Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Chingwe chachikulu, chopanda mchenga chaching'ono ngati khwangwala, chokhala ndi mulomo wotalika, wowongoka wowoneka bwino, miyendo yofiyira yocheperako komanso maula osiyanasiyana: pamwamba ndi chifuwa ndi chakuda, pansi ndi choyera. Mapiko a kutalika kwapakatikati, owongoka komanso opyapyala, mchira wowongoka pang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi 40-6 cm, mapiko 80-86 masentimita, kulemera kwa 440-600 g. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana kunja. Palibe mitundu yofananira.

Kufotokozera. Mutu, khosi, dera la interscapular ndi goiter ndi lakuda ndi mtundu wachitsulo wobiriwira. Pali kachidutswa koyera pansi pamaso. Pansi pa thupi, kumbuyo, nadhvost ndi nthenga zapamwamba za mchira ndizoyera. Nthenga za ntchentche zoyambirira zimakhala zofiirira, nthenga zachiwiri zimauluka. Mapiko apansi am'munsi ndi nthenga za axillary ndi zoyera. Kuuluka, chingwe choyera chokwanira chikuwoneka bwino kuchokera kumwamba. Mchira wake ndi wodera, loyera m'munsi. Mlomo wake ndi wofiyira kapena wowoneka ngati lalanje, miyendo ndi ofiira kapena ofiira, utawaleza ndi wofiyira, pali mphete yofiyira pakhungu. Mbalame zachikulire pazovala zachisanu zimakhala zachikuda monga chilimwe, koma pamakhala mawonekedwe oyera ngati khosi pakhosi, ndipo kumapeto kwa mulomo ndi bulauni.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tovala tating'ono tofanana ndi mbalame zachikulire mu nthenga zozizira, koma osati zakuda pamwambapa, koma zofiirira ndi nthenga zopepuka. Palibe malo oyera ammero, mulomo ndi wakuda ndi maziko oyera a lalanje, ofupikirapo kuposa akuluakulu, miyendo ndi yofiirira, utawaleza ndi wonyezimira, mphete ya khungu la periorbital ndi yakuda. Mbalame zazing'ono zovala zoyambirira yozizira zimawonekanso ngati mbalame zachikulire mu zovala zachisanu, koma nthambo za ocher zimasungidwa pazophimba mchira wapamwamba ndi pazovala zam'mapiko apamwamba, pali malo oyera pakhosi. Phukusi pamadzi pamwamba pamtundu wakuda ndi wotuwa komanso wakuda. Pakati pa msana pali mikwingwirima yakuda iwiri, pa chisoti cha mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu pali mawonekedwe ovuta a mawanga akuda. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumalumikizana ndi chingwe chakuda chakatikati. Mzere wakuda umadutsanso pakati pa mlomo ndi milatho. Khosi ndi khosi kumaso imvi, ena onse ndi oyera. Mlomo ndi wakuda, wothinikizidwa pambuyo pake momwemonso mwa akulu.

Voterani. Kuyimbako kumveka koopsa komanso komvekakrrriyu". Kukuwa kwa nkhawa - kubwereza mwachangu "Ki-pit, Ki-pit", Kapena"mwachangu, mwachangu". Mafunde omwe amachitika akuthawa kapena pansi amayamba ndi mawu omwewo, akusintha kukhala mosalekeza "mwachangu, mwachangu, mwachangu, mwachangu».

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Maderawa ndi ochulukirapo, kuphatikiza madera onse azilumba ndi makontinenti, kupatula Antarctica. Oimira a subspecies awiri amakhala kudera la Europe Russia - kumpoto kwa Magpie (H. o. nthiwatiwa), wokhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja za Baltic, White and Barents, kumapeto kwa Northern Dvina, kumwera mpaka pakati Pinega ndi Pechora wapakati, mainland magpie (H. o. mautali), wokhala mkati mwamadzi kumwera kwa zigwa za Mologa ndi Sukhona, Nyanja Kubensky, komanso gombe la nyanja ya Azov, Black ndi Caspian. Kukula nyengo yachisanu kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Europe, Russia, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku East ndi West Africa, Indian Ocean, Red Sea ndi Persian Gulf, pagombe la Atlantic ku France, Belgium ndi Netherlands.

Moyo. Pamalo osungira amawoneka kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amabwerera kumalo omwe anakhalapo zisa. Zowoneka bwino zimafotokozedwa bwino ndipo zimachitika mlengalenga komanso pansi. Ikawomba mumlengalenga, mbalame imakonda kuuluka pamwamba pamadzi ndikufuula kwambiri, ndikuwomba mapiko ake pang'onopang'ono, pomwe khosi limatambasulidwa kutsogolo, mchira umatseguka, mulomo umatsitsidwa. Magulu awiri am'madzi oyenda pansi - makumi anayi okhala malo akulu omwe amateteza ku magulu oyandikana nawo, kumpoto chakumadzulo-makumi anayi, malo otetezedwa amatha kukhala ochepa kwambiri, makamaka akakhala pachilumba cham'nyanja. Yaikazi imapanga maenje angapo oswana, momwe amodzi amadzikira mazira. Malo okongola ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zopangidwa ndi miyala, zipolopolo kapena mchenga, mitsinje yamchenga ndi miyala yamiyala, malovu ndi zisumbu, magombe otseguka a nyanja zopezeka mchere komanso mapiri enaake a chipululu, nthawi zina pamakhala udzu wocheperako komanso malo owetera mchere. Pakusamukira, mbalame zimayima m'mphepete mwa malo ena osungira.

Chisa chimatseguka pansi, nthawi zambiri, ndim kusefukira kwamphamvu, nthawi yayitali, m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndipo nthawi zina pam stump. Chisa ndi dzenje losaya lomwe lili ndi zipolopolo, miyala, zopopera masamba, nthawi zina sipangakhale mpanda. Zomangirazi zimakhala ndi 3-4, kawirikawiri 2 mchenga-wachikasu kapena mazira otumphukira okhala ndi madontho a bulauni ndi akuda, ma curls ndi mawanga. Akafa, omangawo akhoza kubwereranso chisa. Onsewa amalowerera masiku 25-31, nthawi zambiri amatsatizana. Pakachitika ngozi, amachoka chisa chikhalire, kuchoka mwakachetechete, kenako nkunyamuka ndikuzungulira ndikulirira koopsa chifukwa cha nkhawa. Anthu ena amachita ziwonetsero zosokoneza za mbalame yovulazidwa kapena yosaswa, kapena kuwukira mwakuwuluka pamalo owopsa ndikuyesera kumenya ndi mapiko. Zinyama zodya nyama zokhala ndi mpandawo (corvids, gulls, mbalame zodyedwa) zimazunzidwa mlengalenga, kuzunzidwa ndikuthamangitsidwa.

Mbalame zonse zazikulu zimasamalira anapiye, makolo amawadyetsa kwa milungu itatu, nthawi zina amabweretsa chakudya kuchokera kutali. Mukamadyetsa, mbalame yakale imabweretsa mwana wankhukuyo kwa ana ake, ndikuigwira pakamwa pake, ndikuyika chakudya pansi pamiyala yayikulu ndikuyimirira osagona nthawi yayitali kutsogolo kwa chakudyacho, ndikutsitsa mulomo wake mpaka anapiye ataganiza kuti angatenge chakudya. Nthawi zambiri amadya pafupi ndi madzi kapena madzi osaya. Amatha kusambira bwino, ndikugwera pansi pangozi. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuwuluka ali ndi pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Maulendo onyamuka kuchokera kumalo odyera kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Kutalikirako kumayenda m'mitsinje yayikulu kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chakudya chachikulu ndi ma bollve mollusks, omwe mbalame zimachotsa zigobazi, mwina pongomata mulomo pang'onopang'ono ndikutseguka minofu yotseka chigobacho, kapena kupindika zigawo, mutayika chipolopolo m'thanthwe kapena pakati pamiyala.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pansi pa miyala timapezeka tikakulowetsa mulomo pansi pa mwala wosasunthika ndikuutembenuza mwa kutsegula mulomo. Ma polcha amachokera ku silika, ndikutaya mulomo wake pansi ndikugwira nyongolotsi zake. Zigoba za crustacean zimathyoka ndikuomba kwa mulomo, ndipo tizilombo touluka ndi mphutsi zake zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera panthaka kapena m'madzi osaya. Kuphatikiza pa ma invertebrates am'madzi, amadyanso kachilomboka kosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi zake, mbozi za gulugufe, makutu a khutu, ndi mphutsi za diptera.

Sandpiper Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus)

Komwe kumakhala

Mtundu wa sandpiper wa magpie ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Mbalameyi imagawidwa ku madera a ku Arctic, Atlantic, Baltic ndi Mediterranean ku Europe, pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Asia Minor, ku Europe, Russia, ku Western Siberia chakum'mawa mpaka ku Abakan, pagombe lakumpoto kwa Nyanja Zakuda ndi Caspian, ku Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia, pagombe la Pacific Asia kumpoto kupita ku Kamchatka ndi kumwera ku Peninsula ya Korea. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Africa, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Iceland, North, Central ndi South America.

Paji la 40 oyenda pamadzi makumi anayi

Mitundu ina ya sandpiper ya magpie ndiyosowa kwambiri. Izi ndi monga ma subspecies a Haematopus ostralegus longipenis, omwe amagawidwa mokhazikika ku gawo la ku Europe, lomwe latsamba la Red Book. Magawo amtunduwu amakhala ndi pakati komanso kum'mwera kwa Europe Russia, Siberia Yakumadzulo komanso pang'ono. Ndipo mbalame zamtunduwu zimadutsa m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yofiira, Persian Gulf, India, ndi East Africa.

Malo okhala malo am'mphepete mwa sandpiper-magpie amapezeka m'chigwa cha mitsinje yayikulu komanso yapakatikati, m'mphepete mwa nyanja zatsopano komanso zamchere. Nthawi zina, imakhala m'malo opezeka madzi osefukira, pamiyala yamiyala yamchenga, ngakhale paminda ya mbatata.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Magpie Magpie ndi mbalame yayikulu (yamapiko mpaka 85 cm) yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yakuda ndi yoyera, mulomo wawukulu wowongoka wa lalanje komanso wopanda miyendo yayitali kwambiri ya pinki. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto chimodzimodzi. Thupi lam'mwamba ndi chifuwa cha mbalameyo ndi zakuda, ndipo thupi lotsika ndi loyera. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi bulauni, mulomo wakuda ndi miyendo ya bulauni. Mtundu wa mwana wankhuku wachikasu ndiwachikasu pamaso ndi mikwaso yakuda yayitali, pansi pake.

Moyo

Chidacho ndi dzenje laling'ono pansi, lomwe lili pafupi ndi madzi. Zingwe za chisa zimatha kukhalako kwathunthu kapena kukhala ndi udzu wambiri waudzu, timitengo, timiyala, zolumikizira.

Mbidzi zazing'ono za agpie zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi ndi makolo awo, ndipo poyamba mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsa anapiyewo, kenako zimayamba kudzidyetsa.

Mbalame za Magpie zimadya nyama zam'madzi zambiri komanso zam'madzi (crustaceans, larvae, nyongolotsi) ndi nsomba, koma chakudya chake chachikulu ndi bivalve mollusks (barele ndi toothless), mapiko omwe mbalame zimatsegula mwaluso ndi mlomo wawo wamtali wolimba.

Nthawi zambiri umisiri wamadzi 40 umasakazidwa ndi akhwangwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chomanga malo osungira komanso zosangalatsa m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, kuchuluka kwa malo oyenera kubwezeretseraku kukuchepetsedwa.

Kuswana

Mu kuyala kwa ma nyamayi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira atatu, kawirikawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri wazira mazira amchenga wachikasu okhala ndi madontho a bulauni. Zonsezi zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimazigwiritsa ntchito masiku 23-27. Raven, agull akuluakulu ndi mbalame zodya nyama, ma sandpip a ma sandpie amathamangitsidwa mderalo. Pakufika chisa cha munthu, mbalame zimawulukira patsogolo pake ndikuwuluka modutsa phokoso laphokoso, nthawi zina zimayenda pansi kapena m'modzi mwa iwo amatenga mlendo osayitanidwa kuchisa, kumanamizira kuti wavulala.

Kodi amphaka amadya chiyani?

Chakudya chachikulu cha sandpiper cha magpie chimadziwika kuti ndi nyama zam'madzi. Komabe, nsomba si chakudya chachikulu cha mbalameyi. Magpie ndi zosangalatsa amadya ma bollus, ma amphipods, ma fumbi, chinjoka, ntchentche za caddis, meya, ma sandwich. Msodzi wamadziyu samakana mazira a mbalame zina, kuposanso apo - amatha kulowereranso anapiye ang'onoang'ono!

Amasaka chakudya pagombe kapena m'madzi osaya. Nthawi zina amatha kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake losambira kusaka nyama zam'madzi. Mothandizidwa ndi mlomo wake wakuthwa komanso wamphamvu, nyamayi ya sandpiper imaphwanya zipolopolo za mollusks ndikusangalala ndi nyama yawo yosakhwima ndi chisangalalo.

Magpie waders adasonkhana pamalo odyetserako.

Mverani mawu a Magpie Sandpiper

Liwu la sandpiper wamba

Mawu a sandpiper waku Amereka waku America

Mawu a Magpie Sandpiper aku Australia

Akakhwima, wamkazi amayamba kuyikira mazira, omwe nthawi yomweyo amabwera, masiku 27. Maspipe onse amphongo aamuna ndi aakazi amatenga nawo mbali mbali imodzi. Ngati womanga aphedwa mwangozi, ndiye kuti mkaziyo amaimilira yachiwiriyo.

Anapiye omwe amabadwa ali ndi kuchuluka osaposa 30 magalamu, koma masiku oyamba amoyo amakhala ndi kulemera msanga. Makolo amadyetsa ana awo kwa milungu pafupifupi itatu, ndipo anapiyewo amayamba kudyetsa okha.

Madzi awiri akuwoneka akuyang'ana nyama m'madzi osaya.

Kuda nkhawa pakati pa akatswiri asayansi yazanyama kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa kuswana kwamadzi makumi anai, kapena,, kufa kwakukutu kwa anapiye osakhazikika ndi mazira osakwanira. Panali zochitika zambiri pamene palibe amene ankabwera kuchokera ku mazira oswidwa ... Koma mwalamulo kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi masiku ano sikuchititsa nkhawa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.