Caama wa Caucasian (lat. Laudakia caucasia) - buluzi wochokera ku agus ya mapiri aku Asia.

Kukula kwa bulu wamkulu ndi 140-150 mm, kulemera mpaka 170 g.

Amadyanso tizilombo komanso ma arthropod ena, komanso zakudya zamasamba.

Poteteza, agama wa ku Caucasian amabisala mu dzenje kapena mumng'alu pakati pamiyala ndikuwonjezera thupi, ndikupeza mpweya wowonjezera, pomwe khungu "loyipa" sililola kuti litulutsidwe pogona.

Kufalitsa

Agua ya ku Caucasi ndiofala ku Transcaucasia (kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Georgia, ku Armenia, Azzerani), ku Russia Dagestan, kum'mawa kwa Turkey, kumpoto kwa Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pakistan, komanso kumadera oyandikana ndi India, kumwera-kumadzulo Turkmenistan (the Krasnovodsk Plateau, Meshed Sands, Bolshoi Balkhan, Maly Balkhan, Kopetdag, Badkhyz) amadziwika pafupi ndi Chubek kumwera kwa Tajikistan.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

The steppe agama ili ponseponse mu zipululu ndi theka-chipululu cha Eastern Ciscaucasia (Russia), Southern Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Kumpoto ndi North-Eastern Iran, Northern Afghanistan, ndi North-Western China. Ku Central Asia, malire akumpoto kwa mzerewu amachokera kugombe lakummawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian pang'ono kum'mwera kwa Mtsinje wa Emba, ndikuyika mapiri a Mugodzhar kuchokera kumwera ndipo, kudutsa malo otsika a Mtsinje wa Turgai ndi chigwa cha pakati penipeni pa mtsinje wa Sarysu, kumagwera pagombe lakumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Balkhash. Imalowera zigwa zamtsinje kumapiri a Tien Shan ndi Pamir-Alai, ndikumakumana kumapiri a Osh ku Kyrgyzstan ndi Chubek kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Tajikistan.

Amakhala m'mchenga, dongo ndi miyala ndipo ndimakhala zipululu, ndimakonda malo okhala ndi mitengo yophuka kapena yamitengo yambiri. Imapezekanso pamiyala yofewa m'mphepete mwa mapiri (imadziwika mpaka 1200 m kumtunda kwa nyanja ku Kopetdag), m'mphepete mwa mchenga wokhazikika, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'nkhalango za tugai, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madzi, pafupi ndi malo komanso m'mphepete mwa msewu.

Ku Asia gawo la masanjidwewo, agama ya steppe ndi amodzi mwa abuluzi opezeka kumapeto ndi zipululu, chiwerengero chawo chimakhala pafupifupi anthu 10 / ha, nthawi ya masika ku gerbil madera mpaka 60. Ku Eastern Ciscaucasia, mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wocheperako ndipo umachepera, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepa, komwe kuli chifukwa Ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri yotsatsira agogowo ndi chidwi cha anthropogenic.

Moyo

Pambuyo yozizira, ma agrame a steppe amawonekera pakati pa Febuluwale - koyambirira kwa Epulo, kutengera ndi gawo logawidwa, abambo amachoka m'misasa yozizira kale kuposa akazi. Amanyamuka nthawi yozizira kumapeto kwa Okutobala. M'nyengo yamasika ndi yophukira, abuluzi amagwira ntchito pakati pa tsiku, chilimwe m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nthawi zambiri zomwe akulu ndi achinyamata amachita sizichitika. Pokwera mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi, ma agama nthawi zambiri amakwera nthambi zamtchire, kudziteteza kuti asatenthe pamchenga wotentha nthawi yotentha ndikuthawa adani, abambo amafufuza malo awo, kuwateteza kuti asagwere amuna ena. Kum'mawa kwa Karakum nthawi zina amakhala usiku. Amatha kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi mtunda wa masentimita 80. Agamas amathamanga kwambiri pansi, amawongolera miyendo yawo osakhudza pansi ndi mchira wawo. M'midzi, amatha kuwoneka akuyenda molumikizana ndi mipanda ya adobe ndi mipanda yamiyala ndi makhoma a nyumba. Magulu a Steppe amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za ma gerbils, ma jerboas, agologolo pansi, ma hedgehogs, akamba am'miyala, pansi pa miyala, ndi ming'alu pansi ngati potchingira. Nthawi zambiri, amakumba mabowo awo okhala pakati pa mizu kapena pansi pamiyayo. Bulu aliyense wamkulu amakhala ndi malo ocheperako, momwe amapitilira. Khalidwe la chiwonetsero limaphatikizapo squats kuphatikiza ndi mutu wamiyendo wamutu.

Kodi agama a ku Caucasian amakhala kuti?

Oimira mitunduyi amakhala kum'mawa kwa Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, komanso kumwera kwa Central Asia. Malo okhala abuluzi a ku Caucasus ndi mapiri. Amakhala m'miyala, pamiyala ndi pamiyala yamiyala. Kuphatikiza apo, amakwera nyumba ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu.

Ngakhale abuluzi akunja amawoneka ovuta, amayenda pakati mwamiyala. Apanga zikhadabo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agama ikhale yosavuta kugwira kukhoma, malo otsetsereka, komanso miyala yosalala. Ziwombankhangazi zimadumpha bwino kuchokera ku mwala umodzi kupita pa umzake pamtunda wa masentimita 40. Nthawi zina agua aku Caucasus amawira pazitsamba ndi mitengo. Kuchokera pachiwopsezo amabisala muming'alu pakati pa miyala ndi ming'alu m'miyala.

Kuchuluka kwa abuluzi awa ndi ochulukirapo, motero nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi anthu. Caucasus agama, monga stepep, imasankha malo okwera ngati malo owonera - miyala ndi malo otsetsereka pomwe amayang'ana kumidzi yoyandikana nayo.

Ma agamas a ku Caucasi ndiachilengedwe kwambiri.

Kuswana

Kukhwima kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 6.5-8.0. Panthawi yobereketsa, amphaka okhwima amatukuka kumitengo yayikulu ya tchire, komwe dera lawo limawonekera bwino. Wotsutsa akaonekera, mwiniwakeyo amatsika mofulumira kudzakumana naye ndikuthamangitsa mlendoyo. Munthawi imeneyi, zazimuna ndi zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu awiri, imodzi, nthawi zambiri zazimayi kapena zitatu zimakhala pamalo amphongo. Matani nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Epulo. Chakumapeto kwa Epulo - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, chachikazi, chakuya masentimita atatu mu dzenje losanjidwa kapena kukumba, chimayikira mazira. Kuchuluka kwa masonry kutengera zaka zazikazi. Kutheka 1-2 kuyikidwanso patsiku. Kuphatikizika kwachiwiri ku Central Asia kumachitika m'ma June - koyambirira kwa Julayi, kachitatu, ngati alipo, pakati - kumapeto kwa Julayi. Nyengo, chachikazi imayikira mazira 4-18 kukula kwa 9-13 x 18-21 mm m'magawo atatu kapena anayi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 50-60, abuluzi aang'ono 29-30 mm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 0.95-2.22 g amawonekera kuchokera theka lachiwiri la June mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Masanjidwe

Ma steppe agams amasungidwa m'malo opotera kutentha kutentha + 28 ... + 30 ° C masana (pansi paotenthetsera mpaka + 35 ° C), + 20 ... + 25 ° C usiku ndi chinyezi chochepa. Monga dothi limagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wokhala ndi chinyezi pansipa. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyika nthambi zomwe ma agama amatha nthawi yayitali. Popeza abambo ndi ochita bwino kwambiri nthawi yakukhwima, ndibwino kuti azisunga magulu amtundu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Amadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, komanso

Malo otsetsereka miyala, miyala, ma gorge, miyala yayikulu, mabwinja ndi malo omwe mungakumane ndi buluzi wamapiri ngati Agama ya Caucasian.

Katunduyu amafikira ku gawo la Turkey, Iran, Dagestan. Komanso nyama zapamwamba zimapezeka ku Afghanistan komanso kum'mawa kwa Caucasus.

Kodi agama a ku Caucasus amadya chiyani?

Zakudya za agamas a Caucasus, komanso steppes, ndizosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi ma invertebrates: kafadala, agulugufe, hymenopteran, centipedes ndi akangaude, omwe abuluzi amayang'ana kuchokera m'malo awo owonera. Nthawi zina agas aku Caucasus amadya abuluzi ena ngakhale nyama zazing'ono zamtundu wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya njoka zazing'ono. Udindo wofunikira m'zakudya ndi zakudya zam'mera - mbewu, zipatso ndi masamba.

Caucasian Agama: mawonekedwe ndi kupaka thupi

Chokwanira chimakhala chokwanira mokwanira, kutalika kwa thupi lopanda mchira kuli pafupifupi 15 cm, ndi mchira - 36 cm. Kuchulukitsa kwa nyama yachikulire kumakhala mpaka magalamu 160. Thupi lonse, maziko a mchira ndi mutu wawukulu wakutali wa ku Caucasus ndiwotengeka, miyeso imadziwika ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: pamchira pamakhala mphete zokhazikika. Eardrum ili pamutu pa mutu. Agama ya Caucasian, kukula kwa zipika zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera pansi (monga zolengedwa zazitali), zimakhala ndi zala zowonda. Zovala zodzitchinjiriza zimachotsedwa ndikugwedezeka potengera momwe zilimo: kukhalapo kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe kapena kusapezeka kwawo, nthaka yofewa kapena yolimba.

M'mimba mwa nyamayo ndi zonona kapena zofiirira. Chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu ndi mawonekedwe amwala am'mero. M'malingaliro achichepere, mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yopingasa amawonekera bwino: amdima ndi opepuka.

Agama ya Caucasian amapaka utoto kapena wonyezimira, kutengera kutengera chilengedwe. Zamoyo zokhala pamiyala yofiira ndi zofiirira, pamiyala yokhala ndi miyala imvi, wokhala m'matanthwe a basalt amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, pafupifupi wakuda.

Khalidwe loopsa

Agama ya Caucasian, yomwe malo ake nthawi zambiri amakhala olumikizana ndi mapiri ndi mapiri, imamva kuwopsa poyandikira mtunda wa 20-30 metres. Kutembenukira kumbali ya mdani, chisangalalocho chimangokhala ndi mitu yozungulira. Kulola chinthu choyandikira ndi mamilimita awiri ndi atatu, imathamangira kumalo othawirako mwachangu ndi liwiro lamphamvu ndipo, ikamatirira miyala yomwe ili pakhomo, imadzibala. Pakakhala zoopsa kwambiri, buluzi amabisala pobisalira, sizingatheke kuzichotsa kumene: nyamayo imatumbika kukula kwake ndikugwiritsitsa miyeso yonse mamba. Pali zochitika zina zobwerezabwereza zopanda pake ndi yopendekera ndikufa kwawo chifukwa chakutha.

Wopezeka ku Caucasian agama, yemwe malo omwe amakhala m'madera ambiri, samawonetsa kukana ndipo amagwa pang'ono. Pakadali pano, mutha kuchita chilichonse ndi chokwawa: chikani pamutu panu, chiikeni mchira, chikhazikeni kumbuyo kwanu - agama azingokhala osasunthika. Ndikotheka kuti nyama itulutsidwe ndi phokoso lakuthwa (mwachitsanzo, kuwomba m'manja.

Nthawi yakukalamba

Amuna amatenga nawo gawo pazokongoletsa ndi kuteteza gawo lomwe wachimuna 1 mpaka 4 amakhala. Pophwanya malowa ndi mlendo wamwamuna, mwininyumbayo amamutsata. Zochita zoterezi ndizokwanira kuti "wolowayo" athawe.

Kukhazikika mu agamas aku Caucasian kumayamba pambuyo podzuka (Marichi-Epulo) ndikutha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Wamphongo amapereka chidwi kwa "azimayi" onse omwe akukhala patsamba lake ndikuyankhulana nawo kumapeto kwa nthawi yobereka. Amuna achimuna, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala abuluzi, satenga nawo mbali kuswana.

Kuswana

Yaikazi imabereka pomaliza kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi chilimwe kumapanga miyala kapena kukumba pansi pa mwala. Nyengo, masonry awiri ndizotheka. Chiwerengero cha mazira (mpaka 2,5 masentimita kukula) mchisa ndichinayi mpaka zidutswa 14. M'miyezi 1.5-2 kuchokera pomwe anagonekedwa, m'badwo watsopano wamtundu wapadera ngati agama aku Caucasus ukuwonekera. Kukula kwa ziphuphu ndi ziwalo zina ndizogwira ntchito. Zodzikongoletsera zimafika kutha msamba mchaka cha 3 cha moyo.

Caucasian Agama Kusamukira

Kwenikweni, agama yaku Caucasian, yomwe malo awo amalembedwanso m'dera la Armenia, Georgia, Turkmenistan ndi Azerbaijan, amakhala m'malo osakhalitsa. Nthawi zina, pofufuza malo okhala odalirika othandizira kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, nyamayi imakakamizidwa kuti isamuke. Popeza malo abwino nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa ndi anthu omwewo, pofika masika, agama ya Caucasus ibwerera kudera lawo. Vuto lopeza malo limapezeka mwa akazi amtunduwu wa abuluzi, kufunafuna malo oti aziikira mazira. Ndipo popeza ndizovuta kwambiri kuzipeza pakati pa miyala, nthawi zina mapiri amatha kudutsa mtunda wautali makilomita angapo kuti athawire kwina. Zikukuta m'malo obzala nyengo yozizira pamenepo, ndikukhazikika pamalowo.

Mukakhala kundende, nyamayo izisungidwa m'malo okwera opingasa, kutalika kokwanira, popeza agama yaku Caucasian imagwiritsa ntchito mosabisa malo. Monga dothi, miyala yoyeserera ndi yoyenera bwino. Kutentha kolimbikitsidwaku ndi + 28-30 о С (ndikuwotha mpaka + 40-45 о С). Chizindikiro chausiku chizikhala + 18-20 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, abuluzi amafunika kupereka nyengo yabwino.

Khoma lakumbuyo kwa terrarium lingapangidwe mwanjira yamiyala yomwe ili ndi malo osaya, momwe nyamayo imayenera kubisala. Monga chakudya, mutha kupatsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kangapo sabata, ndikulimbikitsa kusiyanitsa zakudya ndi maapulo, malalanje, zophukira za oat. Agua a Caucasus sangakane mbewa zatsopano. Kuti muthe kukonza bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa agama ndi michere yambiri yamavitamini ndi mavitamini, komanso irradiate ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet.

Zithunzi

Ku Kopet-Dag komanso m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono za Kuren-Dag mapiri a Bolshoi ndi Maly Balkhan, komanso m'miyala ya kumwera kwa Karabil, buluzi wamkulu komanso wowoneka bwino wa malo awa amakhala - Caama wa Caucasian .

Kukula kwa thupi lake kufika pa 160 mm, mchirawo umakhala wotalikirapo, kulemera mpaka 150 g. Mutu ndi thupi zimadumphadumpha. Makala kumbuyo kwake ndi osiyanasiyana. Njira yokhala ndi miyeso isanu kapena hexagonal, yosalala kapena yotseka pang'ono, imayenda pakati pa msana. Ma agama amenewa amakhala achikasu a maolivi kapena a maolivi. Amakhala ndi khungu loyera kapena lachikasu, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ya imaso ndi yakuda ndipo imasenda pakhosi, m'mimba mwake mumakhala zachikasu ndi zachikazi, komanso mtundu wamtambo wakuda pachimuna.

Agama iyi ndiofala m'mapiri a Caucasus, Northeast Turkey, Balochistan, Afghanistan ndi Southern Turkmenistan.

Nyama ya Caucasus ndi buluzi weniweni wamapiri, amasankha miyala, malo otsetsereka ndi miyala yopanda thunzi komanso zidutswa zambiri zamiyala malo ake. Nthawi zina amakhazikika pakuuma sai. Ming'alu ndi mipata pakati pa miyala ndi pothaŵirapo. Agamas amathamanga ndikudumpha bwino kwambiri. Mukuwoloka malo otseguka, amakweza mchira, ndikukwera miyala, ndikuwakanikiza mwalawo, ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito ngati chingwe.

Magulu aku Caucasus amapita kukazizira mu Novembala, nthawi yachisanu ikamayamba amapezeka kumapeto kwa February, mu Marichi. Kachisanu koyambilira komanso nthawi yophukira, ma agama amagwira ntchito masana, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe m'mawa komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Patsiku lotentha, amachoka kumisasa kutuluka dzuwa. Atakwera pathanthwe kapena pathanthwe, amakhala maola ambiri akufunafuna nyama. Pozindikira, agama amapita msangawo ndikuyigwira molondola. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, abuluziwa amadya masamba mwachangu ndi mbewu za labioceae ndi mbewu zopakidwa.

Chakumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, akazi amayikira mazira. Mitundu yawo yapakati ndi 22X13 mm. Makanda obadwa kumene amapezeka mu Ogasiti-Seputembala. Pazaka ziwiri, amayamba kugonana.

Mwa adani a agama a ku Caucasus, njoka zamitundu yambiri komanso zokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira, Central Asia cobra, gyurza, ndi kite wakuda amadziwika. Milandu ya cannibalism yadziwika. Kukhetsa kwa abuluzi kumachitika kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka June.

Chiwewe cha ku Caucasian chimabweretsa zabwino zake pamalo odyetserako mapiri, kuwononga tizirombo touluka: kafadala (mavuvu, kachilomboka, masamba kafadala), nyerere, njuchi, mavu, bumblebe, dzombe, nsikidzi, nswala, mbozi za gulugufe. Chifukwa chake, m'mapiri a Turkmenistan, pakati pa nyama zopanda nyama zodyedwa ndi buluzizi, zolemba 1199 zinali zovulaza, 792 sizinachite nawo koma 211 zokha zinali zothandiza.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .

Agama caucasica / Agama Caucasica

Mbiri yonse ya thupi lake ndi imvi ya maolivi, yakuda yofiirira kapena ya imvi, yomwe imatengera mtundu wa malo ozungulira. Pamiyala yopepuka, abuluzi amakhala oyera, pafupifupi oyera, pomwe pamtambo wakuda bii ndi ubweya wakuda kapena pafupifupi wakuda. M'mphepete mwa msana nthawi zambiri pamakhala mauna ndi mizere yamdima, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi yakuda ndi imvi yoyera pakhosi. Kutalika kwa akuluakulu kumafika masentimita makumi atatu ndi limodzi ndi mchira. Nyama ya Caucasian ndi nyama yeniyeni ya m'mapiri, posankha malo okhalamo miyala yosiyanasiyana, m'matanthwe ndi m'miyala ikuluikulu yamiyala ikuluikulu.Amakhala m'malo otsetsereka ndi otsetsereka m'misewu yamapiri komanso pazenera ndi makhoma a nyumba zopangidwa ndi miyala yayikulu. Pakhonde pa mitundu yonse pali ming'alu ndi miyala pakati pa miyala, pomwe buluzi nthawi zambiri samayenda kupitirira mamita ochepa. Ngakhale akuwoneka osagwirizana, ma agam ndi othandizira kwambiri, amathamangira pamalo otseguka, amakweza mchira wawo pamalo okwera, ndikukwera miyala, m'malo mwake, amaikanikiza mwamphamvu mwalawo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati kukuthandizira. Ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira buluziyo akuwona kale pamtunda wa 25-30 m ndikutembenukira molimba mtima kwa mdani, ndikupereka chisangalalo ndi mayendedwe am'mutu mwake. Atalola mdani kuti apite 2-3 m, akuchokapo mwachangu, ndipo atathamangira kukhomo lanyumba, amadzikakamiza motsutsana ndi mwalawo, kubisala mkatikati mwangozi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukoka agama poterera, chifukwa imakhuthula thupi kwambiri, ndikumamatira ndikung'ung'udza kambiri poti nthaka isasinthane pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri nyamayi imakhala ndi mbuto yolumikizana kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kutuluka yokha ndikufa chifukwa chotopa. Buluzi yemwe wagwidwa nthawi zambiri samakukuta mano ake, osasiya kukana ndipo amagwa pang'ono kukomoka. Mutha kuyiyika kumbuyo kwanu, kuipachika ndi mchira ndipo ngakhale kuyiyika kumutu mwanu - nyamayo imangokhala osagwedezeka ndipo kumangomveka mawu okhadzula, monga kuwomba m'manja. M'mawa, ma agamas amatuluka m'malo obisalako dzuwa litatuluka, ndipo atakwera mwala kapena mwala, amatenga nthawi yayitali dzuwa, kwinaku akuyang'ana nyama zomwe zili ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, akangaude, ming'alu kapena abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Malo ofunika mu chakudya chawo chopangidwacho amapangidwanso ndi maluwa, masamba, ndi zipatso zamasamba ambiri, ndichifukwa chake mu kugwa nsagwada za abuluzi amazimeza kwathunthu ndimadzi amtundu wabuluu. Atazindikira nyama, agam imapita mwachangu kwa iwo ndikuigwira molondola, nthawi zina imangodumphadumpha ndikuchotsa kutsogoloku pansi ngati kachiromboka kali m'mlengalenga. Ku Caucasus, kukhwima kwa agam kumayamba pakati pa Epulo ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi mpaka pakati pa Juni. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna achikulire amadzuka m'mawa pathanthwe lalikulu kapena pathanthwe, kuchokera pomwe malo onse amawonekera bwino. Pamalo owonera motere, yamphongo imayimilira pamagalawo otambasuka, nthawi zina ndikutembenuzira mutu wake kumbali. Atayang'ana pozungulira, akuyamba kuwerama mwachangu ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi, ndikugwera pansi ndikuwerama. Ma siluette aimuna ogwada amawonekera mozungulira pamlengalenga ndipo amawonekera patali, ndikuwachenjeza omwe angatsutse kuti malowa ndi otanganidwa. Pozindikira mdani amene akubwera, yemwe amapembedzanso nthawi ndi nthawi, mwininyumbayo amathamangira kukakumana naye, ndipo mlendo nthawi zambiri amathawa. Akazi 1-3 amakhala m'malo amodzi ndi amphongo, ndipo ngakhale akuwoneka bwino pamakwerero ake, amapezeka pansi patali ndipo sawoneka patali. Mu June - Julayi, zazikazi, kutengera kukula, zimayikira mazira 4 mpaka 14, ndikuzikwirira mu dzenje losaya pansi pa mwala wawukulu kapena pansi pa phompho lalikulu. Buluzi zazing'ono, 95-98 mm kutalika kwake ndi mchira, zimawonekera pakatha miyezi iwiri, mu Ogasiti - Seputembala. Poyamba, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi achikulire, zimasonkhana pamiyala yambiri pamiyala. Chakumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, ma agam amapita nthawi yozizira, kusonkhanitsa makumi angapo kapena mazana mumatanthwe ena akuya kapena m'miyala. Mphepete mwa ming'alu yotereyi imasungunuka ndi matupi oyipa amibulu masauzande ambiri akukwawa chaka ndi chaka. Milandu ya kufa kwamphamvu kwa nyengo yachisanu makamaka nyengo yozizira imadziwika. Titafika kumtunda kwa Nyanja ya Sevan ku Armenia, manda athu onse adapezeka kuchokera ku ziwengo zingapo zouma komanso zowuma zingapo.

Makulidwe a amuna a agama a Caucasian ali mpaka 15 cm, zazikazi zimakhala mpaka masentimita 14. Kulemera mpaka 160 g.

Thunthu, mutu ndi maziko a mchira wake amaphimbidwa, mchira wotsalawo uli pamtunda wopitilira. Chingwe chophimba kumaso chakumaso kwa mutu, kupatula infraorbital yaying'ono. Diso la ma parietali silifotokozedwa. Zoyesa zonse za gawo lamatsenga ndizopanda pake, zazing'ono. Phata lammphuno limatupa modabwitsa, mphuno yake imakhala yambiri, ili pakatikati pa phokoso ndipo siliwonekere kuchokera pamwamba. Milomo yokweza imateteza 11-16. Eardrum imapezeka mwapamwamba.

Mulingo wophimba thupi ndi wolemera. Pafupiko pali msewu wa pentagonal kapena hexagonal, wooneka ngati wooneka bwino kapena woongoka pang'ono, wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a dorsal-lateral komanso wamkulu. Kumbuyo kwa membrane wa tympanic ndi m'mbali, khosi - khola la pakhungu, lomwe limakutidwa kumapeto kwaulere ndi sikelo zokulitsidwa. Mbali zonse za thupi zimakutidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono yofiyira, pomwe moyandikana ndi m'mimba imakhala yayikulu komanso yopingasa. Makala a Throat ndi pectoral osalala. Throat pindani idafotokozedwa bwino. Milozo yopanga mchala ndi nthiti zowoneka bwino yosinthika kukhala malo owoneka ofupikirako imakhala ndi mphete zosinthika, mphete ziwiri zilizonse, osachepera gawo lachitatu lakumaliralo, imakhala gawo labwino kwambiri. Chala chachinayi cha mwendo wakumbuyo ndicitali kuposa chachitatu. Akuluakulu amuna, mizere 3-5 ya corpus callosum kutsogolo kwa chovala chovala ndi gulu lalikulu la masikelo oterowo pakati pamimba.

Mbiri yakale ya thupi lapamwamba la aguc ya Caucasus ndi imvi ya maolivi, yakuda, yofiirira, yofiirira kapena yokhala ndi phulusa, yomwe imatengera maziko a malo ozungulira. Pamiyala yopepuka yopepuka, abuluzi amakhala ndi imvi, pa burashi la basaltic - la bulauni, pafupifupi lakuda, komanso pamiyala yamchenga-yofiirira. Kumbali zakumbuyo kwakanthawi kuli mawonekedwe amizere yakuda yamizere ndi mizere, yopanga mabwalo osawoneka bwino omwe ali ndi malo owala m'malo, malo pakati pawo omwe amakhala ndimalo amdima ndi zonona. Mimba yake ndi yakuda kapena yofiirira, yomwe imakonda kwambiri akazi achikulire. Khosi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mitundu ya marble yowonjezera kapena yocheperako. Pa nthawi yakuswana, mmero, chifuwa, matumbo komanso mbali zina zimakhala zakuda bii, pafupifupi zakuda. Mchira mumikwingwirima yopumira. Agama achichepere amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa timabowo tating'ono tofiirira kapena thunzi totawirika mbali yakumtunda ya thupi komanso mtundu womwewo wa malo akulu kumbuyo kwa mutu, chifuwa, mmero, m'munsi kumbuyo kwamiyendo ndi mchira. Mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yopepuka imawoneka bwino kumbuyo kwa ana. Mtundu wa thupi ungasinthe. Pambuyo pakugwidwa komanso kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa, ma agamu opepuka nthawi zambiri amakhala mumdima ndipo amakhala akuda, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.

Kugawidwa chakum'mawa kwa Caucasus, North-East Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, North-West Pakistan komanso kumwera kwa Central Asia. Ku USSR - ku Eastern ndi Southern Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, mapiri a Dagestan ndi Southern Turkmenistan.

Mabungwe osankhidwa amakhala ku USSR A. s. Caucasica (Eichw., 1831). Njira zachiwiri ndi A. s. microlepis (Blanf., 1874), omwe kale adaganiziridwa ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha, wogawidwa kum'mawa kwa Iran. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mamba ambiri kuzungulira pakati pa thupi (177-235 mwa amuna ndi 190-239 mwa akazi).

Agua ya ku Caucasian imakhala m'mapiri, momwe imamatirira kwambiri miyala, malo otsetsereka kwambiri okhala ndi miyala yochepa, masamba okonda komanso malo osalala amiyala. Imakhala m'malo amiyala yamatope ndi m'miyala yofewa pamabedi owuma. Imapezekanso pakati pa mabwinja, pamiyala yamiyala ndi malo otsetsereka a misewu. M'mapiri amadziwika ndi malo okwera 3370 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Monga pobisalira, imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ming'alu, zikwapu ndi kuyaluka m'miyala, ming'alu ndi malo pakati pa miyala, kawirikawiri, mabowo. Phukusi limodzi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu angapo. Malo obisalako nthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'miyala ikuluikulu mu miyala kapena mozama mozama mpaka m'miyala yamiyala. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu, nthawi zina mpaka anthu angapo. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Sevan (ku Armenia) kumapeto kwa Meyi, anthu ochulukana kwambiri anali anthu 86 pa kilomita imodzi. Ku Turkmenistan, anthu 1.7 mpaka 13.1 amawerengedwa paulendo wamakilomita 10.

Pambuyo nthawi yachisanu yozizira, imapezeka mkati mwa March - kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mu yophukira imagwira ntchito mpaka Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Disembala, nyengo yotentha imakhalanso yogwira mu Januware. Amadyetsa tizilombo komanso ma arthropod ena, kudya nawonso maluwa otulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa, mphukira zofewa ndi masamba, zipatso za hawthorn, zipatso za buckthorn ndi zipatso za mabulosi akutchire. Pakhala pali zochitika zambiri zokhudzana ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono - gologlases, geckos, abuluzi, abuluzi a rock. Ku Azerbaijan, kafadala (44,2%) amapezeka m'mimba za agam, makamaka mavuvu ndi ma kafadala, 20th, (20.2%), mbozi za gulugufe (13.7%), njuchi (8%), masamba ndi zinyalala. Ku Georgia, chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi nyerere (42.1%), kafadala (20,3%), agulugufe (14%), dzombe (12,5%), olembetsa, nsabwe za nkhuni ndi akangaude (3.2% iliyonse) - Kuphatikiza apo , zinyalala za mitengo zidapezeka m'mimba zambiri. Mu Juni, ku Dagestan, agamians adadyetsa nsikidzi (91.9%), ma orthopterans (51.6%), hymenoptera (29%), agulugufe (20.9%), ndi akangaude (17.7%). M'mimba yambiri munkakhala zakudya zamasamba. Mu nthawi yamasika komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Turkmenistan, agamas amadya kachikumbu (58.3%), nyerere (44.2%), agulugufe (44.2%), orthoptera (15.9%), ndi magawo obiriwira a mbewu (58, 3%). Kummwera kwa Turkmenistan, agama omwe amachoka m'misasa yozizira nthawi yamadzulo nthawi yachisanu amadyetsa makamaka nsikidzi (82%), pomwe pafupifupi theka lake linali buzi.

Kuyambika kwa Agamu kumayamba patangodutsa nthawi yochepa ndikukhalapo mpaka kumayambiriro - m'ma Juni. Amuna okwatirana omwe amakhala ndi akazi angapo omwe akukhala patsamba lake, omwe amapanga mtundu wa "harem". Zachikazi nthawi zina zimasamukira mtunda wautali kupita kumalo opaka mazira. Ku Transcaucasia, anthu omwe ali ndi mazira mu oviducts amapezeka pakati pa Juni mpaka pakati pa Julayi; ku Turkmenistan, mazira amayikidwa mu Meyi-June. 2 zomangamanga ndi zotheka nyengo iliyonse.

Akazi achichepere okhala ndi kutalika kwa 98-110 mm amagona 4-6, ndipo kutalika kwa 130 mm kapena kupitilira - mazira 12-14 okhala ndi kukula kwa 15-17X22-26 mm. Achichepere a 36-38 mm kutalika (popanda mchira) amawonekera mu Julayi-Seputembara. Ku Transcaucasia, kukhwima mu mtundu wa Caucasian agama kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wachikazi wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamilimita 96-98, ku Turkmenistan kwa nthawi yoyamba kubereka anthu adadziwika ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 110-120 mm.

(Eichwald, 1831)
(= Stellio caucasius Eichwald, 1831, Agama caucasia (Eichwald, 1831), Agama reticulata Nikolsky, 1912)

Mawonekedwe.Chachikulu abuluzi okhala ndi kukula kwa thupi mpaka 15-16 cm ndi kutalika kwa mchira mpaka 20-23 cm. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Thupi ndi mutu, komanso maziko a mchira wake, ndizolimba bata .

Makala matupi ndi ophatikizika: m'mbali mwa msewuwo muli njira ya pentagonal kapena hexagonal, yofanana ndi yosalala kapena yosalala pang'ono, masikelo omwe amasiyana ndi ma dorsal-lateral osati mawonekedwe, komanso kukula kokulirapo: m'chigawo cha phewa lamanzere limakhala laling'ono kenako pang'onopang'ono limasandulika magawo abwino kwambiri a granular khosi. Kuseri kwa membrane wa tympanic ndi m'mbali mwa khosi kumakhala zikopa za khungu, zokutira kumapeto kwawo kwaulemu ndi sikelo zokulitsidwa. Makala a Ridge kangapo kocheperako kuposa kumtambo wamtambo. Mamba am'mimba Quadrangular, yosalala komanso yopezeka pafupipafupi yopingasa komanso yopingasa mizere italiitali. Makala a Throat ndipo pachifuwa paliwotche, wopanda nthiti. Throat pindani idafotokozedwa bwino. Makala achikulu okhala ndi nthiti zowoneka bwino zosinthika kukhala mphete zazifupi, zazifupi komanso zokhala ndi mphete zosinthika nthawi zonse: mphete ziwirizo (zosowa kwambiri) zimapanga gawo lozindikirika bwino lomwe likufanana ndi chigawo chimodzi chamiyala.

Ulendo Wosauka Pamwamba:
1 - Himalayan agama (Laudakia himalayana), 2 - Caama wa Caucasian 3 - Khorasan agama (Laudakia erythrogastra), 4 - agama aku Turkestan (Laudakia lehmanni) ndi 5 - steppe agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus)

Zala miyendo yakumbuyo yolemekezeka pambuyo pake, chala chachinayi chachitali chachitatu. Mwa amuna akuluakulu, mizere 3-5 Corpus callosum (pore) kutsogolo kwa chida chovala ndipo gulu lalikulu la masikelo oterowo pakati pamimba.

Zonse utoto kumtunda kwa thupi ndi imvi ya maolivi, yakuda yofiirira kapena ya imvi yokhala ndi malo ochepa akuda kapena achikasu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ovuta okongola. Kupaka utoto kwakukulu kumatengera malo omwe nyamayo ili komanso mawonekedwe ake a nyama. Pamiyala yopepuka yolimba, abuluzi nthawi zambiri amakhala imvi, pomwe mabaluni otuwa amakhala a bulauni, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda. Mwa akazi m'mimba pamakhala kuwala, kirimu wonyezimira, mwa amuna - amtundu wamdothi, maolivi akuda pakati komanso kutsogolo kwa phokoso lachivundi. Khosi ndi mtundu womwewo, koma ndi mtundu wa marble ochulukirapo.

AT nyengo yoswana khosi, chifuwa, kutsogolo ndipo mbali ina pamimba imakhala yamtambo wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda. Mchira mumikwingwirima yopumira.

Kufalitsa. Ku Caucasian agama kumakonda kum'mawa kwa Caucasus, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey, kumpoto kwa Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pakistan komanso kumwera kwa Central Asia. Pakati pa USSR yakale, kuli kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, ndipo dera lalikulu ku Central Asia ndi Turkmenistan: Krasnovodsk Plateau, Meshed Sands, Aang'ono ndi Big Balkhan, Kopetdag ndi Badkhyz. Kupitilira kum'mawa, malo ochokera kufupi ndi Chubek (kumwera kwa Tajikistan) amadziwika. Gawo la Russia limapezeka ku Dagestan pafupi ndi mudzi wa Kumtor-Kala ndipo, malinga ndi mabuku, pafupi ndi midzi ya Akhty ndi Rutul.

Kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu. Pa gawo la Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo pali mitundu iwiri: Laudakia caucasia caucasia ndi Laudakia caucasia triannulata Ananjeva et Atajev, 1984. Masanjidwe achiwiri amadziwika kuchokera ku Meshed Sands pafupi ndi mudzi wa Madau.

Habitat. Imakhala m'mapiri, momwe imatsatira miyala , malo otsetsereka ndi miyala yocheperako komanso zovuta zamiyala. Mtundu wa xerophilous umachulukana kwambiri kumapiri onse ndi kumapeto kwa mitengo. Nthawi zina, monga, makamaka, kuchuluka kwa Laudakia caucasia triannulaia ku Turkmenistan, agamas amakhala m'malo otsetsereka a mchenga, kumadula mapata amchenga ndi Kandym-Cherkess-bogalychevy chichewa chokhala ndi chimbudzi chamtunda chotalika ndi 180-200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Imapezekanso pakati pa mabwinja, pamiyala yamiyala ndi malo otsetsereka a misewu. Amadziwika m'mapiri malamba onse kuyambira pachipata chofikira pansi mpaka pamtunda wa 3370 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nthawi zina limakwera tchire ndi mitengo kufunafuna chakudya ndi malo okhala. Pobisalira, imagwiritsa ntchito ming'alu, mitsinje ndi zokutira m'miyala, pakati pa miyala ndipo, kawirikawiri, mabowo. Miyala yambiri yosiyanasiyana pamiyala yotsika ya mapiri imapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchuluka kwa anthu. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi nyumba zakale komanso malo okhala ndi mipanda yolimba.

Ntchito. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kutengera kutentha mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, agams amapezeka pakati pa tsiku, ndipo masiku otentha kwambiri, amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zochitika: m'mawa ndi madzulo. Agama ya ku Caucasian ndi mitundu wamba, imodzi mwazambiri ku Turkmenistan ndi Transcaucasus. Pa avareji, anthu atatu pa hekitala imodzi adawerengedwa pa kilomita imodzi yamtunda ku Turkmenistan.

Kubalana. Agamas amayamba kubereka mchaka chachitatu cha moyo ndi kutalika kwa thupi lopitilira 100 mm. Madeti a kalendala amatengera nyengo yanyengo ya chaka ndi mtunda, zimayambira pamaso pa aliyense pairing abuluzi omwe amakhala kumapiri a kumapiri (m'masiku 10 oyambirira a Marichi), komanso mating'i mu April-Meyi. Amphongo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi akazi awiri awiri omwe amakhala m'malo ake, ndikupanga mtundu wa "harem". Chitetezo mazira (kuyambira 5 mpaka 14) kumapeto kwa Meyi - Julayi. Achinyamata amawoneka ngati mazira, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, kukula kwa thupi la akhanda ndi 36-45 mm.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Amadyetsa tizilombo, nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana, hymenoptera, dzombe, lepidopterans, milozo, akangaude, ochepa kwambiri vertebrates (abuluzi ang'ono, njoka akhungu), phalanges.Udindo wofunikira mu zakudya zamasewera umadyedwa ndi zakudya zam'mera, makamaka zamaluwa zamaluwa ndi maluwa, mphukira zofewa ndi masamba, zipatso za hawthorn, zipatso za buckthorn ndi zipatso zamtchire.

Zisanu. Nyengo m'miyala, m'matanthwe ndi m'miyala, pansi pa miyala yakuya kwa 5-45 cm, nthawi zina m'magulu a anthu mpaka 35. M'malo obisalamo nthawi yachisanu momwemo mumatha kukhala nyama za mibadwo yosiyana, pomwe abuluzi akulu ndi akulu amapezeka palokha. Kuzizira nyengo ku Turkmenistan kumatha kuyambira Novembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, kumapiri a Caucasus kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi.

Mitundu yofananira. Kuchokera ku mitundu ina (Himalayan, Chernova), agamas aku Caucasias amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kuchokera pa agor ya Khorasan - milozo yosalala komanso piceti, komanso ku Turkestan - yunifolomu yayikulu pamiyeso ya njira ya dorsal.

Mu "Ecosystem" Yachilengedwe mungathe kuti mupeze tebulo lotanthauzira "Amphibians ndi nyama zapamwamba zapakati pa Russia "ndikuzindikiritsa pakompyuta za reptiles (reptiles) za Russia ndi USSR, komanso zida zina zophunzitsira pa nyama ndi zomera ku Russia (Onani pansipa).

Patsamba lathu mutha kupeza zambiri pa anatomy, morphology ndi ecology ya zokwawa : Mitundu yonse ya nyama zapamwamba, kupindika, kuyenda, komanso mafupa a nyama zapamimba, ziwalo zogaya chakudya ndi zakudya,