Pamwambapa: zofukula za Aldiomedes angustirostris; m'munsimu: chigaza cha nthenga wamiyendo yakuda wa albatross Phoebastria, m'modzi wa banja laling'ono.

Jean-Claude Stahl / Te Papa

Akatswiri a Paleontologists adafotokoza za mtundu watsopano wa mtundu wa albatrosses womwe udakhala zaka 3-3,4 miliyoni zapitazo ku New Zealand, malinga ndi International Journal of Avian Science. Anali membala wocheperako m'banjamo, ndipo kuweruza ndi mulomo wake, adasaka nsomba. Chomwe adamwalira sichikudziwika. Monga momwe ofufuzawo amanenera, sakanatha kupirira mpikisano ndi mbalame zina zamnyanja.

Tsopano mitundu inayi ya mbalame imadziwika m'mabanja a albatross, omwe ambiri amakhala ku Southern Hemisphere. Awa ndi mbalame zazikulu za m'madzi za kunyanja, zomwe zimakonda kudya cephalopods, mpaka ochepa nsomba ndi crustaceans, ngakhale amatha kudya zovalazo ndi zooplankton. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa ma albatross amakhala ndi njira yawo yadyera, ina amadya ma cephalopods, ena makamaka pa crustaceans kapena nsomba. Ma Albatross amakhala ndi fungo labwino, zomwe zimawalola kufunafuna nyama ndi fungo. Oimira wamkulu kwambiri pabanjapo, akungoyendayenda komanso kum'mwera kwa chifumu cha albatrosses, ali ndi mapiko a 3.7 metres (iyi ndi mbiri yonse pakati pa mbalame zamakono), ndipo kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika kilogalamu 11. Albatrosses aang'ono kwambiri, osuta komanso akuda amalemera kilogalamu 2.4-3.4, ndipo mapiko awo amafika mamita awiri.

Zotsalira za albatross wakale kwambiri, Kugonjera kwa Murunkusadapezeka ku Uzbekistan mu Middle Eocene sediments (zaka 37-47 miliyoni zapitazo). Komabe, mbalameyi sinali ngati oyimilira a banjali amakono, ndipo zake zomwe zili mgululi ndizokayikitsa. Mbalame ina Tydea septentrionalis, yemwe adakhala zaka zoyambira Oligocene zaka 30-31 miliyoni zapitazo, amadziwika kale kuti ndi albatrosses. Kukula kwake, kunkafanana ndi albatross wamakono wakuda, yemwe amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 80-95, ndipo mapiko ake ndi mamita 2-2.5. Ku Middle Miocene (zaka 12,000 miliyoni zapitazo), gululi lidagawika m'magulu anayi amakono. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zokwiyira za mbalame zamtunduwu Phoebastria Mitundu ya albatrosses (Diomedea) yopezeka ku California ndi Oregon, motsatana.

Akatswiri a Paleontologists a Gerald Mayr a Museum ya Zenckenberg ku Frankfurt ndi Alan J. D. Tennison a Museum of New Zealand afotokoza mtundu watsopano wa mitundu ya albatrosses omwe amakhala zaka 3-3.4 miliyoni zapitazo ku New Zealand. Chigoba chake pafupifupi chonsecho chinapezeka mu Tangahoe Fform mu 2011.

Aldiomedes angustirostris, monga momwe mbalame imatchulidwira, inali yaying'ono kwambiri pa ma albatross amakono onse. Kutalika kwa chigaza chake kunkakhala pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya kutalika kwa chigaza cha anthu ochepa kwambiri m'banjamo, osuta fodya (albatrosses)Phoebetria). Albatross wakale sanali wofanana ndi wamakono osati kukula kwake. Anali ndi mlomo wopyapyala modabwitsa womwe umafanana ndi milomo ya mbalame za mbalame zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda kusaka nsomba. Zakudya zamitundu yambiri yamakono zimakhala ndi cephalopods.

Chifukwa A.angustirostris wasowa, wina akhoza kungolota. "Ndizotheka kuti ku Pliocene, adakhala ndi zikhalidwe zachilengedwe ndizofanana ndi mbalame zina zam'nyanja, monga ngati ma gannetwhales ndi cormorants, ndipo pamapeto pake adalolera," akutero Herald Mayr. "Komabe, kuti tithe kuyesa izi, tifunika kuwonjezera zinthu zina zakale za mbalame za nthawi imeneyo."

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma albatross samangokhala eni mapiko akulu okha pakati pa mbalame. Mbalame yakale kwambiri yamoyo, mbalame ya albatross dzina lake Wisdom, idatchedwa Wisdom mu 1951, ndipo idakwanyidwa mu 1956. Chaka chatha, mbalame ya zaka 68 ija idayikanso dzira.

Assaizi

Mizikiti yomwe idasankhidwa kuti iwonongedwe inali isanakwane. Zovutazi zinayamba pafupifupi nthawi imodzi - ku Al-Nur Mosque pa Deans Avenue nthawi ya 13:40 nthawi (3:40 nthawi ya Moscow), komanso ku Lynwood Masjid - pafupifupi 13:45. Panali wowukira m'modzi yekha mu mzikiti, apolisi adamanganso bambo wina atavala yunifolomu pafupi ndi sukuluyi ndi mzimayi wina.

Chithunzi: AP / TASS

Zambiri ndizodziwika pokhudza kuukira kwa Al-Nur, komwe kunapha anthu 30. Wowonayo - mzungu - adayamba kuwombera panja: amuna awiriwo atayima pakhomo, ndipo atamaliza ndi mzere wa m'modzi wa iwo, yemwe anali kuyesayesa kunyamuka, analowa mkatimo, pomwe adatsegula kuwombera kopanda tsankho. Alendo ku mzikiti womwe adabisala mosokonezeka m'makona, m'modzi mwa iwo, osavulazidwa, adalumphira muvi mu kanjira, koma sizidathandizike .. Kuukira kudatenga pafupifupi mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, pomwe adatha kubwerera mgalimoto kamodzi pamakalata atsopano.

Mwamunayo adamangidwa pambuyo pa kuukira: dalaivala yemwe amadutsa adawombera vidiyo yokhudza momwe adayikidwa pansi ndi apolisi. Zikudziwika kuti anali kale ndi mlandu wopha anthu, mawa alowa kukhothi.

Zochepa zimadziwika za kuukira kwachiwiri - womenyedwayo adafika ku Subaru yasiliva, kuwombera pafupifupi 20 pomwepo, ndipo Asilamu omwe amakhala moyandikana nawo adakana ndikuwabweza moto. Malinga ndi malipoti aposachedwa, anthu pafupifupi 10 adaphedwa chifukwa cha izi.

Zolinga

Atolankhani adazindikira dzina la wowukira - uyu ndi wa zaka 28 waku Australia Khwalala la Brenton, posachedwa, malinga ndi akuluakulu, asamukira ku New Zealand. Atatsala pang'ono kuukira, adatumiza chithunzi cha masamba makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi chisanu (74) pomwe ankalankhula za kudana ndi zachikhalidwe komanso kusamukira kudziko lina, ndipo amadzitcha "ethno-nationalist and eco-fascist," ndipo zomwe adachita zinali zachigawenga.

M'njira ya katekisimu, Tarrant adayankha mafunso ake, nthawi yomweyo akuwuza ma memes omwe anali ofala m'mabwalo oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, adadzitcha "wowononga kebabs" (kutanthauza kuphedwa kwa fuko la ku Bosnia la 1995), nthabwala yake yotchedwa African-American Candice Owens, yemwe amathandizira anthu aku Republican ("Ndi chivomerezo chilichonse, kufuna chiwawa mwa ine kunaletsa kudzichepetsa") adaitanitsa kulembetsa kwa mmodzi wa Youtuber PewDiePie wamkulu, yemwe m'mbuyomu amamuganizira kuti amathandizira ufulu. Pangani, tumizani, ndikugawa memes. Achitira anthu amitundu yambiri kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse, ”adalemba.

Chimango chochokera pa kufalitsa kwa Brenton Tarrant m'magulu ochezera

Panthawi yakuukira, adafalitsa pa intaneti, ndipo ngakhale Facebook, Instagram ndi Twitter nthawi yomweyo adachotsa maakaunti ake, kubwezeretsanso zojambulazo kumapezekabe patsamba. Anayamba kulengeza motere: "Phwandolo liyambike" akuyendetsa mgalimoto limodzi ndi nyimbo yofalitsa Serbia yolimba, ndipo pampando wakutsogolo komanso mumtengo anali ndi mfuti zingapo zomwe anali kujambulapo. Wowukira mnzakeyo anali atavala yunifolomu.

Atolankhani ku Daily Sabah adawerenga zomwe zidalembedwa pazida - kuwonjezera pamawu monga "Pano, mgwirizano wa osamukasamuka" ndi "mawu 14," Tarrant adanenanso pamanenedwe ake. Makamaka, panali asitikali omwe adatsogolera ku nkhondo yolimbana ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman (mwachitsanzo, ngwazi ya nkhondo ya ku Turkey-Venetian ya m'zaka za zana la 17, Bayo Pivlyanin ndi wothandizira wa Russia Dmitry Senyavin). Tarrant adatengera chidwi ndi omwe adakhala nawo nthawi imodzi - pamfuti, adalemba za woweruza waku Italiya wowombera anthu ochokera ku Africa, a Luca Traini, ndi Alexander Bisonnett, omwe adatsegula moto mosikiti ku Quebec.

Zithunzi kuchokera pa akaunti ya Twitter ya Brenton Tarrant

Tsopano ngozi yayitali yadziwika m'dziko lonselo, mizikiti yonse ku New Zealand yatsekedwa. Boma lapadera lidayamba kugwira ntchito mpaka madzulo ku Christchurch: masukulu adatsekedwa, nzika zam'deralo zidapemphedwa kuti zisachoke kunyumba, apolisi adakhalabe m'malo. Zomwe zimafa zimakhazikitsidwa.

M'mawu ake, Prime Minister waku New Zealand, a Jacinda Ardern, adatinso zomwe zachiwopsezicho. "Nditawafotokozera omwe akuwopsezawo omwe alibe malo ku New Zealand komanso, kudziko lino. Kuukira kumeneku sikunachitike chifukwa timavomereza kusankhana mitundu komanso sonkhanitsani zokuda. Ayi, chifukwa timayimira zosiyana. Ndife nyumba kwa omwe amagawana zikhulupiriro zathu, pothawirapo iwo amene akuzifuna. Ndipo zachigaŵenga sizikuwononga maziko ano. ”

Penguin ndi mbalame yomwe ikuuluka!

Chimodzi mwamaulendo athu opita ku Argentina chinali: kuwona ma penguins pafupi. Pali njira ziwiri zachikhalidwe izi: malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a Valdes ndiulendo wochokera ku Ushuaia. Komabe, muFebruary, Valdes sakhala nyengo yathunthu - mulibe ma whale, ndipo mwanjira yake sizinali zofunikira kwambiri kwa ife. Ku Ushuaia, kunalinso zovuta zina: mtengo ndi pulogalamu. Musachoke bwato konse (ndichisoni), kapena pitani ndi kampani yokhayo yomwe imalola kuti ikwere (150US $ pamunthu aliyense, osayandikira ma penguins).

Zotsatira zake, ndidaganiza kuti kwa ma penguin tidzapita mumzinda wa Puerto San Julian. Osati malo oyendayenda kwambiri, kukhala oona mtima. Maulendo opanga bungwe amakonzedwa ndi kampani imodzi. Nayi sitima yathu:

Pazonse, panali anthu 9 omwe akukwera, zikuwoneka kuti wina adalembanso ndege yachiwiri.

Mukamayenda pachilumbachi ndi ma penguins, munthu amatha kuyang'ana kunyanja.

. ma dolphin, ndi ma penguin amayamba. Sizin zotheka kujambula, chifukwa ma dolphin anali othamanga kwambiri, ndipo ma penguin adadumphira nthawi yayitali bwatilo lisanayandikane.

Koma kuchokera m'bwatomo mungathe kuwona zowoneka bwino za mzindawo (onse). Ndege (ndege zakhazikika pano pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Malvinas).

. Zithunzi zankhondo ya Magellan:

Mutha kukwera mkatimo, osungirako zinthu zakale, zokongola, koma zopanda chithunzi. Chiwerengero cha alendo akunja komweko chikhoza kuweruzidwa chifukwa chowasamalira adamufunsa kuti ajambule nafe. :) Koma ndidapatuka pamutuwu. Chifukwa chake, tidafika pachilumbachi:

Nthawi yomweyo mumakhala ngati munthu m'mabuku a Jules Verne: pachilumba chopanda kanthu, chamtchire, mbalame masauzande ambiri omwe saopa anthu.

Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kuyang'ana kumzinda - uli pafupi kwambiri:

Ma penguin amayenda kupita pachilumbachi. Mu February, kukula kwachinyamata kumatha kuonedwa mosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza pa ma penguins, mitundu ina ya mbalame imakhala pano:

Tidali ndi nthawi yaulere pachilumbachi: woyang'anira adangotifunsa kuti tisapite kutali.

Kodi mungayandikire kuti ma penguin? Inde, ngakhale zili choncho:

Ambiri amakhala odekha, koma ena, akaona munthu akuyandikira, amayamba kugwedeza mitu yawo monyinyirika.

Luso kubisala munthambi za mitengo.

Bhonasi yowonjezeredwa inali kuchezera m'magulu awiri ochulukirapo.

M'mphepete mwa bulauni pansi pa matako si miyala. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ngakhale nkhondo zidamenyedwapo - guano. Zowona, zosanjikiza zake ndizochepa pano, ndipo fungo silinamveke konse. Apa sitinapite kumtunda, koma mbalame zinali pafupi mokwanira.

Mu koloni yachiwiri, anthu anali ocheperako. Mtundu wina wosiyana wa cormorant.

Kuphatikiza kwinanso kwakukulu kwa ulendowu kunali mtengo: tinapereka pafupifupi 110 madola asanu. Ndipo masanawa tinapita kukayenda m'mbali mwa msewu kudzera mumsewu wabwino kwambiri, koma zochulukirapo pazotsatira.

Pischa

Pisukha ndi mbalame yaying'ono yochokera ku Passeriformes, woimira

fuko Pisukh. Pamwamba pa thupi, maula ndi mitundu, mchirawo umakhala wofiyira, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumakhala utoto wonyezimira. Nthenga zazitali komanso zolimba zimamuthandiza kukhala wowongoka pamtengo wa mitengo. Mlomo ndi woonda motalika, komanso wopindika. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizidwa m'gulu la mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'nkhalango zathu, koma sikuyenda kulikonse komwe kumagwira.

Pika ndi mbalame yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa maula, ndizowona

kuphatikizika ndi khungwa la mitengo yamitondo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mbalameyi imayenera kudya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, motero imangoyendayenda ndikufunafuna chakudya.

Njira yoyendayenda pamtengo pika ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi nkhwangwa. Koma ndi imodzi

Kusiyanitsa kofunikira - kumangoyambira pansi mpaka pansi. Kufika

mtengo wina wa chakudya, cholengedwa chokhala ndi mbewa chimagwira

a dziko lapansi, nayamba ulendo wake wopita kumwamba. Ndipo kotero osayima. Koma sakonda kuuluka.

Nthawi yoyamba kuwona pika inali pa Disembala 28, 2018. Inde, inde, chimodzimodzi, ndikukumbukira msonkhano uno mpaka pano, chifukwa chithunzi chake choyamba chidaphatikizidwa ndi chithunzi changa cha mbalame "chithunzi-zebestov". Zikuwoneka kuti ndimamukondanso, chifukwa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo pika idakumana ndi maso anga pafupipafupi. Ndizoseketsa, koma nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imatha kudziwa bwinobwino momwe imawonera. Chifukwa, chifukwa cha luso laulemu, mumazindikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake, kunja kwa ngodya ya diso.

Apanso, theka la zithunzi sizinawonongeke pakayikidwa

Zaryanka

Mbalame yokongola iyi ili ndi mayina angapo. Dziko limamudziwa iye ngati mbandakucha, phwiti, mbandakucha, m'bandakucha. Koma pazifukwa zina ndimakonda zaryanka zokha.

Zaryanka ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yotalika masentimita 14. Ukulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi magalamu 15 okha, mapiko kuyambira 17 mpaka 20 cm.

Nthenga zimakhala zofewa komanso zofewa, sizitsatira thupi, ndichifukwa chake zaryanka imawoneka yozungulira komanso yofewa, ngati phwayi. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi miyendo yayitali yolimba, yomwe imadumphira pansi mosavuta. Mbalinsoyo imachita imvi, pamphumi, pakhosi, pachifuwa ndipo gawo lake limakhala lalanje, ndipo m'mimba mwayera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinakumana ndi zaryanka nthawi yozizira ya 2017. Chifukwa chake, kuti ndisamasungidwe, ndinayenera kuyenda kwambiri m'nkhalango. Chifukwa cha zomwe ndidakumana nazo kale mpira wowoneka bwino, wonyozeka atakhala panthambi. Mwa njira, zaryanki amakhala oleza mtima ndi akunja, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kujambulidwa bwino. Zimapezeka mu nkhalango yonse kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.

Zaryanka ali ndi mawu osangalatsa ndikuyimba kuyambira kucha kucha (dzina lake) mpaka kucha. Komanso, amuna ndi akazi onse amayimba, zomwe sizachilendo kwa akazi a nyimbo. Pamodzi ndi bolthroat komanso bere-badger, ali m'gulu la nyimbo zitatu za nyimbo zake - amagwirizana ndi foni kuchokera pafoni. Mu nyengo, kuswana pansi pa chophimba ichi, ndinatha kuyandikira zaryanik pamalo opanda kanthu, pamtunda wamtunda wa 2 metres. Nthawi yomweyo, iwo ankandimvera “mosamala” mosamala, osasokoneza, ndipo ankangoyankha pang'ono. Mukuti chiyani, ulemu, osati ngati kuvutitsidwa kwausiku.

Chaka chino ndinakumana koyamba ndi zaryanka tsiku lomwelo dzulo, ndichifukwa chake ndidasankha kulemba.

Pa zithunzi 4 zomaliza, pali achinyamata.

Mbalame yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, tinalankhula za mbalame yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, wamkazi wazaka 68 dzina lake Wizdom yemwe amatchedwa Wizdom: m'mwezi wa Disembala, sanabwererenso komweko, komanso kuyikira dzira. Zotsatira zake, zonse zili bwino mu banja la albatross: tsopano asayansi apeza mwana wankhuku. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwawo, uyu akhoza kukhala wazaka 37 "mwana" Wizdom.

Chatham Albatross Nates

Mu chithunzichi, anapiye a Chatham albatrosses (Thalassarche eremita) akukhala zisa, kwambiri ngati mbiya kapena miphika ya dongo. Zambiri zotere kuchokera ku dothi ndi dongo zimapangidwa ndi ma albatrosses ambiri akumwera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo amiyala, pomwe dzira limakhala pachiwopsezo chambiri, kapenanso kuswa popanda “dongo”. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndi dothi m'milomo yawo, milomo ya udzu ndi mbewa ndi zinthu zina zochokera pafupi ndi chisa, kenako ndikumaliza ndi mavu awo. Awiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chisa chomwechi kwazaka zambiri, kuzikonzanso ndikumanga.

Chatham Albatross, ngati nthumwi zina za mtundu Mollimauk, ndiwofala kwambiri molingana ndi mfundo za albatross. Mapiko ake samaposa 2.2 m, pomwe oyimira wamkulu kwambiri a banja la albatross amafikira 3.5 m - kuposa mbalame ina iliyonse yamoyo. Mapiko autali oterowo amafunikira ndi ma albatross a mtundu wapadera wothawa - wotchedwa Dynamic chikukwera, pomwe mbalame sizitha kupanga mapiko kwa nthawi yayitali: izi zimawalola kuphimba mtunda wawutali ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo amatha kufikira kuthamanga mpaka 85 km / h. Akuluakulu a Chatham albatrosses amakhala pachaka chambiri akuyenda kumwera chakum'mwera kwa Pacific Ocean - kuchokera ku Australia kupita ku Chile, m'malo mwa dera la Peruvia.

Koma pofuna kupeza chisa, onse oimira nyamazo mobwerezabwereza amabwerera kumalo amwala - Pyramid, kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa zilumba za Chatham, zomwe zili kum'mawa kwa New Zealand. Chilumbachi chimakhala ndi dzina lake: ndi chokhaza, chopanda mitengo zamitengo, pafupifupi mwala.

Kuswana kwa Albatross kumatha kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Epulo. Zimatenga masiku 70 kuti banjali lizimitsa dzira limodzi. Panthawi yosamalira anapiye, mbalame zachikulire zimakhalabe mkati mwa 300 km pachilumbachi, ndipo zimawadyetsa osati nsomba, squid, zophimba ndi krill, komanso mafuta am'mimba, omwe amapangidwa m'mimba yawo yotsitsa. Izi zosasangalatsa zonunkhira zimagwiranso ntchito yoteteza - makamaka anapiye, omwe amatha kugwidwa ndi skuas, gulls akuluakulu ndi adani ena.

Nkhuku zimatha zisa zawo kwa miyezi yoposa inayi, osazisiya. Popita nthawi, kuchezeredwa ndi makolo ndi chakudya kumakhala kocheperako, koma anapiye amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amapezeka: akamadyetsedwa kwambiri amakhala olemera kuposa makolo awo. Chovala chokhacho chimasinthidwa ndi nthenga, mbalame zazing'ono nthawi ndi nthawi zimatambasula mapiko awo, kenako tsiku lina labwino zimangouluka kupita kunyanja ndikuyamba kudzidyetsa.

Monga zilumba zina zambiri za kunyanja ya Pacific, Chatham Archipelago amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame, zomwe sizipezeka kwina konse. Pafupifupi onse anakhudzidwa kwambiri zisumbu zitayamba kukulitsa anthu. Mitundu ina, monga Chatham's petroetics (Petroica traversi), idapulumutsidwa ndikuwonongeka, ina - pakati pawo Chatham penguin (Eudyptes chathamensis) - idasowa. Malo okhala mitundu yambiri ya zilumbazi ndi ochepa kwambiri chifukwa zotchingira madzi ambiri sangagonjetse. Ma Albatrosses ndi osiyana kwambiri: mbalame izi, m'malo mwake, ndizabwino kuposa wina aliyense pakuwuluka panyanja. Komabe, dongosolo la ma phale, kapena kuti ma tubular-nosed, omwe ma albatross amakhala ake, amadziwika ndi philopathy (kuchokera ku Greek "kukonda kwawo") - kudziphatika kumalo komwe adabadwira.

Chatham Albatross pa chisa chimodzi cha dzira. Chithunzi chochokera kwa nzbirdsonline.org.nz

Chatham albatrosses amayamba kubereka mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha chisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo, ndipo patatha zaka zambiri amapeza mosazindikira chilumba chaching'ono chomwe iwonso adabadwira. Ku mbali imodzi, ndikofunikira: komwe makolo anu amakhala, mutha kukhala ndi ana, ndipo pambali, pakhoza kukhala pali mbalame zina pachilumbacho zomwe zili zokonzeka kuphatikizana. Mwa njira, nthenga za albatross zimapanga moyo ndipo zimalumikizananso m'zinthu zamtsogolo zoberekera. Koma mbali inayo, chifukwa chodziphatika ndi malo osungira, kukhazikikanso kumakhala kosakwiya. Ndipo ngati mtundu wonse wakuberekana ukhazikika kumtunda wocheperako, ndiye kuti nyengo yokhayo imatha kukhudza kutha kwa mitundu yonseyo.

Izi zachitika kale ndi Chatham albatross: mu 1985, mkuntho wamphamvu unawononga kwambiri dothi ndi zomera pachilumbachi, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kubereka. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu mu albatrosses kumachedwa kwambiri: mbalame zimaberekera zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndipo zimangokhala dzira limodzi lokha. Zinatenga zaka zopitilira 15 kubwezeretsa anthu; kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000s, anthu ake akukhalabe osakwiririka - mbalame pafupifupi 16,000, zomwe pafupifupi 11,000 zikugwira nawo ntchito yoweta. Poyerekeza, gulu la anthu okhala ndi zanyama zambiri za albatross - okhala ndi khungu lakuda (Phoebastria immutabilis) - ali ndi theka opitilira theka miliyoni. Koma ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo tsopano, alawe, kukuchepa.

Philopathy yapamwamba kwambiri imathandizanso kuti mitundu yatsopano ipangidwe. Ndizotheka kuti anali iye yemwe adagwira nawo mbali chisankho chodzilekanitsa cha Chatham albatross ndi mitundu iwiri yapamtundu - albatross wokhala ndi ma-albatross ndi albatross wa albatross. Mitunduyi inali ndi mwayi woposa ma Chatham albatross: kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwawo kunali kokwera kangapo, ndipo mitundu ingapo yobereketsa inkadziwika aliyense. Mpaka pano, mitundu itatu yonseyi imakhala yofanana kwambiri mwakuti mpaka posachedwa yomwe idawerengedwa, kusanthula kwa DNA kumatsimikizira mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu ya mitundu yonseyi, ngakhale kuti ndizotheka kuti adazipeza kalekale.

Dera la "Chatham albatrosses" lochita kupanga lomwe lili kumtunda kwa chilumba cha Chatham. Anapiye am'madzi osunthidwa kuchoka kuzilumba kupita kuzilumba za Pyramid ali moyandikana ndi mitundu ya mbalame zachikulire, zomwe zimathandizira kukopa mawonekedwe a mitundu yawo. Chithunzi chochokera kwa taiko.org.nz

Masiku ano, kusintha kwanyengo kwa dziko lonse kukukonzekera kuyesa kwatsopano kwa mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja: makamaka, tsopano kuli mkuntho wowopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu am'madzi am'madzi nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi makoswe ndi zina zanyumba zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu, komanso chifukwa chotolera mazira osaloledwa. Kuteteza albhamoss wa Chatham, a New Zealand oteteza zachilengedwe, ogwirizana ndi Taiko Trust ya komweko, agwira ntchito yodzipereka. Popeza ma albatross safuna kukhazikika, adakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo latsopano.

Pa ntchito yayikulu ya Albatross Translocation, anapiye opitilira 300 a Chatham albatross adasamutsidwira kumalo otetezedwa kumphepete mwa gombe la kumadzulo kwa Chatham Island, ndilo lalikulu kwambiri kuzilumba. Apa maphika enieni a maluwa amafunikira - amatsata bwino zisa zachilengedwe za albatrosses.

Amapeto omaliza a Chatham albatross omwe adasamukira pachilumba chatsopano ku Chatham Island, atatsala pang'ono kuchoka mchisa. Kumbuyo kuli chithunzi cha mbalame yachikulire. Chithunzi chochokera kwa taiko.org.nz

Pambuyo paulendo, gulu lonse la odzipereka adadyetsa anapiyewo ndi nsomba ndi squid. Kwa zaka zisanu ntchitoyi - kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2018 - anapiye amafunikira zakudya zopitilira matani 18! Ndipo mu Epulo 2018, albatross womaliza adasiya chisa chake chopanga. Chaka chamawa, mbalame za zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa, pokumbukira malo omwe zigawo zatsopanozo zimakhalira, zimatha kubwerera ndikuyamba kubera zenizeni. Njira yakukhazikitsidwako poyeserera kale inayesedwa bwino pamitundu ina ya albatrosses.

Pali zoopsa zambiri zomwe zikudikira albatross paulendo wautali. Monga mbalame zina za kunyanja, ma albatross amayenda ndi sitima zodzipereka, akudya nyambo yoponyedwa mnyanja. Nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa chololedwa mu maukonde asodzi (onani Gillnetting) kapena kugwira ma hook asodzi a nsomba zazitali (onaninso kusanja kwa Longline). Kusintha kwa njira yasodziyi kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuvulaza - zida zopangira, zida zapadera zam'madzi zomwe zimamiza kuthamanga mwakuya kosatheka kufikirika kwa mbalame, komanso kusodza mumdima pamene mbalame sizikugwira ntchito. Tsoka ilo, njirazi sizinachitikebe kulikonse, ndipo ma albatross oposa 8,000, komanso akambuwa ena ambiri am'madzi, amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chokhala asodzi.

Ma albatross amakhalanso ndi adani achilengedwe - anamgumi opha, shaki, mikango yam'nyanja ndi nyambo zam'nyanja. Albatrosses ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zaka zoyambirira za moyo: pafupifupi, 1020% yokha ya mbalame imakhala chokhwima. Mu mbalame zazikulu, kuphedwa kwamunthu munthawi yachilengedwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wa albatross chimafika zaka 50 komanso zopitilira - izi zimakwanira pobereka pang'onopang'ono. Tikukhulupirira kuti zoyesayesa zamtchire zitha kuthandiza a Chatham albatross kuchoka pamzere woopsa womwe abale ake ambiri ali pafupi.

Amubweretsa muholo ndikuyika kutsogolo kwa kamera. Yemwe amawoneka ngati chilombo, zimapezeka, si wamtali. Ndipo ali wamantha bwanji poyesa kulankhula ndi woweruzayo. Ichi ndi Brenton Tarrant waku Australia. Woyamba, mbadwa yaogwira ntchito, ndi mzungu wamba - Umu ndi momwe amadzinenera.

Marichi 15, 13:30. Kuyamba kumayamba pawaulutsa. Choyamba, nyimbo ya ku Serbia kuyambira nthawi yankhondo ku Yugoslavia ikulira, kuguba kwa ma grenadiers aku Britain kuli kale pafupi ndi mzikiti. Pakadali pano, omwe adayenda naye, omwe tsopano ali mndende, adawombera mzikiti wina.

mphindi zisanu - 50 atamwalira. Kuyika, kodi ndikuchita mantha kwambiri? Koma, atakhala kumbuyo kwa gudumu, adzafotokozera motere: "Ndinali wosasunthika, kunalibe njira yoti ndichitikire, panali zigoli zambiri." Ndipo pitilizani kuwombera kuchokera mgalimoto. Mpaka apolisi apite ku nkhosa yamphongoyo ndikuyiyika pamaso pa phulusa. Mu thunthu mudzapeza zida zophulika zowongoleredwa.

Kuwombera komanso kubuula kuchokera tawuni yakachete ya Christchurch kudzadabwitsa New Zealand, ndikupitilira dziko lonse lapansi. Brenton Tarrant amandia ndani? Funso'lo lititsogolera pomwe dzina la wachigawenga wina - Anders Breivik.

Breivik anapha iwo omwe amachirikiza dziko kuti livomereze osamuka. Tarrant anaukira mzikiti. Ndipo kufanana kwayamba kumene. Tarrant adasindikiza kanema pawebusayiti, monganso Breivik zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo. Masamba 74 kuchokera ku Australia - awa ndi ochepa 20 poyerekeza ndi wa ku Norway. Koma mawu omwewo ndi ofanana: kudzipha kwachikhalidwe, kupha anthu ambiri ndi zina zotero, zomwe, poganiza kuti zigawenga zonsezi, zikuchitika tsopano ndi chitukuko chakumadzulo. Adalemba kuti zonsezi ndizothandiza anthu athu komanso tsogolo la ana oyera.

Tarrant adadzifunsira pawokha - Breivik adagwiritsanso ntchito njira yomweyo. Mu uthengawu, adayankha funso: chifukwa chiyani adaganiza zoukira mzikiti ku New Zealand, pomwe Asilamu amapanga zochulukirapo?

Khwalala la Brenton"Zomwe zachitika ku New Zealand zionetsa za kuwukira kwathu komanso zomwe zili pabwino padziko lapansi."

Ndipo tsopano gawo losangalatsa. “Ndinkacheza mwachidule ndi Breivik. Anadalitsa ntchito yanga atatha kulumikizana ndi anthu ake, "analemba Tarrant.

Pamene Breivik adayesedwa, adatsutsa: kumbuyo kwake kuli gulu lobisika lamanja lamanja la "Templars zatsopano." Ngakhale abodza, zikuwoneka kuti adatha kuyambiranso ndende kuchokera kundende.

Geir Lippestad, yemwe kale anali loya wa a Breivik: “Ndinalandira phukusi lodzaza ndi maswiti komanso makalata abwino kwambiri. Izi sizitengera ine, koma za Breivik kuchokera kwa abwenzi ake ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. ”

Koma kodi ndizotheka kuti palibe amene akuwona zomwe zili m'makalatawa ndikuwukira kwa zigawenga ku New Zealand ndikuwonetseranso molakwika pamisonkhano yapadera ya ku Norway?

Pali malingaliro awiri, onse omwe ndi oletsedwa mwamtheradi. Choyamba: zigawenga zilibe dziko lililonse ndipo zimatha kupemphera kwa milungu yosiyana kotheratu. Ndipo chachiwiri: dziko lathuli limawoneka ngati nyumba yopanda magalasi pomwe simuponya miyala mnansi. Kwa ndani, yankho lake ndi liti ndipo yankho loti liziwomberedwe ku Christchurch, tsopano palibe amene akulonjeza.