwe, chinyama sichimalumpha, koma chimayenda masitepe. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya njanjiyo ndi mwendo wakumbuyo woyikidwa patsogolo. M'nyengo yozizira, imadumphira yunifolomu, mtunda wapakati pakati pa theka la mita.
Nkhandwe, nkhandwe, sable, mink, lynx ndi adani enieni achilengedwe a mzati. Kuphatikiza pa zinyama zazikulu, chiwombankhanga chachikulu, buluzi wa chiwombankhanga, ndi akhwangwala amphongo panyama. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa manambala kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhandwe ndi mapanga. M'matupi amadzi amizati, amapikisana ndi mink, amalowa mu nkhondo yolakwika ndi iyo. Nkhani zakufa kwa nyama zomwe zikuwoloka mtsinjewo kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa nsomba zam'madzi, taien ndi pike zadziwika.
Lembali nthawi zambiri limadya zotsalira za masewera omwe abusa ena amadya. Kuphatikiza pa kupikisana ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya pa makoswe, miyala, nsapato, njoka, alinso tiziromboti. Zowona kuti amasula ndikuchotsa mizati kuchokera kumadera omwe akukhalamo, akatswiri a zojambula zam'madzi amawona ngati zachilengedwe. Ma Sabata amabwerera kwawo komwe amakhala pomwe akukakamizidwa ndi alendo.
Wokamba nkhani amazolowera kukhala mu ukapolo, koma zimafunikira chisamaliro komanso kudekha. Amakonda kulowa m'mphepete zilizonse, kukwera makatani, ndimatha kukuta miyendo ya makabati. Chifukwa chake, nyamayo imasungidwa m'khola, ndikuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo imayang'aniridwa. Kukhala m'chipindacho kumasinthiratu moyo wa nyama. Wokamba nkhani amasintha pamodzinenera.
Chakudya chimagulidwa kumalo ogulitsira nyama, komwe samangokhala ndi mbewa zokha, komanso chakudya chapadera cha zodulira. Nyama imakonda madzi, choncho madziwo amayenera kukhala okwanira ndikuthanso kuzungulira nthawi yonseyo.
Ndingakhale wokondwa ngati ndingandipatse mwayi woti ndizisambire mosamba. Wokamba nkhaniyi amazolowera mosavuta thirakitilo. Ndikukhala nthawi yayitali ndikulumikizidwa ndi achibale. Amakhala achikondi, amakonda kusokonekera.
Zolemba zofananira
Morphology a mtundu Hypericum L., taxonomic zikuchokera. Zizindikiro ndi mitundu ya mitundu. Mbiri ndi mkhalidwe wa anthu omwe atoleredza mtundu wa Hypericum L. Bioecological,, powunikira. Chilala ndi kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira, kubereka.
thesis [4.8 M], anawonjezera 03.11.2015
Khalidwe la banja la gologolo. Habitat, zakudya ndi kubereka, moyo wamagulu agologolo. Njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi chipmunks, malo awo pansi pamizu yamitengo, forage ndi hibernation. Gopher kugawa kutchire-steppe ndi steppe madera.
chiwonetsero [2,3 M], chowonjezera 03/15/2015
Kugawa, chikhalidwe komanso mitundu ya amphaka amtchire. Mkango, nyalugwe, nyalugwe, nyalugwe, nyalugwe wa chisanu (irbis), lynx, nyama ndi nyama - moyo wawo, chakudya, chikhalidwe, kuswana. Mkhalidwe wa anthu ndi kutetezedwa kwa amphaka amtchire, udindo wawo mwachilengedwe.
chiwonetsero [541.5 K], chowonjezera 02/14/2012
Lynxes ndi mtundu wina wa nyama zomwe zimayamwa mopatsa chidwi. Kufotokozera kwapadera mitundu yamitundu ya lynx: Eurasian (wamba), Canada, Spanish (Iberian) ndi lynx yofiira. Lynx moyo, zakudya ndi kuswana. Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi ndi kutetezedwa kwawo.
Abstract [32,4 K], anawonjezera 03/11/2012
Maonekedwe a chimbalangondo chofiirira. Moyo, zakudya, kubereka komanso kugawa. Moyo wamasamba ozungulira. Udindo wazambiri ndi kufunika kwa anthu. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe. Malo omwe amakonda nyengo yachisanu. Kutalika, kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu a Kamchatka.
chiwonetsero [2,1 M], chowonjezera 12/23/2014
Mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi moyo wa zinyama zoyamwitsa. Ziwalo zam'magazi, zamanjenje ndi machitidwe a zolengedwa. Chiyambi, kubereka ndi kutukula kwa zolengedwa. Magulu akuluakulu a zinyama zachilengedwe. Mtengo wa nyama zoyamwitsa komanso chitetezo chawo.
Abstract [25,3 K], anawonjezera 03/07/2010
Lingaliro ndi tanthauzo la mtundu Pulmonaria, kufotokoza kwake kwachilengedwe ndi kufalitsa. Njira zolerera Lungwort, makamaka chisamaliro, matenda ndi tizirombo. Kufotokozera kwamitundu yamtundu wa Pulmonaria womwe unayambitsidwa mchikhalidwecho. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Lungwort m'minda yazomera
mapepala [4,7 M], anawonjezera 1/27/2018
Kugawidwa kwa nkhandwe ya Arctic, kapangidwe ka nyama ndi kubereka kwa nyama, kufunikira kwake ndi kuswana. Mawonekedwe, moyo wawo komanso thanzi la nkhandwe ya Arctic, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka ndi kugawa kwake. Kusintha kwa malowedwe a tsitsi mu Arctic nkhandwe mwa chilengedwe.
pepala [31.5 K], onjezedwa 10.24.2009
Malo ogawa ndi malo okhala mimbulu, mitundu yawo, momwe amakhalira ndi zakudya. Khalidwe la chibadwidwe ndi kubereka kwa nthumwi za mtundu wa mimbulu. Zizolowezi, mawonekedwe a moyo mu paketi, kusaka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mimbulu yolusa ndi zizindikilo zina, njira za mimbulu.
Abstract [60.3 K], onjezedwa 03/04/2012
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu "Common Arctic fox". Mkhalidwe wamakhalidwe ndi zakudya za nkhandwe ya Arctic, zidafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi njira zowerengera ndalama. Kusaka mbidzi za ku Arctic ndi kufunikira kwawo pachuma. Kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu ndi mitundu yamagulu.
Abstract [34.5 K], anawonjezera 06/15/2017
Ntchito zamagulu osungirako zakale zimapangidwa mwaluso malinga ndi zofunikira zamayunivesite ndipo zimakhala ndi zojambula, zojambula, mawonekedwe, etc.
Mafayilo a PPT, PPTX ndi PDF amawonetsedwa pazakale.
Analimbikitsa kutsitsa ntchitoyi.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Wokamba - Nyama mpaka 50 cm, pomwe mchirawo ndi pafupifupi wachitatu.Nyama imalemera pafupifupi 700-800 g Thupi limakhala lalitali, yodziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwapadera komanso kusuntha. Mapazi afupiafupi okhala ndi nembanemba bwino, maso akuwoneka pa mpope, makutu ang'onoang'ono owongoka.
Ubweya wokongola ndi kunyada kwapadera kwa wokhala ku taiga. Utoto wokhala ndi ubweya nthawi yachisanu, wokhala ndi tint yofiirira, umasanduka chikaso chakuda nthawi yotentha ikadzafika. Ubweya womwe umakhala mchira umakhala wokhutira kwambiri ndi utoto kuposa kumbuyo kapena pamimba.
Chizindikiro chokongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera pamphuno ndi chophimba chakuda kuzungulira maso. Mtundu wa siliva m'miyendo ya nyama ndi ubweya wopepuka wa undercoat umatsimikizira kukongola kwa chovala cha ubweya.
Kuchulukana kwa chovalacho kumasiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nthawi: kuphatikiza ndi kachulukidwe ndizofanana ndi nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yotentha, ubweya umakhala wosowa komanso wafupikirapo kuposa nthawi yozizira. Chipilalachi chimakhala m'malo a Far East, nkhalango za Ural, malo otetezedwa a Siberia, Primorye, Yakutia. Osowa kwambiri ku gawo la ku Europe la dziko lathu. Amadziwa mzere ku China, Japan, ku Peninsula ya Korea.
Kukula kwa madera osiyanasiyana kumadalira kupezeka kwa nkhalango zowongoka kapena zokutira ndi makoswe ambiri, ndi dziwe lomwe ladzala ndi zitsamba, ndi kukhalapo kwa kamphepo kamkuntho ndi nkhuni. Nyamayi imapewa malo otseguka, imakonda taiga yowala pamapiri kapena m'mitsinje. Imapezeka pamapiri mpaka 1600 m pamtunda wa nyanja.
Pali mizati m'malo omwe anthu amakhala, komwe amakopeka ndi nkhuku komanso kupezeka kwa mbewa ndi makoswe. Kukumana ndi mzere m'midzi, kunja kwa mizinda kapena kuminda ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa kusamuka ku chakudya komanso kusasamala.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama imakhala ndi adani ambiri. Yaikulu ikuyenda, ikugulitsa mpikisano wake wa chakudya kuchokera kumadera omwe akutukuka. Zina zokhala ndi nyama zomwe zimadya nyama pachilala: akambuku, kadzidzi, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga. Tiyenera kubisala ku adani a anyani, nkhandwe, mimbulu, zala.
Khalidwe ndi njira yamoyo
Oyankhula nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku. Ntchito zimachitika nthawi yamadzulo komanso dzuwa litalowa. Kufufuza chakudya sikumangokhala kumadera ena, nyama imatha kupita pamtunda wa 10 km kapena kupitilira, ngati kusaka kumafunika kusaka nyama.
Usiku mutha kuwona mzati wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira kuyang'ana makoswe pakati pa mizu yamitengo yosiyidwa. Anthu okhala pamtsinje amakhalanso nyama yapaubweya yomwe imatha kusambira bwino. Nthawi zambiri, makoswe am'madzi, muskrats kapena nsomba zamtsinje zimagwera m'mbali zazitali za mizati.
M'nyengo yozizira, mlenje amawonetsa kunyentchera komanso kuthekera kopita pansi pa chipale chofewa pamtunda wautali mpaka 50. Capercaillie ndi grouse wobisala usiku amatha kununkhiza ndikuthamangitsa mbalamezo.
Kulimba mtima, chidwi, kuthekera kukwera msanga m'matanthwe ndi m'mabowo, kuyenda m'miyala ndi malo okwera, kukwera mitengo ndi nsonga za mwala kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mzati wochenjera.
Nyama sizizindikira malo. Amakhala m'malo okhalamo ma chipmunks, ma voles, mabowo osiyidwa kapena pansi pa nthambi za mitengo yakugwa komanso mulu wa mitengo yakugwa. Kuphatikiza pogona pokhapokha, nyamayo imakhala ndi malo osakhalitsa angapo, pomwe imabisala pakafunika.
Panthawi yozizira kwambiri, imatha kugona osagona masiku angapo kuchokera kumalo otentha. Kenako kusaka kumayimitsidwa masana chifukwa chamazira osokosera usiku. Zipilala zikuyenda mtunda ndi malire. Chikhazikitso cha mawu ndi chofanana ndi mawu omwe woimbidwa ndi amphamvu: kulira kapena mtundu wa tweet. Mokwiyitsa amatulutsa mluzu wowopsa ndi mluzu.
Habitat
Olankhula ali ponseponse m'nkhalango zotsika kwambiri ku Asia, komanso amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndi Far East.
Zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero ndi kufalitsa zipilala ku Yakutia m'mbali mwa gombe la Okhotsk.
Makola ochepa adawonekera ku Urals. Nyamazo zimasankha zigwa za mitsinje yaying'ono ngati malo omwe zikukhalamo, pomwe zimakhala m'mphepo zamphepo, m'nkhalango zokuwa komanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Zitha kupezekanso m'miyala yomwe imakukula ndi zitsamba.
Zipilala nthawi zambiri zimakwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 1400 mpaka 1700 metres. Komabe, zimapezeka kumapeto kwa minda kapena midzi yaying'ono ndi mizinda.
Moyo ndi zizolowezi
Khalidwe la oyankhula limangokhala. Amasiyana chifukwa sazindikira madera awo. Kuphatikiza apo, komabe sizikuteteza. Kukakamiza zinyama kuti zizisintha malo azitha kungokhala kuti kusowa kwa chakudya kwachitika patsamba lakale. Zimasamukira nthawi yakukhwima.
Pakusunthidwa kwakukulu, okamba nkhani samasamala ndipo amatha kukwera munkhalangomo ndikuwononga ngati angakhumudwe pamudzi wawung'ono panthawi yosamutsa.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa nyumba yawo yayikulu, mizati ili ndi malo osungirako kwakanthawi m'malo awo. Izi malo osakhalitsa amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana amalo.
Nyama zotere zimakhala m'makina a makoswe ena, komanso mitengo yakugwa.
Oyankhula amasiyanitsidwa ndi ukazitape ndi kuchita bwino. Potere, ntchito yayikulu imachitika nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayi imatha kugwira ntchito masana.
M'masiku ozizira kwambiri nthawi yachisanu, zimakhala zovuta kukumana ndi mzati, popeza nyamazo zimatha "kugona", ndiye kuti, zimagwera masiku ochepa.
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mzati ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyenda pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Njira zodyera nyama zomwe zimachitika mwa iwo zimachitika mnyumba mwawo mokha. Pamalo pomwe agwiridwe, samachita.
Nyama zimatha kukwera mitengo, koma zimachita kwambiri, kawirikawiri. Zipilala zimapewa malo akuluakulu komanso otseguka. Kutha kusambira nawo kumapangidwanso kwambiri ndipo amakupatsani mwayi woyenda mtunda wautali kuchokera kumtunda.
Kusodza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Pakadali pano, mizati ya ubweya yapeza ntchito kwambiri pamakampani a ubweya. Ndikofunika kunena kuti m'mbuyomu pafupifupi mabanja onse a Soviet anali ndi amodzi mutu wa ubweya wa abambo omwe analipo.
Komabe, ngati m'mbuyomu mzere wa ubweya utakhala ndi maudindo apamwamba, ndi zinthu zopangidwa pogulitsa, sizikhala vuto lililonse kugula zogulitsa ubweya wachilengedwe kuchokera pakhungu la nyama. Pakadali pano, mizati ikutchuka kwambiri, ubweya wake womwe umadziwika kwambiri pakati pa opanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kufotokozera
Nyama yaying'onoyi kutalika imafikira masentimita 48-66 ndi mchira wake, ndipo imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 800. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zolimba. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, miyendo imafupikitsidwa, nembanemba samapangika bwino pakati pawo.
Tizilomboti taloledwa, khosi limasinthasintha, ndipo makutu ndi akuthwa. Mchirawo ndi wokongola, wowoneka bwino, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi - pafupifupi 18 mpaka sentimita. Zitsamba za ductal zimapezeka pansi pa mchira, pomwe zimasulidwa chinsinsi ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Mtundu wa ubweya ndi wofiyira. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yolimba komanso yofewa, makamaka mchira. Pamaso pali munda wa bulauni wotchedwa chigoba. Milomo imalembedwa ndi chingwe choyera. Mu "zovala" zanyengo yachilimwe zimawoneka zocheperapo, ubweya suwotchera, umalumikizidwa ndi thupi. Mapazi amayera oyera. Kukhetsa kumachitika mu Marichi-Meyi.
Columns (Mustela sibirica).
Column Habitat
Madera omwe nyama zimagawidwira zimaphimba, monga lamulo, nkhalango zowerengeka za Asia, gawo lam'mwera la Siberia ndi Far East. Posachedwa, magulu awo ku Yakutia awonjezeka m'mphepete mwa gombe la Okhotsk. Zigawo zachitsulo ku Urals ndizambiri.
Zinyama zodyerazi zimangokhala malo ochezeka amtsinje, komanso kupewa malo otseguka.
Oyankhulawo amakhala m'zigwa za mitsinje yaying'ono, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zomwe zimasakanikirana, kumawomba mphepo ndikugwa. Amapezeka pakati pa miyala yosanjikiza yomwe ili ndi zitsamba. M'mapiri amakula mpaka 1400-1700 metres. Kwambiri, zipilala zimakhazikika m'nkhalango za paini, m'madzi osefukira komanso kunja kwa madambo. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa minda, m'midzi ngakhale m'mizinda yaying'ono.
Moyo wokamba
Oyankhula amakhala kwambiri amangokhala. Siziteteza ndi kuzindikira zilembo zawo.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa zipilala, ndi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi European mink.
Ndi kubala nyama kokha komanso kusowa kwa chakudya komwe amasamukira kwambiri. Zipilala zanjala zikasamukira, zimasiya kukhala ochenjera, zimathamangira m'midzi ndikuwononga malo a ng'ombe ndi nyumba zosungiramo nyumba.
Zipilala zimakhala mumakungwa a makoswe: ma voles amadzi, chipmunks, pikas, amathanso kukhazikika m'maenje, kukhazikika pansi pamitengo yakugwa komanso milu yamitengo yakufa. Nyamayo, kuphatikiza nyumba yokhazikika, malo osakhalitsa angapo omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana amalo ake.
Olankhula amayimba mokweza mawu kapena akulira mokweza, ngati nyama yakwiya, imangosokosera kapena kumangolira, ngati chimbudzi.
Wopikisana nawo kwambiri pa chipilalachi ndi sable, kutulutsa itatsi ku malo ake okhala.
Oyankhula amalowa m'matumba tating'ono ndikubisika mosavutikira. Kwa iwo, zochitika madzulo ndi usiku ndizofala. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, makamaka usiku wozizira, olankhula amatha kutuluka masana. Munthawi yozizira kwambiri, omwe amayankhula sangathenso kukhala masiku angapo, ndiko kuti, "kugona".
Lembali likuyang'ana mwachangu nyama, mosiyana ndi msingwi, yomwe imayang'anira.
M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kulowa pansi pa chipale chofewa ndikudutsa mtunda wautali mpaka 50 mita pansi pa makulidwe ake. Nyama yakholoku, monga lamulo, imadyedwa m'phanga lake, osati m'malo mwake. Nyama zimatha kukwera pamitengo, koma zimachita izi kawirikawiri. Amatha kusambira mwachangu komanso bwino, kwinaku ndikuyenda mtunda wamakilomita mazana.
Mwa mtundu wawo wamagulu azakudya, mizati imakhala pakati pa zilombo zolusa, monga marten ndi sable, ndi "odya mbewa," monga ermine ndi weasel. Maziko a chakudya chamizati ndi ma voles, hamsters, mbewa, passerines yaying'ono. M'mapiri amadyera pika. Ngakhale olankhula ali ochepa, amatha kusaka ma hares. Ngati pali ma muskrats ambiri m'madzi, ndiye kuti mizati imawagwiritsanso. Ku Primorye, nsomba zosamukasamuka ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa olankhula. Amatha kudya tizilombo, achule, nkhuku, komanso zovunda.
Pomwe akusaka chakudya, mzatiwo umadutsa chisanu, ndikuyang'ana momwe mumawombera mphepo, zitsamba.
Oyankhula ali ndi mpikisano wambiri: nkhandwe, masoka, mashesa. Zipilala zambiri zimakhala ndi maphikidwe, omwe amawalondola ndikuwathamangitsa; Ndipo mizatiyo, imapulumuka maula ofooka. Mbalame zazikulupo zazikulu zimadyera pazolowera: nkhumba ndi kadzidzi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mizati m'chilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka 2, koma zaka zana limodzi zitha kukhala ndi zaka 6. Mukapolo, mzati umakhalabe ndi zaka 9.
Chiwerengero cha zipilala
M'nkhalangozi, nyama zodyerazi ndizochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina olankhula amavulaza nkhuku, akafika pabwalo, amatha kudya nkhuku zingapo kapena abakha. Koma mzati, monga ma marten onse ang'onoang'ono, ndiwothandiza chifukwa amawononga makoswe oyipa m'minda ndi midzi.
Ubweya wa mizati ndiwothokoza kwambiri; umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yake kapena ngati chinyengo chamtengo wazopanga ubweya.
Mu 30s, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuti asunge mzati pama famu. Zipilala zimatha kusungidwa mu ukapolo chifukwa sizithamanga. Koma iwo, ngati ma enawo ena onse, adasinthidwa ndi mink yaku America, yomwe ubweya wake umayamikiridwa kwambiri. Oyankhula amachepetsa msanga ngakhale kuperekedwa m'manja.
Mabuku ena a Mustela sibirica coreana amakhala ku Korea. Nyama izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chigaza chokulirapo ndi mtundu wowala wa ubweya wozizira.
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