Mphaka wamtchire wamtchire kuchokera patali ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa ubweya komanso chisomo chodyera kwa anyaniwa ochepa. Ndizachilendo kwambiri kukumana naye zachilengedwe chifukwa chobisalira. Chifukwa chake, moyo wa mphaka wa mphaka ndiwosamveka, wophunzitsidwa bwino, koma wosangalatsa monga mtundu wake wodabwitsa.

Mawonekedwe a Oncilla ndi malo okhala

Mwa okonza nawo dera laling'ono, thecilla ndiye wamkulu kwambiri, ngakhale wotsika kwambiri ndi cholembera komanso mphaka wautali. Pachifukwa ichi, chimatchedwa cholembedwa chochepetsedwa cha adani akuluakulu.

Poyerekeza ndi mphaka wokhazikika wamba, kamphaka kakang'ono kameneka ndi kakakulu: kamalemera pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 65. Mchira wa oncilla ndi wokula pafupifupi, mpaka 35 cm

Maso a amphaka amtundu wamtchire ndi owoneka bwino kwambiri, achikaso chofiirira, chachikulu, ali pamzere wamtali wokhala ndi ndevu zazitali. Makutu ali chilili, m'mphepete, mkati mwake ndi kachidutswa koyera, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndimada.

Miyendo yakumbuyo ya mphaka ndiyitali kuposa kutsogolo. Izi sizikuvulaza chisomo chake. Thupi lamtundu wokhala ndi chovala chokongola nthawi zonse lakhala nyambo ya asaka. Oncilla mphaka utoto zachilendo komanso zowoneka bwino. M'mawondo, mbewa zakuthwa, zosasinthika ndicho chida chachikulu cha mbewa yaying'ono.

Ubweya wamtundu wofewa umaphimba mphaka ndipo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mbewa akuda pamaso ofiira, imapangitsa kuti iwoneke ngati buluzi komanso kambuku. Zingwe pazovala sizimayaka.

Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizowala bwino kuposa mbali zina za thupi. Pamalo ovuta, mawanga amtali amatambalala pamsana. Mchira wokhala ndi mizere yakuda yopingasa. Munthu aliyense wachisanu mwa anthuwa ndi wakuda.

Monga amphaka ambiri, Oscillas osakwatiwa amayenda okha.

Zotere amphaka a oncilla A gulu la otchedwa melancit. Kukula kwawo kumawonekera mu mthunzi wa ubweya, apo ayi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe wamba amtundu.

Ma subspecies onse, pali anayi a iwo, omwe amasiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya chovalacho. Mtundu wokongola ndi chifukwa chachikulu chochulukitsira nyama zaka zana zapitazo. Ngakhale kuti kusaka ma oncillas kuli koletsedwa pakali pano, nkhwangwala zazing'ono zikucheperachepera chifukwa cha kupha nyama komanso kudula mitengo.

Malo amphaka omwe adadonthawa ndiwotchiti. Oncilla amakhala mu nkhalango zamapiri ku South America, Panama, Colombia, zigawo za Brazil. Nthawi zambiri malo okhala chinyontho cha buluzi, savannas, malo osiyidwa okutidwa ndi zitsamba. Imapezeka pamtunda wamtunda pafupifupi 2-3. Madera othawa, madera okhala ndi anthu amakopa amphaka.

Mtundu wokongola wa mphaka ndi chifukwa chake wafalikira

Lingaliro la mphaka wodzibala limapezeka makamaka kuchokera ku kuwunika kwa oncil kumalo osungira nyama ndi malo achilengedwe. Mu nyama zamtchire, kuwona mphaka masana kumakhala kovuta. Zochita zanyama zimachitika pokhapokha kutacha.

Khalidwe la Oncilla ndi moyo wawo

Moyo wamphaka umadzuka ndi mphamvu yatsopano mumdima. Pangokhala tchire lokhalokha losasangalatsa pang'ono masana. Oncilla - mlenje wabwino kwambiri wausiku. Kutha kwake kukwera mitengo, komwe onse amapuma ndikuyang'ana nyama, ndizodabwitsa.

Khalidwe lopanda mantha la wankhondo likuwonetsedwa mu ndewu ndi mdani yemwe ali wamkulu kuposa oncilla. Kukwiya, kukhetsa magazi komanso kupanikizika kumakupatsani mwayi wopondera otsutsa, kukonza kukwiya koipa.

Oncilli kusambira bwino, koma zoopsa zokha ndi zomwe zingawapangitse kuti agwere m'madzi. Pansi, munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lawolo, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mpaka 2,5 km 2 kwa akazi, mpaka 17 km 2 kwa amphaka. Awa ndi madera akulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa nyama zomwe.

Mwachilengedwe, mbawala zazing'ono zimakhala moyo wamtundu. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuphunzira mtundu uwu wa mphaka mu vivo. Mtundu wa Oncilla umaoneka kuti usungunuka pakati panthambi za mitengo, utoto wopendekeka umasiyanitsa masamba. Mphaka yemwe wagona pamtengo ndiwovuta kuwona, koma nkoyenera kwa iye kuti ayang'ane akugwira nyama akudumphira mwadzidzidzi, osasiya mwayi wopulumutsidwa.

Chilombo chanjala ndichipongwe kwambiri komanso chowopsa. Makina akuthwa akuba pakhosi la wovulalayo. Maonekedwe okongola a mphaka wokongola amapusitsa, kubisala zilombo zomwe ndi zenizeni zachilengedwe. Maso owoneka bwino, kumva bwino kumathandizira kuti kusaka bwino.

Zakudya Zamtundu wa Oncilla

Chakudya chokhacho chimakhala ndi makoswe ang'ono, achule a mitengo, njoka, abuluzi. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yokha yopanda poizoni yomwe imakusangalatsa pa oncillas. Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka oonedwa amaba mazira pachisa ndi kugwira mbalame. Asanadye nkhuku, mtembo amayeretsedwa nthenga.

M'madzi osaya nyama oncils kugwira nsomba chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwachilengedwe, kudumpha mphamvu ndi kuthamanga. M'mazinthu odabwitsa komanso olimbitsa thupi, ngakhale anyani, omwe nthawi zina amakhala nawo amphaka zodabwitsa izi, sangathe kupikisana nawo.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Chifukwa cha njira yobisika kwambiri yachilengedwe, zambiri zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa ma oncils zimatengedwa pakuwona kwawo muukapolo. Nthawi yolera amphaka imadutsa mwankhanza: ndewu, kukuwa, kukuwombera phokoso.

Mimba ya amphaka imatenga masiku 74-78. Nthawi zambiri ma kittens amawonekera kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka August. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala khola limodzi, ngakhale pali kubadwa kwa ana awiri kapena atatu. Mbewu zimabadwa zosathandiza: Amphaka ndi akhungu, amangolemera gramu 100 zokha. Maso amatseguka pakatha masabata atatu, ndipo mano amatha kutuluka kamodzi pakatha masiku 21.

Kuchepetsa kumatenga mpaka miyezi itatu, ndiye kuti ana amapita zakudya zolimba, kuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pofika zaka 1-1.3, zazikazi zimayamba kukhwima, ndipo Amuna amakhala wamkulu wazaka ziwiri.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, moyo wawung'ono wamphaka umakhala wazaka 12 mpaka 13. Kuukapolo, kupezeka kwa nyama sikumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha kupulumuka, kotero anthu athanzi amakhalabe ndi zaka 20 mpaka 22.

Pachithunzichi pali mphako ya oscillator.

Nyalugwe zazing'ono sizimakonda kuzimiririka komanso zimayenda bwino, chifukwa nyamayi siyankhanza kwa anthu. Koma werengani kufotokoza kwa mphaka wa oncilla ndipo kumutengera kwawo ndi mayeso abwino.

Eni ake amafunika kudziwa pasadakhale kuti zovuta zachilengedwe komanso kufuna kukhala kwakanthawi, moyo wamadzulo ndizosungika. Ntchito ndi kudumpha kwa nyama zimabweretsa zisoni komanso mavuto ambiri. Wodya nkhalango samasanduka wachibale wachikondi komanso woweta.

M'malo osungira ana, ana amphaka amakulira pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apadera. Mtengo wa mphaka wa oncilla zimayamba pa $ 2000. Mphaka wokhazikika amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziyikidwa mlengalenga mozungulira kwaulere komanso moyenera kukonza.

Mawonekedwe

Dzinja la kithengo lakuthengo limatanthauzira kuti "kakang'ono kakang'ono", chifukwa kuphatikiza ndi mtundu wake limafanana ndi kamguwa kakang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, oncilla ndiye amphaka ang'ono kwambiri am'madera a Neotropic, kukula kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa abale ake, ocelot ndi mphaka wautali. Oncilla ndi yokulirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mphaka wamba, kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamkulu kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.8 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 65. Mchira wa oncilla ndi wamfupi (30- 40 cm), ndipo maso ndi makutu ake ndi akulu kuposa oimira ena amtundu wamtunduwu Leopardus.

Ubweya wa oncilla ndi wofewa komanso waufupi. Mtundu wa ubweya ndiwosakhwima, wokhala ndi chifuwa choyera komanso chifuwa ndi zipsera zopepuka pa muzzle. Mapatani kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwake mumakhala timizeremizere tokhala ngati mphete, tosakhazikika mosiyanasiyana. Masamba akupitilizabe, osangokhala zidutswa. Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe amdima akuda, omwe amaphatikizana ndi mphete kumapeto kwa mchira. Makutu ndi ozunguliridwa, akuda panja, ali ndi kachidutswa koyera pakati. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala amphaka a melanist, chiwerengero chawo chimafika 1/5 cha anthu onse.

Ntchito Zogawa ndi Magulu Aang'ono

Oncilla amapezeka kuchokera ku Costa Rica ndi kumpoto kwa Panama kupita kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Palibe malipoti a misonkhano ndi iye ku Amazon, zikuwoneka kuti mitundu yonse ya oncilla imangokhala nkhalango zamapiri ndi zamtunda. Dera lake ndilabwino kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ambiri simapezeka.

Mitundu itatu kapena inayi ya oncilla imadziwika, yosiyana ndi kamvekedwe ka utoto waukulu, kutalika kwa chovalacho, komanso kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake:

• Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, ku Guyana komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil,
• Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - pakati ndi kumwera kwa Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, kumpoto kwa Argentina,
• Leopardus tigrinus pardiniodes - kumadzulo kwa Venezuela, ku Colombia ndi Ecuador.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Anthu a pachilumbachi amakhala m'nkhalangozi, amakonda nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zokhala m'mapiri ataliatali mpaka 3,000 pamtunda wa nyanja. Anakumananso ndi nkhalango zowuma za ku Venezuela, m'nkhalango zosiyidwa bwino ndi m'malo okhala nkhalango zodula mitengo, kupatula kutali ndi malo okhala.

Oncilla ndi mtundu wosagawanika. Zikuwoneka kuti amakhala yekhayekha moyo, wogwira ntchito usiku, ndipo masana akapuma panthambi za mitengo, pomwe mtundu wa motley wosangalatsa umamupangitsa kukhala wosawoneka. Amasilira makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame, mwina njoka zapoizoni ndi achule a mitengo. Zinanenedwa kuti ku Brazil, a Oncillians amagwira anyani ang'onoang'ono.

Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo

Ma oncillas ndiofala, koma ndi osowa kwambiri. Mu 1970 ndi 80s chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola anasakidwa ndipo anakola mgawo la makumi zikwizikwi. Mu 1983 chokha, zikopa zokwanira 84,000 zidalandidwa kwa andewu. Chiwerengero cha anthu a oncilli chikuyenera kukhala ndi achikulire pafupifupi 50,000, koma chiwerengerochi chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa khofi ndi kuba.

Kusaka ma oncils pakali pano ndikuloletsedwa pamitundu yambiri, komabe sikutetezedwa ku Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama ndi Peru. Mu 1989, CITES (International Convention on Trade in Wild Animal and Plants) idayambitsa ntchito ya pa Appendix I.

Ali ku ukapolo, ma oncilla amawotchera bwino, koma ndi osowa ku malo osungira nyama ku Europe.

Mbiri yopezeka pamtunduwu ndi zomwe zidalipo pa Oncilla

Ontsilla (Leopardus tigrinus) monga mtundu wa amphaka adapezeka kalekale; a Johann Christian von Schreber adalongosola koyamba mu 1775.

Masiku ano, ma subscies otsatirawa asayansi ovomerezeka a Oncilla alipo (mutha kuwonekera pazithunzi kuti muwakulitse):

• Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) amakhala kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Mwina ku French Guiana.

• Leopardus tigrinus oncilla (Thomas, 1903) amapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula zamapiri ku Costa Rica ndi Panama kumpoto.

• Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides (Grey, 1867) adapezeka kumadzulo kwa Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, ndi Peru.

Gawani mitundu yatsopano

Wasayansi Johnson mu 1999 adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe, pakati pa Leopardus tigrinus oncilla, yemwe amakhala ku Costa Rica ndi kumpoto Panama ndi Leopardus tigrinus guttulus wochokera pakati ndi kumwera kwa Brazil. Amafanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya neotropical. Kenako ofufuzawo adaganiza kuti Oncilla agawidwe m'mitundu iwiri. Kusiyana pakati pa Oncillas kukuwonetsa kuti anthu awiriwa adakhala yekhayekha, mwina pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Amazon, kwa zaka pafupifupi 3.7 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti Leopardus guttulus (ndiomwe amatchedwa tsopano, kuchotsedwa ku dzina tigrinus) sizikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil.

Leopardus guttulus

Mtundu wapadera wa Leopardus guttulus (monga masanjidwe ofotokozedwa ndi Hensel mu 1872) unadziwika chaka cha 2013 chokha. Tsopano awa si mabungwe a Oncilla, koma mphaka wam'mwera kapena tiger kum'mwera. Ndiwokakhala m'nkhalango zam'madzi za Atlantic m'chigawo chapakati komanso kumwera kwa Brazil (mitengo yamatanthwe ndi yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic Ocean), Uruguay, Paraguay, kumpoto kwa Argentina.

Kufanana komwe kunapezekanso pakati pa Oncilla ndi mphaka wa Pampas, wozindikiritsidwa ndi kusanthula kwa majini asampweya wa zoological ochokera pakati ku Brazil.

Mphaka wa pampas

Kufufuza mozama kwa zitsanzo za 250 za zikopa ndi zigaza zinaonetsa kuti pali magulu atatu osiyana a Oncil - imodzi kumpoto, kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa mayiko aku South America, ina kummawa ndi yachitatu kumwera. Kutengera ndi izi, gulu lakummawa linafunsidwa ngati mtundu wodziyimira wa Leopardus emiliae, zidachitika posachedwapa, mu 2017.

Mr. Cat akutsimikizira: mawonekedwe, osiyanasiyana

Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) amadziwikanso kuti North Tiger, Little Spotted Cat, Tigrillo, Tigrina ndipo amakhala kwambiri kumadera ochokera ku Central America mpaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil.

Nyamayi yaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha "Red Red Book", chifukwa anthu ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndikusinthira malo okhala.

Oncilla amafanana ndi Margay ndi Ocelot mawonekedwe ake, koma ndiocheperako, ali ndi thupi locheperako komanso malo opyapyala.

Wachikulire amakula mpaka 38-59 masentimita, kuphatikiza 20 mpaka 42 cm imagwera mchira. Ngakhale izi ndizochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi mphaka wamba, Leopardus tigrinus, monga lamulo, amalemera pang'ono - kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 3 kg.

Ubweya wa nyama yolusa ndi yoyera komanso yofewa, kuyambira utoto wonyezimira mpaka wobiriwira wakuda, wokhala ndi ma rosette akuda ambiri kumbuyo ndi mbali. Peritoneum, chifuwa, mbali yamkati mwa mawalo ndi yotumbululuka, yokhala ndi zikwangwani zakuda, ndi mchira wokhala ndi zolemba zazaka.

Kumbuyo kwa makutu kwakuda ndi mawanga oyera oyera. Macheke ndi malasha kapena a bulauni, otseguka pakati komanso osakhazikika. Malekezero ake ali ndi zilembo zazing'onoting'ono, akumata zazing'ono pafupi ndi pads. Mitundu iyi imathandizira kuti Oncilla aphatikizane ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwamphamvu kwa nkhalango yamvula.

Nsagwada ya mphaka imafupikitsidwa, ndi mano ochepa, koma ndi mizu yolimbitsidwa bwino ndi mizu.

M'madera ena aku South America okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira, ma Oncillus melanc (i.e. amphaka okhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wakuda kwambiri) adapezeka. Mwa njira, kodi mumadziwa kuti panther wakuda ndi nkhandwe kapena mbewa zimasungunuka? Za izi komanso za omwe a Panthers, werengani patsamba lathu Mr. Cat.

Tigrina anafalikira kuchokera ku Costa Rica ndi Panama kupita ku Amazon ndi Brazil. Zambiri zojambulidwa kuchokera ku makamera a CCTV zidapezeka mu nkhalango zamtambo za Costa Rica, kumpoto kwa Andes pamtunda kuchokera pa 1,500 mpaka 3,000 m ndi m'malo owuma a Cerrado ndi Catinga kumpoto kwa Brazil.

Ku Panama, Oncilla imapezekanso ku Darien komanso ku Volcan Baru National Park.

Ku Colombia, nyamayi idalembedwa m'chigawo cha Andean, ku Western Cordillera pamalo okwera kuyambira 1900 mpaka 4800 m, komanso ku Los Nevados National Nature Park komanso ku dipatimenti ya Antioquia.

Leopardus tigrinus sapezeka kawirikawiri m'malo otseguka, kotero momwe amagawidwira sikulembedwa bwino. Chilombochi chimapezeka mwapadera m'maiko angapo aku South America monga Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador ndi Uruguay.

Ma Tigrines amapezeka m'nkhalango zakumtunda ndipo amakonda nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso nkhalango zamapiri pamtunda wa 40 mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pamadzi, koma chifukwa cha kudula mitengo kwa mitengo, adalembedwa mozama.

Makhalidwe

Oncilla nthawi zambiri ndi nyama yapadziko lapansi, komanso wokweza mwaluso, woyenda bwino munthambi zazing'ono za mitengo ndi miyala.

Ziwonetserozi zimakonda kukhala usiku, koma m'malo ngati Kaatinga, komwe abuluzi amamasuka ndiye gwero lawo lalikulu la chakudya, amatha kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Ana a Oncils purr, ndipo achikulire amadziwika kuti amapanga zazifupi, zopanda mawu akamakumana ndi abale.

Ma tchire amatha kusambira, koma amatero pokhapokha pangozi.

Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ake osakira okhala ndi malire ndi mkodzo ndikutchingira. Amuna amakhala mpaka 20, ndipo mwa akazi mpaka 3 km kilomita.

Chakudya

Monga mamembala onse am'banja lanyama, nyama yolusa imeneyi yomwe imafunikira nyama yatsopano tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ikhale ndi moyo.

Oncilla amadya nyama zamitundu yambiri. Kwambiri, awa ndi:

• zazing'ono zazing'ono
• abuluzi
• mbalame ndi mazira a zisa zowonongeka,
• ma invertebrates
• achule a mitengo (kawirikawiri).

Nthawi zina, mphaka amadya udzu kuti ayeretse m'mimba ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a m'mimba.

Mphaka wamtundu waung'ono amathamangitsa nyama yake kwakutali pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndikusankha nthawi yabwino kuti aukire, ndipo, popeza ili pafupi, imapumira kuti igwire ndikuipha nyama, ikung'amba khosi lake ndi khosi lake.

Kutha msinkhu ndi kubereka

Mitundu ya akazi imakhala masiku awiri kapena 10, kwa anthu okalamba mizere imakhala yochepa.

Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pakupanga Tigrilles kuthengo. Zingatheke kuti nthawi yakukhwima, banja limakhazikika ndipo okwatirana amakhala okhaokha. Pambuyo pakutha kwa estrus mwa mkazi, mwamunayo amasiya bwenzi lake. Akazi amakonzera phangalo ndipo amayamwitsa ana yekhayo.

Oncilli amabereka ana amphaka atatu kapena atatu (nthawi zambiri 1) atatenga bere, omwe amakhala masiku 73 mpaka 77.

Maso amphaka amatseguka pakatha masiku eyiti mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri, yomwe ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri kwa chinyama chamtunduwu. Mosiyana ndi amphaka ena, omwe ma incisor amakonda kuyamba kuwoneka, mano a ana a Oncilla amadulidwa kwambiri kapena nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 21.

Ma Kittens samayamba kudya chakudya chokwanira mpaka atakwanitsa masiku 37-57 (ataliitali kuposa mphaka), koma amaletsedwa kwathunthu ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi itatu.

Oncillas amafikira kukhwima ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri ndi theka. Amakhala komwe amakhala zaka pafupifupi 11, koma pali umboni kuti anthu ena adafika zaka 17.

Ali mu ukapolo, ma Tigrils amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20-25.

Pali amphaka ochepa owonedwa kuthengo, chidziwitso chokha chomwe zalembedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mabanja omwe ali akapolo.

Zowonerera zatsimikizira kuti zazikazi zimachotsedwa masiku angapo ndikubala masiku 74 mpaka 78. Zinyalala zimakhala ndi ana amphaka 1-2, ndipo makanda amatsegula maso awo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimabadwa kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti. Mphaka wamtundu waung'ono amayamba kugonana patatha zaka ziwiri.

Oncilla sioyenera kukonza m'nyumba kapena nyumba. Ichi ndi chilombo cholusa, sichingayanjane ndi anthu wamba.

Mutha kuyesa kuwononga zida zazing'ono za Tigrilla, koma kumayambiriro kwa kutha kumayenera kusinthidwa kupita kuviwonetsero, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu.

Khola lolowera nyamayo liyenera kukhala lalikulu, osachepera mamiliyoni 90-120. m, chifukwa mphaka amafunikira zolimbitsa thupi. M'nyumba muyenera kupereka zomerazi, kukhazikitsa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, mashelufu ndi makwerero okuwera.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, popeza ndi mphaka wa thermophilic ndipo sangokhala ndi chisanu. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mseu wachisanu muyenera kukhala ndi zida.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukonzedwa mokwanira - zitha kukhala nyama zatsopano zosaphika popanda mafuta, nkhuku, kalulu, nkhuku zatsiku ndi tsiku, zinziri, mbewa. Zouma zimasakaniza nyama ikana kudya.

Deworming, chithandizo chakumwa ndi majeremusi akunja, katemera wa pachaka amafunika, monga ziweto zilizonse.

Ku Brazil kuli malo apadera osungira amphaka ang'onoang'ono amtchire, apa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso chakudya chakomweko zimathandizira kubereka, zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe, a Tigrins amakhala kuno.

Ku North America, pali ma Oncils angapo kumalo osungira nyama ndi kumalo osungira nyama, ndipo ku Europe kokha ndi malo osungira nyama.

Ali mu ukapolo, a Tigrils amabala bwino, koma ana amphaka ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha amafa mchaka chawo choyamba cha moyo.

Zosangalatsa

International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) yatulutsa dzina la Oncilla ngati mtundu wowopsa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa choopseza kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango ndi kupha nsomba. Ma oncillas amaphedwa chifukwa cha zikopa zawo, zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati ubweya wofunikira. Malipoti mu 1972 ndi 1982 ku South America akuwonetsa kuti chilombo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zinayi zomwe zimakonda kusaka amphaka onse ang'onoang'ono akuthengo.

China chomwe chikuthandizira kuchuluka kwaimfa kwa Oncil ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kukhazikika kwa madera omwe kale anali malo otsegulira amphaka amtchire. Minda ya khofi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa moyenera m'malo a Tigrin.

Msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa CITES International Animal Trade Trade, a Oncillas ali pachiwonetsero choyamba choletsa malonda aliwonse amphaka zakutchire kapena zopangidwa ndi zikopa zake. Kusaka Mphaka Wamtundu Wocheperako kumaloledwa ku Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua ndi Peru.

Kumagawo akumwera kwa chilengedwe cha Oncil, anthu osakanizidwa amapezeka akuwoloka mphaka Joffrua (Leopardus geoffroyi), wokhala ndi mphaka wa Pampas (Leopardus pajeros). Kusakanizidwa koteroko kumatha kukhala njira yachilengedwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwake, monga kuwopsa kwa zolengedwa, sikunakhazikitsidwe ndi asayansi.

Kufotokozera mawonekedwe

Dzina "Oncilla" amatanthauzira ngati "jaguar". Kunja, mphaka uyu amawoneka bwino ngati mbawala zazing'ono, komanso osati mtundu wake, komanso thupi, komanso kapangidwe kake ka thupi.

Ubweya wa nyama ndi yofewa, koma m'malo mwake ndi wafupikitsa, utoto waukulu ndi wofiyira. Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizowonda kuposa kumbuyo ndi m'mbali. Malo amtundu wautali wakuda amatambalala pamsana, nsonga ya mchirayo imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Mphete zakuda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake, osagawanika kukhala masikono, zimapezeka mwathupi lonse. Mwa owononga awa, anthu omwe ali ndi melanism amapezeka nthawi zambiri, okhala ndi mtundu wakuda - chiwerengero chawo chimafika 20% ya anthu.

Kukula kwa phula lakutchire ndi laling'ono - ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi mphaka wapakhomo, koma otsika poyerekeza ndi ocelot ndi abale ena omwe sakhala m'malo otentha. Kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamkulu ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.8-3 kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 65. Akazi ndiocheperako - matupi awo samachepera 1.5-2,5 kg. Thupi la nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zamphongo ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, koma sizimalepheretsa kuchita zachinyengo komanso zabwino. Mchirawo ndi wa kutalika kwapakatikati (mpaka 35-40 cm) ndi makulidwe, osunthika. Zowonongeratu pang'ono zazifupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Zovala ndizotembenukiranso, zamphamvu komanso zowongoka.

Makutu ndi ozungulira, owongoka komanso okulirapo, osakhala ndi ngayaye. Gawo lawo lamkati lophimba lophimbidwa ndi fluff, ndipo lakunja limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Pakatikati pa khutu lililonse pali kachidutswa kakang'ono koyera. Pali zodziwika pakhungu lanyama pamakope, masaya ndi chibwano. Maso a ma oncils ndi okulirapo komanso owonekera, ali osiyana kwambiri ndi mbiri yonse ya mphaka. Mitundu yawo imayamba kuchokera ku chikasu cha amber komanso chofiirira komanso chokoleti. Anawo ndi ochepa komanso owongoka.

Habitat

Kukhazikika kwa amphaka awa ndi kokulirapo, koma mwachilengedwe, m'malo ambiri kumakhala anthu ochepa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zamapiri zam'mapiri a South America, Colombia, Brazil ndi Panama. Kuphatikiza pa izo, nyama zodya nyama zochepa zingapezekenso munkhokwe zonyowa za bulugamu, ma shrubby wastelands ndi savannas, komanso m'malo opanda kanthu chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. M'mapiri, oncilla amakwera mpaka mamita 2-3 mpaka 3,000. Pamalo ogawidwa, mitundu ingapo yamphaka wamtchire imasiyanitsidwa:

• Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus, yomwe imapezeka kum'mawa kwa Venezuela, ku Guyana komanso madera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil,
• Leopardus tigrinus guttulus, wopezeka pakati ndi kumwera kwa Brazil, Uruguay ndi Paraguay, komanso kumpoto kwa Argentina,
• Leopardus tigrinus pardiniode, amakhala ku Colombia, Ecuador komanso kumadzulo kwa Venezuela.

Magawo amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake - ali ndi mitundu yocheperako pang'ono komanso kutalika. Zonsezi ndizosowa. Kusaka izi ndizoletsedwa pamitundu yambiri, kupatula Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama ndi Peru.

Chiwerengero chonse cha nyamazo chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 50, koma pang'onopang'ono zikuchepa chifukwa chakupha anthu komanso kuwononga malo. Malinga ndi gulu la padziko lonse lapansi, mtunduwu uli ndi mwayi wokhala pachiwopsezo.

Makhalidwe

Oncilla ndi mphaka wamtchire wolimba mtima komanso wodziimira payekha kuposa ziweto zambiri. Amakhala yekhayekha ndipo ndi ovuta kuwononga (milandu ndiyotengera osati lamulo). Pakati pa abale ake, amadziwika ndi zochitika zambiri, kulumpha ndi kukonda malo okwezeka.

Ziwopsezo zazing'ono sizimawombera munthu ndikuyesa kuthawa kwa iye, koma zimazunza nyama zina. Pali nthawi zina pamene mphaka wamtchire yaying'ono adamenya nkhondo ndi otsutsana naye kuposa momwe adapambana. Izi zikuwonetsa kulimba mtima kwakukulu kwa ma oncils - nyama zambiri muzochitika zimakonda kuthawa, kudziteteza pokhapokha pakufunika.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti oncilla wamtchire sadzakhala wachikondi komanso wodekha. Amatha kukhala pachibwenzi ndi munthu wina ndikuwonetsa kukhulupilira ndi chisamaliro mwa iye, komabe amakhalabe chinyama cholusa ndi zizolowezi zake.

Kusaka ndi kudya

Monga amphaka onse, oncilla ndi wadyera. Ngakhale ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, nyamazi ndizosakira kwambiri komanso aluso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapha ziweto zazikulupo kuposa izi. Amakonda kusaka usiku. Tazindikira kuti mphaka wamphaka ndi amene wadwala, mphaka wamtchire amatha kudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali, kufunafuna nthawi yoyenera. Nyama yosaoneka bwino ikafika mokwanira, mbalameyo imangomuyandikira mwachangu, ndikuyigwira masekondi angapo.

Mosiyana ndi amphaka am'nyumba, zidyerazi sizikhala ndi chizolowezi chosewera ndi nyama ndipo zimapha kamodzi ndi khosi kapena kumutu. Zovala zamphamvu kwambiri ndi ma fangala olimba kwambiri zimawathandiza pamenepa. Zakudya za oncill zimaphatikizapo:

• makoswe ang'onoang'ono akugawana malo awo ndi amphaka amtchire,
• mbalame zomwe nyama yolusa imadula nthenga usanadye,
• mazira otsala mu zisa
• njoka zazing'ono zapoizoni ndi achule a mitengo (malingana ndi malipoti osatsimikizika),
• nsomba - ngati nyamayo imakhala pafupi ndiosungira.

Malinga ndi oonera ena, ku Brazil nthawi zina amadyedwa ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono. Luso lawo lokwera bwino limalola amphaka achilendo kugwira ndi kupha anyani akale, kudzipezera chakudya chabwino. Popita kokasaka nyama, nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama sizithandiza kokha mwachangu komanso mwachangu, komanso ndi khutu lokonda kwambiri, komanso fungo labwino kwambiri lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wowona nyama usiku.

Kubalana ndi kusamalira ana

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa ma oncilla zidapezeka popenya anthu omwe ali mu ukapolo. Zachikazi zazinyama izi zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka chimodzi, ndipo zazimuna - chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Nthawi yamasewera a chibwenzi imagwera pa February ndi March. Kubadwa kwa amphaka amphaka kumatenga masiku 3-9, nthawi yake imachepera ndi zaka. Pakadali pano, anyani amphongo amasamalira akaziwa ndi kuwamenyera. Ntchito yonseyi imayendetsedwa ndi kulira kwambiri.

Mimba mu akazi imatenga masiku 74 mpaka 78. Ng'ombe zimabadwa zopanda khungu, zopanda thandizo komanso zochepa kwambiri - kulemera kwawo sikoposa 100 magalamu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana amphaka amodzi mu ana, nthawi zambiri pamakhala awiri kapena atatu a iwo. Maso a ma oncils ang'onoang'ono amatseguka sabata lachiwiri kapena lachitatu la moyo, ndipo mano amayamba kuwuluka ali ndi zaka 20-23.

Kwa miyezi itatu yoyambirira, ana amphaka amadalira mayi awo ndikudyetsa mkaka wake. Akatembenuka milungu 12 mpaka 13, mphaka amadzichotsa pang'onopang'ono ndikudya nyama ndikuphunzitsanso kusaka - ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti ana amakula mano okwanira. Ali ndi miyezi 3.5, kittens amasinthana ndi chakudya chokhazikika.

Nthawi yomweyo, ana a oncilla amakhala ngati opanda mayi wawo, amayamba kusewera pawokha, kusaka ndikuthamanga kudera lachitalo. Koma izi zimachitika m'malo otetezeka a malo osungirako nyama - sizikudziwika kuti ankhandwe amakhala ndi amayi awo m'nkhalango zowopsa kwambiri. Pazaka 11, zolengedwa zazing'onozing'ono zimafikira kukula kwa munthu wamkulu.

Kuthengo, nthawi yayitali yokhala pa oncilla ndi zaka 12-16. Paukapolo, anthu amakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka 20-25. Amagawidwa m malo ogulitsa zakudya zapadera, komwe amagulitsidwa ku malo osungirako zinyama kapena anthu wamba.

Oncilla ndi nyama yakuthengo, chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwake monga chiweto kumabweretsa zovuta. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mphaka m'chipinda, ndipo mukamasamalira muyenera kukumbukira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Kuti nyamayo ikhale yosangalala komanso yathanzi, imayenera kupereka malo otetezeka ndi malo ambiri otseguka. Iyenera kukhala ndi mitengo yayitali kapena zinthu zosemphana ndi zina, zomwe chilombo chitha kugwiritsa ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupuma. Ndikofunikira kusamalira kuti pakhale mtundu wamtundu wotentha momwe oncilla adzakhale omasuka.
• Popeza nyama izi zimakwera mokongola, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti sizithawa. Mawindo onse ali mchipinda chomwe amakhalamo ayenera kukhala ndi ma grilles olimba. Makoma otsekedwa amakonda.
• Nyama zina zazing'ono, kuphatikiza amphaka ndi agalu, siziyenera kulowa m'malo osungira nyama. Amatha kuwaona mosavuta ngati olanda, owopseza, kapena olakwira dera. Ana sayenera kuloledwa kulowa chirombo ichi, ngakhale sichikhala chowopsa kwa munthu wamkulu.
• Ma oncillas amakhala odziimira pawokha, osakhazikika ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, nthawi zina amapanga phokoso kwambiri. Tiyeneranso kuziganizira mukamapeza chiweto chodyerachi.
• Muyenera kudyetsa mphaka wamtchire ndi nyama yatsopano - nthawi zambiri ng'ombeyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Kuthandizira thanzi, michere yamavitamini michere yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunikira komanso zinthu zina zofunika zimayambitsidwa m'zakudyazo. Mukamadyetsa nyama zodya ziwonetserozi, chakudya chamoyo mokhazikika ngati makoswe kapena mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - kusaka kwawo kumalola nyamayo kuti izikhala yabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunika kukonza nthawi yanjala, kutsatira ndandanda.
• Zaumoyo, matenda, komanso chibadwa cha mtunduwu zaphunziridwa bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mdani azikhala moyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian.

Ziweto zosafunikira zoterezi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa eni ake, ndipo kuzisamalira ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ena amakhulupirira kuti kukongola kwa nyamayi ndi koyenera. Kugula pa oncilla ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe muyenera kuganizira mozama, kupima zabwino ndi kuipa. Uku sikuti ndikungotulutsa mtundu wamba wa mphaka, koma mtundu wopanda nyama.

Mtengo wa munthu aliyense payekhapayekha umatengera zinthu monga jenda, zaka, kukula komanso kukongola kwa utoto, komanso mtundu wa mtunduwo. Mtengo umayambira ku madola 2,000 aku US, zomwe ndi ma ruble 135,000. Kugula nyama zodabwitsazi ndizabwino kwambiri ku nazale. Pali amphaka amtchire amaleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wapadera. Kittens amasankhidwa mosamalitsa, kusinthana ndi munthu, kulandira chisamaliro chokwanira ndi vaccin. Pasipoti ndi zolembedwa zina zimaperekedwa kwa nyama iliyonse. Ogwira ntchito yolandirira alendo nthawi zambiri amaperekanso upangiri ndi ntchito zina zokhudzana ndikusintha kwa nyamayo ku malo okhala.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Oncilla ndi woimira wachilendo wa feline banja. Mphaka wamtunduwu ndiwosaka mosaka malo ake. Ngakhale amphaka amtchire amakonda kwambiri, oncilla ndi nyama yocheperako, koma kukula kwake ndikwabwino kuposa ochita nawo mpikisano wazakudya. Pali mitundu ingapo ya oncilla, yomwe imasiyana malo awo.

Monga lamulo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi atatu, ngakhale kuti chomaliza chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• leopardus tigrinus tigrinus,
• leopardus tigrinus guttulus,
• leopardus tigrinus pardinoides.

Komanso, mitunduyi imasiyana maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake, ngakhale zosiyana ndizosafunikira, kotero kusankhidwa kwa oncilli nthawi zambiri kumakayikiridwa. Amphaka amtchire amachokera ku miatsid - zolengedwa zomwe zimawoneka ngati ma martens akuluakulu omwe amakhala ku Paleocene. Ku Oligocene, nyama izi zidakhala adani olusa, ndipo zidakhala pamwamba pa unyolo.

Kanema: Oncilla

Apa ndipamene mabanja achikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri adayamba kupatukana:

• amphaka akuluakulu ngati agalu, mkango, nyalugwe, kambuku,
• amphaka ang'onoang'ono - manul, mphaka wamtchire, oncilla ndi zoweta,
• Amphaka okhala ndi mawaya omwe anatha pamapeto a Pleistocene.

Zomwe zikuchitika pa oncilla kwa amphaka ang'onoang'ono ndizofunikira, popeza ndizochulukirapo kuposa oimira ena amphaka ang'ono, koma ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi amphaka akuluakulu. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa oncilla pakadali pano ndi kambuku (kapena kuti panther). Kufanana kwake ndi kovomerezeka, chifukwa oncilla imangowoneka ngati nyalugwe wokongola, ndipo, chifukwa chake, munjira ya moyo, yomwe imachitika chifukwa chobisika nthawi zonse.

Dera

Leopardus tigrinus Ambiri amakhala ku South America, ndipo ochepa mwa amphaka awa amapezeka ku Central America. Amatha kupezeka ku Costa Rica komanso ku Argentina. Dera limafalikira ku Brazil ndi Guiana (i.e., Guyana, Guiana, Suriname) ndi madera ena a Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Palinso malingaliro akuti mwina amapezeka m'malo ena a Nicaragua ndi Panama.

Habitat

Oncilli, omwe amadziwikanso kuti amphaka ang'onoang'ono opanda banga ndi akambuku ang'ono, adalembedwa pamtunda wa 3200 m pamwamba pamadzi. Amakonda malo okhala m'nkhalango ndipo amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi nkhalango, kuphatikizapo nkhalango zowirira zomwe zili pamalo okwera mpaka mamita 1,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuyambira 350 mpaka 1,500 m, ma oncils amatha kupezeka munkhalango zotentha kapena zotentha. Kuchokera pa 1,500 m mpaka pamwamba, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zanyontho zamapiri kapena m'nkhalango zotentha. Zambiri zomwe zikupezeka zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero chawo chikuchulukirachulukira m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zam'madera otentha, ndipo ku Brazil, zimatha kuyenda bwino m'malo otetezeka ndi zitsamba zobiriwira. Ngakhale kuti mitengo ya oncillas imakwera mosamala, izi ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi.

Kodi oncilla amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Oncilla m'chilengedwe

Mitundu ya anyaniwa ndi amphaka omwe amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Costa Rica, kumpoto kwa Panama, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Nthawi yomweyo, amphaka amapewa kufikira madera otentha: mwachitsanzo, oncilla samawoneka pafupi ndi beseni la Amazon, ngakhale malo ake ambiri amakhalirana ndi malowa. Mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi wautoto, ndipo m'malo ena ndizochepa kwambiri.

Kutengera ndi nyamazo, ma oncil amakhala m'malo otsatirawa:

• leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - Venezuela, Guyana, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil,
• leopardus tigrinus guttulus - pakati ndi kumwera kwa Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, kumpoto kwa Argentina,
• Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides - Western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador.

Mitengo ya Oncillas imakwera mitengo bwino ndikuyenda mwakachetechete ndi kuthamanga kwamlengalenga - imatha kukhala pamalo okwera 3200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ngakhale moyo wawukulu wa amphaka ndi dziko lapansi. Amakonda nkhalango, ngakhale zimapezeka ku savannah, zimakhala zitsamba zaminga. Ma oncillas ambiri amakhalabe m'malo otentha kwambiri. Pali umboni kuti kuchuluka kwa ma oncillas akukula bwino munkhalango zowuma, chifukwa chake, malowa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe a oncilla amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe guleyu amadya.

Kodi oncilla amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Oncilla Cat

Palibe deta yeniyeni yokhudza zomwe a oncilla amadya. Nyamayo imakhala moyo wobisalira ndipo imasamala anthu, kotero kuyiyang'anira kuthengo ndi kovuta.

Mwinanso amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zotsatirazi:

Pali umboni kuti ma oncillas amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zakudya zawo. Mwachitsanzo, samadya mbalame limodzi ndi nthenga, koma choyamba samulani nthenga kwa mbalame yakufa, kenako ndikudya. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kawonedwe kakang'ono ka ma oncils, chifukwa chomwe mwanzeru idapangidwira kuti ichotse nyama ya zinthu zakunja.

A Oncillas ndi osaka abwino kwambiri. Amasaka zakuba, ngati nthumwi zambiri za banja la mphaka, samayang'anitsitsa kuthamangitsidwa. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wobisika, sawonekera pakati pa masamba ndi zitsamba. Komanso, mphaka imatha kuyenda mosavuta panthambi za mitengo - chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako, imathanso kuyenda ngati nthambi zowonda.

Chosangalatsa: M'nthawi ya njala, amphaka amatha kudya tizilombo tambiri komanso mphutsi, zomwe zochuluka zimakhala m'nthaka zazing'ono.

Oncilla amakhala pamtambo wapamwamba kwambiri pazakudya zake ndi malo okhala. Akamenya nyama, amakhala kuti amalumpha, kuyesera kuluma khosi la khosi kapena khosi, kenako kumamupha.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Oncilla kitten

Ontsilli amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi wokondedwa wawo nthawi yakubzala. Amuna ndi akazi amapezana fungo ndipo amayamba kudziwana mwachilendo. Amagona limodzi kwambiri, kutikirana nkhope zawo komanso kukhala ochezeka.

Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka ziwiri, ndipo abambo amatha kubereka chaka chimodzi ndi theka atabadwa. Nthawi ya estrus imatenga masiku 3-9, pomwe masewera a chibwenzi amachitika.

Chosangalatsa: Palibe zambiri zokhudzana ndimasewera olimbitsa thupi a oncillas kuthengo, koma kunyumba, amphaka awa amakonda kubereka ana nthawi zonse ndi bwenzi limodzi.

Oncils wokwatirana mu Marichi, ndipo kutenga pakati kumatenga masiku 75. Akakwatirana, wamwamuna amasiya chachikazi ndikubwerera kumalo ena amoyo. Nyengo, yachikazi imabweretsa, monga lamulo, mwana wamphaka mmodzi, koma nthawi zina pamakhala awiri kapena atatu.

Ana amphaka omwe angobadwa kumene alibe thandizo ndipo satha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 100. Amatsegula maso awo pakangotha ​​sabata limodzi, koma nthawi zina khungu limatha kukhala mpaka masiku 18. Zachikazi zimazisunga pobisalira: m'tchire lambiri, m'nkhalangozi, dzenje la winawake. Pamenepo ana a nkhosawo amakhala mpaka atatha kudya nyama - ndipo izi zimatha masabata 5-7 atabadwa.

Mano amakula mwachangu kwambiri, makamaka patangopita maola 21 pambuyo pa kubadwa. Lero ndi tsiku lachedwa, koma limalipidwa chifukwa chakuti ana amphaka amapeza mano awo onse nthawi imodzi. Pokhapokha miyezi 4, ana amphaka amatha kukhala osadalira amayi awo, ndipo amafikira kukula kwa chaka chimodzi chokha.

Adani Achilengedwe a Oncilla

Chithunzi: Oncilla Cat

Oncilla ndi nyama yolusa ngakhale ili yaying'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, alibe adani achilengedwe omwe angasake dala ili mwadala. Komabe, nyama zingapo zitha kuvulaza mwangozi.

Mitundu ina yayikulu ya anyani pofuna kudziteteza imatha kuukira anyani. Nyani sizibwera mwachangu komanso zamtundu wa mphaka, chifukwa chake zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri kapena kupha. Nthawi yomweyo, oncilla sakonda kuukira anyani akuluakulu, ngakhale nthawi zina amagwirira nyama, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa iwo.

Mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama zimatha kukhalanso zoopsa kwa oncilla. Mphaka ukakwera kwambiri pamitengo, sizivuta kuti mbalame yakudya izigwira kuchokera kunthambi. Oncilla amalemera pang'ono, kotero kuti harpy kapena mitundu ina ya chiwombankhanga imatha kunyamula mosavuta. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa ana.

Piyoni ndi boas zimatha kukhala zowopsa pa oncilli, ngakhale ndizopang'onopang'ono. Mphaka imazindikira mosavuta nkhomayo yosemedwa ndi fungo lake ndikugwira phokoso laling'ono, kuti akuluakulu asagwidwe ndi mdani uyu. Koma ziphuphu zimatha kusokoneza ma oncils omwe akukula kapena kuwononga chisa ndi makanda akhungu. Momwemonso, njoka zazing'ono zimatha kupindula ndi ma kittens omwe abadwa kumene pomwe amayi awo ali paulendo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi oncilla akuwoneka bwanji

Oncilli atsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pali zifukwa zingapo za izi, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi zinthu za anthropogenic. Kutaya malo okhalamo. Izi zimaphatikizanso kudula mitengo kwa mitengo ya khofi, komwe kumachitikabe kulikonse. Oncilli amakakamizidwa kuti ayang'ane malo otetezeka, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amafa ndi njala kapena amasowa nyengo za kubereka.

M'madera ena, panali kuwonongedwa kwa ma oncils. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zina malo okhala a oncilla amadutsana ndi malo okhala, momwe nyama zimatha kuwukira nkhuku. Zachidziwikire, izi zimapweteketsa ulimi ndipo zimayambitsa kusakondana pakati pa anthu achi Aborigine.

Oncilli adawonongeka chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wofewa. Zikopa zinagulitsidwa mtengo kwambiri, ngakhale zinali zopanda phindu lililonse - sizitentha, ndipo zimatengera zikopa zambiri kusoka chovala.

Ontsillas anagwidwa ngati ziweto. Iyi ndi njira yoopsa kwambiri yopezera chiweto chifukwa ma oncilla ndi ovuta kuteteza - ndi mphaka wamtchire komanso wankhanza kwambiri. Akapolo obadwira ku ukapolo okha ndi omwe amatha kukhala ochepa.

Komabe, amphaka awa amasungidwa mu katitakitimu kena, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo amakana kubereka, komanso amakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa chokhala pafupi ndi anthu.

Alonda a Oncilla

Chithunzi: Oncilla kuchokera ku Red Book

Oncilla adalembedwa mu Red Book pansi paudindo wanyansi. Chiwerengerochi chatsala pang'ono kubwezeretsedwa, ma oncillas ndiofala, ngakhale ndi osowa kwambiri. Kugwiriridwa kunali vuto lalikulu kwa kuchuluka kwa amphaka awa, chifukwa mzaka kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1980, makumi masauzande a ma oncils adawonongedwa. Ndipo mu 1983, zikopa pafupifupi 84,000 zidalandidwa kwa andewu.

Pakadali pano, ma oncils ali pafupifupi 50, 000 akuluakulu. Chiwerengerochi sichikukhazikika, ndipo nthawi zina chimachulukana, ndipo nthawi zina chimatsika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Kusaka ma oncil ndizoletsedwa, koma m'malo ambiri momwe amakhalamo, samapatsidwa mwayi wokhala nyama yosamalira.

Mwakutero, siyotetezedwa m'malo otsatirawa:

Pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Wokhudza Zanyama ndi Zomera, oncilla adalembedwa kumapeto kwa 1989. Palibe ntchito yeniyeni yomwe ikuchitika kuthandiza kapena kubwezeretsa anthu chifukwa cha zovuta pamoyo wa mphaka. Ndizodziwika kuti kusaka iye kwasiya.

Oncilla - nyama yokongola komanso yakufa. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake okongola, mphaka samasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo kunyumba chifukwa chaukali wachilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika usiku. Tikukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa oncillas kuthengo kudzachira kwathunthu.

Khalidwe

Ma oncillas nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, koma nthawi zina amagwira ntchito masana. Ngakhale kuti kwenikweni ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi, amphaka amatha kusinthika kuti akwere. Amawonedwa kawiri nthawi yakuswana, koma amaonedwa kuti ali okha. Kuthengo, amuna amatha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri kwa akazi. Sizachilendo kuti amphakawa apha nyama kuposa iwowo.

Zowopsa

Ontsilli akuwopsezedwa kuti atha kutha chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha kuweta ng'ombe ndi ulimi, malonda amtundu wakomweko ndi kukopeka ndi nkhuku. Ziwerengero zake ndizing'onozing'ono m'malo omwe amphaka akuluakulu amakhala mosiyanasiyana, ndipo m'malo omwe amphaka akuluakulu adasowa, ma oncillas amatha kukula ngakhale m'malo ovuta.

Wabwino

Ma oncil anali akusakidwa mosaloledwa m'malo awo onse chifukwa cha khungu lokongola lomwe limawoneka ngati chovala cha ocelot ndi amphaka amtali wautali (margay). Pakati pa 1976 ndi 1982, zikopa za oncil zinali zina mwa amphaka ogulitsa kwambiri ogulitsa. Akugulitsidwa pamsika wogulitsa nyama wamba.

Chitetezo

Oncilla amadziwika kuti ndi kamphaka kakang'ono kodontha, mphaka, ocelot kapena tigrillo, koma mayina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokozera amphaka a Margay ndi Ocelot, chifukwa malo awo amapezeka kwambiri.

Ma oncil amatha kukhala olakwika chifukwa cha amphaka ataliitali okhala ndi margay kapena marcelling achichepere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka kwawo ndikosavuta kudziwa mdera lililonse. Ofufuzawo ku Brazil adapeza kuti ndi asodzi ochepa okha omwe anali asodzi komanso odziwa ntchito zachilengedwe omwe amatha kudziwa mitundu itatu kuchokera ku inzake.

Mu 2003, ku Brazil, woyamba wa amphaka awa adayang'aniridwa ndi makamera kuthengo. Mbiri ya amphaka awa ku Amazon ndi ochepa.

Kummwera kwa Brazil, magulu awo amadzaza ndi amphaka a Geoffrey, ndipo pali umboni wina wosakanikirana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi.

Ziphuphu zimasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo, lonse. Lipoti la amphaka aku South America lidawonetsa kuti pakati pa 1976 ndi 1982, a Oncillas anali amodzi mwa mitundu inayi ya amphaka ang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochita malonda. Ndikosavuta kuyesa kuwopseza mtunduwu pomwe ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pa izi. Asayansi amati kuthekera kwa kukhalapo kwa ma onc in kudula khofi ndi minda ya bulugasi kunja kwa São Paulo.

Ma Oncillas amatchedwa "mitundu yosatetezeka" mu IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. Ngakhale amphaka awa amatetezedwa malinga ndi CITES Appendix I, (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ndi Flora), samapezeka m'malo otetezedwa. Ma phylogenetics amtunduwu sanakhazikike bwino, ndipo akuti anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa mitundu yawo akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana.