Kodi mumakonda mbatata zokhala ndi bowa?
Koma sikuti anthu amakonda kudya zakudya zabwino. Nyerere zodula masamba zimakondanso kudya bowa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso glycogen - chakudya chachikulu cha tizilombo.
Nyerere zimamanga zisa zazikulu, zina zomwe zimasungidwa m'minda yayikulu ya bowa. Pamene chiberekero chikhazikitsa chinzake chatsopano, amabweretsa mkamwa mwake chikhalidwe cha bowa wabwino, kupatsa chakudya ana ake ena.
Bowa uyu amakula pamtunda wamasamba okhala ndi masamba kapena zinyalala, pomwe boma limayang'aniridwa ndi nyerere zantchito. Chifukwa chake nyerere zinabwera ndi ulimi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo kuposa anthu.
Tizilombo ta m'munda sitingathe kumanga manyowa, kumanga mabedi, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi chinyezi, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito kudziwa kwa nyerere imodzi - antifungal antiotic control of udzu (lero amatidziwitsa kuti nystatin).
Kufotokozera kwa tizilombo
Nyerere zodula masamba zilibe dzinali chifukwa choti chakudya chake ndi masamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito masamba odulidwa komanso otafunidwa ngati gawo lofunikira la bowa, omwe ndiwo chakudya chawo chachikulu.
Zisa zomwe zimamangidwa ndi nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba ndizosangalatsa. Malo okwanira ndi zipinda zambiri amatha kukhala ndi dothi mamiliyoni ambiri.
Mphutsi
Mphutsi za nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba ndizopanda maso, zopanda miyendo, zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso "mphutsi" zoyera kwathunthu. Kuti zikule bwino, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika, kutentha kwabwino komanso chinyezi china. Mazira osaberekera nyemba pambuyo pake amakhala amphongo.
Mwa mazira okhathamiritsidwa, kutengera chisamaliro ndi chakudya, zimatulutsa zazikazi zazikazi kapena zazikazi zosabereka. Adzagwira ntchito yothandiza nyerere. Chakudya cha mphutsi ndi fungha hyphae. Mphutsi zoyambirira zimadyetsedwa ndi mkazi iyemwini. Pazifukwa izi, mazira a trophic ndi mycelium watsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Akuluakulu
Maonekedwe a munthu wamkulu wogwira ntchito sizodabwitsa. Ali ndi pang'ono (5-20 mm) thupi lofiirira. Kukula kwa miyendo kumatengera caste. Nyerere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenda pamitengo, ma paws amafika kutalika kokwanira. Kusiyana kwakunja ndi kupezeka kwa nsagwada zamphamvu zopindika, pomwe nyerereyo imaboweka masamba ake olimba pamitengo yotentha. Nsagwada zakuthwa zagori zimakhala ndi odula masamba kuyambira pobadwa ndipo zimayitanidwa mandibles. Tili othokoza chifukwa cha nsagwada yamphamvu ya nsagwada yomwe imadula masamba a nyerere.
Tsamba lomwe lili pakati pa bere ndi pamimba lili ndi magawo awiri: petiolus ndi postpetiolus olekanitsidwa ndi pamimba. Wachikulire amakhala ndi mbola yolimba. Gawo lakumunsi la mutu wa chiberekero limakhala ndi thumba lapadera, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wopezeka ndi mycelium. Chiberekero chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawere amphamvu komanso akulu kwambiri. Mapiko omwe chiberekero chimakhala chisanakhazikitsidwe ndi iye nthawi yomweyo mapangidwe atsamba latsopano.
02.02.2015
Nyerere zodula masamba (Latin Atta cephalotes) ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tomwe timapangidwa kuchokera ku Hymenoptera Order (Latin Hymenoptera).
Pamodzi ndi anthu, amagwira ntchito zofunikira paulimi. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa odula masamba. Akadzinyamula masamba okha, zimawoneka kuti akubisala pansi pa maambulera kuchokera ku dzuwa, choncho kumadera ena amatchedwa nyerere za maambulera. Atta cephalotes nyerere zimakhala mdera la Brazil, Southern Mexico ndi Bolivia. Tizilombo touluka timakola zisa zawo m'mbali mwa nkhalango zotentha. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka pafamu.
Kuswana
Mwa chibadwidwe, nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba zimadziwika ndi diploid chromosome yokhala - 2n = 38. Kuberekanso kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina ya nyerere. Panthawi inayake, nyerere zantchito yogwira ntchito zimayamba kudyetsa mphutsi ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zapadera zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa kugonana. Akazi ndi amuna omwe amasinthidwa kuti akhale kubereka ali ndi mapiko. Anthu otere akafika pazovuta, amawuluka kuchokera pa anthill, ndikuyamba kuchuluka komanso kukwatirana.
Odula masamba sanazindikiridwe ndi polygyny chifukwa chake chiberekero chimodzi chokhacho chimakhalapo nthawi zonse.
Mitundu ina ya nyerere zodulira masamba ndizodabwitsa chifukwa cha luso lawo lodabwitsa. Pakumwalira kwa chiberekero chimodzi, ntchito yoyikira mazira imatengedwa ndi anthu omwe akugwira ntchito. Potere, mitundu ina ya mazira amuna imawoneka kuti singakwanitse kubereka, pomwe ena mwa anthu abwinobwino amapezeka.
Kuti atolere njere zokwanira, zazikazi zazikazi zokwawa ndimazana angapo nthawi imodzi. Zambiri zimatha tsiku limodzi ndipo zimathera pomwalira amuna. Yaikaziyo imayamba kuyikiramo ndikukumba. Pamenepo, masamba angapo otsekemera ndi mycelium amayikidwa pamenepo. Pambuyo pa masiku 40-60, ana oyamba ogwira ntchito akuwoneka kuti akugwira ntchito yonse.
Khalidwe
Chakudya cha nyerere zotsuka masamba ndi bowa wa basidiomycete. Amakulidwa m'zipinda zapadera zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa anthill. Zomera zimamangidwa mwanjira yoti izitha kupanga chinyezi chokwanira ndikusungitsa chinyezi chofunikira ndikupanga mpweya wabwino wokulirapo bowa.
Tizilombo touluka paliponse timanyamula tizinthu tina tomwe timatha kutafuna ndi kupesa, timasungako bowa.
Pamene anthala ikukula, pali magawano omveka bwino m'magulu a asitikali, ogwira ntchito, ndi osonkhetsa. Kuchokera pagulu lirilonse, anthu omwe amachita nawo zochitika zina amadziwika.
Popita nthawi, mabwalo amapangidwa, omwe mamembala awo amatha kusiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake mawonekedwe ake ndi cholinga. Malingaliro ang'onoang'ono osonkhanitsa amabweretsa zidutswa kuchokera kumadera oyandikira, ndipo zazikulu, m'malo mwake, kuchokera kumadera akutali. Atapeza chomera choyenera, kachilombo ka mothandizidwa ndi mbola kumalekanitsa ndi zidutswa zosafunikira ndikupita nako chisa. Nthawi zambiri pamizeremizere nyerere zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimapita, zomwe zimathamangitsa majeremusi. Amagwiranso ntchito yam'zipinda zamkati. Kuteteza chisa ndi anthu ake kumachitika ndi asitikali akuluakulu komanso amphamvu. Ogwira ntchito ambiri amapukutira masamba obweretsawo, ndipo ang'onoang'ono amatafuna zazing'onozing'ono ndikuphatikiza mycelium nawo. Nyerere zazing'ono zomwe zikugwira ntchito zimaphikira chakudya cha mfumukazi ndi nyerere zina.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Maziko a zakudya za nyererezi ndi ubale wofanana ndi bowa. Bowa lenilenilo sikhala chakudya chantchito. Imaluma pansi pomwe, ndi m'malovu omwe amapumira odula masamba monyambita. Saliva wa nyerere zodula masamba zimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kuwononga bowa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amawononga mycelium yayikulu. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa kwapadera kwa actinobacteria kumalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa wa parasitic mwachindunji pa mycelium. Mycelium imafanana ndi chinkhupule chokhala ndi michere yambiri.
Pakapita kanthawi, madzi otumphukirawo amawonekera m'malo amenewa, omwe amaphimba mbali zonse za michere yopanda matupi owoneka bwino. Izi zimatchedwa ant kohlrabi, chomwe ndicho chakudya chachikulu cha banja la nyerere. Kulemera kwa bowa umodzi chotere kumatha kufika 500 g. Gulu limodzi la nyerere limatha kukhala ndi bowa woposa zana limodzi.
Udindo
Nkhani yodula masamba odula imakhala ndimiyala isanu ndi iwiri yosiyanasiyana, ikuchita ntchito 29 zosiyanasiyana. Khalidwe ndi kusiyana koonekera pakati pa ant castes. Anthu omwe akuchita ntchito yosamalira mazira, famu, ndi chiberekero pamtunda womwewo amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 5-6 mm okha. Kukula kwa asitikali ndi kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumaposa kukula kwa nyerere zogwirira ntchito katatu, ndipo zochulukazo zimakhala makumi nthawi. Chosangalatsa chachikulu kwambiri ndi chiberekero. Kuchuluka kwake kumakhala pafupifupi kokwana 700 kulemera kwa mamembala ang'ono kwambiri am'deralo.
Sikuti nyumba iliyonse ya nyerere imakhala ndi nyerere za asirikali. Ndi mayiko okhawo amphamvu kwambiri omwe angakwanitse kugula zapamwamba zoterezi.
Phindu kapena kuvulaza
Zigawo za nyerere zitha kukhala m'malo ambiri osungirako nyumba. Kuti muchepetse zowonongeka zomwe zimadulidwa ndi odula mapepala, samangogwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera okha, komanso njira zamakina. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba ndizowononga zisa zawo. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kunawonetsedwa ndi mipanda yazitsulo kapena pulasitiki, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotchingira madzi. Kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zam'munda sikumveka mwauvi. Ntchito za odula masamba m'malo achilengedwe zimangowonjezera phindu la dothi, komanso zimathandizira njira zonse za metabolic zomwe zimachitika munyengo yachilengedwe.
Anthu odula masamba ambiri akhala chakudya m'mayiko ena. Anthu okhala ku South America amatenga nyerere zamtunduwu ndikudya.
Nyama yotuwa imayala mphutsi pamtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo ndi matupi a zinyama. Momwe mungathe kuthana ndi tizilombo, werengani ulalo wa https://stopvreditel.ru/yadovitye/muxi/serye-myasnye.html.
Nyerere Zodula Zopanda: Zinthu Zapadera
Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala ndizodziwika padera. Nthawi zambiri amadziwika akamalekerera masamba odulidwa. Nyerere yodula masamba imatha kunyamula zinthu zomwe ndizambiri kuposa izi kukula kwake komanso kukula kwake. Kuwapeza ndi mawonekedwe awo ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, komanso chinsinsi.
Colony wa nyerere zoseka masamba, chithunzi
Mawonekedwe
Mtundu wa wodula tsamba umasiyananso pakati pamtundu wa bulauni ndi wofiyira. Mwa anthu ambiri, mutha kuwona kuda kwadzala ndi miyendo, mutu ndi m'mimba. Kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana malingana ndi komwe tizilombo timene tili mgululi. Kutalika kwa nyerere yomwe ikugwira si kupitirira masentimita 2. Mitundu iyi imakhalanso ndi zotsatirazi:
- nsagwada ndizotukuka kwambiri, zomwe nzoyenerera ndi mawonekedwe a moyo,
- miyendo imakhala yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa nyerere zimakonda kukwera mitengo,
- akamakula, anthu onse amakhala ndi mbola.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chiberekero ndichosiyana ndi abale ena: ili ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi khungu lakuda. Kusiyana pakati pa chiberekero ndi ogwira ntchito ndikokulirapo kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya nyerere. Munthawi yakukhwima, zazimuna ndi zazimuna, zomwe zakonzeka kukhwima, zimamera mapiko.
Moyo
Colony wa nyerere zoseka masamba, chithunzi
Chofunikira kwambiri cha nyerere zamtunduwu ndikuti amapanga dongosolo lovuta la maubale. Mu gulu limodzi pali mabwalo 7, lililonse lomwe limayang'anira mtundu wina wa ntchito. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a tizilombo, motero, ndizosiyana. Ochepa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amasamalira chiberekero, mazira ndi mphutsi. Pulogalamuyi sikhala kupitirira chisa, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi mamilimita 5 okha.
Poyamba, pamene mayi wapakati alibe ogonjera, amasamalira yekha ana. Pa malo amodzi pamakhala mazira pafupifupi 60. Kudyetsa kumakhudza mwachindunji Caste. Chifukwa chake, chiberekero chimatha kusintha chiwerengero cha anthu wamba. Nyerere zonse zophatikizidwa mumtundu uliwonse ndi zachikazi. Komabe, sangathe kubereka ana. Amuna amabadwa kuchokera ku mazira osabereka ndipo amafa atangobereka kumene.
Nthano ndi mobisa, imayimilidwa ndi mainchesi akuluakulu - mpaka 10 m. Ndikofunika kulabadira kuti ilibe dongosolo la msewu. Kukhazikika kwa nyerere mawonekedwe ndi dzira, pakatikati pake pali chiberekero ndi chofungatira. Zotsalazo zimakhala ndi minda yomwe tizilombo timene timabereka bowa. Mu chimodzi choterechi mumatha kukhala anthu opitilira miliyoni. Pali malo ambiri otuluka mnyumba kuti atetezedwe ndi nyengo yamvula pakagwa mvula yambiri.
Mkati mwa anthill, mitundu ina ya tizilombo imatha kuwoneka. Chifukwa chothandizirana, amatha kukhalira limodzi mwamtendere. Nthawi zambiri, mukakhala nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba, mutha kuwona tambala wa nyerere zaku Texas. Tizilombo timeneti timayeretsa nyerere, kudya zakudya zotsalira komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi. Kuphatikizapo iwo amayeretsa chiberekero. Kunja kwa anthill, kachilombo kameneka sikakhala moyo. Nyerere zimakopanso kachilombo ka ndowe (nthawi zina mwamphamvu) ndi nyerere za Pyramica arizonica, zomwe zimateteza phiri la nyerere ku tizirombo.
Alimi a bowa nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi nyerere zosankhika. Izi zimabweretsa kutaya kwakukulu ndikuwonongeka kwa anthill. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti kumenyedwa ndi kuzunzika kwa omenyera nkhondo, nyerere yodula masamba siyingadzitame chifukwa cha nyonga. Chifukwa chake, cohabitant wina wamtunduwu ndi Megalomyrmex symmetochus. Komabe, mosiyana ndi tizilombo tina, nyererezi sizikhala anansi amtendere. Poyamba, amadziwika kuti ndi olanda, koma nyerere zodula masamba zimadzigawana nawo bowa. Ngakhale kuti Megalomyrmex symmetochus ndi nyerere zazing'ono zingapo zomwe ndizocheperapo kuposa odula masamba, ndizotsutsa zowopsa. Poizoni wawo amachititsa kuphwanya dongosolo lazindikiritso, ndichifukwa chake nyerere zosakhazikika zimayamba kuukirana.
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Nyerere zodula masamba sizingadye chomera kapena nyama. Chokhacho chazakudya zawo ndi bowa. Kuti mukhale ndi chakudya chokwanira kumadera onse, nyerere zimayenera kulima bowa zokha. Izi zimachitika m'magawo angapo:
- Woyang'anira masamba odula masamba amapeza mtengo woyenera. Nyerere zogwira ntchitozi zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kukwera m'makungwa mpaka nthambi zazitali kwambiri.
- Masamba odulidwa amasamutsidwa kwa osambira. Kusinthidwa ndi katundu wolemera, anthu oterewa ndiwokwanira kuti abweretse chakudya chomwe afika nacho. Pamasamba, mutha kuwona achibale awo ang'onoang'ono, omwe akuchita ntchito yodula. Izi ndizoyenera chifukwa nthawi yosamutsa nyerere ndiyotetezeka kwathunthu, chifukwa chake imatha kukhala tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Tizilombo timayikira mazira kwa wozunzidwayo, ndipo mphutsi zimayambika ndi chitukuko ndipo zimangodya nyerere kuchokera mkati.
- Masamba mu anthill amakonzedwa ndi nyemba zina za nyerere. Kuti bizinesiyo isamere, ogwira ntchito amasenda masamba kupita pabulu. Pamodzi ndi izi, nyerere zimachotsera mafuta, zomwe ndizoyenera kudya.
- Pamodzi ndi chimbudzi chochokera ku anthill ndi feteleza zina zomwe zidapezeka, malo ogulitsawo amagawidwa pagawo la famu yamtsogolo. Poterepa, nyerere zimatsatira mitundu ya spongy, ndikupanga zingwe zomwe ndizoyenera kuyenda pambuyo pake.
Bowa amasamalidwa ndi padera la nyerere. Samangokolola, komanso amaonetsetsa kuti mycelium samakula kunja kwa famu. Mbali yapadera ya nyerere zotsuka masamba ndikuti malovu awo ali ndi maantibayotiki. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kukonza bowa kuchokera ku mabakiteriya owononga komanso bowa.
Chakudya chachikulu chimatafunidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ndikugawidwa pakati pa akuluakulu. Zotsalazo zimapatsidwa kwa mphutsi. Mycelium italekeranso kukolola, malowo amayeretsedwa, ndipo zinyalala zonse zimaponyedwa m'chipinda chapadera.
Kodi chifukwa chiyani nyerere kudula masamba ndizowopsa?
Nyerere Yodula Zotchinga: Wogwira Ntchito ndi Wogulitsa
Mtunduwu ulibe poizoni, chifukwa chake kuluma sikubweretsa chiwopsezo mthupi la munthu. Komabe, kuukira kwa tizilombo, makamaka kuchokera kwa omenyera, kumawerengedwa ngati kowawa kwambiri.Chifukwa cha nsagwada zamphamvu, nyerereyo imadula khungu la anthu mofatsa. Tizilombo sichimaluma kamodzi kokha. Pali mwayi woti samachita zoyipa.
Ngakhale kuti nyerere za fungus zimathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu, zimakhala ndi mwayi wowoneka bwino. Tizilombo timeneti timathandiza kuchulukitsa nthaka ndikuwongolera njira za metabolic. Magulu pafupi ndi anthu nthawi zambiri samayambitsa zovuta zazikulu. Komabe, magulu akuluakulu a odulira masamba amatha kuwononga mitengo, osanenapo kubzala m'munda.
Njira zakuchitira ndi nyemba za bowa
Odula masamba ali opanda chitetezo kunja kwa anthill. Amapewa kusamukira kwawo, chifukwa pakusamuka kumeneku pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chogwidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nyerere. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwononga anthill, tizilombo tofa. Komabe, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuchotsa chiberekero sikokwanira. Pokhapokha, anthu omwe akugwira ntchito azithandizana. Ngakhale izi zidzafooketsa kuchuluka, sizingatheke kuti tichotse tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri, anthala imangodzaza madzi otentha kangapo. Nthawi yomweyo, imawonongedwa ndi fosholo pofuna kuwonjezera luso la njirayo.
Ngati pali magulu akuluakulu pafupi, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, zimatha kuvulaza osati tizilombo, komanso tizilombo tothandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, mulingo woyenera komanso osagwirizana ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kubweretsa kufa kwa mbewu. Mankhwala akhoza kukhala owopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto.
Ngati anthillyo ili kunja kwa tsamba, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingalowe mopyola malire okhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, zotchinga zapadera zachitsulo, pulasitiki kapena madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi tanthauzo lalikulu ndi liti?
Wodula masamba ndi nyerere. Zosangalatsa kwa asayansi. Makhalidwe akulu, kutengera gawo, aperekedwa pagome.
Mphutsi | Mibulu yopanda miyendo komanso yopanda maso. Kuti mutukule kwathunthu, woimira amafunikira kutentha komanso kutentha kwa mtundu wake. Mazira osabereka amasintha kukhala amphongo. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, chiberekero kapena chachikazi chosabereka chimawonekera kuchokera mazira okhathamiritsa. Pokhapokha ngati sangathe kupanga ana obadwa mwatsopano, woimira akwaniritsa udindo wa wogwira ntchito ndikuyang'anira chidwi. Bowa amakhala ngati chakudya cha mphutsi. |
Nyerere za akulu | Kugwiritsa ntchito nyerere ndi thupi kutalika mpaka 20 mm. Kukula kwa miyendo mwachindunji kumatengera tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kusiyana kwina ndiko kukhalapo kwa nsagwada yamphamvu yolukidwa. Izi ndizofunikira pakuchepetsa masamba owala. Nyerere imakhala ndi mutu waukulu. Pali mbola yolimba. Pansi pamutu pali thumba lapadera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti apange mycelium. Chiberekero chimakhala ndi mapiko. Komabe, zimaluma zisanachitike mwachindunji ndi mayi wolimba kwambiri. |
Tizilombo agawidwa m'miyala 7. Mwa odula masamba pali:
- chiberekero,
- amuna
- asitikali
- owotcha,
- omanga
- wamaluwa
- ogwira ntchito ochepa.
Ogwira ntchito ali ndi udindo wosamalira ana atsopano. Chitani ntchito pa bedi bowa. Thupi silimakula kuposa 0,5 cm. Omanga akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la oimira ena amatha kufika masentimita 2. Mutu wake ndi wamphamvu komanso wamkulu.
Chiberekero chachikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwaikazi kumakhala kangapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba ochita kusema. Mabere amphamvu komanso akuluakulu alipo. Nyerere zonse zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi awiriawiri miyendo yayitali.
Kodi ntchito yaulimi ya tizilombo ndi chiyani
Mutha kuganiza kuti odula masamba amatola masamba kuti adye. Malingaliro awa ndi olakwika. Nyerere sizitha kugaya ulusi wa mbewu yolimba. Masamba oterewa amathungidwa ndi phula la tizilombo. Zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasungidwa m'malo osankhidwa bwino mu anthill, pomwe malo abwino amakhazikika.
Fangayi imayamba kumera pazomera, zomwe ndi chakudya cha tizilombo. Nyererezi sizimadya zipatso za bowa. Mycelium yokha ndiyofunikira.
Nyerere imaluma matupi a zipatso nthawi yoyamba kukula. Kwa tizilombo, awa ndi zinyalala zowonjezera zomwe sizimayimira phindu lililonse lazakudya. Malovu odulira masamba ali ndi zinthu zingapo za antibacterial zomwe zimathandizira kuwononga ma virus omwe ali oopsa kwa mycelium.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yodulira masamba
Pazonse, pali mitundu 200 ya nyerere zomwe zimamera bowa padziko lapansi. Zina mwa izo zimapangidwa pazinyama zakufa kapena ndowe. Odula masamba amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta. Odula masamba amaonedwa ngati tizirombo. M'malo okhala amatha kuwononga masamba onse pamitengo ndi zitsamba.
Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zimachitika kuti ubala
Kufalikira kwa odula masamba ndikufanana ndi mitundu ina ya nyerere. Mphutsi zimalimidwa ndi antchito wamba. Oimira pamodzi ndi chakudya amapereka zinthu zapadera kuti zikule mofulumira komanso kutha msinkhu.
Amphongo ndi zazikazi zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti ziziswana, zimakhala ndi mapiko. Zaka zimayamba pomwe kuchuluka kwa mizati kumafika pazovuta zazikulu. Oimira amayamba kukwatirana mwachangu ndikupanga gulu lantchito latsopano.
Ndi imfa ya chiberekero chimodzi, oimira ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito yobereka. Zazikazi zimakwatirana ndi amuna angapo nthawi imodzi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti pakhale mbewu yokwanira. Pambuyo umuna, oyimira amuna amwalira. Ogwira ntchito amawonekera patatha mwezi pambuyo pa ovipositor.
Akazi ndi akulu ndipo ali ndi mapiko
Kodi tizilombo timadya chiyani?
Nyerere zimatafuna bowa wamkulu pansi. Tizilomboti timamwa madontho onse akuyenda pansi. Bowa pawokha uli ngati chinkhupule chokhala ndi michere yambiri. Nyerere zitatha kudya bowa, kupanga mawonekedwe olimba, kuphimba mbali yonse ya michere. Ichi ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha tizilombo.
Kulemera kwa mapangidwe amodzi kumatha kufika g 500. Mugawo lililonse pamakhala bowa pafupifupi 100.
Nyerere zokha zochokera kumalo otetezedwa ndizomwe zimatha kusiyanitsa masamba owala a zomera zotentha. Oimira otsala amasankha masamba ofewa.
Kodi ndizomwe zimachitika ndi chiyani
Nyerere zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri pamitengo. Nthanoyi imamangidwa mozama mobisa. Pansi panthaka, bowa wamkulu saopa kusintha kwa kutentha.
Chisa chimafanana ndi dzira. Pakati ndi chiberekero, chomwe chimalimbikitsa kubala kwatsopano. Kuzungulira zazikazi, ma incubator omwe ali ndi mphutsi ndi mazira amapezeka pamtunda. Otsatirawa ndi mycelium. Anthill yomwe imadula masamba imatha kukhala ndi kutalika kwa 5 metres.
Kuchokera kanemayu muphunzirapo zambiri zakusangalatsidwa kwa nyerere zomwe zimadula masamba:
Kodi ntchito yodulira pepala imagawidwa bwanji?
Nyerere zogwira ntchito ndizabwino kwambiri. Kutalika ndi 0,5 masentimita. Oimira oterewa ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wokulitsa ndi kusasitsa ana atsopano, komanso ntchito zamunda. Asitikali ndiakulu 3 kapena ngakhale 4 kuchulukirapo. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuteteza anthill kwa alendo. Ali ndi chibwano cholimba.
Chiberekero chimalemera nthawi 700 kuposa antchito. Gawo loyimira thupi limafotokozedwa.
Sikuti chiwonetsero chilichonse chimakhala ndi asitikali. Alondawo amakhala zisa zazikulu zokha, pomwe pali mwayi wodyetsa otetezawo. M'makola ang'onoang'ono, onse okhala pamaofesi achitetezo kuti athandize kufalikira kwa asitikali.
Zopindulitsa kapena zovulaza
M'malo mokhalamo, nyerere zimatha kuwononga masamba, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti kukula kwa mtengo kapena shrub ndizosatheka. Njira zamakina ndi zamakina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo. Njira yothandiza yolimbana ndikuwononga kwathunthu kwa anthill. M'mayiko ena, nyerere zimakhala zathanzi.