Killer whale
Killer Whale ku Okinawa Aquarium, Japan
Gulu la asayansi

Whale wakupha whale , kapena chinsomba chakupha (lat. Pseudorca crassidens), ndi chinyama chodabwitsa kuchokera ku mtundu wocheperako wa genotypic wawa (Pseudorca) Mabanja a Dolphin (Delphinidae).

Amatha kuphatikiza ndi ma dolphin a botolo, kupatsa hybrids - anamgumi opha.

Mawonekedwe

Mtundu wonse ndi wakuda kapena wakuda, ndi mzere woyera kumbali yamkati. Anthu ena amakhala ndi utoto wakuda pamutu ndi m'mbali zawo. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, pamphumi pake pali mawonekedwe a vwende. Thupi limakhala lalitali. Dorsal fin ndiyowoneka ngati chikwakwa, chotuluka pakati pa msana, zipsepse zamkati. Nsagwada yapamwamba ndi yayitali kuposa yapansi.

Amuna achikulire a nangumi wocheperako amatha kutalika 3.7-6.1 m kutalika, zazikazi zazikulu - 3.5-5 mamita. Makanda obadwa kumene ali kutalika kwa 1.5-1.9 m ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 80 kg. Dorsal fin imatha kutalika 18 mpaka 40 cm. Zolimbitsa thupi zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa ma dolphin ena. Choyipacho chimakhala chachifupi kwambiri kakhumi kuposa thupi. Pakati pake nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholembedwa bwino, malekezero ake ndiowongoka. Kumbali iliyonse ya nsagwada kuli mano 8-11.

Kutalika kwa chigaza mu akazi ndi 55-59 masentimita, mwa amuna - 58-65 masentimita. Chiwerengero cha vertebrae ndi 47-52: 7 khomo lachiberekero, 10 thoracic, 11 lumbar, ndi 2023 caudal. Zingwe zazing'onoting'ono zakupha zimakhala ndi nthiti 10.

Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi ma dolphin a botnose (Tursiops truncatus), zopera zazifupi (Globicephala macrorhynchus) ndi zopera zazitali (Globicephala melas,, chifukwa amakhala m'dera limodzi. Komabe, ma dolphin a botnose ali ndi milomo, ndipo m'makola ndi m'ming'alu yaying'ono mumakhala kusiyana kosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito yapamwamba.

Khalidwe

Nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi zimakhala kunyanja zotentha. Nthawi zina amabwera kumtunda, koma amakonda kukhala m'malo ozama. Amizidwa kuti akuya 2 km.

Amakhala m'magulu omwe amatha kupha mazana angapo a nkhanu za mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Magulu akulu otere nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pafupifupi, chiwerengero chawo ndi anthu 10-30.

Mahagi ang'onoang'ono omwe amapha nthawi zambiri amasambitsidwa kumtunda kwambiri. Milandu yayikulu ikupezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Scotland, Ceylon, Zanzibar komanso m'mphepete mwa Great Britain.

Kuti mulumikizane wina ndi mzake, gwiritsani ntchito echolocation pamtunda kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 60 kHz, nthawi zina 100-130 kHz. Monga mahava ena opha, marangwi ang'onoang'ono amatha kupanga phokoso, ngati kulira kwaphokoso, kusokosera, kapena kumveka kaphokoso. Kulira kwa mauna akumatha kumveka kuchokera pansi akuya kwa 200 m.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Anangumi ochepa akupha ndi carnivores, amadya kwambiri nsomba ndi squid, omwe amayenda mwachangu. Nyama zanyanja, monga zisindikizo kapena mikango yam'nyanja, nthawi zina zimatha kudyedwa. Za nsomba, nsomba (Oncorhynchus), mackerel (Sarda lineolata), hering'i (Pseudosciana manchurica) ndi nsomba (Lateolabrax japonicus).

Kuswana

Ngakhale kuti wakupha ochepa amapha chaka chonse, nsonga yake imagwera kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu. Mimba imatenga miyezi 11-15,5. Mwana wamphaka m'modzi yekha amabadwa. Amakhala ndi amayi ake kwa miyezi 18 mpaka 24, pa msinkhu womwewo, kuyamwa kumachitika. Kutha msambo kumachitika zaka 8-10 mwa amuna komanso pa zaka 8-11 mwa akazi. Akabereka, zazikazi sizitha kubereka ana osakwana zaka 6.9.

Kittens amatha kuyima pawokha akangobadwa. Atasiya kuyamwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala mgulu limodzi ndi amayi awo.

Kuthengo, amuna amakhala pafupifupi zaka 57,5, akazi - 62,5 zaka. Zoti moyo udzakhala mu ukapolo sizikudziwika.

Kugawa

Mahagi ang'onoang'ono opha amafalitsidwa ku nyanja zonse za Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian. Kumpoto, sasambira kumpoto kwa 50 ° C. ., kumwera - kumwera kwa 52 ° kumwera. w.

Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku New Zealand, Peru, Argentina, South Africa, kumpoto kwa Indian Ocean, Australia, zisumbu za Indo-Malayan, Philippines komanso kumpoto kwa Yellow Sea. Zing'ono zazing'ono zopha zidapezeka ku Nyanja ya Japan, m'chigawo cha m'mphepete mwa Briteni, Bay of Biscay, ndi Nyanja Zofiirazo ndi Zamchere Zamchere. Anthu ena amakhala ku Gulf of Mexico komanso kuzungulira zilumba za Hawaii.

Chitetezo

M'madzi amphepete mwa nyanja ku China ndi Japan, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zikuyerekeza pafupifupi anthu 16,000, ku Gulf of Mexico - pa anthu 1038, ku zilumba za Hawaii - 268, kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean, anthu amtunduwu ali ndi nyama pafupifupi 39,800.

Ngakhale kuti pali zotsutsana pa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahafa ochepa akupha, pali umboni wotsimikizika wa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa m'malo omwe nkhanu zimapha. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo.

Ku Japan, mahava ochepa akupha amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ndipo ku Caribbean amaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi mafuta. Chiwerengero chachikulu chikhoza kuphedwa pachilumba cha Taiwan. Kuzungulira chilumba cha Ica, pafupifupi ma 900 a mahava omwe anaphedwa panthawi yophera nsomba kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1980.

Kumpoto kwa Australia, mahava opha nthawi zambiri amakodwa mu maukonde asodzi. Amathanso kumeza zinyalala za pulasitiki ndikunyamula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa imfa. Monga mahava ena ambiri, aguluguwe ochepa owononga amatha kukhala ndi phokoso lamphamvu, monga ngati sitima zapamadzi komanso kukokoloka kwa thambo. Kusintha kwanyengo kwa Dziko lapansi kungathenso kukhudza anthu awo, ngakhale kulosera kolondola sikudziwika.

Pomwe nkhono zakupha zimakhala

Malo okhala anyani ang'onoang'ono opha amafikira kunyanja kotentha komanso kwamadzi otentha am'nyanja. Nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi izi zimapezeka mu Nyanja Yofiira komanso ya Mediterranean, ku Atlantic. Ku Pacific Ocean, amakhala m'malo amtunda kuchokera ku New Zealand kupita ku Japan. Kummawa kwa Pacific, nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimapha zimakhala ku Cape Horn ndi m'mphepete mwa Alaska. Mu Indian Ocean, mtunduwu wasankha gombe lakummawa kwa Africa, komanso madzi akumwera chakum'mawa ndi Asia.

Nyama za mtundu wa Killer zimakhala munyanja ndi nyanja.

Mverani mawu a whale wakupha

Zoyambira zazikazi zam'madzizi zimakhala m'mgulu lalikulu. Zimasamukira mtunda wocheperako, ndiye kuti, kuchokera pagombe la Africa mtunduwu suyenda m'mphepete mwa Australia.

Nyama zazing'onoting'ono zazikazi ndi zolengedwa zanzeru kwambiri.

Zambiri zosangalatsa zazing'onoting'ono zakupha

Zosasinthika zamtunduwu ndizochulukitsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2005 m'madzi aku kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia, monga ku Gulf of Geograph, mahava ang'ono mazana angapo adaponyedwa pamtunda. Matupi awo akuda adadzaza pafupifupi gombe lonse. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, magulu anayi anapezeka; mtunda pakati pamagulu anali pafupifupi 300 metres. Mwachidziwikire anali magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe pazifukwa zina amayenda pagombe lomwelo.

Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za oyang'anira dera, nyama zosauka zija zidapulumutsidwa ndikubwerera kumadzi. Kulowererapo kwa anthu kunathandizira kuti asaphedwe ndi unyinji wazaka zazikulu zakupha. Mwa anthu onse, munthu mmodzi yekha ndi amene anamwalira. Ntchito yopulumutsa imeneyi inafunikira kuti odzipereka okwana 1,500 atenge nawo mbali.

Nthawi zina nkhono zakupha zimasambitsidwa kumtunda.

Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2009, pagombe la West Africa, ku Mauritania, zikwanje zazing'onoting'ono zophedwa zidasambitsidwa kumtunda. Adapezeka m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi ya 10 a.m. ambiri odzipereka adasonkhana, omwe zoyesayesa zawo zidakwanitsa kukonza gombe la zigawenga zakupha pofika 4 p.m. Koma anthu sanathe kupulumutsa anthu 44 nthawi ino.

Khalidwe laling'onoting'ono la wakuphayo silimapeza tanthauzo. Pali lingaliro kuti izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zina zapansi pamadzi zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono lapansi, komanso zomwe anthu sadziwa chilichonse, popeza zili pansi pamadzi. Koma nanga bwanji ma dolphin ena sanatayidwe kunja nthawi yomweyo ndi anamgulu ang'onoang'ono owapha? Ndiye kuti, machitidwe oterewa amapezeka ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, pomwe oimilira kunyanja zina amachita mwachilengedwe.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.