Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kuposa mpheta - pafupifupi 13-14 masentimita kukula ndi kutalika kwa 1520 g. Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi yofiirira ndi makoko owala. Khosi ndi chifuwa zimakhala zafiyira. Kuchokera pamlomo mpaka m'diso kumayambira mzere wakuda. Khungu loyera limadutsa m'diso. Chachikazi chimakhala chowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa chachimuna.
Coinege imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse pamalo otseguka, koma imafika m'malo otsetsereka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka itakhala pamtambo wa udzu ndikupanga mawu akuti "cheke, chekeni, chekeni ...". Chisa chimakonzekera pansi, nthawi zambiri pamunsi pa chitsamba cha sorelo wa mahatchi, chomera china chachikulu chokhazikika. Chisa ndi kapu yosaya, yopota ndi masamba owuma ndi masamba a zitsamba zamera. Thirayi imakhala ndi mapesi owonda a phala, nthawi zina tsitsi ndi ubweya. Kusintha kumakhala ndi mazira obiriwira obiriwira amaonekera pakati pa7-7, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala mawonekedwe ofiira kumapeto. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasiya zisa zawo mu June ndi Julayi. Mu Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, kuchoka kwa minters kumachitika.
Amadya makamaka tizilombo, nyongolotsi, nkhono, akangaude ndi zipatso.
Macaw parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Saxicola |
Chizungu: | Whinchat |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Lembani: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Drozdov |
Chifundo: | Osankhidwa |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 15 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | 7-8 masentimita |
Wingspan: | 18—21 cm |
Kulemera: | 20 g |
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Zoyenda ndi mtundu wa mbalame za banja losangalala. Kukula kwake, mbalamezi ndizochepa kakang'ono kuposa mpheta zapakhomo, zokhala ndi mchira wamfupi, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, unyinjiwo umafika pa g 20. Chodabwitsa cha momwe ndalama zimakhalira ndi chizolowezi chomata chingwe chake ndipo, titero, "kugwada".
Zina zodziwika bwino mu kuchuluka kwa amuna omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya ndi chifuwa chofiirira, malonje oyera oyera ndi "chigoba" chakuda pamaso. Akazi ndi opepuka, nsidze yawo siliwonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Wamtundu wokongola wa maonekedwe amafanana ndi achikazi, mbalame zazing'ono kumbuyo zimakongoletsedwa ndi ma mota pang'ono, ndipo m'mimba mumakhala mdima.
Zinthu Zakudya
Mtundu wa ndalama ndi wa mbalame zosavomerezeka. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana tizilombo, nyongolotsi, akangaude, nkhono. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi imatha kudya zipatso ndi mbewu. Ndalama zimatola chakudya chawo mu udzu pansi. Choyamba, amafunafuna tizilombo kuchokera kwa "obisalira" omwe ali pamwamba. Nthawi zina zimatha kugwira kachilombo mumlengalenga monga momwe mbalamezi zimachitira.
Kugawa kobiri mwachilengedwe
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndalama imapezeka m'dziko lonse la Europe. Ndalama zoyeserera mitengo ya mchenga zimapezeka kuchokera ku mitsinje ya Pechora ndi Arkhangelsk kupita ku Caucasus ndi Kazakhstan, komanso mpaka Siberia. Mbalame zanyengo yachisanu ku Africa.
Nyengo zimakonda kukhala chisa m'malo otentha komanso otentha - madambo, malo odyetserako ziweto, mitengo.
Kodi ndi mbalame yosamukira?
Mitundu yosamukira kumadalira malo omwe anthu amakhala. Okhala okhazikika m'malo otentha a ku Europe - okhala ndi mutu wakuda - amasamukira nyengo yachisanu kumwera, kufupi ndi Mediterranean kapena kumpoto kwa Africa. Okhala m'maiko ofunda aku Asia - ndalama zikuluzikulu - safuna kuwuluka nthawi yozizira.
Ndalama zazikulu
Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Asia (Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Mongolia). Mbalameyi imakhala kumapiri, ikasankha mapiri a alpine ndi subalpine for nesting. Ndalama yayikulu imakhazikika, nthawi zambiri imakhala mbalame yamtundu umodzi. Maonekedwe akufanana ndi mbewa yotuwa.
Mitunduyi imafotokozedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka, makamaka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa matanthwe ofunika kuti mbalame ikhale ndi moyo. Lero, chiwerengero chachikulu cha timbewu 2500 - 10,000 anthu.
Mbewa yakuda
Mitunduyo imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 12, kulemera kwa thupi 10 - 13. Gulamu wakuda wamaso kumutu ndi mzere woyera pakhosi ndizizindikiro zamphongo. Zowonjezereka pachifuwa chake ndi lalanje-lalanje, wowala. Mtundu wa akazi ndi wopatsa.
Mint wokhala ndi mutu wakuda amakonda kukhala m'malo momera ndi zitsamba zosowa, mwachitsanzo, malo opanda kanthu ndi madambo. Mbalameyi imapezeka pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Europe; ndipo nthawi yozizira imazizira kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa malo ake.
Amuna ndi akazi amathamangitsidwa: kusiyana kwakukulu
Mitambo imakhala ndi zithunzi zolaula. Amuna, monga lamulo, ndi okulirapo ndipo zochuluka zawo ndizowala kuposa zazikazi. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi mawere owoneka ofiira owoneka bwino, pomwe akazi ndi opepuka, achikasu achikasu. Kuphatikiza apo, zodzikongoletsera monga zingwe zoyera pamutu kapena khosi zilipo pazowonjezera zazimuna. Ndipo akazi alibe. Achinyamata amawoneka ngati akazi.
Kuti musunge ndalama, mufunika khola lalitali lomwe limakhala lalikulu masentimita 60 ndi 30 cm ndi 90. Khola liyenera kukhala ndi mitengo kapena nthambi.
Poyamba, mbalameyo imatha kukhala yodabwitsa komanso yamanyazi, koma imazolowera munthuyo, ndikuyamba kukhala yotsogoza. Ndalama imatha kutulutsidwa mosamala m'khola ndipo imaloledwa kuuluka mozungulira nyumbayo - mbalameyo imakhala pafupi ndi munthuyo.
Kodi kudyetsa ndalama kunyumba?
Ndalama zimasilira kwambiri, ndipo zimakonda kudya zosakaniza zomwe zimakonda mbalame. Kusakaniza kwa Nightingale ndi kuwonjezera kwa magawo zipatso ndi zipatso ndi koyenera kupanga. Chosangalatsa chenicheni chomwe mungapendule nacho mbalame ndi nyongolotsi za ufa.
Kutsitsa kuyimba
Mukulira kwa kulira kwa ndalama ija, mawu oti "thuja-tui-cheke", "hee-hee-cheke", "yyu-yu-chik-chik" amveka momveka bwino. Izi zimakopa zazikazi kuthamangitsa ndipo zimathandizira mbalame kuti izindikire gawo lake. Amuna amayimba m'mitchi yayitali komanso zitsamba.
Nyimbo zikuluzikulu za mbalamezi zimangokhala ngati kukuwa ndi kutsitsa mawu, komwe kumamveka kulira, kukukuta ndi kulira. Mitundu imathanso kusakaniza ndi kutengera mawu a mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Amuna amphongo amayimba kwambiri nthawi yakukhwima.
Ntchito, magawidwe
Kodi pali mbalame izikuthamangitsa kulikonse? Timbewu tosiyanasiyana timene timakhala timayala tambiri ndi udzu wautali kapena zitsamba zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbalame ngati zowonjezera.
Kumaiko akumwera kwa Europe amasankha malo oundana, mapiri ataliitali, m'mphepete mwa mizere yambiri yopezeka pamtunda wamtunda wa 700-2200 kumtunda kwa nyanja. nyanja.
Malo omwe amagawidwira amadalira mtundu wa mbalame. Mwachitsanzo, meadow mint (yodziwika bwino) imapezeka ku Eurasia. Ndipo ku Europe, kufalitsa kwawo sikumapitirira kumwera kupitirira chizindikiro cha 43-degree of kumpoto chakumtunda.
Malo okhala mbalame za mbewa ku Russia ndi magawo kuyambira kumpoto kwa Caucasus kupita ku Arkhangelsk, ndipo malire awo amakafika ku Kazakhstan (gawo lakumadzulo), komanso ku Western Siberia mpaka kumapiri a Yenisei. Amakonzekereratu nyamazo kuti zikhazikike m'malo opezeka madzi osefukira. Imapezekanso m'mphepete, m'mphepete mwa msipu, m'malo odyetserako ziweto, malo otetemera, pochedwa.
Mawonekedwe a Mawu
Nyimbo ya ndalamayi ndi yopera kupera kupsinjika, ma trill ndi ma crew, amaliza pang'onopang'ono mosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawu ndi mawu. Nyimbo zamakedzana ndimayendedwe akuda ndimafanana.
Nthawi zambiri wamwamuna woyimba amakhala pachitsamba chachikulu cha chitsamba kapena mtengo, pa mpanda, pamitengo yayitali kwambiri. Imatha kuyimba mosayimba kwambiri. Amayimba kwambiri nthawi isanakwane, komanso nthawi zonse masana, ndipo ngakhale usiku. Munthawi yakudyetsa, ntchito zotere zimachepa kwambiri.
Ma alarm ndi ma foni omwe amadziwika kwambiri pakujambula sakhala kwambiri "cheke", "cheke", "hi-cheke", "yu-chik-chik", ndi zina.
Nesting
Kuthamangitsa chisa cha mbalame nthawi zonse kumakonzedwa pansi, m'malo ophimbidwa bwino, pakati pa udzu, tchire, malovu. Chidacho chimamangidwa ndi udzu, udzu wabwino, ndipo thirayo imakhala ndi masamba kapena udzu waukulu.
Nthawi zambiri mu clutch mumakhala mazira osakwana 5-6, omwe timayang'ana timayimidwe timawoneka bwino kuposa tating'ono. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira, wamtambo, wamtambo wobiriwira, wamaluwa ofiira kapena otuwa. Pakhoza kukhala malo okomoka kumapeto kwenikweni. Mazira amasakanizidwa ndi wamkazi kwa masiku 13 okha. Panyengo yotentha, pakhoza kukhala ana awiri.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pazakudya, mbalamezi zimakhala zopanda pake. Mbalame ya mbewa imadyera makamaka tizilombo, yomwe imasonkhanitsa udzu. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimawafunafuna. Ndipo mlengalenga, ndalama zimatha kugwira tizilombo.
Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe amayendayenda ndi ana, mokhazikika kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amayamba kuwuluka nyengo yachisanu kuchokera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala.
Kunyumba, amatha kumadyetsa ndi zosakaniza wamba kwa mbalame zosatetezeka. Zakudya za Nightingale zophatikizika ndi zidutswa za zipatso ndi zipatso ndizabwino kwa iwo. Chosangalatsa cha kupenta ndi mphutsi za ufa.
Pomaliza
Kusamuka kwa ndalama zimadalira malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, okhalamo okhazikika mu nyengo yotentha ya ku Europe (oyenda ndimaso akuda) amasamukira kufupi ndi madera a Mediterranean kapena kumpoto kwa Africa nyengo yachisanu. Okhala m'maiko aku Asia (ndalama zazikulu) - alibe chosowa - amakhala kumudzi kwawo kwadzuwa.
Malo okhala Habitat
Kujambula kwa dambo kumapezeka m'malo onse otseguka, koma kumakonda kukhazikika kumapiri a udzu wosiyanasiyana komwe kumafika anthu ambiri. Mbalameyi imapezeka m'mphepete ndi pobisalira, malo otetemera, malo odyetserako ziweto, malo owetera komanso malo owonapo.
Timbewu timeneti timakhala timitengo tambiri kapena udzu wamtali wolimba, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ngati chowonjezera. Kummwera kwa Europe amasankha madera otentha, malo otsetsereka a mapiri, makulidwe a nkhalango zowoneka bwino zomwe zili pamalo okwera 700 mpaka 2200 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamphepete nthawi zambiri amayimira kudya m'minda.
Imayimba pang'onopang'ono kuthamangitsa tchire lalitali ndi zimayambira.
Kusamukira Kwandalama Zopangira Mint
Mbalame yosamukasamuka. Kwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira kumadera a Africa. Imawulukira kumalo osungira chisa kumapeto kwa masika, pomwe masamba oyipawo adakutidwa ndi udzu wobiriwira. Kunyamuka kumayamba mu Ogasiti.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbewa ndi zaka 6-8.