Scalaria (kuchokera ku mawu achi Latin akuti Pterophyllum - nthenga ndi tsamba) ndi mtundu waukulu wa nsomba zomwe zimayamwa kuzungulira kwa perciform ndi banja la ma cichlids. Chili m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi ray. Posachedwa, ma scal asandulika nsomba zam'madzi.
Mitundu itatu yachilengedwe imadziwika. nsomba scalar:
- Scalaria Leopold (wa ku Latin Pterophyllum leopoldi),
- Common angelfish (kuchokera ku Latin Pterophyllum scalare),
- Scalaria altum (kuchokera ku Latin Pterophyllum altum).
Thupi la nsomba izi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a disc pang'ono kulocha. Kutalika kwa nsombazi kumafika 15 cm, kutalika kwake ndi 20-25 cm.
Chifukwa cha zipsepse zazitali zodumphira (kumatako ndi dorsal), mawonekedwe a banja lino amakhala ngati mawonekedwe. Malipidwe a caudal ndi otakata paliponse ndipo motalika - masentimita 5-7. Utoto wautoto wa ma scalars umasiyana kwambiri - pali mitundu, malo, ndi mawonekedwe amizimba ya thupi pamtundu.
Oberekera adatulutsa mitundu ingapo (ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana) ya nsomba, zomwe zimasiyana makamaka mu mtundu wawo wakunja. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda nsomba zam'madzi ndi:
- Malaika wakuda velvet
- Angelfish zebra,
- Golide angelfish,
- Koi scalar,
- Angelfish panda,
- Chophimba chophimba,
- Blue angelfish, dzina lina lodziwika mngelo wa angelo,
- Marble angelfish,
- Leopard angelfish.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, nsomba ndi mitundu ina imapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mu chithunzi, scalar wagolide
Mwachitsanzo, podutsa koi scalaria kukhala ndi mawanga ofiira okhala ndi scalar wamba, kunabweretsa nsomba zosangalatsa komanso zokongola monga redfishfish kapena monga amatchedwanso "mdierekezi wofiira." Makhalidwe ogonana a nsomba izi ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa komanso pafupifupi osawoneka.
Siyanitsani scalar wamwamuna Kuchokera kwa akazi ndizovuta kwambiri ngakhale kwa munthu wodziwa zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri obereketsa amadalira zochitika zina, kuyang'ana nsomba ndikumazindikira kugonana mwa machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri mukamabzala koyamba kumatulutsa, samabzala mitundu yonse ya nsomba, koma amatero munthawi yotsatira, kuti akazi amvetsetseka kale.
Mu chithunzi, koi scalar
Izi nsomba zakutchire zidayamba kufalikira kuchokera ku South America komwe amakhala m'mitsinje monga Essekibo, Amazon, Rio Negro ndi Orinoco. Pakadali pano, angelfish imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazodzi zodziwika kwambiri za nsomba zomwe zimapangidwa machitidwe opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana - malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungirako anthu wamba.
Mu chithunzi Angelfish wakuda velvet
Pali mapanga ochepa osavuta posunga nsomba za scalar. Choyamba, Aquarium iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuti nsomba yayikulu isadzaza - kutalika kuyenera kukhala osachepera 50-70 maincheres, ndipo kusamutsidwako kuyenera kukhala osachepera 60-80 malita. Kachiwiri, kuti zitheke, nsomba izi zimafuna masamba okhala ndi masamba akulu, monga ambulia, cryptocorinau kapena valesneria.
Chachitatu, ngati mukufuna kuti mitundu ya nsomba isamalire, koma ikhale yowala komanso yokongola, muyenera kuyandikira chakudya angelfish - Iyenera kukhala yazachilengedwe komanso yapamwamba nthawi zonse - yabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa opanga osankhidwa odalirika.
Chisamaliro Choyipa komanso osati yovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tisunge kutentha kotentha mu aquarium - kuyenera kukhala kosachepera komanso osapitirira 25-27 madigiri ndipo ndikofunikira kusintha madzi osachepera kamodzi pa sabata. Monga nsomba zam'madzi zilizonse, aeration iyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi kawiri patsiku kwa mphindi 20-30.
Mu chithunzi, mikwingwirima yamamba
Aquarium scalar kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina
Mu aquarium imodzi, wamba amakhala bwino Makala okhala ndi zipsera mitundu ina ndi mitundu yosankha. Pakati pawo, anthu amtundu wamtunduwu samakonda kumenya nkhondo ndikuwona kufanana kwakukhala limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zoopsa zomwe zimakhala zodekha m'makhalidwe awo zimagawana malo am'madzi mosavuta ndi nsomba zonse zopanda nkhanza za banja lawo la cichlid.
Komanso, ndizotheka kulowetsa malupanga ofiira, ma parroti kapena mphaka. Pakukhala ndi genera yina pali imodzi, koma zochuluka kwambiri - ma scal amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe nsomba zina zimasamutsa mosavuta komanso mosavomerezeka.
Ndiwosavuta kuyipitsa mwangozi ndipo ndizosavuta kuchiza mtsogolo. Koma amene sayenera kukhala mu thanki yomweyo makala a aquarium, motero awa ndi nsomba monga ma gupipo, nsomba za golide ndi makhansa.
Mu chithunzi, scalar wabuluu
Pakapita nthawi pang'ono, ma scalars amatha kudya akale, omalizirawo amakhala olusa, omwe, samakonda zipsera, ndipo wachitatu, ngakhale ali pachibale, akhoza kuwonongeka komanso kupha zipsera zawo.
Zopatsa thanzi komanso Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Scalaria
Zakudya za ma scals m'chilengedwe zimakhala makamaka ndi mphutsi, nsomba zazing'ono ndi plankton. M'malo okhala m'madzi am'madzi, nsomba izi zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chilichonse, mwachitsanzo, zimadyetsa kuchokera ku tubifex, camworm kapena brine shrimp. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa payokha, ndikuwona kukula kwa nsomba kwakanthawi.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti asamalize moperewera; amalekerera molakwika komanso mopweteka, ndipo amatha kufa. Komanso kuledzera kungakhudze mavuto am'tsogolo. M'mizinda yam'madzi kusinthitsa angelfish zimachitika mwachilengedwe, koma ngati mukufuna kubereka, muyenera kulimbikira.
Mu chithunzichi, panda angelfish
Kutha msambo kumachitika mwa nsombazi ndili ndi miyezi 10-12. Mitundu yamitunduyi imakhala yodutsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito podzikonzera yokha, chifukwa chake imasunga timabowo tating'ono kuti tisatulutsire kuti iwonso akhale okhwima.
Mumtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu, masewera akukhwima amawoneka ndipo nthawi imeneyi amakhala olimba kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Pambuyo umuna caviar wa angelfish kugona mkati mwa masamba akuluakulu a mbewu - kutulutsa kamodzi, mkazi amabweretsa mazira 300-500.
Pakupita masiku atatu, mazira amayamba kukhala mphutsi, kenako nkuthira. Munthawi imeneyi, kulowererapo kwaumunthu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsanso chachikazi ndi mwachangu mu chidebe china, chifukwa anthu ena akuluakulu amatha kudya ana onse mtsogolo.
Pa chithunzichi, angelfish
Mzimayiyuyo amasamalira mwachangu, kenako thandizo lapadera kuchokera kwa munthu silifunikiranso. Mwachangu nsomba yoyera mitundu yomwe imakhala yowonekera kwambiri komanso ndi nthawi komanso kukula komwe imapangidwa utoto wawo wachilengedwe. Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizoyendetsa zazitali; ngati zimasungidwa bwino m'madzi am'madzi, zimapulumuka mpaka zaka 8-10.