Chavycha (lat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - mitundu yotchuka ya nsomba zosadabwitsa za banja la nsomba.

Yaikulu kwambiri Pacific nsomba. Makulidwe wamba a nsomba yotchedwa chinook salmon ndi masentimita 90. M'madzi aku America, madzi a katono amatalika masentimita 147. M'dera la Kamchatka, mitundu imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 180 ndipo mwinanso kupitirira apo. Milandu yakujambula kwa nsomba za sokon yolemera makilogalamu 61.2 inalembedwa.

Dzinali limachokera ku dzina lake la Itelmen "Chowuich." Anthu aku America amatcha Chinook salmon dzina lachi India - Chinook kapena mfumu nsomba - nsomba zamfumu, ndipo Mjapani adamupangira iye ulemu wa "kalonga wa nsomba."

Anthu

M'madzi aku Asia, amakhala mumtsinje wa Anadyr, ku Kamchatka, Commander Islands, ku Amur komanso kumpoto kwa Hokkaido. Imafalikira m'mphepete mwa gombe la America kuchokera kumwera kwa California kupita ku Kotzebue Bay ku Alaska, kuphatikiza Zilumba za Aleutian komanso ku Arctic, kupita ku Mtsinje wa Coppermine. Ochulukira kwambiri m'mitsinje ya Briteni (Canada), Washington State (USA), komanso mu Sacramento River (California).

Chifukwa cha zochedwa zazikulu ku Kamchatka, nsomba za Chinook pafupifupi zinatheratu m'malo ena osungiramo ziweto. Pakadali pano nsomba za nsomba zimaletsedwa kwathunthu kumadzulo konse kwa Kamchatka, kum'mawa kwa Chinook kumaloledwa kokha monga kugwira.

Mawonekedwe

Kumbuyo, zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal zimakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono takuda. Salmon ya Chinook imasiyana ndi nsomba zina zambiri zosaposa 15). Chovala chokomera sichinatchulidwepo kuposa cha nsomba ngati nsomba ya salmon, nsomba ya pinki, ndipo champhongo chokhacho chimakhala chakuda ndi mawanga ofiira ndikatulutsa. Salmoni yaying'ono yangok ikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, koma nsomba za sokon zimadziwika ndi phokoso lakuda patsaya, ndipo malo ang'onoang'ono amdima samangobisa kumbuyo kwake ndi phesi, komanso komanso mabowo onse awiri.

Kufalikira

Pakuchepa, nsomba ya sokon imabwera m'mitsinje yayikulu, momwe imakonda kukwera mtunda wautali (mpaka ma 4,000 kilomita). Inamera mu Juni - Ogasiti, m'mitsinje ya North America - komanso nthawi yophukira komanso yozizira. Kubzala kwa Chinook kumatenga chilimwe chonse. Msodzi wamphamvuyo saopa kuthamanga (1-1.5 m / sec) ndipo amagogoda maenje oyala mumiyala ikuluikulu ndi zibaluni ndi mchira wake. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 14,000 okulirapo kuposa salmon. Fryasi adasiya mazira kwa nthawi yayitali (kuyambira miyezi 3-4 mpaka zaka 1-2), mwachangu mwachangu, amakhalira mumtsinje, ena a iwo, makamaka amuna, okhwima pamenepo, akufika kutalika kwa 75-175 mm mu 3-7 m'badwo wachilimwe. Pali mtundu wocheperako, womwe umayimiriridwa ndi amuna okhaokha omwe amatha msinkhu popanda kupita ku nyanja ndi kutalika kwa 10-47 masentimita ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndipo amatenga nawo gawo pang'onopang'ono limodzi ndi amuna. M'mitsinje yaku America, pali mitundu yeniyeni yokhalamo. M'mtsinje wa Columbia, nsomba za Chinook zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu iwiri - kasupe ndi chilimwe.

Kukula kwakanthawi kwa mitunduyi ndikubadwa. Salmon a Chinook amakhala munyanja kuyambira 4 mpaka 7. Uwu ndi mtundu wokonda kuzizira ndipo umakonda kuyenda m'madzi a Bering Sea moyandikana ndi gombe la Commander ndi Aleutian Islands. Ana aang'ono mumtsinje amadya tizilombo ta mlengalenga ndi mphutsi zawo, crustaceans ndi nsomba achinyamata. Nyanja, maziko azakudya za Chinook salmon ndi planktonic crustaceans, nsomba zazing'ono ndi squid.

Kufotokozera kwa mfumu ya nsomba

Amasiyana ndi ena oimira banja la Chinook salmon pamlingo waukulu. Choyerekeza chachikulu kwambiri cholemera kuposa kilogalamu 61. Kutalika, nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Kukula kwa nsomba zomwe zimakatuluka kumakhala pafupifupi 90 cm.

Ku Kamchatka Krai, kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba za Chinook salmon kumatha kupitirira 180 cm, ndipo m'madzi aku America - 147 cm.

Kumbuyo, dorsal ndi caudal fin, pali malo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira amtundu wakuda. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwa nsomba zina, nsomba izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya maliro a gill - zidutswa zoposa 15.

Chinook nsomba (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Zovala zodzikongoletsa za nsomba-ya mfumu sizowonekera monga, mwachitsanzo, za salimoni ya pinki kapena ya salmon, thupi la amuna lokha nthawi yamasamba limayamba kuda ndipo mawanga ofiira amawonekera. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amatha kusokonezedwa ndi coot, koma sokono ya sokon ili ndi nkhama zakuda patsaya lakumunsi, ndipo malo akuda samapezeka kumbuyo kokha, komanso tsinde la caudal komanso pamakoma onse a pacudal fin.

Moyo wam'badwo watsopano wa nsomba

The mwachangu kwa nthawi yayitali samasiya mitsinje yatsopano, m'malo awo obadwa amakhalapo kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka itatu. Nsomba ya mfumu yayikulu mumadzi amchere imadya squid ndi mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu. Ndipo achichepere amadya mphutsi zamtchire, crustaceans ndi mwachangu zamtundu wina wa nsomba.

Pakuchepa, Chinook salmon amalowa mitsinje ikuluikulu yomwe imakweza mita 4,000.

Amuna ndi akazi akapita kukamwa, amakana chakudya basi. Pakadali pano, ziwalo zawo zam'mimba ndizonyansa. Amayendetsedwa ndi cholinga chimodzi - kubereka. Pambuyo pofalikira, akuluakulu amafa. Asayansi sangathe kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chomwe izi zikuchitikira .. Amaganizira kuti paulendo wautali, nsomba zimataya mphamvu chifukwa amayenera kuyenda mtunda wautali.

Koma mitundu ina ya nsomba zamchere pambuyo pamaulendo osavutikanso safa, koma bwereranso kumadzi am'nyanja. Achinyamata akamakula, amasambira munyanja. Kutha kwa nsomba ya Chinook kumachitika zaka 3-7.

Salmon wachichepere amadyera tizilombo ta mlengalenga ndi mphutsi zawo, crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono.

Nsomba zamtundu wa Chinook zimakonda madzi ozizira, motero zimayenda pamwamba pa kulemera kumpoto kwa Bering Nyanja pafupi ndi Commander ndi Aleutian Islands. Chinook kudutsa nyanja yamchere, kusuntha kutali ndi gombe lotalika pafupifupi ma kilomita 1000. Pali mtundu wonenepa wamtundu wa Chinook salmon, woimiridwa ndi amuna okhaokha, omwe amatha msinkhu zaka 2 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 47. Amuna awa samapita kunyanja, koma amakhala m'mitsinje, koma amatengapo gawo limodzi ndi amuna oyenda panyanja. Mwachitsanzo, mumtsinje wa Columbia mumakhala mitundu iwiri ya sokono yama sokono - kasupe ndi chilimwe.

Malo okhala nsomba za Chinook

Malinga ndi matanthauzidwe asayansi, nsomba zamtundu wa Chinook ndi mtundu wamadzi am'banja la nsomba. Ngakhale izi, nsomba imatha kuchuluka kwa moyo wake kunja kwa malire a madzi abwino komanso kutali ndi malo komwe idabadwira. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka moyo wina, kamene amadziwika ndi pafupifupi onse oyimira ma salmonids.

Salmon ya Chinook imapezeka pakati pamalire akumadzulo kwa gombe la Pacific ku United States ndi kumpoto kwa zilumba za Japan, komanso Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril.

M'madzi abwino okhala ku Briteni, ku Washington, mdera la Russian Federation, m'chigwa cha mitsinje ya Anadyr ndi Amur, pamapezeka madzi abwino ku Chinook salmon.

Masiku ano, mitundu ya nsomba ya arimoni ikulimidwa mochulukirachulukira, ndipo nsomba zina za buok. Salmon ya Chinook imaweta pamafamu omanga omwe amapezeka ku Great Lakes ku United States ndi New Zealand. Njira yofananayo imawonetsedwa ndi mikhalidwe yamakono ya moyo wa munthu, pamene kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zikugwidwa kumakhala kukuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa chomwe chiwerengero chake chikuchepera.

Nsomba za Chinook: mafotokozedwe

Ngati tiyerekeza nsomba za Chinook ndi mitundu ina ya banja la nsomba, ndiye kuti nsomba za Chinook zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Mitundu ya nsomba yodziwika imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 6 mpaka 17, ngakhale asodzi ena adatha kugwira nsomba zomwe zimalemera mpaka 30 kg. Kulemera kwa nsomba izi kukhazikika pafupifupi 60 kg. Kutalika kwa nsomba kumakhala kuyambira 85 mpaka 115 cm, koma nthawi zina anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 mpaka 2 metre amapezeka.

Zizindikiro zakunja ndi mizere yayikulu yomwe ili pakati pamutu ndi thupi lake. Mtundu wa nsomba umadalira malo omwe ukukhala ndipo umatha kukhala ndi utoto wowala, ndi siliva wobiriwira kapena maolivi. M'mimba mwa nsomba ndi mbali zake mumakhala siliva. M'mphepete, pamwamba pa mzere wotsatira komanso pamwamba pa msana, zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal, pamakhala madontho amdima ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi ikayamba kutuluka, nsomba ya Chinook amasintha mtundu: m'dera la thupilo mumakhala tint wowala kwambiri, ndipo dera la mutu limadetsedwa. Monga lamulo, nsomba zambiri zam'banja lino, zisanayambe kutulutsa, zimasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe ake.

Nsomba zamtundu wa Chinook zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya banja ili ndi malo, osati kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumawoneka kumbuyo, mchira ndi zipsepse za nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, kulibe nsomba m'thupi la nsomba, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi malo owoneka bwino a X ndi mikwingwirima yapinki m'thupi.

Nthawi ya moyo komanso kubereka

Nthawi ya moyo wa nsomba ya Chinook imagawidwa m'magawo angapo:

• Kubadwa kwa mtsinje wamadzi oyera.
• Moyo m'malo ano kwa zaka ziwiri.
• Kusamukira kunyanja ndikukhala komweko kufikira wazaka 3-5 zakubadwa.
• Kubwerera komwe adabadwira kuti akapitilize banja lake.

Amphongo amtundu wina wamtunduwu, omwe amakula kutalika kuyambira 10 mpaka 50 cm, sangathe kuchoka m'malo awo, akamakwanitsa kutha. Amatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono pamodzi ndi abambo ena. Nsomba zamtundu wa Chinook zimayenda m'mitsinje yaying'ono, kusunthira kumalo osungika osakhalitsa, kuthana ndi nthawi yomweyo mpaka makilomita 4,000. Njira yowerengera nsomba imatha kuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali: munthawi yachilengedwe - kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, komanso kumpoto kwa malekezero - kuyambira nthawi yophukira nyengo yachisanu.

Ali mumtsinje, nsomba zimadya:

1. Mitundu yonse yamatsenga.
2. Tizilombo.
3. Osati nsomba yayikulu.
4. Osati ma crustaceans akulu.

Akasamukira kunyanja, chakudya chake ndi:

• Crustaceans.
• Cephalopods.
• Nsomba zazing'ono.
• Plankton.
• Krill.

Kapangidwe ka Chinook Salmon

Nyama ya nsomba ya Chinook salmon imadziwika kuti ndiyofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukhalamo kwa zinthu zonse zofunikira zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa thupi, komanso kuthekera kuphika mbale zingapo, chifukwa chazakudya zabwino kwambiri. Nyama ya salmon ya Chinook ili ndi mavitamini B1 ndi B2 komanso mavitamini C, PP, K, E. Kuphatikiza pa mavitamini, nyama ili ndi mulu wonse wazinthu zofunikira, monga zinc, selenium, calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, iron, magnesium, molybdenum , sodium, nickel, chromium, fluorine, etc.

Nyama ya Chinook imakhala ndi mapuloteni mpaka 20 g pa 100 g ya mankhwala. Choline ndi Omega-3 mafuta acids, omwe samapangidwanso ndi thupi la munthu, amapezekanso ndi nyama. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa maidosahexanoic (DHA) ndi ma eicosapentaenoic (EPA), omwe ntchito yawo ndikulimbikitsa ziwalo zam'mimba, zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi la munthu. Nyama ya nsomba, kuphatikiza caviar yake, imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kugaya chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwire bwino ntchito zofunikira zonse momwe zingathere. Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba zimakhala ndi malo apadera muzakudya za anthu.

Chinook salmon caviar amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zowawa zowawa, ndipo mazira amodzi amafika pamtunda mpaka 6,7 ​​mm. Nthawi imodzi, nsomba zimatha kuyikira mazira 14,000.

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta munyama ndi kochepa kwambiri ndipo kumangokhala 11,5,5%, zomwe ndizochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi nyama yamtundu wina wa nsomba za nsomba. Nyama imadziwika ndi mtundu wofiira wolemera wokhala ndi rasipiberi. Nyama yake imakoma ngati nsomba ya nsomba. Ndi kuphika koyenera komanso koyenera, nyama ya nsomba ya chinook imatha kukhala yabwino kwambiri kuposa nyama ya nsomba.

Kufunika kwa mphamvu ya nsomba za chinook kumawonetsedwa ndi 146 kcal pa magalamu 100 a chinthu. Zizindikiro izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana m'malo ochepa, kutengera malo omwe amakhala, zaka, jenda, nthawi yosodza, ndi zina zambiri.

Phindu ndi zovulaza za nsomba za Chinook salmon

Kudya nsomba za nsomba ya sonoon, mutha kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:

• Pewani zowonongeka ndi ma atrophic zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenderana ndi zaka.
• Chepetsani kuopsa kopezeka ndi sclerosis, matenda a Alzheimer's and dementia.
• Kuti mukhale ndi phindu pa kachitidwe ka mtima.
• Sinthani kayendedwe ka magazi mthupi.
• Limbitsani minofu yamafupa, muchepetse mwayi wamagazi, komanso mafupa.
• Onetsetsani kuti ziwalo zamasomphenyawo zikuyenda bwino, onetsetsani momwe ntchito yamanjenje imachitikira ndi maselo amitsempha yatsopano, onetsetsani kuti kuchotsedwa kwazinthu zoyipa kuchokera mthupi, kudyetsa maselo ndi zinthu zofunikira zonse.
• Sungani mamvekedwe a mtima wamatenda, chifukwa cha zobisika za ziwalo zogwiritsa ntchito m'thupi, zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza thupi ku matenda osiyanasiyana ochokera ku zovuta zovuta.

Contraindication yogwiritsira ntchito nyama ya sokoni ya sokon imaphatikizanso mwayi wokhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika mayi ali ndi pakati. Ngakhale izi, kusinthaku ndikusowa kwambiri (1 mwa 250 milandu), zomwe sizingafanane ndi kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro ichi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama ya chinook kumangokhala kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi zovuta zam'mimba zodwala.

Salmon ya Chinook imagwira kuti ndipo

Malingana ndi akatswiri, nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zimaganiziridwa ngati sizinayambe kukwera mtsinje kupita kumalo komwe kumayambira. Koma pali ngozi yakugwidwa kwake kosalamulirika, komwe kungayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nsomba zamtengoyi komanso zathanzi.

Asodzi ambiri amadziwa kuti nsomba za Chinook salmon ndi nsomba yochenjera komanso yochenjera. Iwo ati nsomba zimasankha malo oimikapo magalimoto omwe ndi ovuta kuwapeza pankhani ya usodzi.

Nsomba zokhala ndi maonekedwe opanga zimakhala ndi zinthu zina zowononga, motero sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizigwira m'malo oterowo. Zikatero, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe.