Komabe, chitsanzo chatsopano cha kulowerera kwa anthu m'chilengedwe chomwe sichinayang'ane malo omwe sangakhalepo kutali ndi chitukuko cha Atacama Desert (kumpoto kwa Chile), komwe ndikoyang'anira kwakukulu kwambiri komwe kumayambira. Woyendayenda aliyense, atakhala kuti ali pakati pachitetezo cha anthu, amatha kusokoneza zenizeni ndi zopeka, popeza malo okongola padziko lapansi kulibe.
South America - Gawo Lotsutsana
Gawo la kontrakitala lomwe likutsutsana, lomwe limakhala malo achinayi malinga ndi dera padziko lapansi, ladzala ndi magawo osiyana achilengedwe. Kupatula apo, kudzera m'maiko a Uruguay ndi Argentina, kumene kuweta ziweto kumachitika, malo otentha a Pampa amatambasuka. Koma pachilumba cha Tierra del Fuego, chomwe chili pansi pa ulamuliro wa Chile ndi Argentina, nyengo yozizira kwambiri imakhala ndimphepo zamkuntho zochokera ku Atlantic. Chinthu chosiyana kotheratu ndi kumadzulo, komwe kuli zigwa zachonde zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe idatulukamo munjira yamapiri a Andes. Kukhalapo kwa malo owoneka bwino kwambiri pa Earth (Atacama Desert) ku kontrakitalayo komanso nthawi yomweyo kugwira ntchito kwa imodzi mwa mitsinje yodzadza ndi dziko lapansi (Amazon) yokhala ndi nkhalango yosagonjetseka kumawonjezera chithunzi.
Fauna aku South America
Funso lanzeru likuwuka: "Ndi nyama ziti ku South America zomwe zimatha kuwoneka ndi kukhala moyo, zitapatsidwanso malo okhala ngati amenewa?" Choyambirira, nyamazo ndi zofanana ndipo ndizosiyanasiyana monga chilengedwe cha kumwera kwa America, nkhalango zotentha komanso nkhalango zosowa, malo osanja ndipo, mwanjira yake, okhala mu ufumu weniweni wamapiri wa Andes.
Sizipanga nzeru kulingalira zanyama zam'mwera mwa kontinenti ya America mosiyana ndi yayitali kwambiri - pafupifupi 9,000 km - mapiri a Dziko Lapansi. Mapiri a Andes ali ndi madera osiyanasiyana kumadera osiyanasiyana kum'mwera kwa America, ndipo ali ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi. Gawo lodziwikiratu la mapiri linazindikira madera atatu (terra elada, terra fria ndi terra calente), omwe ndi osakanikirana kwambiri, kuwonjezera apo, kutengera nyengo. Mtundu wapadera wa Andes walola kuti anthu akhale ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano komanso mitundu yazomera. Mizu ya mbatata, phwetekere, tsamba la fodya, mtengo wahindu akhala oimira zofunikira padziko lapansi pano.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala ku South America, makamaka, zimachokera ku Andes eniake kapena kumapiri oyandikana nawo. Apa mungapeze chiwerengero chachikulu (mpaka 600) cha mitundu ya anyama komanso kuposa (900) mitundu ya amphibians. Mtundu wa Andes unapanga utoto wambiri ndi mitundu yowala, makamaka yowonetsa kuchuluka kwa gulugufe, ndipo pakati pa nyerere adayesa kupanga zitsanzo zapadera za anthu akuluakulu. Zilombo za Andean mbalame zokhala ndi mitundu 1700 ndipo ndizofunika kuzisamalira mwapadera. M'nkhaka zazomera zazikulu mumapezeka mbalame zambiri za mbalame. Mitundu ya zimbudzi ndi tating'ono tating'ono tambiri talemekezedwa ndikupatsidwa ulemu wapadera ku Andes.
Condor - chizindikiro cha nyama ku South America
Koma chinyama chachikulu ku South America, chokhudzana ndi ufumu wa mbalame, ndi chowongolera, chomwe sichinanyadire kuti malo mu Red Book International. Makamaka chifukwa cha anthu, condor ija idakhala nyama yokhala pangozi, chifukwa idatengedwa kuti ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo malo ake adatsitsidwa kukhala madera awiri ochepa kwambiri a Andes. Komabe, adalemekezedwa ndi chidwi cha munthu, kukhala chizindikiro cha maiko angapo ku South America nthawi imodzi - Ecuador, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, ndi akuluakulu aku Colombia akuwonetsa cholozera pa chizindikiro cha dziko. Posachedwa, mapulogalamu ayamba kuwoneka kuti ateteze cholowa chazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri aku Andean.
Condor ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zouluka padziko lapansi. ndipo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola, ndipo amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.Mwa anthu okhala ndi pulaneti, opatsirana moyenerera ndi a anthu ataliatali omwe angathe kuthana ndi zaka makumi asanu.
Nthawi zambiri, lamba lomaliza la Andes (3000-55000 kumtunda kwa nyanja) lomwe limakhala malo owoneka bwino limakhala kakhazikika kosakhalitsa, pomwe dzira limodzi kapena awiri amakhala chizoloŵezi cha kholo lokhala ndi mbee. Pafupifupi, Andean condor wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda abwino, mapiko akuluakulu otseguka pang'ono komanso kolala yoyera ngati chipale chofewa m'khosi, kuposerapo, akuwonekera kuthengo pamwamba pa nsonga yamiyala.
Titicacus Whistler
Nyama zosadziwika za ku South America zakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha chilengedwe padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa Andes otchuka, mutha kukumana nawo kumalo enanso osachepera konsekonse padziko lonse lapansi - Nyanja ya Titicaca. Nyama zachilendo zaku South America monga whicler ya Titicaca (yopanda chingwe) ndi mapiko a Chomga, kapena Greater Grebe, zimapezeka kwambiri ku Nyanja ya Peruvia Titicaca, komwe kuli zilumba zina makumi anai zosanjika. Zaka chikwi zapitazo, anthu okhala m'malo osasunthika ngati amenewa amakhala mafuko a nzika zaku Latin America ku Uros, omwe adaganiza zosamukira kuzilumba zochita kupanga kuchokera kumphepete mwa Titicaca.
Chifukwa chake, sikuti nyama zosangalatsa zaku South America zokha zomwe zimadabwitsa apaulendo, koma moyo wamitundu yakale ya ku Peru ungawachititse chidwi kwambiri.
Pudu deer
Ngakhale pali nyama ina yapadera ku South America, yomwe singasiye alendo ambiri osayanjanitsika. Pakadali pano, zimatha kupezeka kokha ku Latin America, ndipo ng'ombe zosowa izi zimatchedwa mbawala ya Pudu. Kubwera kwachitukuko, Pudu, monga Andean Condor, sanakhale popanda chifukwa adayikidwa mu Red Book. Kukhazikika kwa nyama yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala yayitali mita pafupifupi ndi masentimita 40 kutalika, kuchokera ku kontrakitala yonse kukafika kumadera ake awiri: zigawo za kum'mwera kwa Chile ndi chilumba cha Chilos.
Palibe kufanana kwina konse pakati pa Pudu ndi mitundu yaikazi yambewu. Makhalidwe akuwoneka ngati ngulu yaying'ono ndi awa: tsitsi lakuthwa, makutu amfupi komanso ozungulira, nyanga zazing'ono komanso zopanda mphamvu, mtundu wonyezimira wamaso wokhala ndi mitundu yozungulira yosazungulira, ndiye kuti, nyama yosalala kwambiri ku South America. Chakudya chabwino komanso chachikulu kwa Pudu wa kilogalamu khumi chinali nyama yam'nyanja ya fuchsia, yomwe amadya kwambiri usiku. Masana, ngulu ya Pudu ili m'matumba otetemera, kubisala kwa adani ambiri.
Anaconda
Iyi ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kumatha kufika mita 7-9. Unyinji wa nyama zodzala nazo umafika 250-260 kg. Anaconda ndi wochenjera, wamphamvu komanso wanzeru. Zimasaka pansi pamadzi. Mitundu ya kugonana imapangidwa bwino: akazi ndi okulirapo komanso olemetsa. Zazikazi zimadyera nyama yayikulu, pomwe zazimuna zimatha kudutsa ndi nsomba, mbalame, kapena abuluzi.
Iguana
Imodzi mwa buluzi wamkulu kwambiri, wogwirizana ndi nyengo ya South America. Nyama zimakonda kukhala zamatchire ndipo zimadya zakudya zokha. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 30-50 cm, koma mitundu ina imatha kukula mpaka 2 metres. Repitles wolemera 3 mpaka 9 kg.
Kamba ka njovu
Fulu wa njovu kapena Galapagos ndi amodzi mwa ziphona zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akazi amalemera kupitirira 100 makilogalamu, ndipo amuna amalemera pafupifupi 200 kg. Kuchirikiza kulemera kwake, chilengedwe chimapatsa nyama nyama zamphamvu komanso zokutira. Kuti mupulumutse mphamvu, akamba amabwera nthawi yayitali.
Masana amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono komanso beseni padzuwa.Usiku amabisala m'maenje kapena m'maenje. Nthawi yamvula imagwera madera otentha okhala ndi udzu. Amadyetsa zipatso, udzu. Amamwa madzi ochokera m'malo osungira, ndipo nthawi yachilala amawatulutsa ku cacti.
Wachinyamata wakuda
Wodya nyamayi amatchedwa kuti kosaka usiku. Popeza adawonekera pa Dziko Lapansi zaka zopitilira 200 miliyoni, adatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira komanso ma dinosaurs. Nyama izi zaku South America zimawonedwa kuti ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Amakhala m'malo osungirako malo opanda phokoso. Khungu la zokwirazo ndi zakuda, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti adziphimba bwino usiku panthawi yosaka. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka mamita 3-5, ndipo kulemera kumafika 300 kg.
Mndandanda
Kunja, mlendo amafanana ndi chule. Ili ndi gawo lowoneka lamphamvu lotalika masentimita 3-5, mutu waukulu ndi miyendo yolimba yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokhala panthambi ndi masamba. Listolaz amakhala m'malo otentha. Kuthengo, nyamayi ndi yoopsa, chifukwa imadyera nyerere zakomweko, pomwe imatulutsa poyizoni. Ndi njoka lepis epinichelius yekha yomwe imakana ndi poizoni. Khungu la leafolase ndi chikasu. Mtundu wowala wa nyamawo umachenjeza ochenjeza za ngoziyi.
Zinyama zapadziko lonse zaku South America ndi mawonekedwe ake
Gawo lalikulu la gawo lalikulu la kontinenti ya South America limafikira m'malo otentha - malo otentha, chifukwa chake silingamve kuperewera kwa dzuwa, ngakhale nyengo ya gawo ili la dziko lapansi siyotentha konse monga lachi Africa.
Ili ndiye kontrakiti wodwala kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangitsa. Kusiyana kwakuthupi pakati pa malo otentha ndi malo am'nyanja, mafunde amtunda wam'mphepete mwa nyanja, mapiri a Andes, kudutsa gawo lalikulu la gawo lake, kutseka njira yopita kumphepo zamadzulo ndikuthandizira kukulira chinyezi komanso kugwa kwamvula yambiri.
Nyengo ku South America ndizosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa kontinenti iyi imapitilira madera asanu ndi limodzi a nyengo: kuchokera ku subequatorial mpaka zolimbitsa. Pamodzi ndi madera achilengedwe, palinso madera omwe amadziwika kuti ndi nyengo yofatsa komanso nyengo yachilimwe, koma yotchuka ndimvula yamkuntho ndi mphepo.
Pakati pa kontrakitala, mpweya wabwino ndi wocheperako. Ndipo malo okwera amadziwika ndi mpweya wouma komanso wouma, koma nyengo yotentha, pomwe chinyezi chambiri chimatsika, ngakhale m'miyezi yotentha, mawonekedwe a chipale chofewa, ndipo nyengo yake imakhala yosasinthika tsiku lonse.
Munthu samakhala moyo wabwino m'malo oterowo. Mwachilengedwe, kufalikira kwa nyengo kumakhudzanso zolengedwa zina zomwe zimakhala mmenemo.
Zosadabwitsa kuti, nditapatsidwa zinthu zachilengedwe izi, dziko la zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi losiyana kwambiri komanso lolemera. Mndandanda wa nyama zaku South America Ndizowonjezera komanso zochititsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino a zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zayamba m'gawoli. Mulinso mitundu yambiri yokongola komanso yosowa ya zolengedwa zomwe zimadabwitsidwa ndimomwe zidapangidwira bwino.
Zanyama ziti ku South America kukhala? Ambiri aiwo adakwanitsa kusinthika kuti akhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta, chifukwa ena mwa iwo amafunika kupirira chisangalalo cha mvula yamvula yotentha ndikukhalabe m'mapiri, kutonthola ndi mawonekedwe a nkhalango ndi suboquatorial.
Zabwino za kontinentiyi ndizodabwitsa. Nawa ena mwa oimira ake, omwe kusiyanasiyana kwawo kungawoneke zithunzi za nyama zaku South America.
Noblella
Ili ndiye chule laling'ono kwambiri. Mitundu yake siyidutsa 13 mm. Amakhala ku South America kumapiri a Andes komanso kumwera kwa Peru. Munthawi yakubereka, yaimayi imayikira mazira awiri okha, kukula kwake sikupitirira 3 mm. Amphibians amakhala odzipereka kwawo osasiya moyo wawo wonse. Khungu limakhala lofiirira, lomwe limalola nyamayo kuti imange bwino.
Masewera
Nyama zochititsa chidwi - anthu okhala m'nkhalangoyi ndi oterera, omwe amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati zolengedwa zomwe zimachedwa kwambiri.Nyama zapadera ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi armadillos ndi anteatte, koma kunja kwenikweni sikufanana kwenikweni ndi iwo.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya malo omwe ali ndi malo owerengedwa chinyama chakumapeto kupita ku South America, pafupifupi asanu okha. Amaphatikizidwa m'mabanja awiri: slows-awiri-ndi-slinge-atatu, ofanana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Amakhala atali ndi theka la mita ndipo akulemera pafupifupi 5 kg.
Kukumbukira mawonekedwe a nyani wosamveka, malaya awo okhuthala akufanana ndi msipu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ziwalo zamkati mwa nyamazo zimasiyana mosiyana ndi zinyama zina. Amakhala opanda kuwona komanso kuwona, mano awo amapangidwira, ndipo ubongo umakhala wakale.
Mu chithunzi nyama sloth
Titican Whistler
Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti chule uyu amakhala ku Lake Titicaca ku South America. Nyama imakhalanso ndi dzina lachiwiri - scrotum. Amaphatikizidwa ndi khungu loterera komanso lolimba, lomwe limaphimba thupi la mzungu. Amphibian amagwiritsa ntchito khungu lake kupuma, popeza imakhala ndi mapapu ochepa kwambiri.
Armadillos
Fauna aku South America zikadakhala zosauka kwambiri popanda azimayi ammanja. Izi ndi nyama zachilendo kwambiri kuchokera kuzovala zamtundu - zodziwika komwe ma sloth amaphatikizidwanso.
Nyamazo ndizovala zachilengedwe ngati chinthu china chofanana ndi ma tcheni amaketi, ngati kuti ndi omangirira zida zankhondo, zomangidwa ndi mahatchi okhala ndi mbale zamafupa. Amakhala ndi mano, koma ochepa kwambiri.
Maso awo sawoneka bwino, koma fungo lokhazikika ndi kumva ndi lakuthwa. Mukamadyetsa, nyama zoterezi zimagwira chakudya chokhala ndi lilime lomata, ndipo zimatha kukumba mosataya nthawi.
Mu chithunzicho nkhondo
Anteater
Mndandanda mayina a nyama ku South America Sichingakhale chokwanira popanda cholengedwa chododometsa ngati chinyama chamtundu wa nyama. Ichi ndi nyama yakale yopanda chiyembekezo yomwe idalipo nthawi yoyambirira ya Miocene.
Zoyimira nthumwi izi zimapezeka m'madambo komanso m'nkhalango zonyowa, komanso zimakhala m'malo otentha. Amagawidwa ndi asayansi m'magulu atatu amitundu, osiyana kulemera ndi kukula.
Oimira mtundu wa ziphona zamtunduwu ndi wolemera mpaka 40 kg. Iwo, komanso mamembala amtundu wa anyani akuluakulu, amakhala moyo wawo pansi ndipo sangathe kukwera mitengo. Mosiyana ndi achibale, ochepera omwe amakhala ndi zodyera, osunthika mwaluso pamayendedwe ndi nthambi mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zopindika ndi mchira wokhazikika.
Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi alibe mano, ndipo amathera miyoyo yawo kukafufuza malo amtundu ndi anthala, akumakola anthu okhala ndi lilime lomata, akumamatira mphuno zawo zazitali kulowa m'nyumba yokhala ndi tizilombo. Patsikuli, nyamayi imatha kudya miyanda masauzande angapo.
Pacithunzi-thunzi, nyama yokonzera zinyama
Mirikina (nyani wosabadwa)
Kugawidwa mdera lotentha la South America. Zinyama zazing'onoting'ono, 28-25 cm zokha, komanso zolemera 0.7-1.3 kg. Osakhalitsa usiku ali ndi maso akulu omwe amawona bwino mumdima. Nyani zimadumpha bwino kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Kudumpha kumatha kukhala mpaka 5 metres. Mtundu wa chovalachi ndi woyera kwambiri, mchira wa Mirikin ndiwofewetsa, makutu ndi ochepa, miyendo yake ndi yolimba komanso yosasamala.
Jaguar
Pakati nkhalango zam'mwera zamwera, nyama yoopsa yomwe imapha ndi kudumpha kamodzi ndi nkhwangwa. Muli ndendende kuthekera kwake kopanda mphamvu, kowononga mphezi kupha anthu omwe amamuzunza kuti tanthauzo la dzina la chilombochi limamasuliridwa kuchokera kuchilankhulo cha eni nzika zandale.
Nyamayi imapezekanso m'makola ndipo ndi yamtundu wa panther, imalemera pafupifupi 100 makilogalamu, imakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka ngati nyalugwe, ndipo imakhala ndi mchira wautali.
Nyama zoterezi zimakhala kumpoto komanso pakati mwa America, koma zimapezeka ku Argentina ndi Brazil. Ndipo ku El Salvador ndi Uruguay nthawi ina m'mbuyomu adawonongedwa.
Pa chithunzithunzi pali jaguar
Wakari
Imadziwika kuti ndi nyani wosadziwika bwino komanso woyipa kwambiri. Nyama izi za ku South America zimakhala m'malo a mvula. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Kutalika, pamakhala masentimita 50 mpaka 60. Zochita zimawonetsedwa masana okha.Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 10-30. Maonekedwe a nyani sangawope ana ang'ono, koma akuluakulu. Chovalacho ndi lalanje lalitali. Phokoso lofiira limaponyedwa pamtambo wowonera tsitsi, makutu amatikumbutsa kwambiri anthu.
Zimapezeka kumpoto komanso pakati penipeni pa bara (kuyambira Colombia kupita ku Peru). Komanso khalani ku Brazil ndi Bolivia. Kukhazikika m'nkhalango zamvula. M'madera a Amazon, komwe kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika kawirikawiri, nyama sizingathe kukwera pamitengo kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa sizolekeredwa bwino ndi chinyontho.
Maonekedwe a anyaniwa ndi achilendo kwambiri. Chingwe chofiyira chakuda chakuda chimakwirira thupi lonse Nkhope imakutidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira. Pansi amayenda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikuthandizira kutsogolo.
Nyani wa Mirikina
Nyani zaku America ndizophulika, ndipo ndizosiyana ndi achibale omwe amakhala kumayiko ena ndi gawo logawanikirana mphuno za nyama izi, zomwe akatswiri azamanyama ambiri amazitcha kuti ndi zotuluka.
Cholengedwa chamtunduwu, chokhala m'nkhalango zamapiri, chimaphatikizapo myrikina, wotchedwa duruliki. Zamoyo izi, zomwe zimatalika pafupifupi 30 cm, ndizodziwika chifukwa, mosiyana ndi nyani wina, zimakhala ndi moyo wadzidzi: zimasaka usiku, zimawona ndikuyenda bwino mumdima, ndikugona masana.
Amalumphira ngati zipatso, kudya mbalame zazing'ono, tizilombo, achule, zipatso ndi kumwa timadzi tokoma. Amadziwa kupanga mawu ambiri osangalatsa: makungwa agalu, makina, wobangula ngati mbewa, phokoso ndi titter ngati mbalame, ndikudzaza mdima wausiku ndimakonsati a satana.
Monkey Mirikina
Howler
Amakhala kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa madera. Malo okhala munkhalango zamapiri. Nyani zolimba zam'madzi zoterezi zimatha pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse pamitengo. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha mkokomo waukulu ndi wowopsa, womwe umatchedwa kubangula. Kukula kwa nyani kumafikira mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwa 8-9 kg. Thupi lonse la nyamayo imakutidwa ndi chovala chachitali ndi chakuda chautali wowoneka bwino kapena wakuda. Mchirawo ndi wautali ndipo umagwira gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yawo: umagwira ngati dzanja lowonjezera.
Mmbulu wamunthu
Chidani chamiyendo chamtunduwu ndicho chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa mimbulu, ngakhale chikuwoneka ngati nkhandwe. Amakhala kunja kwa madambo, kumapiri, kumapiri a South America. Amadyera makoswe ochepa kuti adyetse yekha, komanso ana ake. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 120-125, kufota 75-80 cm, kulemera 20-25 kg. Mtundu wa chovala chambiri ndi chofewa ndi chofufumira, nsonga ya mchira ndi chibwano ndi imvi. Makutu akumiyendo yayitali, mchira ndi waufupi, kwinakwake 25-25 cm.
Mkango wamapiri (cougar)
Cougars amakhala kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa kontinenti. Nyama zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu (kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Patagonia). Ichi ndi chilombo chokongola komanso chokongola, chomwe kukula kwake ndi kotsika poyerekeza ndi anyaniwa. Wamphongo amatha kukhala wa 2.4 m, zazikazi ndizocheperako. Nyama imatha kulemera mpaka 100 kg. Amuna okhaokha ndi okongola kwambiri.
Pampas nkhandwe
Amakhala kum'mwera kwa dziko lambiri. Nyamayi imakhala ndi kukula kwamthupi (mpaka masentimita 63), ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 kg. Chovala chija chimakhala chakimvi, mutu ndi khosi zimakhala ndi timabowo tofiirira. Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wopepuka. Amakhala moyo wodzipatula ndipo amapanga awiriawiri panthawi yakuswana. Ankhandwe a nkhuku samasankha pankhani ya chakudya. Zimasaka mbalame, makoswe, achule, abuluzi. Munthu akafika, amasala mwachangu kuti wamwalira.
Kinkaju
Zimapezeka m'nkhalango zakumwera kwa zigawo. Imakhala ndi chovala chofunda komanso chofiyira, chomwe chimachotsa madzi bwino ndikusunganso kutentha kwa thupi. Kinkaju ili ndi mchira wautali komanso wopatsa chidwi. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 2-3,5, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 53. Tsitsi la nyama limakhala lofewa, lopakidwa utoto. Maso ndi akulu komanso amakula, koma, ngakhale izi, nyamayo imawoneka yokongola komanso yamtendere. Masiku ano nyamayi ikutchuka kwambiri pakati paokonda ziweto.
Chigoba
Woimira zachilendo kwambiri wanyama. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mutu waung'ono ndi zala zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi mbedza. Nyamayi ndi yotalika masentimita 50 ndipo imalemera 4-5 kg. Chovala chimakhala chachitali komanso chofiyira; mwa ena oimirawo chimaphimba nkhope yonse. Nyama izi zimakonda kucheza komanso zimamwetulira. Pakamwa pawo pamadzaza mano ofanana, omwe alibe enamel ndi mizu.
Armadillo
Uyu ndi munthu wokhala m'dziko la America. Armadillos ndi zinyama ndipo ndi mbadwa za glyptodons. Nyamazo zidatipatsa dzina chifukwa cha chipolopolo cholimba chomwe chimakwirira thupi lonse. Imatiteteza ku adani. Kutalika kwa nyamayi kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 15 cm mpaka 1 mita. Ndiwokongola bwino, pakatha mphindi zochepa amakumba dzenje lakuya, ndikubisamo. Yogwira usiku. Amadya bowa, achule, chiswe.
Nyama zikuluzikulu
Awa ndi nyama zazikulu zaku South America zomwe zimakhala ndi mutu wopanda mbali. Pakamwa pa nyama yam'madzi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, lilime lake loonda lokha, lomwe limakhala chida chachikulu pakuchotsera chakudya, limakwawa kudzera pakamwa. Malo ojambula zithunzi amakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wosalala, womwe amaphimba matupi awo nthawi yozizira. Ma paws amphamvu amakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, motero sizivuta kuti awononge chitunda. Osewera nthawi yayitali amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akusaka chakudya.
South America Harpy
Mbalame yodya nyama ndi ya banja la a Hawk. Mapikowo amafika 2 metres. Mapapu ndi amphamvu komanso okhala ndi zopindika lakuthwa, osapirira. Imasaka mbalame zazing'ono, zinyama ndi zokwawa. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 95 mpaka 110 cm., Kulemera kumatha kufika 9-10 kg. Nthenga pamutu pa nthawi yachisangalalo imakwera mokhazikika ndikufanana ndi nyanga.
South America ndi kontinenti yayikulu komanso yotentha. Dziko la nyama lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinyama zosiyanasiyananso komanso zodabwitsa, zomwe zimasiyana pakudya, moyo wawo ndi machitidwe awo.
Amayi
Chigoba
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Armadillo
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Nyani wa Mirikina
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Titi nyani
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Saki
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Wakari nyani
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Howler
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Kapuchin
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Koata
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Igrunok
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Vicuna
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Alpaca
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Khola la nkhuku
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Pudu deer
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Mphaka wa pampas
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Tuco-tuco
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Whiskach
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Mmbulu wamunthu
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Opaka nkhumba
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Pampas nkhandwe
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Chombo
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Tapir
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Coati
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Kapybara
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Opossum
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Mbalame
Nandu
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Andean Condor
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Phula wa Amazon
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Hyacinth macaw
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Hummingbird
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Ma ibis ofiira
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Thrush wokhala ndi mutu wofiyira
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Goacin
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Ringer wokhala ndi malamba
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Chitofu chofiyira
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Crested Arasar
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Crax
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Fizanti
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Nkhukundembo
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Mapaipi a Threadtail
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Toucan
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Lipenga
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Dzuwa heron
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Cowgirl
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Avdotka
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Goiter
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Mtundu Wosintha
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Kariam
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Magellan tsekwe
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Wophimbidwa ndi Celeus
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Krachka Inca
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Olga
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Mbalame ya maambulera a ku Ecuadorian
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Tizilombo, touluka, njoka
Mndandanda
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Buluzi woyendayenda waku Brazil
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Spearhead Viper
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Marikop Ant
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Anaconda
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Mamba a Orinoc
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Noble
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Beetle midget
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Titicacus Whistler
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Agrias Claudina Gulugufe
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Gulugufe wa nymphalid
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Manta ray
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Piranhas
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Octopus wabuluu
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Shaki
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Manasee aku America
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Dolphin ya ku Amazon
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Giant arapaimea nsomba
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Eel yamagetsi
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Pomaliza
Masiku ano, nkhalango za ku Amazon zimadziwika kuti ndi "mapapu" padziko lapansi. Amatha kuyamwa mpweya woipa wambiri, natulutsa mpweya wabwino. Vuto lalikulu ndikudula mitengo kwa America kuti mupeze mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Mwa kuwononga mitengo, munthu amaletsa nyama mamiliyoni ambiri moyo wawo wamba, monga: nyumba zawo. Zosavulaza kwenikweni sizikhala pazomera ndi tizilombo tina. Kuphatikiza apo, kudula mitengo m'nthaka kumavumbula dziko lapansi ndipo chifukwa chamvula yambiri, dothi lalikulu limachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha izi, kubwezeretsa zomera ndi nyama posachedwa sizingatheke.
Buluzi woyendayenda waku Brazil
Ndizowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikulowa mu Guinness Book of Record. Neurotoxin ya nyamayi imakhala yolimba kwambiri maulendo 20 kuposa chinsinsi cha mkazi wamasiye wakuda.
Poizoni wa kangaude woyendayenda amachititsa kupuma kukhala kovuta. Mwa amuna, nthawi yayitali, yopweteka yowonjezereka imachitika. Kuluma pakokha kumakhala kowawa. Mutha kukhala kangaude wovulala mutachapa zovala ndikuchapa dengu, kugula nthochi, kutola nkhuni pamtengo. Dzinalo la nyamayo imawonetsa kukhathamira kwake kosuntha mosalekeza, kukwera paliponse.
Chifukwa cha poizoni wake wamphamvu, kangaude woyambira amalembedwa m'buku la mbiri
Spearhead Nut
Monga kangaude woyenda, wophatikizidwa zinyama zam'mwera americankufunafuna kukhazikika kwa anthu. Njoka yoluka ngati mkondo imakhala yachangu komanso yabwino, nthawi zambiri imazungulira m'misewu yamzindawu.
Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, 1% ya anthu olumidwa amamwalira. Othandizira omwe amayendera madokotala amafa mu 10% ya milandu. Viper neurotoxins imalepheretsa kupuma komanso kuwononga maselo, makamaka maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Njirayi imakhala yopweteka kwambiri kotero kuti iwo omwe alumikizidwa m'miyendo ndi manja amafuna kuti azidulidwa ngakhale atakwanitsa kuyamwa.
Shaki
M'malo mwa poizoni, ali ndi mphamvu ya ma fang. Milandu yakuwukira kwa shaki pa anthu yalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi, koma m'madzi aku South America nthawi zambiri. Gombe lodziwika bwino ku Brazil. Apa, anthu ambiri anafa ndi kulumidwa ndi shaki.
M'madzi aku South America, ng'ombe zamphongo ndi agalu zikugwira ntchito. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mpaka 1992, palibe omwe adawopseza anthu. Zinthu, malinga ndi asayansi, zidasintha atamangidwa doko kumwera kwa Recife. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asodzi. Adayamba kudya zinyalala zomwe zidatayidwa kuchokera ku zombo, poyenda zombo kupita kumtunda.
Kambukuti imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi mtundu wa tiger kumbali zake.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa
Chingwe cha Triatom
Amatchedwa vampire kapena kupsompsona, chifukwa chimayamwa m'mbali mwa milomo, kumaso. Tizilombo timene timadya magazi, timadziwunjikana limodzi ndi eni ake. Ndi ndowe, imalowetsa bala, ndikupangitsa matenda a Chagas.
Mu 70% ya omwe alumidwa, samawoneka, koma mu 30% ya omwe atsala, amathira m'mitsempha yamavuto am'magazi a matenda amisempha.
Kutalika, nsikidzi yokupsompsona ndiyofika masentimita 2,5. Tizilombo timene timakhala ku South America kokha. Chifukwa chake, matenda a Chagas ali ponseponse. Pafupifupi anthu 7,000 amafa pachilombachi chaka chilichonse.
Kupsompsona kumakhala kowopsa, nthawi zambiri kumamatira m'thupi
Nyerere za Maropu
Amapezeka ku Argentina. Mkulu wamwalira pambuyo pa kulumwa 300. Kuboola kamodzi ndikokwanira kwa maola anayi a ululu wopweteka.
Kulumidwa kangapo kwa maroboti kumatha kupezeka, chifukwa nyumba za nyerere zimatha kuwoneka kutali. Kutalika kwa nyumbayo kumafika mita 9, ndipo mpaka 2 m'mimba mwake.
Anthaneti a Marikeli ndiwokwera kwambiri, amatha kuwoneka mosavuta kuchokera kutali
Octopus wabuluu
Palibe mankhwala ochepetsa kuluma kwake. Zoopsa za munthu m'modzi zimakwanira kufa kwa mphezi ya munthu wamkulu. Choyamba, thupi limafa.
M'madzi akutsuka nyanja zaku South America, nyamayi imafika masentimita 20 okha. Nyama yowoneka bwino yowoneka bwino, ndipo kuluma sikumapweteka. Zithunzithunzi ndizonyenga.
Piranhas
M'malo mwa poizoni, ali ndi mano akuthwa. Nsomba muzizigwiritsa ntchito mwaluso, muziwomba m'matumba. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, pamaso pa a Theodore Roosevelt, yemwe adayendera kontrakitala, ng'ombe idakokedwa ku Amazon. M'maso mwa Purezidenti waku America, nsomba zimangotsala mafupa okhaokha kuchokera pachinyama.
Kufalitsa mphekesera za nsomba zakupha mdziko muno, Roosevelt sanazindikire kuti mtsinje udatsekedwa masiku angapo, nyanja zamapirani zinkakhala ndi njala. Nthawi zambiri, Amazoni sawukira. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu akutuluka magazi. Kukoma kwake ndi kununkhira kwake kumakopa ma piranhas.
Mamba a Orinoc
Ndiwakulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakayala wakuda. Mwalingaliro, inali ng'ona ya Orinoc yomwe iyenera kukhala pamndandanda wa owopsa. Komabe, mawonekedwe ali pafupi kutha. Chiwerengero chotsika chimaletsa kuzunza anthu.
Amuna a ng’ona ya Orinok amapeza 380 kg. Kutalika kwa anthu ena kumafika pafupifupi 7 metres.
Orinoksky, amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamanga
Guanaco
Nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mutha kukangana chifukwa nkhandwe ndi yokulirapo. Komabe, mphaka wamtchire umapezekanso kunja kwa South America. Guanaco imapezeka pokhapokha.
Guanaco ndi kholo la llama. Nyama imalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 75, imakhala kumapiri.
Noble
Ichi ndi nyama chochokera pamndandanda waching'ono. Noblela ndi chule, ndipo amakhala ku Andes. Akuluakulu amakhala ofanana ndi sentimita kutalika.
Akazi a Nobile amangodziikira mazira awiri okha, ndipo chilichonse chimachititsa kukula kwa chinyama chachikulu. Palibe gawo la tadpole. Achule amawaswa pomwepo.
Beetle midget
Ching'onoting'ono kwambiri chazikuluzi. Kutalika kwa nyamayo sikupitilira mamilimita 2.3. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro ndi 1.5.
Tizilombo ta Lilliput - Mitundu yapezeka posachedwapa. Kunja, kachilomboka ndi kansalu ndi miyendo yaubweya komanso nyanga zitatu.
Hummingbird
Zimasintha mbalame zazing'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi mchira wake ndi mulomo sikupitirira masentimita 6. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 2-5 magalamu. Hafu ya voliyamu imakhala ndi mtima. Amapangidwa kwambiri mu ptahs kuposa wina aliyense wapadziko lapansi.
Mtima wa Hummingbird umapereka kumenyedwa kwa 500 pamphindi. Ngati chiweto chikuyenda bwino, zimachitika kuti zimakula mpaka kumenyedwa kokwana chikwi chimodzi.
Masewera osewera
Amakhala kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Makamaka, nyamayi imakhala ku Suriname. Mitundu yobisika komanso yaying'ono, imayimira zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Kanthawi kosewerera amayenda pang'ono pansi ndikukwera mitengo kwambiri. Pamenepo, nyamayo imayang'ana tizilombo ndi zipatso zomwe zimadya.
Vicuna
Guanaco ndi ofanana ndi llamas zakutchire, koma zochepa, zimakhala m'mapiri a Andes okha. Chovala chakuda chimateteza ngamila kuti zisazizidwe pano. Mphepete yake ilinso vuto. Vicuna wazolowera kuperewera kwa oxygen.
Viconas ali ndi khosi lalitali, lalitali, komanso miyendo yopyapyala. Mutha kukumana ndi llamas pamalo okwera kuposa mamilimita 3,000.
Hyacinth macaw
Parrot wachilendo waku South America. Ali ndi ma buluu amtambo. Masaya - "blush" wachikasu. China chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mchira wautali.
Hyacinth macaw ndi anzeru, ongoleketsa. Komabe, nkhuku ndizoletsedwa chifukwa mtunduwu umatetezedwa.
Pudu deer
Wamng'ono kwambiri pakati pa agwape. Kutalika kwa nyamayo sikupita masentimita 35, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 93 ex. Mapaundi amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu 7 mpaka 11. Ngwazi zomwe zimapezeka ku Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Colombia, Argentina. M'zaka za zana la 21, nyamayi imangokhala kumadera ena a Chile ndi Ecuador.
Pudu ndiwosachedwa komanso wamkulu, wokhala ndi mutu waukulu, wotikumbutsa nkhumba zamtchire.Mutha kukumana naye pagombe. Pamenepo pudu amadya ku fuchsia - imodzi mwazomera.
Ma ibis ofiira
Ndizofiyira kwenikweni, kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi. Utoto wamafuta, mulomo komanso khungu ndi wofanana ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa otentha, owala kwambiri. Mbalameyo imalandira udzu kuchokera ku nkhanu zomwe imadya. Mbidzi zimagwira nyama ndi mlomo wautali, utakhazikika.
Chiwerengero cha ibis chatsika chifukwa chofunafuna anthu kuti azipewa nthenga komanso nkhuku. Nthawi yotsiriza ornithologists adawerengera anthu 200,000, kuphatikiza iwo mu International Red Book.
Opaka nkhumba
Mukukhala Mexico, Arizona ndi Texas. Zithunzi zojambula ku South America zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Ophika ali ndi masanjidwe 11. Makulidwe onse apakatikati, kutalika sikapitilira 100, ndipo kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Obika amalemera mpaka mapaundi 25.
Pa khosi la ophika pali mkanda wa tsitsi lalitali. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina lachiwiri limaperekedwa - kolala. Oyimira anthu akusamalira, koma osaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ochenjera. Nkhumba zaku South America zimakhala ndi nyama yokoma. Kwenikweni, pofunafuna, osaka anachepetsa nawonso ophika.
Andean Condor
Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti mbalameyi imakhala ku Andes, pamtunda wamamita 5,000. Nyamayi ndi yayikulu, imafikira kutalika kwa ma centimita 130, ndipo imalemera ma kilogalamu 15.
Mutu wa kondwereroyo ulibe nthenga. Izi zikupereka mbalame yovunda. Komabe, nthawi zina, kondakitala imayang'anira mbalame zazing'ono ndikubera mazira a anthu ena.
Alpaca
Wophatikiza ndi Peru. Wokhala m'mapiri, wosazindikira ali ndi mtima woposa 50% kuposa "mota" wa nyama zina zofanana. Kupanda kutero, ma alpacas sangakhale moyo mu mpweya woonda.
Ziphuphu za Alpaca zikukula mosalekeza, ngati makoswe. Njirayi imachitika chifukwa cha zitsamba zowuma komanso zosowa zomwe nyama zimadyera kumapiri. Miti ikupera, ndipo popanda iwo chakudya sichingatheke.
Mano a Alpaca amakula moyo wonse
Pampas nkhandwe
Amadziwika ngati chizindikiro cha dziko la Paraguay. Mayina awo akuwonekeratu kuti nyamayi imakhala pampas, ndiye kuti, ma steppes aku South America.
Mbidzi za pampas ndizosawerengeka, koma khalani panokha. Asayansi amadabwa momwe zinyama pachaka zimasinthira kuti ziziswana. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, nyamazo zimagawananso mchaka chimodzi.
Mbidzi za pampas zimakhala ndi moyo wosangalala kwambiri
Chombo
Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha Chile. Mitunduyi pamodzi ndi mbawala ya pudu imatchulidwa kuti yokhala pangozi. Nyamayi imakhala ndi thupi lozama komanso miyendo yayifupi. M'chilimwe, mbidzi za ku South Africa zimadyera kumapiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimatsika.
Kutalika kwake, agulu amafika 1.5 metres. Kutalika kwa nyamayo sikupita masentimita 90. Nyamayo yayamba ku Andes, osakumana kunja.
Thrush wokhala ndi mutu wofiyira
Kufanizira Brazil. Kuchokera pa dzina la wokhala ndi ndewu, zikuwonekeratu kuti m'mimba mwake ndi lalanje. Kumbuyo kwa mbalame ndi imvi. Kutalika, nyamayi ndi masentimita 25.
Mpando Wachigoba wofiira— nyama zakutchire kumwera kwa America. Pakati pa mitengo ndi mizu yake, mbalame zimayang'ana tizilombo, mphutsi, ndi zipatso monga ma guav ndi malalanje. The thrush sangathe kugaya zipatso mafupa. Zotsatira zake, mbewu zofewa pang'ono zimatuluka ndi ndowe. Zotsirizazo zimakhala ngati feteleza. Mbewu zimamera mwachangu. Chifukwa chake zimathandizira kuti kukula kwa malo obiriwira kubwere.
Goacin
Ino ndi mbalame ya ku Guyana. Nyamayi imawoneka yochititsa chidwi, ikunyezimira mutu pamutu pake komanso maonekedwe owala. Koma fungo la goacin kuchokera pomwe anthu ambiri amawona. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti "fungo lokhazikika" lisagwere. Pamenepo, mbuzis imataya chakudya. Chifukwa chake, fungo labwino kwambiri limachokera mkamwa mwa nyama.
Akatswiri ambiri a ornithologists amati goacin amayitanitsa nkhuku. Ochepa ochepa asayansi amasiyanitsa chizindikiro cha Guyana m'mabanja osiyana.
Ringer wokhala ndi malamba
Imayesedwa ngati chizindikiro cha Paraguay. Dera lozungulira maso ndi khosi la mbalameyo ndilibe. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu. Khungu la kummero ndi labuluu. Zambiri mwa mbalame ndizopepuka, anyaniwa ndi oyera ngati chipale.
Ringer amatchedwa mbalame chifukwa cha mawu omwe amapangidwa. Pangani amuna awo amtunduwu. Mawu a akazi ndi ochepera.
Chitofu chofiyira
Ophatikizidwa ndi Uruguay ndi Argentina. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, yokhala ndimitundu yambiri komanso mchira wokulira. Nyamayi amatchedwa kuti wopanga chitofu chifukwa cha njira yomanga zisa.Mapangidwe awo ovuta amafanana ndi chimney.
Mlomo wa sitofuyo ukufanana ndi ma twitter. Ali ndi tizilombo tokwanira. Wopanga sitovu amawayang'ana pansi, pomwe amawononga nthawi yambiri.
Wosaka mbalameyo amatchedwa mbalameyo chifukwa cha luso lake lomanga zisa zokhala ngati chimiyala chamatofu
Vampire
Ichi ndi bat. Ali ndi chopondera. Makina akuthwa amachokera pansi pamilomo yotseguka. Amasenda khungu la omwe akuzunzidwa, kumwa magazi awo. Komabe, mbewa imangoyenda ndi ziweto zokha. Wopopa sagwira anthu.
Ma Vampires akuwoneka kuti akusamalira omwe akhudzidwa. Malovu a mbewa ndi ululu wachilengedwe ndipo umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandizira magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama sizimva kulumwa, ndipo mabala pamizimba yathanzi amachira msanga.
Tapir
Kutchulidwa mu zokambirana pamutuwu, Zinyama zomwe zimakhala ku South America ndipo ali amantha kwambiri. Mapaipi ndi osakhazikika, amanyazi, kunja kwenikweni akufanana ndi china chake pakati pa njovu ndi nkhumba.
Ma tapipu amaliza mluzu wachilendo. Zomwe akutanthauza sizikudziwika kwa asayansi. Nyama sizimamveka bwino, chifukwa ndi amantha ndipo amagwira ntchito usiku, osati masana. Mwa zinyama zonse, ma tadala ndi "akavalo akuda kwambiri" kwa asayansi.
Coati
Amatchedwa nosoha. Nyamayi ndi ya banja la a fodya. Coati imapezeka pena paliponse, ngakhale m'mapiri imakwera pamtunda wamamita 2,5 mpaka 3,000. Nosoha amatha kukhala tchire, mapiri, nkhalango zamvula. Kuphatikiza pa mapiri a zinyama, madambo otsika amakonzedwa, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchuluka.
Nyama yam'maso imatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mutu wopapatiza wokhala ndi mtanda wokwezekayo. Ngakhale chilombocho chili ndi zala zazitali, zazitali zokhala ndi zibwano ndi mchira wotalika. Izi ndi zida zokwera mitengo.
Coati kapena Nosuha
Kapybara
Amatchedwa capybara. Mwa makoswe, ndiye wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Unyinji wa nyamayo ukufika mapaundi 60. Kutalika, anthu ena amafanana mita. Maonekedwe ndi ofanana ndi nkhumba ya Guinea.
Ma capybar am'madzi amatchedwa chifukwa makoswe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Pali zomera zambiri zobiriwira zomwe nkhumba zimadyapo. Komanso ma capybaras amakonda kusambira, kuzizira m'mitsinje, m'madzi, m'madzi aku South America.
Koata
Popanda kutchedwa kuti nyani wa arachnid. Nyama yakuda ndi yochepa thupi, yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali ndi mchira. Miyendo ya Coat imakutidwa, ndipo mutu wake ndi wocheperako. Pokayenda, anyaniwa amafanana ndi kangaude wokangalika.
Kutalika kwa chovalako sikupitilira masentimita 60. Pafupifupi 40. Kutalika kwa mchira kumawonjezeredwa kwa iwo. Ndi pafupi 10% kuposa kutalika kwa thupi.
Igrunok
Ichi ndiye nyani wocheperako padziko lapansi. Gulu laling'ono lotalika masentimita 16 kutalika. Masentimita ena 20 ndi mchira wa nyama. Imalemera magalamu 150.
Ngakhale zimakhala zazing'ono, mbalamezo zimadumphira pakati pamitengo. M'malo otentha ku South America, anyani am'madzi amphaka amatenga uchi, tizilombo, zipatso.
Nyani ndi anyani ang'ono kwambiri komanso okongola kwambiri
Manta ray
Imafika kutalika kwa mita 8 ndikulemera matani awiri. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake ndi opatsa chidwi, njirayo ndi yotetezeka, osati yoopsa komanso osati yankhanza.
Poganizira kukula kwa ubongo wa manta ray poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi lake, asayansi alengeza kuti nyamayo ndi nsomba zanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mtundu waku South America umadziwika kuti ndi wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali mitundu ya mbalame 1,500 pa kontrakitala. M'mitsinje ikuluikulu, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nsomba. Mitundu yoposa 160 ya zinyama zolengedwa nazonso ndi mbiri ku dziko limodzi.
Agouti
Agouti - makoswe ochokera kumadera amvula a ku Central ndi South America, akuwoneka ngati nkhumba yayikulu. Chovala chake chakuthwa ndicholimba ndi mafuta omwe amakhala ngati chovala choteteza. Kumbuyo kwa thupi, chovalacho ndichachitali. Agouti ali ndi zala zisanu pamphumi pake ndi zitatu kumiyendo yake yakumbuyo. Monga makoswe ambiri, amayenda mokongola zala zawo, osati pamapazi awo onse.
Ngakhale ndizovuta kuwona, agouti ilinso mchira: ndiyochepa kwambiri, imawoneka ngati nyemba zakuda zotsekemera kumbuyo kwa thupi la nyama.
Andean kapena chimbalangondo chowonera
Chimbalangondo cha Andean chochokera ku South America, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chimbalangondo, chili ndi malo owala bwino m'maso omwe amatha kuwoneka ngati magalasi ndikulimbana ndi ubweya wakuda kapena wakuda. Zolemba izi nthawi zambiri zimafikira pachifuwa cha nyama, zimapatsa munthu aliyense mawonekedwe apadera ndikuthandizira ofufuza kuzindikira mtunduwu.
Mtundu wokha wa zimbalangondo ku South America, ndi kutalika kwamamitala 1.5-1.8 ndi kulemera kwa 70-140 kg. Amuna ndi 30-50% kuposa akazi.
Otters
Otters ndiye okhawo omwe amasambira kwambiri m'mabanja ofera. Amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi, osinthika motero. Matupi awo ofunda, opendekeka ndi abwino kusambira komanso kusambira. Otters amakhalanso ndi michira yayitali, yopendekera pang'ono yomwe imasunthira mbali ndi mbali ndikuwathandiza kusambira. Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowongolera thupi m'madzi.
Amphaka ang'ono
Amphaka ang'onoang'ono ndi feline wamba yemwe amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwa anthu kubangula chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a fupa la hyoid. Ambiri aiwo sanaphunzirepo chilengedwe chawo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha moyo wamadzulo komanso malo okhala kutali.
Ku South America, kuli nthumwi za amphaka a ku South America kapena amphaka.
Nyani
Nyani ndi zazikulu, zowononga, ndipo nthawi zina zolengedwa zachilendo modabwitsa. Amasinthasintha osiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo awo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi amwano. Mitundu ina - ma macaque, anyani ndi mangabay - ndiwachilengedwe. Nyani zonse zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mikono ndi miyendo kuti ziziyenda panthambi, koma anyani ena amitengo amagwiritsanso ntchito michira yawo. Mchira womwe umatha kugwira nthambi ndikugwira nyamayi umatchedwa wolimbikira, chifukwa umasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo umatha kujambula zinthu zazing'ono, monga mtedza.
Dwarf Marmoset ndi imodzi mwakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi 100-150 g, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka kumunsi kwa mchira ndi 11-15 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi masentimita 17 mpaka 22. Amatha kupezeka munthambi za nkhalango zamvula zaku South America. Mchira sutsalira khumi, koma umathandizira kuti usasunthike ndikalumpha kuchokera kumtengo kupita pamtengo. Mbawala yam'madzi yakutsogolo imatha kudumpha mpaka mita imodzi. Amayenda pamiyendo yonse.
Achimidzi
Uku ndiye kuchotsera nyama zoyamwitsa zotchedwa marsupials. Ana a nyama izi amabadwa osakhwima, kenako amakula m'thumba la amayi awo, momwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotetezeka. Mwana wakhanda akangobadwa, amadziphatika ku nipple ya mayiyo ndipo samamasula mpaka atapeza kulemera koyenera ndikulimba.
Akazi ambiri akumbali amakhala ndi thumba lomwe limawoneka ngati thumba ndipo limatseguka pamwamba, ndipo mitundu ina pafupi ndi mchira. Onse okhala ndi makutu akumva bwino komanso kumva kununkhira. Amakhala padziko lapansi, mitundu ina imakwera mitengo yabwino komanso osambira aluso. Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya marsituals omwe amakhala m'chigawo chachikulu cha South America ndi white-belided phenum (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).
Titi nyani
Sizikudziwika kuti ndi mitundu ingati ya anyaniwa omwe amakhala ku South America, popeza adamera m'nkhalango zosatheka, zomwe zakuthengo zake sizingafufuzidwe bwino.
Maonekedwe a titi amafanana ndi mirikin, koma amakhala ndi ndewu zazitali. Popita kusaka, amateteza nyama yawo pachingwe cha mtengo, kunyamula manja ndi miyendo yawo pamodzi, ndikugwetsa mchira wawo wamtali. Koma munthawi yoyenera, pogwidwa ndi diso, akugwira omwe akuwathandizira, mwina ndi mbalame yomwe ikuwuluka mlengalenga kapena chamoyo chikuyenda padziko lapansi.
Chithunzi chithunzi nyani
Nyaniwa amakhala m'nkhalango zamkati mwa dziko lonselo. Amakhala m'mitengo ya mitengo, makamaka m'malo a Amazon, osefukira ndi madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa sangathe kulekerera kuzizira.
Amalumphira panthambi mochenjera komanso patali, ndipo pansi amayenda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akumathandizira kutsogolo kwawo kuti azikhala bwino.Ogwira ntchito ku Zoo, powonera anyaniwa, adazindikira chizolowezi chawo pakupaka tsitsi lawo ndi magawo a mandimu. Ndipo amamwa, kunyambita madzi m'manja mwawo.
Saki wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera
Kapuchin
Poyerekeza ndi nyani wina wa New World, cholengedwa ichi ndi chanzeru kwambiri. Ma capuchin amatha kudula mtedza ndi miyala, kupaka ubweya wawo ndi zinthu zonunkhira: malalanje, mandimu, anyezi, nyerere.
Nyama zidayitanira mayina chifukwa chofanana, ubweya umazungulira pamutu, ulusi wa amonke omwewo a Middle Ages. Nyani ali ndi utoto wowala ndi mawonekedwe oyera pankhope, ofanana ndi chizindikiro cha kufa.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa capusi
Vicuna
Vicuna, nyama yomwe imakhala ku Andes, yoimira banja la ngamila, omwe ali m'gulu laosowa. Kwa anthu akale okhala m'mapiri, cholengedwa ichi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chopatulika, kuchiritsa ndi kutumizidwa ndi mulungu Inti.
Pambuyo pake, anthu aku Spain, akufika pa kontrakitala, adayamba kuthamangitsa oyimilira a nyama, pogwiritsa ntchito ubweya wofewa wokongola pazovala za olemekezeka, ndipo nyama ya vicuna idawonedwa ngati chinthu chabwino.
Kuchokera ku banja la callosities, ichi ndiye cholengedwa chaching'ono kwambiri kukula, chokhala ndi misa yoposa 50 kg. Chovala chomwe chimakwirira mbali yakumwambayo ya thupi lake ndi chofiira kwambiri, pafupifupi choyera pakhosi ndi pansi, chosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso kuonda kwambiri tsitsi.
Mu chithunzichi, nyama yanyama
Khola la nkhuku
Woyimira mtundu wopanda ziboda ndipo chinyama chakumwera chakumwera. Chovala cha imvi chopepuka cha cholengedwa chino nthawi yachisanu, m'miyezi yachilimwe chimakhala chofiyira, mchira wake umakhala wodera komanso woyera kumapeto.
Nyama imadya makungwa ndi nthambi za mtengo, masamba, zitsamba, zipatso. Kusaka kwa oimira awa ndi ochepa, koma zoletsedwazo zimaphwanyidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake agwape amawopsezedwa kuti awonongeke.
Khola la nkhuku
Mphaka wa pampas
Thupi la woimira banja latsopanoli, lofanana ndi mphaka wa kuthengo waku Europe, ndiwakuthwa, mutu umakhala wozungulira komanso wozungulira. Amadziwikiranso ndi makutu akuthwa, maso akuluakulu ali ndi mwana wosunthika, miyendo yayifupi, mchira wautali komanso mchira wakuda.
Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wa siliva kapena wa imvi, wachikasu opepuka kapena oyera. Anthu okhala chinyama mu masitepe akumwera aku America, imapezekanso kumapiri achonde, nthawi zina m'nkhalango ndi m'madambo. Imasaka makoswe ang'ono, abuluzi ndi nthenga zosiyanasiyana usiku. Amphaka amphampas amatha kuthana ndi nkhuku.
M'chithunzichi mphaka wa pampas
Tuco-tuco
Cholengedwa chaching'ono, cholemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu, chimakhala pansi panthaka ndipo chikuwoneka ngati tchire la tchire, koma moyo wa woimira amtunduwu wasiyiratu chizindikiro chake zingapo.
Nyama imakhala ndi maso ang'ono komanso yobisika mu ubweya, makutu akulu. Pangani-tuco chachikulu, chopondera tating'ono, khosi lalifupi, miyendo yaying'ono yayikulu ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu.
Nyama imakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi dothi lotayirira. Sichimapezeka padziko lapansi, chimadya zipatso zabwino. Nyamazi, polumikizana wina ndi mzake, zimapanga mawu: "tuco-tuco", pomwe adatchulira dzina.
Tuco Wanyama
Whiskach
Nyamayo ndi kukula kwa kalulu wamkulu, yemwe amafanana ndi mawonekedwe. Koma mchirawo ndi wautali, komanso wofanana ndi mpweya wokupizira tiyi. Kwa iwo, whiskey panthawi yangozi amawomba pansi ndi phokoso, kuchenjeza za zovuta za abale.
Nyama zimalemera pafupifupi 7 kg. Miyendo yawo ndi makutu ndi afupikitsa, malowo ndi amaso amaso ndi mikwingwirima kumaso. Nyamazo zimadzuka usiku ndipo zimadya pazomera. Ali ndi chizolowezi chokoka chilichonse chomwe chimalowa m'makola awo ndipo osati kwenikweni, amapanga zinthu zonse nthawi zonse.
Pacithunzi-thunzi, nyama ya teke
Cayman
Zotupa kuchokera ku banja la alligator. Caimans siili yayikulu kwambiri, yochepera mamita awiri. Kuchokera kwa alligators, amasiyana pamaso pa mafupa mbale pamimba. Amakhala m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, amakonda kuphimba dzuwa. Ndiwotsutsa, koma ochepera kuposa achibale ambiri. Samazunza anthu.
Mu chithunzi cayman
Mbalame ya Nandu
Mbalame yothamanga iyi - wokhala m'mapiri a Pampa, ndiwofanana ndi nthiwatiwa ya ku Africa, koma ndiyocheperako pang'ono ndipo siyimayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Zamoyo izi sizingathe kuuluka, koma gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya mapiko awo kuthamanga.
Amakhala ndi thupi lopanda mawonekedwe, mutu wochepa, koma khosi lalitali ndi miyendo. Pafamuyo, mbalamezi zimaweta nyama ndi nthenga. Mazira a Nanda ndi athanzi, komanso apamwamba kuposa nkhuku pazinthu zawo zopatsa thanzi.
Mu chithunzi ndidzatero
Phula wa Amazon
Dzinali la parrot limalankhula momveka bwino malo omwe amakhala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimapezeka m'nkhalango zomwe zimamera ku Amazon. Mitundu ya phula ya Amazon imawaphimba bwino posachedwa ndi nkhalangoyi.
Mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame zambiri zimakhala kunja kwa nkhalango, komwe zimapita kukagula minda ndi minda, ndikusangalala ndi mbali ya mbewu. Koma anthu amadzivulitsanso mbalame zotere, kufafaniza Amazon chifukwa cha nyama yokoma. Nthawi zambiri ziweto izi zimasungidwa m'khola, zimakhala zosangalatsa chifukwa zimatsanzira zolankhula bwino.
Phula wa Amazon
Manasee aku America
Nyama zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi osaya a gombe la Atlantic. Amathanso kukhala m'madzi atsopano. Kutalika kwa manatee ndi atatu kapena kupitirira, kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumafika 600 kg.
Tizilomboti tapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, ndipo kutsogolo kwawo kumafanana ndi zipsepse. Amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba. Amakhala ndi vuto loona, ndipo amalankhula, akukhudza nkhope zawo.
Manasee aku America
Amazonia Inia Dolphin
Yaikulu kwambiri dolphin. Unyinji wa thupi lake ungayesedwe 200 kg. Tizilomboti timakapangidwa utoto wakuda, ndipo nthawi zina timakhala ndi kamvekedwe kakhungu.
Ali ndi maso ang'ono ndi mlomo wopindika wokutidwa ndi bristles tini. Amakhala mu ukapolo osaposa zaka zitatu ndipo ndiovuta kuwaphunzitsa. Amakhala ndi vuto la maso.
Inia mtsinje wa dolphin
Nsomba za Piranha
Cholengedwa cham'madzi chotchukachi, chotchuka chifukwa cha kuwombana kwake ndi mphezi, idalandira mutu wa nsomba zamakedzana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndiutali wosapitirira 30 cm, amachitira nkhanza mwankhanza komanso mwamwano ndipo samanyoza kudya mitembo.
Mapangidwe a piranha ali ndi mawonekedwe a rhombus, oponderezedwa kuchokera kumbali. Nthawi zambiri mtundu umakhala wa imvi. Pali mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe zimadya masamba, mbewu ndi mtedza.
Zithunzi za piranha
Giant arapaimea nsomba
Malinga ndi asayansi, kuwonekera kwa nsomba yakaleyi, nkhokwe yamoyo, sizinasinthidwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Munthu aliyense payekhapayekha, monga momwe anthu akumalonda amatitsimikizira, amafikira kutalika kwa mikono inayi, ndipo akulemera makilogalamu 200. Zowona, zofanizira wamba ndizosachepera, koma arapaima ndi mtundu wamalonda wofunikira.
Giant arapaimea nsomba
Eel yamagetsi
Nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zowopsa, zolemera mpaka makilogalamu 40, zimapezeka m'mitsinje yopanda kontrakitala ndipo imakhalapo ndi anthu ambiri ovulala.
Eel imatha kupatsa magetsi magetsi ambiri, koma imangodya nsomba zochepa zokha. Ili ndi thupi lokwera ndipo limakhala ndi khungu losalala. Mtundu wa nsomba ndi lalanje kapena bulauni.
Nsomba zamagetsi
Agrias Claudina Gulugufe
Gulugufe wokongola kwambiri wamvula yamvula yotentha yokhala ndi sikelo, yodzaza ndi utoto, mapiko owala a masentimita 8. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuphatikiza kwa mithunzi zimatengera ndi zolengedwa zomwe tafotokozazo, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi khumi. Sikovuta kuwona gulugufe, chifukwa ndi osowa. Ndikovuta kwambiri kukongola kukongola koteroko.
Agrias Claudina Gulugufe
Opanda zopanda pake
Anthu osavomerezeka popanda phokoso ndi amphibians otentha omwe amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi zazikulu kapena njoka zoterera. Alibe miyendo, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe mutu uli ndi mchira uli. Khungu lawo limakhala losalala komanso lofiirira, imvi, lofiirira, lakuda, lalanje kapena lachikasu. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi timaluwa tating'onoting'ono.
Anthu ambiri amakhala m'mizenje mobisa. Chigoba cholimba, chakuthwa, chowongoka chimathandizira anthu amtunduwu kukumba m'matope ofewa.Chifukwa cha moyo wawo wapansi, amakhala ndi chidwi chochepa chofuna kuwona kapena kumva. Chifukwa chake, maso awo ndi ang'onoting'ono pamtundu wina kapena obisika pansi pa khungu kapena chigaza, mumtundu wina ali ofanana ndi ma tubercles.
Oimira mabanja otsatirawa amakhala ku South America: Rhinatrematidae, Caeciliidae, Typhlonectidae, Siphonopidae, Dermophiidae.
Zopanda kanthu
Pali mitundu yambiri yamtambo yopanda mchira, chilichonse chimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo payokha, kaya ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri, mapiri owopsa kapena nkhalango zotentha. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kupezeka m'madzi, pamtunda kapena pamitengo, ndipo imabwera mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu.
Achule ndi banja la achule owopsa ochokera mkalasi yopanda waya. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wawo wowoneka bwino, omwe amaphatikiza mitundu yotsatirayi: wofiira ndi wakuda, wachikaso ndi wobiriwira, lalanje ndi siliva, wabuluu ndi wachikaso, wobiriwira ndi wakuda, pinki ndi siliva. Mtundu wawo wowala sindiye chizindikiro cha kukongola, koma ndi chenjezo kuti ali ndi poyizoni.
Awa ndi achule ang'onoang'ono, okhala padziko lapansi, masana omwe amakhala kwambiri masamba otsika m'nkhalango, koma mitundu ina imakhala m'mitengo yayitali ndipo mwina singatsike. Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhokwe yamvula pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena maiwe a Central ndi South America.
Poizoni wapoizoni angayambitse kutupa kwambiri, nseru ndi minofu. Ngati nyama yolusa ipulumuka itatha kudya chule loterolo, ikumbukira cholakwa chake, osayesanso kudya ndi china chake mtsogolomo. Komabe, pali njoka imodzi, Leimadophis epinephelus, yomwe imagwidwa ndi ululu wa chule ndipo imadyanso nyama zazing'onozi.
Ngwazi
Wokhathamira wamagazi, wokhala ndi khungu lakuda, komanso kuyikira mazira, mawonekedwe akale a ng'ona (Chikamba), anthu ena amachita mantha, pomwe ena amasilira, ndipo mwina onse akumva nthawi imodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, oimira gulu la ng'ona - alligators, ng'ona, caimans ndi ma gavials - ndi gulu losamveka la nyama, zomwe zambiri zimakumana ndi zoopsa ku malo awo, ndipo anthu amawasaka chifukwa cha khungu. Mwa mitundu 23 ya ng'ona, zisanu ndi ziwiri zikuwopsezedwa kuti ziwonongedwe, ndipo pafupifupi zonse zikuwopsezedwa kuti zidzatha m'mbali zawo zina.
Popeza adawonekera pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, adapulumuka ma dinosaurs, nthawi ya ayezi, ndi zina zambiri, koma sizinasinthe pakapita nthawi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ng'ona ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi mbalame ndi ma dinosaurs kuposa nyama zambiri zangokhala. Asayansi anayika ming'alu ndi manyowa m'mabanja osiyanasiyana kutengera kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo.
Korona wa Orinoc - sikuti ndi nyama zodzala kwambiri zaku South America zokha, koma nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kutalika kwa zinthu zokwawa izi kumatha kupitirira 5 metres, ndipo misa ndi 400 kg.
Njovu kapena Galapagos
Zipolopolo za ku Galapagos ndiye ziphaso zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa zokwawa zonse. Amuna amatha kulemera kuposa 227 kg, ndipo kulemera kwakanthawi zazikazi kumakhala pafupifupi 113 kg. Ali ndi miyendo yolimba, yolimba kuthandizira kulemera kwa thupi, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali kugona pansi kuti apulumutse mphamvu. Mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi bulawuni. M'mitundu yambiri, carapace ndi yamitundu iwiri - yolamulidwa komanso yachisoni. Mtundu wodziwika bwino umapezeka mwa anthu omwe amakhala m'mapiri okhala ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Mtambo wonga chishalo ulola kuti ufulu ugwire bwino kufikira tinthu tambiri kutalika pamwamba pa nthaka kapena kukulitsa khosi lake kuti uzidyetsa zitsamba ndi cacti.
Ibis
Ma buluzi ndi mbalame zazitali komanso mbalame za pamtunda zazitali komanso zazikulu. Amakhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso miyendo, ndipo amuna, monga lamulo, ndiakulu kuposa zazikazi ndipo ali ndi milomo yayitali.
Kuchokera ku banja la ibis, mitundu yotsatirayi imapezeka ku South America: ibis yofiira ndi yoyera kuchokera ku mtundu Eudosimus, buledi wooneka bwino komanso woonda Plegadis, oyimira mabanja TheristicusCercibis, Mesembrinibis, Phimosus.
Chifalansa
Maelon ndiosavuta kuzizindikira, chifukwa ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi chikwama pansi pa milomo yawo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera nsomba. Pelicans ndi mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi ndipo zimakonda kukhala momasuka pamtunda. Chifukwa cha mapazi okhala ndi masamba, ndiwosambira kwambiri. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito mulomo wawo kuphimba nthenga ndi mafuta osaloledwa a madzi pansi pa mchira.
Pelicans amauluka kwambiri, koma posakhala mphepo, kuuluka kungakhale kovuta kwa mbalamezi. Kuti liwone kuthamanga, buluzi amayenera kuthamanga ndi madzi, kuthina ndi mapiko akulu ndikulimbana ndi zala.
Ku South America, kuli mitundu Pelecanus thagus, komwe mpaka 2007 zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa peican yaku America. Amakonda malo amiyala, mosiyana ndi mitengo. Chiwerengerochi ndi anthu pafupifupi 500,000.
Parrots
Pakadali pano pali mitundu yopitilira 350 ya mbalamezi. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake m'njira zambiri, mbalamezo zimakhala ndi mulomo wopindika, kapangidwe kake ka zala, kudya mtedza, njere, zipatso ndi tizilombo. Ziromboti zimakhala ndi milomo yolimba, yolimba, yomwe ndiyabwino kupwanya mtedza ndi mbewu zolimba.
Ku South America kuli zimbudzi kuchokera kwa mbalame zocheza zenizeni (Psittacinae).
Gulugufe
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 16,000 ya gulugufe yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse kupatula Antarctica, ndipo tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timakhala ndi mitundu ndi kukula kwake. Mitundu yayikulu ikhoza kufika mainchesi 30 mulifupi, pomwe yaying'ono kwambiri - osapitilira mutu wofananira.
Agulugufe odziwika kwambiri ku South America ndi agulugufe amtundu wa genus morpho (Morpho), agulugufe amtundu wa Greta (Greta).
Hercules Chikumbu
Mtunduwu ndi umodzi mwazomera zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasintha kuyambira 80 mpaka 170 mm. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Elytra ya kachilomboka ndi chikasu cha maolivi wachikasu. Pamutu ndi expressionotum pali nyanga.
Akangaude
Akangaude ali ndi mbiri yoyipa ndipo amalimbikitsa mantha mwa anthu ambiri. Koma ndi mitundu yocheperako yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwa anthu, ndikuluma ngati akuwona zoopsa. Akangaude siali a tizilombo tosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakuthengo. Mwachitsanzo, akangaude ali ndi magawo awiri apamwamba a thupi: gawo loyambitsidwa limatchedwa cephalothorax, ndipo kumbuyo ndikotulutsidwa pamimba, tizilombo tili ndi mbali zitatu za thupi: mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba. Akangaude ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu, pomwe tizilombo tili ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
Ma tarantulas am'banja Theraphosidae ndi amodzi mwa akangaude akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amapezeka osati ku South America kokha, komanso kumayiko ena kupatula Antarctica. Zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimasiyana ndi dzina lawo, samadya nyama ya nkhuku nthawi zonse. Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi poizoni, koma mosiyanasiyana. Poizoniyu sapha munthu wamkulu komanso wathanzi, zomwe sizinganenedwe za ana ang'ono ndi anthu omwe amawaganizira.
Scorpions
Scorpions ndi m'gulu la ma arthropods. Amakonda nyengo zotentha ndipo amakhala moyo wokhazikika. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 1750 ya chinkhanira, koma 50 yokha ndiyowopsa kwa anthu chifukwa chakupha. Malingaliro asanu ndi amodzi a miyendo yolumikizidwa ndi cephalothorax, anayi omwe adapangidwa kuti azitha kuyenda.
Izi ndi nyama za viviparous; zimadutsa mozungulira moyo popanda metamorphosis. Scorpions sizichitika usiku ndipo zimatha kuthamanga mwachangu. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso arachnids. Poizoni wa mitundu yambiri ndiosavulaza, koma anthu ena ndi owopsa ndipo amatha kupha, makamaka kwa ana.
Scorpions ochokera ku mabanja otsatirawa amapezeka ku South America: Buthidae, Chactidae, Scorpionidae, Euscorpidae, Hemiscorpiidae, Bothriuridae.
Arapaima
Arapaim imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zamadzi padziko lapansi, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mamitala awiri. Thupi la nsomba ndi lalitali komanso lathyathyathya, lophimbidwa ndi mamba. Zimakonda ku mtsinje wa Amazon. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nsomba, nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame.
Piranha wamba
Piranha wamba ndi mtundu wa nsomba zomwe zadziwika kuti ndiwotsogolera anthu ndi nyama. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana 10 mpaka 15 cm, ndipo kulemera mkati mwa 1 kg. Nsomba imeneyi imadziwika ndi mano osalala komanso akuthwa, omwe amakumbatira nyama yawo. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake, ma piran amatha kuzindikira magazi kuchokera kutali. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi nsomba ndi mbalame.
Catfish Flathead
Kankhono kamene kali mokhazikika ndimtundu wina wa nsomba zofiirira zomwe zimangokhala m'mitsinje yamadzi ku South America. Imatha kutalika thupi pafupifupi 1.8 m ndi kulemera kwa 80 kg. Tinsomba zowala izi zimakhala ndi msana wakhungu, komanso mapiri ofiira a malalanje ndi zipsepse zamkati. Pali tinyanga pamtondo wapamwamba komanso wotsika. Izi nsomba zimatha kupanga phokoso lomwe limatalika mpaka mtunda wa 100 metres.