Thupi lokweralo la nyama zotere limasinthika bwino kuti lizisambira mwachangu. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi timawu tatifupi. Mchira, wokutira m'munsi ndikuthilira chakumapeto, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lonse, mumtundu wina umakutidwa ndi mbali yoyang'ana.
Mutu wa ma otters onse amakutidwa, ma vibrissae angapo amakula kuzungulira mphuno ndi m'mbali. Makutu ndi ang'ono komanso ozungulira, pafupi kwambiri posambira. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zikhadabo. Mawonekedwe akhungu kwambiri (tsitsi pafupifupi 70,000 pa 1 cm2) ndi tsitsi lalitali lakunja lomwe limagwira mpweya limateteza nyama ku hypothermia m'madzi.
Dziwani malingaliro ena pafupi.
Mtsinje (Common) Otter
Mitundu yodziwika komanso yodziwika bwino. Komanso, isanatulutsidwe m'zaka za zana la 19, malo okhala mtsinjewo anali ochulukirachulukira kuyambira ku Ireland kupita ku Japan komanso kuchokera ku Siberia kupita ku Sri Lanka. Masiku ano imapezeka kumayiko ambiri a Eurasia kumwera kwa tundra, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.
Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndi 57-70 cm, kulemera sikumaposa 10 kg. Ubweya ndi wofiirira, pakhosi kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka mtundu wa zonona. Zilimba zimapangidwa bwino, misomali ndi yamphamvu. Mchirawo ndi wa 35-40 cm, cylindrical, wandiweyani pansi.
Zithunzi zojambulidwa pamtsinje wa Novosibirsk Zoo.
Lutra lutra
Sumatran Otter
Amakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi a Southeast Asia.
Lutra sumatrana
Pamwamba pa ubweya ndi woderapo, pansi kumakhala kopepuka, khosi limakhala loyera. Zomwe zimapanga ma paws zimapangidwa bwino, misomali ndi yolimba. Mphuno ya Sumatran otter, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imakutidwa ndi tsitsi.
Wamphamvuyonse waku Asia Otter
Kugawidwa ku India, Sri Lanka, kumwera kwa China, Indochina, Indonesia. Sipangopezeka m'mitsinje, komanso m'minda ya mpunga.
Aonyx cinerea
Maonekedwe ang'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 45. Ubweya wake umakhala wopepuka kwa bulauni, kummero ndikuwonekeratu. Matako ndi ochepa, miyendo yam'manja imatha kufikira zolumikizana zomaliza za zala, zikhadabo ndizokhotakhota.
Giant otter
Amakhala ku South America.
Pteronura brasiliensis
Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumatha kufika 123 cm, kulemera - 35 kg. Ubweya pamwamba umakhala wakuda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawanga amchere pa chibwano, pakhosi ndi pachifuwa, milomo ndi chibwano zimayera. Tizilombo tating'ono tambiri ndikakang'ono, ma membala ndi zibwano zimapangidwa bwino. Mchira, womwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 65 cm, uli pakatikati momwe mungathere.
Izi mwina ndizosowa kwambiri. Chifukwa chofunafuna ubweya wofunikira kwambiri, chimphona chachikulucho chinasowa kwambiri pamitundu yambiri. Pakadali pano, choopseza chachikulu kwa iye ndikuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala.
Nyanja otter
Nyanja otter imapezeka pachilumba cha Kuril ndi Aleutian, gombe la North America kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku California. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 130 cm, ndipo unyinji wake umaposa chimphona chachikulu kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi oimira ena amtundu wamkati wokhala ndi thupi lopanda kuchepa komanso mchira wofupikitsa. Werengani zambiri zamatayala am'nyanja pano.
Enhydra lutris
Mphaka otter
Imakhala m'madzi amphepo yamkuntho ku West Coast ya South America kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku Cape Horn.
Lontra felina
Mwa zina zoyimitsa, iye amawoneka bwino ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino. Monga nyuwa yam'madzi, iye amangokhala m'madzi am'nyanja.
Mkulu Wamphamvuyonse Otter
Pamakhala chigwa cha Congo (Africa).
Aonyx congicus
Ubweya pamwamba ndi wofiirira, masaya ndi khosi zimakhala zoyera. Pa phatili yopanda utoto, zala zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Kodi otter amadya chiyani?
Woyambitsa nyama ndi wadyera ndipo amadya kwambiri nsomba. Nyama yake imakhala ndi mitundu yapansi, monga eel. Nthawi zambiri imagwira achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, makoswe am'madzi, chilombo chimatha kugwira bakha kapena tsekwe.
Ma Otter amakhala ndi metabolism yozama. Thupi m'madzi limapereka kutentha msanga, zomwe zimatengera mphamvu zambiri. Patsiku lomwe amafunika kudya kuchuluka kwa nsomba, mpaka 15% ya kulemera kwawo. Chifukwa chake, amakhala nthawi yayitali akusaka - kuyambira maola atatu mpaka asanu patsiku.
Otter nthawi zambiri amasaka yekha. Mitundu ina yokha (yayikulu, ya tsitsi losalala, yaku Canada komanso yoyera) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagulu posaka.
Pa chithunzichi, ovuta, atatha kusaka bwino, adatuluka m'madzi kuti adye.
Khalidwe la Otter
Ma Otter ndiye okhawo omwe amaphedwa omwe ali ndi moyo wa amphibian. Amasambira mwachangu komanso kumayenda pansi modabwitsa. Amadyetsa makamaka m'madzi, komanso amakhala momasuka pamtunda. Mwachitsanzo, mtsinje wa mitsinje umatha kuyenda mu chisanu kwa maola angapo mosalekeza.
Nthawi zambiri, ma ottery amakhala m'maenje, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakonzekeretsa nyumbayo kuti khomo lolowamo lizitseguka pansi pa madzi. Nthawi zina amachita zinthu ngati phula mumabedi.
Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira pamalo omwe otter amakhala, chimatha kukhazikika kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe, ngati masheya amachepetsedwa, nyamayo imasamukira kumalo ena "mkate". Kuphatikiza pa dzenje lalikulu m'deralo la nyama yanzeru, pali malo ena owonjezera omwe mungabisike kwa adani ambiri - nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, wolverines, mimbulu, lynxes, ndi zina zambiri.
Otter amakhala otakataka makamaka madzulo komanso usiku, komanso masana, ngati palibe amene akuwasokoneza, amatha kusaka.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya otters imadziwika ndi magulu osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati ma sea otter atha kukhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo amuna oyimitsa ku Canada amapanga magulu a anthu 10-16, ndiye kuti otsekereza mumtsinje amakonda kukhala pawokha. Akazi okhala ndi ana amatenga gawo limodzi ndi akazi ena, komabe aliyense amateteza gawo lawolo. Ziwembu zazimuna zazikulupo ndizokulirapo ndipo zimalimbirana ndi ziweto zazimayi zingapo. Akazi ndi amuna okhaokha amangogwirizana kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri nyengo yakubzala. Amuna samatenga nawo gawo polera ana ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri m'mitsinje yayikulu komanso m'malo opezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Akazi amakonda mitsinje ing'onoing'ono komanso malo okhala.
Akazi a otter wamba ndi amayi osamala kwambiri. Ana ake amakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka atafika zaka 1. Pakadali pano, akuwaphunzitsa momwe angawedza. Kusodza ndi luso lenileni, ndipo ku ungwiro, achichepere achichepere amangochita bwino pofika chaka ndi theka.
Otters amalankhula kwambiri. Mu otters wamba, zizindikiro zomveka kwambiri ndizizolowezi zapamwamba pakati pa amayi ndi ana. Pankhondo, nyama zimatha kumeza ngati amphaka, ndipo anthu owopsa nthawi zambiri amasangalala. M'masewera, kupenya kwawo kumafalikira patali.
Kusamalira zachilengedwe
Ubweya wa otter ndiwokongola komanso wolimba kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake m'mbuyomu nyama izi zidaphedwa paliponse. Zidawonongekanso pofuna kupewa kuti nsomba zizichepetsedwa. Dongosolo lotere silimapezekanso m'maiko ambiri kumene limakonda kufalikira (mwachitsanzo, ku Netherlands, Belgium ndi Switzerland). Ndipo masiku ano, pamene mitundu yonse ya ma otter adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse lapansi, ziwerengero zawo zikupitilira kuchepa chifukwa choipitsidwa ndi matupi amadzi.
Mawonekedwe
Mtsinje wa otter, womwe umadziwika bwino kwambiri kwa anthu okhala ku Russia, umakhala ndi thupi lotalika komanso losinthika kwambiri, lomwe limathandiza kuti lizisambira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa maatters kuli pakati pa 55-95 cm popanda mchira. Mchira womwewo umakhalanso wotalikirapo, pafupifupi 25 mpaka 55 cm. Nyama yachikulire imalemera pafupifupi 6-10 kg. Ma ottira amakhala ndi ndere zakuthwa kwambiri, ndipo pali ziwalo zosambira pakati pa zala.
Khungu la otter silowoneka bwino, lofiirira. Ndipo gawo lamunsi la thupi ndi mbali yake ndiyopepuka, mpaka pamtambo woyera kapena siliva. Nyama zam'mitsinjezi zimakhala ndi undercoat yowonda kwambiri komanso yosakhazikika, yomwe siyilola kuti madzi azilowa pakhungu pakusambira. Chifukwa chake, otter amatetezedwa nthawi zonse ku hypothermia.
Osangokhala nembanemba pamiyendo, komanso mchira wautali wosasunthika, mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi ndi mavenda m'makutu ndi mphuno, zomwe zimawateteza kumadzi, amathandizira kusambira mtsinje wa otter.
Habitat
Mtsinjewo umakhala m'malo otentha, pafupi ndi mitsinje yomwe ili ndi nyama zambiri, makamaka nsomba. Amakonda mitsinje ya m'nkhalango, kutali ndi nyumba za anthu. Zochulukitsa zachilengedwe zabwinozi zimafunafuna malo obisika okhala ndi kamvuluvulu ndi mapampu oti zikhale ndi moyo, popeza madzi sazizira mkati mwa dzinja. Ndiye chifukwa cha izi kuti ma otter sakhala m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakokedwa mosavuta ndi ayezi ndi kutumphuka kwa ayezi.
Osetsa mitsinje amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinjeyo momwe mungabisike mosavuta kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Zibowo zawo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwanjira yoti zitha kufikira madzi okha. Koma nthawi zina ma ottery amakhala m'mapanga amtsinje wamtsinje m'nyumba.
Mitundu yamtundu wachilengedwe
Kuyambira 2000, ovuta wamba wakhala akuphatikizidwa mndandanda wa International Union for Conservation of Natural ngati mtundu "wosauka".
Kukula kwam'mphepete mwa nyanja, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje ndi zimbudzi, kuwedza nsomba - zonsezi zimalepheretsa malo okhala momwe amapezekera komanso chakudya. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma boti anali atawonongedwa mopanda chisoni chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola wopanda madzi. Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha oster omwe akukhala mwachilengedwe chatsika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pantchito zaulimi kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Moyo
Otters amakhala ndi moyo wopindulitsa, kutanthauza kuti, amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Komabe, sakonda kupita kupitirira 100 metres kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, chifukwa ma otter amamva kuti ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi madzi. Ma ottery amtsinje nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka zambiri m'malo amodzi. Koma izi zimangopezeka m'malo ano. Kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chakudya, otter amayamba kuyang'ana malo ena.
Otters amakhala osamala kwambiri komanso anzeru. Kuphatikiza pa burulu wamkulu, amakhalanso ndi zowonjezera zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wobisala msanga kwa zilombo zikuluzikulu - nkhandwe, mimbulu, zimbalangondo ndi nkhandwe. Nyama zathanzi izi zimakonda kusaka nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku, koma ngati kuli kotheka, ngati palibe amene angazisokere, pitani kosaka ndipo masana. Ma otter a mumtsinje amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pawokha komanso amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 10 kapena kupitilira.
Onani ndi mamuna
Pa mapu a dera la Tver pali Vydropuzhsk yokhala kumidzi, komwe kuli anthu 505. Mudziwo uli pamsewu wa Moscow - St. Petersburg. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzinalo lidachokera pakufotokozera komwe madera amapezeka mwaulere.
Kuyambira kale, zikopa za otter zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chosinthanitsa, mwachitsanzo, zikopa zakale za Viking zidasinthiratu. Nyamayi ndi nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya ubweya, ubweya wake imawoneka yokongola, yolimba komanso masokosi. Chovala chofewa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ubweya wa otter chitha kuvekedwa mpaka zaka 30, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ubweyawo umakhala ndi katundu wodabwitsa - "wopanda madzi". Ali mu ukapolo, sanaphunzitse kulima maatter, nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama, kupha anthu zikwizikwi chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, koma tsopano asodzi aletsedwa, chifukwa asandulika mtundu wotetezedwa.
Koma osati ubweya wamtengo wapatali wokha womwe unakopa chidwi cha anthu ku oster. Zitha kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira asodzi. Zoyesa zotchinga pachifukwa ichi zidayamba zaka zambiri zapitazo. M'masiku akale, achi China, Amwenye, Achijeremani, ndi Britain adachita izi, kuweta nyama yaying'ono, ndikulima othandizira posodza. Ndipo masiku ano, m'maiko ena aku Asia, anthu akumaloko akutenga magulu asodzi kuti akole nsomba muukonde. Nyama zikuluzikulu zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakula zimasambira momasuka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri sizimayenda kutali ndi makolo awo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya zam'mitsinje ya mitsinje ndizosiyanasiyana, komabe zambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, matope a matope kapena mitembo. Chithandizo chapadera cha otters ndi nsomba za salmon. Nthawi zina, pom'tsata, osintha amayenda maulendo ataliatali. Njira yogaya chakudya chodya nyama yaying'ono iyi ndiyosangalatsanso. Modabwitsa, chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa chimadutsa kwathunthu m'matumbo a otter mu ola limodzi lokha.
Ma otter a mumtsinje samanyansidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya crustaceans, maollus, nsikidzi zamadzi, nseru ndi ma amphibians. Amadyanso mazira a mbalame kapena mazira a nyama zina zazing'ono za m'mitsinje (ma beavers, muskrats) mosangalatsa. Nthawi zina mbalame zimabwera kwa iwo kuti adye nkhomaliro. Zimatha kukhala abakha, atsekwe kapena mbalame zina zovulala zomwe sizinathe kuuluka.
Mu nthawi yozizira yozizira, ma otter amatha kusaka nsomba mwachindunji pansi pa ayezi, pomwe pamakhala mlengalenga waukulu wam'mlengalenga chifukwa chotsitsa madzi.
Kuswana
Ma otter a mitsinje amakhala m'magulu awiriwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha kubereka. Nthawi yakukhwima ili mchaka. M'malo okhala m'malo otentha, nthawi yamapeto a kubereka, pomwe mwana amakula, amatha kufikira masiku 250 kapena kupitilira. Ndiye kuti, ana muakazi amatha kuwoneka mochedwa kuposa masika. Mwachitsanzo, mu Januwale kapena ngakhale kungoyambira kumene.
Mu ana amodzi, amabadwa ana awiri mpaka anayi omwe amakhala akhungu ndipo osatha kubereka mwezi wathunthu. Ndipo amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa nthawi yayitali, omwe amaphunzitsa mwaluso maluso awo pakupanga mkondo.
Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa otter tsopano kukuchepa m'maiko ambiri. M'mbuyomu, izi zidachitika chifukwa choti adachotsedweratu chifukwa cha ubweya wolimba komanso wokongola, komanso kuti asunge m'matangadza a nsomba. Tsopano, kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa dziwe lakutali ngakhale kukukhala mdani wamkulu wamayendedwe amtsinje.
Nyama ku Zoo ya Moscow
Omanga athu akhala akukhala kumalo osungira nyama kwazaka zambiri, amatha kumatchedwa zakale. Nyama, ngakhale anali wamkulu kwambiri (wamwamuna Gavril adabadwa mu 2007, ndi Achisanu mu 2005), amasangalatsa alendo ngati ochepa, ndipo amakonza "zowonetsera" - amalumpha, kumaima m'mizati, kukulira m'madzi ndi m'chiuno. Otters amakonda kwambiri momwe osambira mu dziwe "amawongolera makilomita", akusambira kumisana kwawo kuchokera kumphepete mwa msewu kupita kwina. Khola lotchingali ndi lalikulu, kuphatikiza ma dziwe atatu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikuzama ndi madzi. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mwayi wobisala kwa alendo, nthawi iliyonse imatha kubisala m'mabisala mkati mwa timabowo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, yotsekedwa ndi khomo lazowala labala, ndipo ili pansi pa khoma lamatabwa la aviary.
Omwe akuyendetsa ndege athu akusangalala: amatha kusaka mpheta ndi abakha akuwuluka mu ndege, kapena amatha kusambira, atanyamula mitembo yokhazikitsidwa munyanja.
Amadyetsa ma otters ndi nsomba, chiwindi, mtima wamphongo, amakonda maapulo kuchokera zipatso, amakonda karoti yaiwisi. Amalandiranso kuvala kwapamwamba, komwe chakudya chimakonkhedwa ndi ufa wopangidwa ndi mavitamini ndi mchere.
Otter
Otter - woimira mustachioed wa banja la marten. Ichi sichingokhala chinyama chamawonekedwe okhaokha komanso chosangalatsa, komanso osambira osatopa, kulumphira pansi, anzeru anzeru, komanso omenyera nkhondo enieni, okonzekera kumenya nkhondo ndi chosokoneza. Madzi ndi gawo la otter, ndi mabingu a nsomba, crustaceans ndi mussels. Pamalo ochezera pa intaneti, otter ndi otchuka kwambiri, izi sizotsatira maonekedwe ake okongola, komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Nyakwayo ndi nyama yomwe imadya yochokera ku banja la ofera. Ponseponse, pali mitundu 12 yosiyanasiyana mu banja la otter, ngakhale limadziwika 13. Mitundu ya ku Japan ya nyama yosangalatsayi idatha padziko lapansi.
Pali mitundu yambiri, koma odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- mtsinje otter (wamba),
- Woyesa wamkulu waku Brazil (chimphona),
- nsomba yamtunda (sea otter),
- Sumatran otter,
- Asiatic otter (palibe kachilomboka).
Mtsinje womwe uli pamalopo ndi wofala kwambiri, timvetsetsa za nthawi yake, koma tidzaphunziranso za mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa.Nyani yotentha ikakhazikika ku Amazon, imangokonda zotentha. Pamodzi ndi mchira, kukula kwake ndi mikono iwiri, ndipo wolusa choterocho amalemera 20 kg. Paws imakhala ndi ubweya wamphamvu, wopindika, wamtambo wakuda. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha otters chatsika kwambiri.
Ma ottery apanyanja, kapena maatomati amnyanja, amatchedwanso onyamula nyanja. Osintha nyanja amakhala ku Kamchatka, North America, pa zilumba za Aleutian. Akuluakulu, kulemera kwa amuna kumafika 35 kg. Nyama izi ndizanzeru komanso zanzeru. Amayika zakudya zawo m'thumba mwapadera lomwe lili pansi pa dzanja lamanzere. Kuti adye ma mollusks, adagawana zipolopolo zawo ndi miyala. Nyanja yakutchire imatetezedwa, tsopano chiwerengero chake chakwera pang'ono, koma kusaka nyama kumakhalabe koletsedwa.
Kodi otter amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mtsinje Otter
Chothekera chimatha kupezeka paliponseponse kupatula wina waku Australia. Ndi nyama zapamadzi, motero amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje, komanso dambo. Zimbudzi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, koma chinthu chimodzi sichimasinthika - ndikuyeretsa kwamadzi ndikuyenda kwake. Wotulutsa sakhala m'madzi akuda. M'dziko lathu, otter ali paliponse; amakhala ku Far North, Chukotka.
Dera lokhalidwa ndi oster limatha kupitilira kwamakilomita angapo (mpaka 20). Malo ochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndipo amakhala pafupifupi makilomita awiri. Madera ochulukirapo amapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Amuna amakhala atali kwambiri kuposa akazi, njira zawo zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Woyambitsa yemweyo pa gawo lake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nyumba zingapo momwe amakhala nthawi. Zidyamazi sizimanga nyumba zawo. Otters amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana pakati pa miyala, pansi pa mizu ya mbewu m'mbali mwa miyala.
Malo otetezekawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutuluka angapo. Komanso, omangamanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zomwe anthu omwe adakonzedwa ndi nyala, momwe amakhala. Woyeserera ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi nyumba yosungidwa nthawi zonse. Zitha kukhala zothandiza pokhapokha malo ake ogona ali m'dera la kusefukira kwa madzi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi wamasiku ano umasintha momwe moyo wawo umakhalira komanso chikhalidwe chake. Wowoyayo amakhala ndi chidwi komanso mosamala. Amamva kwambiri, amamva kununkhira komanso maso owoneka bwino. Mtundu uliwonse wa otter umakhala mwanjira yake. Mtsinje wamba umakonda kukhala ndi moyo wopendekera, nyama zodabwitsazi zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha, ndikulowerera gawo lake, momwe zimakhazikika.
Nyamazi ndizolimbikira komanso zimakonda kusewera, kusambira mosalekeza, zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali poyenda, kusaka kumathandizanso. Ngakhale akuchenjeza, munthu wosutayo amakhala wokondwa kwambiri, ali ndi chidwi komanso chidwi. M'chilimwe, atasambira, samasinthana ndi kutentha kwa mafupa awo padzuwa, akugwira mitsinje yamagetsi ofunda. Ndipo nyengo yozizira, kusangalala kwa ana kotereku sikumakhala kwachilendo kwa iwo. Otter amakonda kuyenda motere, kusiya njira yayitali m'chipale chofewa.
Amakhalabe pamimba zawo, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati madzi oundana. Amakwera kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi ya chilimwe, atamaliza kusangalatsa konse kuwuluka m'madzi. Pomwe mukukwera pa zokopa zotere, oseketsa moseketsa ndikuimba mluzu. Pali lingaliro kuti amachita izi osati zongosangalatsa, komanso kuti ayeretse malaya awo aubweya. Kuchuluka kwa nsomba, madzi oyera ndi oyenda, malo obisika - iyi ndiye njira yokhazikitsira chisangalalo cha otter aliyense.
Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira m'gawo lokonda kwambiri la otter, ndiye kuti chitha kukhalamo nthawi yayitali. Nyama imakonda kuyenda m'njira zofananira. Wowotchera samamangika mwamphamvu kumalo enaake omwe adaponyedwa. Ngati chakudya chikuyamba kuchepa, ndiye kuti nyamayo imapitilira ulendo wapaulendo kuti ikapeze malo oyenera oti sipangakhale mavuto ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, otter amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Ngakhale pamadzi oundana komanso matalala ofunikira tsiku limodzi, amatha kusintha kwa 18 - 20 km.
Onetsetsani kuti zowonjezera zimakonda kutumizidwa kukasaka usiku, koma osati nthawi zonse. Ngati otter akumva kutetezedwa kwathunthu, samawona chilichonse chowopseza, ndiye kuti ndiwokhazikika komanso champhamvu pafupifupi kuzungulira wotchi - yotentha komanso yolimba, yopanda mphamvu komanso nyonga!
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal Otter
Kuyanjana ndi kuyankhulana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma otters ali ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi kusiyana kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, ma ottery apanyanja, amakhala m'magulu momwe amuna ndi akazi alipo. Ndipo otter waku Canada amakonda kupanga magulu aimuna okha, gulu lonse la amuna, ochokera ku nyama 10 mpaka 12.
Chochititsa chidwi: Otsitsira pamtsinje ndi osakwatiwa. Akazi, pamodzi ndi ana awo, amakhala m'dera lomwelo, koma mkazi aliyense amayesa kudzipatula pamalo ake. Pazinthu zazimuna pali malo ena akulu kwambiri komwe amakhala mokhazikika kufikira nthawi yakukhwima itayamba.
Maanja amakhala kwa nthawi yocheperako, kenako mwamunayo amabwerera ku moyo wake waufulu, osatenga gawo lililonse polankhulana ndi ana ake. Nthawi yobereketsa imachitika nthawi ya masika komanso nthawi yachilimwe. Amuna amaweruza kukonzekereratu kwa akazi, mokomera ndi kumanzere kwake. Thupi la otters ndi lokonzeka kubereka awiri (mwa akazi), atatu (mwa amuna) zaka za moyo. Kuti apambane dona wamtima, omanga ma cavalier nthawi zambiri amachita ndewu yosatopa
Yaikazi imanyamula ana awowo kwa miyezi iwiri. Mpaka ana anayi amatha kubadwa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi awiri okha mwa iwo. Mayi wa oster amasamalira kwambiri ana ake ndipo amakula mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ana amabadwa kale atavala malaya aubweya, koma samawona chilichonse, amalemera pafupifupi 100. Patatha milungu iwiri, amayamba kuwona ndipo kuyamba kwawo kumayamba.
Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ayamba kale kuphunzira kusambira. Nthawi yomweyo, mano awo amakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayamba kudya zakudya zawo. Momwemonso, akadali ocheperako ndipo amatengera zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo. Amayi amaphunzitsa ana ake kusodza, chifukwa moyo wawo umadalira izi. Pokhapokha ana atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi amakhala okhwima komanso achikulire, okonzekera kusambira kwaulere.
Adani Achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Mtsinje Otter
Otters amakhala moyo wobisalira, kuyesera kukhala m'malo obisika kutali ndi malo okhala. Komabe, nyama izi zimakhala ndi adani okwanira.
Kutengera mtundu wa nyama ndi gawo lomwe akukhala, ikhoza kukhala:
Nthawi zambiri anthu onyentchera onsewa amayendera nyama zazing'ono komanso zopanda nzeru. Ngakhale nkhandwe imatha kuyambitsa ngozi kwa oster, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imatembenukira kwa otter wovulala kapena wakodwa mumsampha. Woyeserera amatha kudziteteza molimba mtima, makamaka ngati moyo wa ana ake uli pachiwopsezo. Pali nthawi zina pomwe adalowa nkhondo ndi alligator ndipo adatulukamo. Wopsa mtima ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, wolimba mtima, wokalamba komanso wopanda nzeru.
Komabe, chowopsa chachikulu kwa oster ndi anthu. Ndipo mfundo pano sikungosaka ndi kuthamangitsa ubweya wa chic, komanso m'zochita za anthu. Akagwira nsomba kwambiri, akuipitsa chilengedwe, potero amafafaniza tchire, lomwe likuwopsezedwa kuti litha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Animal Otter
Si chinsinsi kuti chiwerengero cha oster chatsika moopsa, anthu awo tsopano ali pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale nyama izi zimakhala pafupifupi konsekonse kupatula imodzi yaku Australia, kulikonse komwe otter amakhala otetezeka ndipo adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Amadziwika kuti mitundu ya ku Japan ya nyama zodabwitsazi idazimiririka pamaso pa Dziko Lapansi mu 2012. Cholinga chachikulu cha mkhalidwe wokhumudwitsawu wa anthu ndi munthu. Kusaka kwake ndi ntchito zake zachuma zidayika ngozi pachiwopsezo cha adaniwa. Zikopa zawo zamtengo wapatali zimakopa osaka omwe adatsogolera kuti ziwonongeke zochuluka za nyama. Makamaka nthawi yozizira, ozembetsa amafusidwa.
Zochitika zachilengedwe zoipa zimakhudzanso ma otters. Ngati matupi amadzi atayipitsidwa, zimatanthawuza kuti nsombayo imazimiririka, ndipo osterayo alibe chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizifa. Osintha ambiri amagwera mu maukonde asodzi ndikufa, atapinda. Posachedwa, asodzi anawononga mwankhanza chifukwa choti amadya nsomba. M'mayiko ambiri, zosokoneza wamba sizipezeka konse, ngakhale m'mbuyomu zinali zofala. Izi zikuphatikizapo Belgium, Netherlands ndi Switzerland.
Chitetezo cha Otter
Chithunzi: Otter m'nyengo yozizira
Mitundu yonse ya ma otter ilipo mu Buku Lofiyira Lapadziko lonse. M'malo ena, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka pang'ono (kunyanja), koma zambiri zimakhalabe zovutirapo. Kusaka, kumene, sikuchitidwa monga kale, koma maiwe angapo pomwe oster ankakhalamo ndioyipitsidwa kwambiri.
Kutchuka kwa otter, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake akunja okongola ndi mawonekedwe ake okondweretsedwa, zimapangitsa anthu ambiri kuganiza mozama zaopseza komwe anthu amabweretsa nyama yosangalatsayi. Mwina patapita nthawi, zinthu zisintha, ndipo chiwerengero cha oster chikuyamba kukula mosadukiza.
Otter samangotifunsa zabwino ndi chidwi, komanso imakwaniritsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri yotsuka matupi amadzi, kuchita ngati mwachilengedwe, monga Choyamba, amadya nsomba zodwala komanso zofooka.
Kufotokozera
Nyama yotchedwa otter ndi chirombo chachikulu chokhala ndi thupi lotha kusinthasintha. Kutalika kwa thupi - 55-95 masentimita, mchira - 26-55 masentimita, kulemera - 6-10 makilogalamu. Tizilomboti tifupikitsa, tili ndi timimba tosambira. Mchira wake ndi wopanda minyewa, osati fluffy.
Mtundu wa Fur: bulawuni wakuda pamtunda, wopepuka pansi, siliva. Tsitsi lotsalira limakhala lozungulira, koma pansi pa nthaka ndiwowonda kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa undercoat kumapangitsa ubweya kuti usawonongeke ndi madzi komanso kumalimbitsa thupi la nyamayo, kuutchinjiriza ku hypothermia. Kapangidwe ka thupi la otter ndi koyenera kusambira pansi pamadzi: mutu wathyathyathya, miyendo yayifupi, mchira wautali.
Otter ndi nyama zoyanjana kwambiri, ali ndi phokoso losiyanasiyana: kulumikizana, kumang'ung'udza, mawu ndi mawu, panthawi yamasewera kapena chisangalalo chomwe amalira, kwinaku akuyitanitsa abale (mwachitsanzo, amayi a ana awo) amakung'udza, ndikuwawopsa, kuwomba ndi kuwuza . Pokonzekera kuukira, asitimawo amatulutsa misozi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikubowola, zomwe zimandikumbutsa mphaka wa mphaka. Maopaleshoni oyatsidwa ndi anthu amathira kudyetsedwa.
Kufalitsa
Woimira ambiri wa subfamily otter. Amapezeka m'dera lalikulu lokwanira Europe yonse (kupatula Netherlands ndi Switzerland), Asia (kupatula Arabian Peninsula) ndi North Africa. Imapezeka kulikonse ku Russia, kuphatikiza ku North North ku Magadan Region, ku Chukotka.
Masanjidwe Lutra lutra whiteleyi, yemwe amakhala ku Japan, adanenedwa kuti wasowa mu 2012 (nthawi yotsiriza ku Japan idawonedwa mu 1979 pachilumba cha Shikoku), koma muFebruary 2017 msampha wa kamera pachilumba cha Tsushima adalemba kayendedwe ka otters, ndipo kusaka kwina kudatsimikizira kupezeka kwawo m'njira zamatayala ndi zinyalala . Komabe, kafukufuku wina wawonetsa kuti awa si nthumwi za anthu obwereranso ku Japan omwe anali atazimiririka kale, koma ma otter wamba omwe amasambira kuno kuchokera ku South Korea, komwe otter ali pachiwopsezo chofuna kutha.
Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo
Kusaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo tachepetsa kuchuluka kwa otter. Mu 2000, otter wamba adayikidwa pa Red orodha ya World Conservation Union (IUCN) ngati mtundu "wosatetezeka".
Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book ya madera a Sverdlovsk, Samara, Saratov ndi Rostov, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Bashkortostan ndi St. Petersburg. Mapulogalamu amtunduwu adalembedwanso mu Red Book. Caucasian river otterokhala ku Western Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory).
Nyama zodabwitsazi
Nyama yotchedwa latter (lat. Lutra) imatchedwa nyama yolusa yomwe imatsogolera kukhala moyo wam'madzi ndipo ndi wa banja la marten. Dera laling'ono lili ndi mitundu isanu ndi isanu ndi iwiri, pomwe mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi otter (river), otter sea, sea otter, Brazil (chimphona) ndi Caucasian otter. Mitundu yonse ya nyamayi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse: ubweya wofunikira kwambiri umakopa chidwi cha ozembe kwa zaka zopitilira zana.
Kufotokozera kwa otters amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kutengera mitundu. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa thupi la nyama kumayambira pa 55 mpaka 95 masentimita, pomwe amasinthasintha kwambiri, mwamphamvu komanso motalika. Kutalika kwa mchirawu kumachokera pa 22 mpaka 55 cm, ndikwakukulira pamunsi, ndikukoka kumapeto, kotentha. Chachikulu kwambiri ndi ku Brazil kapena ku otter chimphona, chomwe chimakhala m'mphepete mwa Amazon ndi Orinoco: pamodzi ndi mchira, kutalika kwa nyamayi kumafika pamtunda wa mamita awiri ndipo kulemera kwake kumaposa kilogalamu makumi awiri.
Chifukwa chake, chimphona chachikulu kwambiri chimayimira gulu lake lonse. Nyanja yokhayo yokha yomwe imakhala munyanja, yomwe, ngakhale yaying'ono kuposa iyo, ndiyolimba kwambiri, imatha kupikisana nayo.
Woyambapo waung'ono kwambiri, kum'mawa, amakhala m'malo otentha a Asia. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi mchira wake kumayambira 70 mpaka 100 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera pa kilogalamu 1 mpaka 5.5. Ponena za nyama zam'madzi, nyanjayi yaying'ono kwambiri imakhala kumadzulo kwa South Africa ndipo imalemera kilogalamu 4.5.
Poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa thupi, nyamazo zimakhala ndi mapapo akuluakulu, omwe amaloleza kuti azikhala pansi pa madzi pafupifupi mphindi zinayi. Kuti mulandire gawo la mpweya, nyamayo sifunikira kutuluka kwathunthu: ndikokwanira kumamatira kumaso kwa mphuno - izi zimapatsa otter mwayi woti adzaze mapapu ndi mpweya ndi kubwerera pansi pamadzi.
Nkhope ya nyama ili yotalikirapo, makutu ndi ochepa. Pa nkhope ndi mawondo pali vibrissae, chifukwa chomwe nyama yolusa imagwira pang'ono m'madzi, pomwe chilombocho chimalandira pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza nyama: kukula kwake, kuthamanga ndi komwe chikuyenda. Nyamayi ikakhala pansi pa madzi, mphuno zake komanso makutu ake amatsekedwa ndi mavavu, kutsekereza njira yamadzi.
Mawamba ndi afupiafupi, zala zisanu zimalumikizidwa ndi ziwalo zosambira, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo imasunthira m'madzi, ndipo pakutsata nyama imatha kusambira pansi pamadzi pafupifupi mamita mazana atatu. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yotalikirapo kuposa kutsogolo - izi zimapatsa nyamayo mwayi wosambira kwambiri.
Ubweya wa otter ndiwofunikira makamaka: umakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wotuwa, komanso siliva wokongola pabwino pamimba. Tsitsi lake lakunja ndi loyera kwambiri, ndipo mkati wamkati ndiwofewa kwambiri komanso wosalala kukhudza. Imakhala yofinya kwambiri kotero kuti imapangitsa ubweya wa otter kukhala wopanda madzi komanso imateteza kwathunthu ku hypothermia.
Sasiya otentha awo osasamala ndikuwasamalira kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati chisa ndi chosalala: akapanda kuchita izi, chovalacho chidzakhala chodetsedwa, kuleka kutentha, ndipo nyamayo imafa chifukwa chadzola mafuta (oster alibe malo osungira mafuta). Kuchokera kumbali kumawoneka ngati kuti nyama ikusewera, kuyeretsa ubweya pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zosayera. Kudzazitsa mkombowo ndi mpweya, opesa nthawi zambiri amagwa ndikugubuduza m'madzi.
Habitat
Oimira banja la a Kunih amatha kuwoneka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi. Aura a malo awo okhala amayandikira pafupifupi dziko lonse la Eurasia (kupatula Holland, Switzerland ndi Arabian Peninsula), North Africa ndi America.
Mtsinje wa mitsinje simkhazikika paliponse: choyambirira, ma otter amafunikira kwambiri paukhondo, chifukwa chake samakhala m'madziwe amatope.Mkhalidwe wachiwiri, chifukwa chomwe otter omwe ali pafupi ndi posungira sangakhalepo, ndiko kusowa kwa chakudya: nyamayi imadya nsomba zazinkhanira, nsomba, ma bollus ndi amphibians.
Mu malo amodzi, nyama izi sizikhala nthawi zonse. M'chilimwe, amakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi, osachokapo kuposa pamenepo. Koma nthawi yozizira, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwamadzi omwe madzi amawundana: ma otter sakhala pamadzi opanda madzi oundana. Ngati malowo ndi oundana kotheratu, amachisiya ndipo pofunafuna malo abwino osungirako amatha kuthana ndi makilomita opitilira 12 mwinanso kuwoloka mapiri. Caucasian otter imakwera pamwamba pa zonse - imamva bwino kwambiri pamtunda wopitilira mamilimita awiri ndi theka.
Maenje a mabowo samakumba pansi osaboweka m'dzenje lomata, m'mapanga achilengedwe kapena pansi pa mizu ya mitengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nyama imasankha mosamala malo oti ikakhazikike, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti sizowoneka komanso zovuta kuzifikira, ndipo mutha kufikira nyumbayo pokhapokha, kawirikawiri nyama sizimayenda. Kuphatikiza pa dzenje lalikulu, otter pamalopo ali ndi malo ena okhala, ali kutali ndi madziwo, pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamitala zana - ndipo mutha kukhala nthawi yomwe mtsinjewo umasefukira ndi kusefukira zomwe zikuzungulira.
Kodi ma otter amakhala bwanji?
Ngakhale ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi nyama zoyenda usiku, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wamadzulo komanso ngakhale masana ngati akuganiza kuti sakumana ndi zoopsa. Kwenikweni, nyama izi zimakonda kukhala zokha, kusiyanasiyana ndizachikazi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana - omata achichepere amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndikumusiya pokhapokha atabereka kachiwiri.
Pakati pa otter pali mitundu yomwe simakonda kukhala payekha. Mwachitsanzo, chimphona chachikulu cha achibale aku Europe chimasiyana chifukwa chakuti chimagwira masana, osachita mantha kwambiri, chimakhala m'magulu ndipo chimasaka m'matumba: nyama zochokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana zimayendetsa nsomba kumalo amodzi.
Ngakhale kuti ma otter amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi, ambiri amasangalala pamtunda, omwe amayenda, ndikusiya njira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalumpha ndi theka ndi mita. Koma pa chipale chofewa chifukwa cha miyendo yayifupi amasuntha movutikira, pamtengo, atasunthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati chipale chofewa chikuwonjezereka, osinthika amalumpha akusunthira pamimba yawo.
Ndipo nyamazi ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso zimasewera. Kutali ndi mabowo awo mutha kupeza "roller coaster" - phiri lokhala ndi njanji yolumikizidwa, yomwe idatsalira kuchokera ku nyama yomwe ikuyenda pamimba pake. Paphiri ili, nyamayo imadzuka kangapo patsiku ndikuyenda pansi. Chosangalatsa china chomwe mumakonda ndikugwira mchira kapena mwendo wanu wakumbuyo, nthawi zambiri mumasewera ndi nsomba zogwidwa, kenako ndikudya.
M'chilimwe, mukakhala chakudya chochuluka m'malo osungira, otters amakhala malo amodzi ndipo samachotsedwa kutali ndi malowa. Nyamayi imadya nsomba, achule, nkhanu, ndipo imagwiranso makoswe ngakhale mbalame. Malo osakira a oster nthawi ino ya chaka amachokera pamakilomita awiri mpaka 18 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo ndi mita 100 kuchokera kugombe. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zikasiyira kapena madzi oundana akuzizira, motero zimapangitsa kuti kusaka kukhala kovuta, pofunafuna chakudya chiweto chimatha kuphimba ma kilomita 15 mpaka 20 patsiku.
Kukhala munyanja
Makhalidwe a nyanjayi panyanja ndi osiyana ndi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi abwino. Oyimira zamtunduwu amakhala makamaka pagombe la Pacific ku South America ndipo pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mitundu yake (kupatula - sea otter) ndi yaying'ono kukula: kulemera kwake kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 kilogalamu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti oyenda panyanja amapewa matupi amadzi abwino ndikukhazikika pagombe la nyanja. Nyamayi imakonzekeretsa kukhala m'mbali mwa thanthwe, pomwe pamawomba mphepo zamphamvu, ndipo gawo la gombe limadzaza madzi nthawi zonse pamafunde (bowo limakhala m'malire mwamtunda wamtunda kwambiri).
Zitsamba zowirira kapena mitengo yotsika imakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa nyanja - izi zimamupatsa mwayi wopezera malo awiri mu kholalo: wina kupita kunyanja, wina kumtunda. Mitundu yambiri imadziwika ndi njira yokhayokha, motero imakonzekeretsa nyumba zawo motalikirana pafupifupi mamita mazana awiri kuchokera pachinzake. Zowona, samakhala ankhalwe kwa alendo omwe akungoyenda m'gawo lawo.
Mwachilengedwe chake, nyanjayi ili ndi mantha kwambiri, chifukwa chake sizovuta kuiwona, ngakhale kuti, mosiyana ndi msuweni wa mtsinje, imakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kukhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali (osasiya madzi, adatembenuza nsana wawo ndikuyika kudya nyama m'mimba, ngakhale kudya). Mukasaka, nsomba nyanja imatha kugwa mosavuta ngati mamita makumi asanu (ndipo imatero mwachangu kwambiri - masekondi 15-30).
Mkati mwake, nyamayo imachotsedwa makamaka ikamagwira nyama, pomwe imatha kuchoka pagombe ndi theka la kilomita. Nyanja otter imakwera bwino kwambiri m'matanthwe omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo imakondanso kupuma m'malo otetezeka.
Otter Marten
Nyanja yayikulu kwambiri imayesedwa kuti ndiyowoyambira panyanja yomwe imakhala kumpoto kwakutali: kutalika kwa thupi lake limodzi ndi mchira wake kuyambira mita ndi theka. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono pang'ono poyerekeza ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mamita awiri, imakhala yolemera kwambiri - imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 30, ndipo unyinji wa ena amafikira mpaka 40 kilogalamu. Dziwani kuti maatters am'nyanja amatha kungodziwika kuti aliwonse: asayansi akunena kuti ma sea otter ndi mtundu wapafupi ndi otters.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, tsitsi lakunja la sea otter ndilosowa, koma mkati mwake ndilopakasa kwambiri: ubweya wa otter wam'madzi umadziwika kuti ndi wocheperako koposa zinyama zonse - tsitsi lokwana 100,000 masentimita. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyama yolumikizidwa ndi timizere tofanana ndi ntchitali zazitali, mchirawo ndi waufupi, matako, mosiyana ndi otters wamba, ndi opanda mchenga.
Monga zida zambiri zam'nyanja, amakonda moyo wamasana: amagona kwambiri pagombe usiku, koma amatha kupumulanso m'madzi, wokutidwa ndi nyanja kale kuti asatengeke kupita kunyanja. Pakusaka, nyanjayi yam'madzi imatha kuthamanga kwambiri mpaka 16 km / h, ndikutsamira munyanja mpaka mamita 55. Zakudya zake zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi urchins zam'nyanja ndi chipolopolo. Koma otter wanyanja sasamala za momwe angatulutsire madzi abwino: amawalandira ndi chakudya, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kumwa madzi am'nyanja.
Pamtunda, nyanjayi imayenda pang'ono, movutikira, kugwedeza thupi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imatsika pathanthwe. Pakakhala ngozi, imatha kuthamanga mtunda ndikupanga kudumpha zingapo.
Lutra ndi mamuna
Tsoka ilo, kuthengo, zidyamakanda zimapezeka zochepa, motero, onsewo adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Udindo wofunikira mu izi udachitika ndikuchepetsa kwa nkhalango, chifukwa choti kayendedwe ka madzi, kusodza mwachangu, komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuipitsidwa kwa mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja, nyanja ndi zina zotetezera chilengedwe chathu, zidasokonekera. Nyamayi idawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofunda kwambiri, wandiweyani komanso wofewa - m'malo ena akazitape adawonongeratu.
Kuti asungire izi, akatswiri opanga zinyama nthawi zambiri amalima zotsekera, ndipo nyama zikafika zaka zina, zimamasulidwa kuthengo. Anthu ena amayesa kubweretsa otter kunyumba. Ngakhale nyamazo zimakhala zanzeru kwambiri komanso zimasungunuka mosavuta, kunyamula nyumba monga chiweto sichingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri: kuyesetsa kukhala kosavuta, makamaka ngati simukhala m'nyumba yayikulu yomwe ilibe dziwe kapena dziwe. Kusamba pamenepa sikuyenera kwenikweni, chifukwa nyamayo imasamba pafupipafupi, kenako, kuti iume ubweya, imakhazikika pansi (kwinaku mukukonda makapeti)