Nthawi yayitali osaopa adadabwitsidwa ndi asayansi ovomerezeka kwambiri, omwe sakanakhoza kusankha mwanjira iliyonse kuti ndi nyama yachilendo yotani iyi. Mapeto ake, a Tupayam adapeza malo pakati pa anyani. Dzina lina la tapaya ndi cholembera matabwa, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi yolumikizana yomwe imagwirizanitsa mitundu yosavomerezeka ndi anyani.
Habitat
Kunyumba osayankhula - India, Indonesia, Indochina ndi Philippines. Madera onse akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia komanso zilumba za zilumba za ku Malaysia. Zokwanira, agawidwa m'mitundu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, zazikulu khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri komanso mchira umodzi. Pakadali pano, zidziwitso zochepa kwambiri zasonkhanitsidwa zamtundu wotsiriza wa tupai, ndipo palibe chomwe chimadziwika.
Mawonekedwe
Kunja, tupai amafanana ndi agologolo. Ndiwofanana fridge, omwewo ndi achikulire, ndipo ngakhale amadya ngati makoswe awa - atakhala pamiyendo yawo yam'mbuyo ndikugwira nyama yawo yakutsogolo. Tupaia wometedwa ndi nyama yaying'ono, kukula kwake sikokulira kuposa khoswe wamba, wokhala ndi imvi yofiirira - yofiirira. Mtunduwu umatchedwa choncho, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi enawo, umaduladuka, mchira wa nyama yomwe ili kumapeto kwenikweni imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, zomwe zimapangitsa mchira wake kuti uziwoneka ngati nthenga. Tupai yokongola kwambiri ilinso yaying'ono kukula, kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupita masentimita makumi awiri, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira kumakhala kofanana. Tupai samapitirira magalamu mazana awiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi agologolo ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono a cartilaginous. Ubweya wonyezimira umakhala utoto wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wakuda.
Moyo
Onse tupai kupatula nthenga amakhala akugwira masana, ndipo usiku amathawira m'malo awo okhalamo. Malo okhala, nyama izi zasankha mitengo kapena zitsamba zazitali. Nyama izi zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, ndipo wamwamuna aliyense mosamala ndikulondera dera lake ndi mnzake, ndipo amatenga chuma chake kangapo patsiku. Wamphongo amakhala ndi chithokomiro pakhosi pake chomwe chimatulutsa zonyansa. Wamphongoyo amakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, kutaya khosi paphewa ndi mitengo yamtengo pamalo ake. Ngati mlendo azingoyendayenda m'dera lotetezedwa ndi mwamunayo, pomwepo malowo amakweza mphero yolimba ndikusenda. Ngati mlengalenga sizinapange chithunzi chabwino kwa mdaniyo, ndiye kuti champhongo chimagwira mchira wa mlendo wosapemphayo, kotero kuti, akathawa, amatha kukokera nyamayo mamilimita angapo. Nthawi zina, abambo awiri aamuna a tupai amatha kukhala palimodzi ndi dzanja lamanja, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbana ndi kangaroo: atayimirira miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, mikono yawo yakutsogolo imagundana ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala yokhazikika.
Chakudya chachikulu ndi tupai, wopangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timagwira mochenjera ndikukutidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Osanyoza tupai ndi zipatso, ngakhale achule ang'ono ndi abuluzi.
Ikafika nthawi yoti mwana abadwe, wamwamuna wa tupai amakhala wosamala kwambiri komanso womvetsera. Amakonzekereratu chisa cha mbadwa zam'tsogolo, kuyiyika ndi masamba ofewa. Mkazi amabadwa ana awiri kapena atatu, osathandiza kwathunthu. Amakhala nthawi yawo yonse ndi amayi awo mchisa, pomwe amawapatsa mkaka. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, tupai okhwima ndi okhwima amasiya chisa cha makolo awo. Ndipo chachikazi mu sabata limodzi pamakawonongeka ndikukonzekera zinyalala zotsatirazi.
Gender of Indian awo owonetsa, kapena anatan = Anathana Lyon, 1913
Imodzi yokha yamtundumitundu: Indian tupaya, kapena anatana, - Anathana ellioti Waterhouse, 1850.
Kutalika kwa thupi 17-20cm. Mchirawo ndi wa kutalika kwa 16-16 cm.Mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi zovala wamba, koma mosiyana ndi iwo, ma auricles ndi okulirapo komanso ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi ndipo ma canins apamwamba amafanana ndi incisors. Kutsogolo kwa mutu kumafupikitsidwa. Mtundu wa tsitsi kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiyira, nthawi zina ndimasooneka ofiira kapena ofiira, anthu ena amakhala amtambo kapena amtoto, pamimba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masamba achikasu kapena otuwa pamaso oyera. Pali zingwe zoyera kapena zonona pamapewa.
Adagawidwa ku Hindustan peninsula. Indian tupaya ili ku India ndipo malo ake ndi ochepa ku Hindustan Peninsula, kumwera kwa Mtsinje wa Ganges. Zokhala nkhalango. Zachilengedwe siziphunziridwa bwino, koma, zikuwoneka, zikufanana ndi zolakwika wamba. Amatsogolera moyo wamitengo, amadyera tizilombo, komanso nyama zina zazing'ono ndi zipatso.
Indian Tupaya, Indian kapena Madras swrews, Ananuel ellioti Waterhouse, 1850 - Mtundu wa Anatana umaimiriridwa ndi mitundu 1: Indian Tupaya. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina lachiTamil "Moongil Anathaan", lomwe limamasulira "bamboo squirrel". Mayina ena: India shrew nkhuni, gologolo bamboo.
Indian tupaia ndi ofanana kwambiri pooneka ngati tupaia wamba wa mtundu Tupaia, koma ali ndi makutu akuluakulu komanso aubweya, kukula kwake ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa dendrogale. Mchirawo umakhala wotalikirapo kuposa thupi. Thupi limafika kutalika kwa masentimita 16-18, kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 16 mpaka 19. Pali mitundu itatu ya nipples. Fomula wamano ndi motere: 2/3 1/1 3/3 3/3 = 9/10. Mano olosera sanapangidwe bwino.
Chovalachi chimakhala chofiirira-chofiirira kapena chofiirira chokhala ndi mawanga akuda, mbali yam'munsi ya thupi ndiyopepuka: yoyera kapena yachikasu. Ilinso ndi chingwe chachifupi, choyera kapena chokocha pamapewa. Indian tupaya pa avareji imakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 160 g.achilengedwe, a Indian tupaya amakhala zaka pafupifupi 2-3, ali mu ukapolo ku Chicago Zoo, anatani mmodzi amakhala zaka 7.
Indian tupaya amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso m'nkhalango zaminga. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zanyontho komanso zonyowa, ngakhale zimawonedwa pamiyala ndi m'miyala, ena amakhala pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Indian tupaya imapezeka pamiyala yomwe imakutidwa ndi tchire, pamalo okwera mpaka 1400 m pamwamba pa nyanja. .
Ma tupai aku India ndi odabwitsa. Maziko a chakudya ndi tizilombo (monga mbozi, nyerere zokhala ndi mapiko, agulugufe, ndi zina), nyongolotsi ndi zipatso (makamaka Lantana camara). Indian tupaya ikuyang'ana pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse padziko lapansi.
Khalidwe: Tupaya waku India amakhala ndi moyo masana, ngakhale amatchedwa "Wood Shrew," koma ndiwokwera mwaluso. Indian tupaia nthawi zambiri samakwera mitengo, pokhapokha ngati ikuwopa kwambiri, kusewera, kapena kudziyeretsa. Zowoneka, kuthekera kwakukwera mitengo mwachangu mwina kunapangidwa mwanjira yopewa kuyanjana ndi adani ake - nyama zodya.
Monga nyama yamasana, tupaya aku India amakakamizidwa kuti azimanga malo okhala usiku, omwe ali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala ma voids osavuta munthaka yofewa kapena pakati pa mwala, nthawi zina nyumba zawo zimakhala ndi malo angapo okhala ndi malo ambiri (nthawi zambiri awiri kapena atatu). Nyumba zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika ndi tupaya Mmodzi yekha. Indian tupaya nthawi zambiri amachoka pogona m'mawa ndipo amabwera dzuwa lisanalowe.
Indian tupaya ndi nyama yokhayokha. Sachitirananso kudzikongoletsa. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu ya nthambi ndi nthambi kuyeretsa ubweya wawo, monga kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mawondo awo kuphatikiza ndi ubweya wawo. Nthawi zambiri, a Indian tupaya amakwera pafupifupi mitengo iwiri pamtengo, kenako amasunthira pansi, opaka ndi kutsuka mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi motsutsana ndi khungwa ndi nthambi za mtengo. Indian tupaya amakhala nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, makamaka m'mawa ndi usiku, akusaka chakudya. Pali ndemanga za momwe ma India tupaya amadya zipatso ndi tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito manja awo, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe: Kudyetsa nthawi zonse mu kusungulumwa. Komabe, kupatula apo, m'malo okhala ndi zakudya, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona nyama ziwiri kapena zitatu, zikudyera mwamtendere moyandikana. Awiri amapangidwira kwakanthawi kochepa - mating.
Kubalanso: Mitundu imodzi. Kuti abereke ana, Indian tupaya amagwiritsa ntchito zisa zomwe zimapezeka m'malo obisika, makamaka mabowo pakati pa miyala ndi m'maenje a mitengo. Akazi amakhala ndi ma pawiri atatu a nipples. Palibe zidziwitso zina zokhudzana ndi kubereka ndi kubereka kwa ana zomwe zimapezeka, chifukwa mtunduwu samasungidwa nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yawo ya bere ndi masiku 45-56. Chomera: nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri, nthawi zambiri mpaka ma 5 ana.
M'malo osungira nyama, tupai ndi osowa. Choopsa chachikulu pakupezeka kwa mitunduyi ndi kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Akatswiri ena opanga zinyama amati matumba a India ndi akale chifukwa cha ubongo wawo wokulirapo, maso omwe amakhala mkati mwa mafupa ozunguliridwa ndi mafupa, ndi zina, pomwe ena amawagwiritsa ntchito ndi timabowo komanso timadontho tosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, ma subspecies atatu amadziwika malinga ndi dera lawo:
Anathana ellioti ellioti amakhala kumapiri akum'mawa ndi kumapiri a Shevaroy ku South India.
Anathana ellioti pallida amapezeka ku Central India makamaka ku Madhya Pradesh komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Raipur pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Ganges.
Anathana ellioti effoughtoni amakhala ku Western India kudera la Dangs Satpura pafupi ndi Bombay.
Tupai
Tupai (unit tupaya), kapena nkhuni - Kuzungulira nyama zomwe zimakhala kumapiri a kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kuchokera ku India kupita ku Philippines. M'mbuyomu, adaphatikizidwa ndi ma pulogalamu osatulutsa, panthawiyo, koma maphunziro amakono adawapatula iwo munthambi yawo yachitukuko pafupi ndi anyani.
Ali m'gulu la Megaverse mu 2009 Mutants ku Xanadu fan add-on. Komanso gulu la tupai lili m'gulu la mitu 10,000 yomwe iyenera kufotokozedwa pachilankhulo chilichonse cha Wikipedia.
Dzinalo "Wood shrew" ndikutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa dzina lachi Ngere. Koma mu Chichewa chizungu sichitanthauza kufukula kulikonse. Komanso, liwu loti mwina lingakhale kutanthauza kuti likungokoka nthaka, koma lankhulani za (kutalikirana) kutanthauza kosatanthauzika kwa kuyandikira kapena kufanana kwina, ndipo liwu loti arboreal limangotanthauza nyama zina (monga mbewa ndi marsupials).
Mu chilengedwe
Kukumbukira zamapuloteni, makoswe ndi mafinya akutali. Amakhala ndi moyo wapansi padziko lapansi, amakhala m'nthaka komanso m'nthambi za mitengo, pomwe amadya zipatso ndi tizilombo. Mitundu yambiri imagwira ntchito masana.
M'mbuyomu, adakhala nthawi yayitali ngati banja losakhazikika monga banja, komanso pambuyo pake ngati banja la ana anyani. Pakadali pano, adapatsidwa gawo loyandikana ndi primates. Ma primatologists amawayika ngati anyani oyamba ndi mano, mafupa, komanso chitetezo cha mthupi. Kwa primatologists, nkhuni zamatanda ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti chithunzi chokwanira chisinthike cha anyani, koma chiyanjano ndi anyaniwa chimafunsidwa.
Zithunzi zamatabwa zakale zotchedwa Anagale (Anagale gobiensis) zimakhala m'nkhalango za Oligocene. Amakhala ndi zikhadabo m'manja, ndi misomali m'miyendo yawo yakumbuyo - popeza sangathe kukokedwa ngati ya mphaka, zosemphana za anagi zodumphadumpha zomwe zimadukaduka misomali. Koma misomali yamakono yamalonda siyichita, ndipo mabulashi siwogwira. Pakadali pano, amatha kupezeka mu Gobi yopanda kanthu mumakedzedwe a Oligocene.
Indian tupai iwonso ndi agologolo a bamboo kapena ndodo za nkhuni
Indian Tupaya ndi mayi wachipembedzo cha banja la a Tupaev. Mtundu, Indian tupai kapena anatan ndiwo mitundu yokhayo. Mitunduyi idatchulidwa m'malo mwa "Moongil Anathaan", omwe amatanthauzira kuti "agologolo a bamboo", amatchedwanso ozungulira nkhuni.
Nyama izi zimakhala pachilumba cha Hindustan. Amakhala ku India, popeza amapezeka ku Hindustan, kumwera kwa mtsinje wa Ganges.
Asayansi ena amati nyamazo zimakhala zoyamba, chifukwa zimakhala ndi ubongo wawukulu kwambiri. Ndipo ena amati amadzola ndi ma mbewa.
Maonekedwe a Indian Tupaya
Kutalika kwa thupi la Indian tupaya ndi masentimita 17-20, pomwe kutalika kwa mchira kutalika ndi masentimita 16 mpaka 19 kumawonjezeredwa ndi mtengo uwu.
Maonekedwe, Indian tupai ndi ofanana ndi tupai wamba, koma amasiyana m'makutu akuluakulu, ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi komanso ma fangs okulirapo apamwamba. Kutsogolo kwa mutu kumafupikitsidwa.
Indian Tupaya (Anathana ellioti).
Utoto wakumbuyo wakumbuyo, ofiira, ofiira, wachikasu, lalanje kapena wakuda. Mimba, nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu ndi mawanga a bulauni kapena achikasu. Pali zingwe za kirimu kapena zoyera pama phewa.
Moyo wa Tupaya
Zamoyo za nyama izi sizinaphunziridwe bwino, koma zotheka, ndizofanana ndi zofala wamba.
Malo okhala tupai aku India ndi nkhalango komanso nkhalango zomwe sizingafike. Amakonda nkhalango zowonda kapena zopyapyala, koma amapezekanso m'matanthwe komanso m'matanthwe. Nthawi zina tupai aku India amakwera paminda ndi msipu.
Nthawi zambiri nyamazo zimakhala chete, koma nthawi zina zimapanga mawu - zopendekera zazifupi zomwe zimapitilira kwakanthawi kwakanthawi mwachangu.
Malo okhala Indian tupai ndi nkhalango ndi miyala yamiyala.
Ma tupai aku India ndi omnivores. Momwe zakudya zimakhalira ndi tizilombo: mbozi, agulugufe, nyerere zokhala ndi mapiko, zonyansa ndi zina zotero. Komanso zipatso. Nthawi zina tupaia imasunga tizirombo tudya timiyala tudya, koma samatero.
Ma tupayas aku India amagwira ntchito masana. Ngakhale kuti nyamazo zimatchedwa "nkhuni zopangira nkhuni," zimakwera pamiyala yokongola. Monga lamulo, iwo samakwera mitengo kokha ngati ali pachiwopsezo kapena akachita ntchito yoyeretsa zikopa.
Popeza India tupai ndi nyama masana, amayenera kumanga malo ogona momwe angagone. Kuti achite izi, amatha kungogwiritsa ntchito ma voids m'nthaka yofewa, koma nthawi zina amapanga nyumba zovuta zovuta kulowa. Monga lamulo, munthu m'modzi amakhala mink iliyonse. Tupaya amachoka m'malo ake obisalapo ndipo amabwereranso dzuwa litalowa.
Indian tupai amakhala okha, koma nthawi yakukhwima amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Gulu la Indian tupai
Indian tupaya ndi nyama yokhayokha. Popeza samalankhulana ndi abale, samayeretserana. Kuti khungu lizikhala loyera, amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo, kukwera mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, a tupaya amakwera pamtengo kutalika pafupifupi mamitala awiri, kenako nkutsika pansi, ndikugudubuduza ndi thunthu mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Zotsatira zake, ubweyawo umatsukidwa ndikukoka.
Indian tupai nthawi zonse amadya yekha. Koma m'malo omwe mumakhala zakudya zambiri, kupatula, nthawi yomweyo anthu awiri amapezeka. Awiri amapangidwa pokhapokha.
Chakudya cha Tupaya chimakhala ndi tizilombo - agulugufe ndi mbozi, nyerere ndi zipatso.
Kubereka Indian Tupai
Zomera za nyama izi zimaswa. Amapanga zisa m'malo obisika, nthawi zambiri pakati pa miyala kapena m'maenje a mitengo.
Akazi amakhala ndi zimpira zitatu. Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 45-56. Yaikazi imabereka ana 1-2, koma nthawi zina sipangakhalepo 5. Palibe chidziwitso china pa kubereka kwa tupai ndi kubereka ana, popeza nyama izi sizimasungidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mu malo osungira nyama, ndizosowa kwambiri.
Choopseza chachikulu pakupezeka kwa mitunduyi ndikuwonongeka kwa malo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.