Yurok (mawu ofanana: Finch, jure, sarka, chiguduli, grunt (chatha), Fringilla montifringilla) mbalame ya malamulo a Passeriformes, banja la Finch, genus.
Zovala zachimuna zimakhala ndi mutu wakuda, kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira, pakhosi, nadhvyl, mikwingwirima kumapiko ndi m'mimba zimakhala zoyera, chifuwa komanso mzere wambiri pamapewa ake ndi lalanje. Ku mbalame zaku Far East, mikwingwirima pamapiko nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira osati yoyera. Mbalame zazikazi ndi zazing'onozi zimapakidwa utoto mopepuka.
Liwu lake ndi louma wopanda phokoso, lomwe limathera ndi "zhzhzh" lakuthwa - kuthawa - "chi-chi" kapena "kufinya".
Amakhala m'nkhalango. Amakonzekeretsa birch ndi spruce. Amamadya tizilombo ndipo amabzala mbewu. Zomera m'nkhalango zosiyanasiyana - zazitali komanso zazifupi, ogontha komanso zomveka.
Imakhala chonde kwambiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi zambiri imakhala 2-5 m pamwamba pa nthaka. Mbalameyi imapanga chisa chomwe chili ndi makoma akuda komanso owoneka bwino, kuchokera ku udzu komanso udzu, kunja kwake chimakutira ndi mang'ombe ndi zidutswa za khungwa la birch.
Mu clutch 5-7, mazira 6 nthawi zambiri, ofanana ndi mazira omalizira, koma kukhala ndi kamvekedwe kakulu kwambiri kamatundu kakang'ono ndi timangwana tating'ono komanso tambiri.
Chingwe yurki zimadyetsedwa tizilombo tating'ono (mbozi, nsikidzi), zomwe mbalame zachikulire zimadyetsa nthawi imeneyo. Ndi ana okha yurki sinthani kubzala, kudyetsa mbewu, kusonkhanitsa, ngati mitengo, pansi. Kuchuluka kwa njere ndi namsongole ndi zitsamba zakuthengo, makamaka njere. Amadyanso zonenepa. Kusamukira kumwera, gululo limadyetsa malo olima ndi minda yamasamba yofesa ndi maudzu - mapira, bristles, pikulnik. Panthawi yozizira, mitunduyi imasiyanasiyana kutengera malo.
Yurki adagawidwa kumalire akumwera kwa masamba a nkhalango - kuchokera ku Murmansk kupita ku Kamchatka, koma magulu ena a iwo nthawi zina amapezeka nthawi yotentha komanso kumwera, mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Kalinin ndi Tatarstan, komanso ku Siberia - kupita ku Altai ndi Transbaikalia. M'nyengo yozizira, magulu a mitengo yamtengo wapatali amauluka kum'mwera kwa Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Kazakhstan ndi China.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame za Yurok
Kufotokozera za mbalame ya Yurok ndikofunikira kuyambira kuti mayina ovomerezeka a mbalameyi ndi awiri, lachiwiri komanso lodziwika bwino ndilo finch. Ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yaying'ono iyi yoimba - mitundu 21, imasiyanitsidwa makamaka ndi mtundu wa mitundu yawo yambiri.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma yurks ndi:
Kuposa ena, amafanana ndi mpheta. M'mimba ndi "fluffy" kwambiri komanso beige, kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi zofiirira, mchira ndi nthenga zakuda.
Mbalame zachilendo kwambiri komanso zokongola. Mimba ndi mandimu kapena chikasu chowala. Mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imapindika pakati pazovala zowoneka bwino, chilichonse pa yurka iliyonse, kotero zithunzi za mbalame nthawi zonse zimasiyana.
M'chithunzichi muli zipewa zofiira
Mbalame ya imasoaso imvi yokhala ndi mutu wofiyira, komabe, nthawi zina "chipewa "cho ndi lalanje ndipo mawanga amawonjezerapo kuti agwirizane ndi mapiko.
Amatchedwa mayina chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala. Amasiyana ndi ena onse mu nthenga zokhala ngati chokoleti zokhala ndi mawanga akuda komanso kupezeka kwa mulomo wamphamvu.
Mu chithunzi Galapagos Yurok
Nthawi zambiri, zithunzi za mbalame yurk zimasonyezanso zamtunduwu. Mbalame izi sizokongola kwambiri, komanso zamanyazi pang'ono pa abale awo onse. Mtundu wamimba la toni iliyonse ndi wachikasu, koma ndi tint ya acid, nthenga zina zonse zimakhala zofiirira.
Mu chithunzichi, hurok-belled hurok
Amasiyana ndi abale ake mumtundu wa nthenga. Mwa akazi, manambala ndi amvi kapena otuwa, mwa amuna - abuluu-akuda. Ma yurks amakhala mu nkhalango, malo otseguka komanso zitsamba zochepa, m'mapaki, m'minda yamitango, ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Mu chithunzicho eurhen yurok
Mbalame zimasamukira, zimapita kumadera akutali a Mediterranean kukazizira, makamaka mbalame zambiri nthawi yozizira ku Italy, komanso ku Western Hemisphere - ku California ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico. Kutalika kwa yurka kumakula mpaka 15 cm, kulemera kwa mbalameyo pafupifupi kuyambira magalamu 14 mpaka 35, ndipo mapiko ake amachokera 24 mpaka 26 cm.
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha mbalame ya Yurok
Mbalame zamtundu wa yurka zimakhala m'matanthwe, komanso chisa mumulu, zonse pamodzi, mbali imodzi. Zingwe zimapotoza wandiweyani, popanda ming'alu, zakuya ndikuziphimba mosamala ndi udzu, udzu ndi chilichonse chomwe chili choyenera kupanga chitonthozo ndi kutentha.
Mazira mu chisa nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapeto kwa Meyi, achikazi amawagwira kuyambira masiku 12 mpaka 15. Nthawi yonseyi wamwamuna amakhala akusamalira mwamunayo, osayiwala kuyimba nyimbo madzulo ndi m'bandakucha. Mabatani akunyamuka kwawo koyamba amachoka kale pa tsiku la 14-16 la moyo, ndipo, nthawi zina, kale.
Ma yurks amakhala ochezeka kwambiri, ngati mwadzidzidzi wamkazi, pazifukwa zina, amakhalabe pamazira okha, popanda wamwamuna, ndiye kuti gulu lonse limamuyang'anira. Kuchulukitsa kwa malo amodzi zimatengera zakudya zamalo ano.
Chakudya chikasowa, gawo lina la gululo limatha kudzipatula ndi kupita kwina, koma mbalamezo zimayanjanitsidwanso ndikuthawira nyengo yachisanu. Ma yurks ndi okhulupirika kwambiri kwa anthu kuposa zovala zazing'ono zambiri.
Nthawi zambiri mungaone kolowa yomwe idayimitsidwa panjira yotsegulira nyumba zokhala ndi mipando yambiri yoyambira zaka 70-80 za zaka zapitazi. Mnyumba zotere mumakhala "cellar" pansi pa zenera lakhitchini losesa ndi bowo loti mpweya wabwino, womwe eni nyumba omwe adalowa, mwachidziwikire, adatsekedwa kuchokera mkati. Ndipo kunja kunali nyumba "zopangidwa bwino" zokha zyurks.
Yurok mbalame chakudya
Mbalame izi ndi zodabwitsa. Amatulutsa njere zabwino, zipatso, zipatso za "beech", zipatso zakugwa ndi zonse zomwe adutsamo. Ndi chidwi chomwecho, mbozi zamtundu wa yurki, zimagwira tizilombo ndikuuluka, ndipo mphutsi zimapeza.
Zowona, samakhomera makungwa, ngati mitengo yamatabwa, koma "amatola" zomwe zili pamwamba. Yurki amatenga chakudya kuchokera pansi mwachidwi, amasangalala kuwaza matumba ndi kusamba fumbi, kumangolira nthawi yomweyo.
Pa chithunzichi pali bambo wachisanu
Zadziwika kuti mbalame zikuima m'malo osungirako zinyama m'mizinda, m'mapaki kapena m'malo ena abwino zimakonda kwambiri "kuponya" ma bulo apulo, zotsalira za otchova njuchi ndi agalu otentha, ngakhale akumamwa maudzu pansi pa ayisikilimu.
Ndiwofunika bwanji kuti chakudya choterocho ndi chofunikira kwambiri, koma ndi funso lalikulu, koma gulu lankhaka lokhazikika silimaphonya ngakhale nkhuku zodyetsedwa zomwe zaponyedwa kutsogoloku.
Chokhacho chomwe ma yurks samatenga ndi nsomba, zonse zouma ndi zina zilizonse. Ngati pafupi ndi madera a mbalamezi pali anthu odyetsa omwe amapanikizika ndi anthu, ndiye kuti oyandikana nawo adzakhala alendo awo wamba.
Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Yurki - mbalame zimangokhala mokhazikika, kwa otentheka. Mnzanu m'modzi yekhayo moyo. Ngati china chachitika kwa mmodzi wa banjali, yurok yotsalirayo simalowanso muubwenzi "wabanja".
Pomweikazi imasaka mazira ake, pafupifupi, kwa milungu ingapo, yamphongo imangonyamula chakudya ndikumusangalatsa ndi nyimbo, komanso imagwira masamba, udzu, zidutswa za nsalu ndi chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafamu yoswana.
Nkhuku zimadyedwa limodzi, komabe, chisa sichisiyidwa kuti chisamalidwe, achikulire amachisiya mosamalitsa. Sizitengera kuti nyumba yanyamayo ndi yotetezeka bwanji. Ngakhale chisa chili potseguka pakhomo, ndiye kuti chatsekedwa mbali zonse - mbalame zimangouluka zokhazokha, osasiya anapiyewo kwa mphindi imodzi.
Koma chachikazi chokha chimaphunzitsa ana kuuluka ndi kudya pawokha, champhongo sichilowerera izi konse ayi. Ponena za kukhala ndi moyo, pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino, mabanja a yurks amakhala ndi zaka 15 - 15. Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri azachipatala, mbalamezo sizinakhalepo ndi banja lochepera, mpaka zaka 12-14.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame za Yurok zimatha kumveka m'chipinda chanu. Mbalame zimakhala bwino mu ukapolo, zimamverera bwino, zomwe zili sizosiyana ndi zomwe zili Canary. M'malo okhala "m'zinyumba", nthawi yotalikirana imakhala yosiyana kwambiri, pali zitsanzo za mbalame zomwe zimadutsa zaka 18, ndipo palinso ena omwe sakukhala zaka 10.
Reel
Reel kapena Yurok (Fringilla montifringilla). - Gulu la Sparrow, reel banja. Habitat - Eurasia. Kutalika 16 masentimita 25 g
Finch ndi wachibale wapamwamba kwambiri, ofanana ndiiwo mu moyo. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimapanga zoweta zambiri kukhala ndi mitengo, koma maula amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi abale ake ndi mitundu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti zovala zakumapeto kwa zomalazi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa nthawi yophukira.
M'nyengo yotentha, amuna amakhala ndi mutu wakuda, khosi ndi kutsogolo kumbuyo, komanso wonyezimira wamaluwa nthawi yachisanu. Chifuwa ndi lalanje. Tsitsi lake ndi loyera. Mzere wooneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Mphezi zakuda zimakongoletsa mbali zonse. Akazi amakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino. Mitu yawo ndi yofiirira, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pa korona. Kumbuyo kwa akazi ndi kofiirira, ndipo chifuwa si chowala ngati lalanje. Mlomo wa amuna ndi wamtambo, ndi wa akazi wokhala ndi utoto wachikasu.
Reels amakhala m'nkhalango za taiga kuyambira kumpoto kwa Europe kupita ku Far East. Chomwe chimadyedwa ndi mbewu za mbewu, makamaka zomwe zimamera monga tirigu, makamaka, kuposa ena oyimira banja la yurka amakonda kudya nyama: tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala pachimake ndi zopota, zisa zimakhala zazitali kwambiri. Mu clutch mumakhala mazira 5 mpaka 7, ofanana kwambiri ndi mazira omaliza. Akaziwo amadzitchinjiriza, ndipo yamphongoyo, yomwe imakhazikika panthambi yapafupi, imasangalatsa kuyimba. Dziwani kuti nyimbo ya nyimboyo ndi yaphokoso kwambiri kuposa nyimbo za melodic, yomwe imakhala ndi "nyimbo" yayifupi, komanso yotsika kwambiri pamtundu wa nyimbo zina zabwino. Chifukwa chake, mbalamezi sizisungidwa kunyumba.
Ku Russia, mitunduyi imachokera ku Kola Peninsula kummawa kukafika ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Kumakhala yozizira kum'mwera kwa Europe, Asia Asia, kum'mawa kwa China, ku Korea ndi Japan.
Canary chozungulira
Canary reel (Serinus canaria). Habitats - Asia, Africa, Western Europe. Kutalika 15 masentimita 15 g
Zidutswa zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowala bwino, zomwe zimagawidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha padziko lapansi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti canary finch, yomwe imakhalanso ku zilumba za Canary, ndiyomwe adayambitsa oimba odziwika komanso okondedwa osayerekezeka - canaries. Ngakhale nyimbo ya canary yamtchireyi ndi yosangalatsa, si yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa ngati nyimbo za mbalame.
Reels amakhala m'matumba, nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi anthu mazana angapo palimodzi. Monga lamulo, khalani ndi moyo wakhazikika, popeza mwasankha madera oyenda pansi. Ndi kuzizira, amasunthira pansi kuchokera kumapiri. Amamadya nthangala za mbewu, mbewu za chimanga. Kumene kuli ma reel ambiri, amatha kuwononga mbewu.
M'matumbo atatu mpaka 7, anapiye amabadwa m'masabata awiri. Ana oyamwa amapatsidwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo mitundu ina pachaka "imatulutsa" ana awiri pamapiko.
> Yurok mbalame. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, njira ndi malo okhala yurka
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Nzika zamakono zambiri sizitha kuzindikira ndikusiyanitsa mbalame zambiri zazing'ono zaku Russia - mpheta zokha ndi ma toni okha amadziwika ndi onse.
Pakadali pano, mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi "mpheta" kapena "yaying'ono pang'ono ngati mpheta," ndizambiri m'nkhalango ndi m'minda. Imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino, koma yosadziwika bwino ndi auroch (kapena reel).
Kwenikweni, dzina loti Finch ndi lasayansi kwambiri: finch ndi la finch ya banja, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri. Iliyonse yamtunduwu imatchedwa Finch, kuphatikizapo tanthauzo lina, mwachitsanzo, "alpine finch", "Himalayan finch" ndi zina zotero.
Yurk amatchedwa mbalame wamba komanso yodziwika bwino m'banjali ku Europe ndi Russia. Popeza tikambirana makamaka pambuyo pake, tidzagwiritsanso ntchito dzinali.
Dzina lachi Latin loti yurka ndi Fringilla montifringilla, omwe amatha kutanthauzira kuti "finch". Izi ndi zowona: Yurok ndi wachibale wapamtima kwambiri, ndipo oimira ambiri a banja latsopanoli amakonda kukhala m'mapiri.
Ngakhale a Yurok samadziwika bwino, ndiye mbalame yomwe imakhala yowoneka bwino. Kumbuyo, nuhvoste ndi pamwamba pamutu pa mbalamezi ndi zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda, pamimba ndi mikwingwirima pa mchira ndi zoyera, ndipo chifuwa ndi mapewa ake amawajambula mu ocher kapena lalanje.
Mikwingwirima yakuda komanso ya lalanje yokhala ndi zilembo zoyera zosinthika pamapiko. Amuna okhwima a zaka 3 ali ndi utoto wowonekera bwino, makamaka nyengo yotentha: ali ndi ma toni a lalanje, akuda ndi oyera omwe amakhala odzaza ndi mawonekedwe osiyana malo. Amuna achichepere ndi achikazi amawoneka kuti alibe
M'nyengo yozizira, amuna akuluakulu amakhala opanda vuto. Kukula kwa yurka sikusiyana ndi mpheta: kutalika kwa mbalame ndi 14-16 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 25. Kapangidwe ka yurka ndimalo wandiweyani, thupi ndi lozungulira, koma mchira wake umakhala kutalika pang'ono kuposa mpheta.
Kunja, khomali limafanana kwambiri ndi yurka. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza mbalamezi chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu osakanikirana omwe mitundu yonse ilipo. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa amuna akuluakulu a chovala chambiri kuchokera kumapeto, chifukwa palibe mtundu wowala wa lalanje paziwonetsero zomaliza. Akazi ndi amuna achichepere a yurka amasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wakuda (wopanda masaya ofiira ndi chipewa chofiyira chamtambo, chofala ngati ma finches.
Kuyimba kwa yurk sikugwirizana kwambiri. Samatulutsa mawu mokweza, mawu ake samveka mwachangu. Kufotokozera izi m'makalata, monga momwe zimachitidwira nthawi zambiri, ndi ntchito yosayamika. Nthawi zambiri, phokosoli limakhala ngati kupendekera kwa mbalame zazing'ono kapena kubungula (kofanana ndi ziwala, koma mwadzidzidzi).
Kwenikweni, auroch kapena reel - iyi ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi umodzi womwe umasinthidwa kudera lonse lokhalamo. Koma pali mitundu yambiri yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale si onse omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi yurk yeniyeni. Ku Russia, kuphatikiza pa yurk yeniyeni, pali:
- Mapiri a Siberia kapena Siberia, omwe, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, amakhala ku Siberia ndi Far East. Sikuwoneka zowala ngati mbalame ya Yurok: kumakhala kwakuda kwambiri, palibe mtundu wa lalanje pachifuwa. Mbalame payokha ndi yokulirapo pang'ono.
- Alpine, kapena matalala oundana - ku Russia amatha kuwonekera ku Caucasus ndi Altai. Utoto ndi wakuda, wopanda mawalanje.
- Himalayan finch - ofanana ndi alpine, koma ku Russia ngakhale ndizocheperako: madera ake amakhudza dziko lathu lokha m'mphepete, ku Altai Territory.
- Chovala chachifumu, kapena korolkovoy, ndiye mwina ndizokongola kwambiri kuposa mitengo yonse ya zinyama zapakhomo. Iye ndiochepetsetsa kwambiri (ang'ono kuposa mpheta), koma sizingatheke kuzindikirika: pamtambo wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, chipewa chofiyira m'mutu mwake chitayikidwa, chomwe mbalameyo imadzipatsa dzina. Ku Russia, reel iyi imapezeka ku North Caucasus, Stavropol Territory komanso kumwera kwa Krasnodar Territory.
Mitundu ina ya mbalame, mu dzina lomwe dzina loti "finch" lilipo, limakhala kumwera kwa Russia. Zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku Asia, Africa ndi America, komanso kuzilumba zambiri zam'nyanja. Mwinanso odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya Galapagos, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa South America.
Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu 13 ya mitengo ya ku Galapagos. Anachokera kwa kholo limodzi, koma, atapezeka kuti ali yekhayekha, adachita bwino kwambiri zachilengedwe ndipo adapeza ukadaulo woyenera: tsopano malembawa amasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe a milomo, kutengera mtundu wa chakudya komanso machitidwe a kupezedwa kwa chakudya china.
Kuwona kwa mitengo ya ku Galapagos inali imodzi mwamphamvu yomwe idapangitsa Charles Darwin kupanga malingaliro ake odziwika bwino pakusankha kwachilengedwe koyambirira kwa zolengedwa.
Zolemba
- 1 2 Boehme R. L., Flint V. E. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Mbalame.Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / Ed. ed. Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Russia. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 435. - 2030 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
- Kholodkovsky N.A., Silantyev A.A. Mbalame za ku Europe. Ornithology yothandiza ndi chithunzithunzi cha mbalame zaku Europe. Gawo II - St. Petersburg: Kusindikizidwa ndi A. F. Devrien, 1901. - S. 312. - 608 p.
- Arlott N., Brave V. Mbalame za ku Russia: Upangiri-Wotsogolera. - St. Petersburg: Amphora, 2009 .-- S. 388. - 446 p. - ISBN 978-5-367-01026-8.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Chingwe chake chili ndi thupi laling'ono, momwe mulitali mwake mulibe kupitilira 14 cm. Kulemera ndi 17-20 magalamu. Zowonjezera pazovala ndizovala lalanje, koma kusintha kwakumbuyo ndi khosi - m'nyengo yozizira, ziwalozi zimapakidwa utoto, ndipo nthawi yotentha zimayamba kuda. Mlomo uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ngakhale kukula kwake kuli kochepa. Imapakidwa yakuda. Mawamba ake ndi amvi komanso osakhwima kwambiri, ali ndi zibowo zakuthwa. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mtundu wowala kuposa wachikazi.
Zidikha zamtundu wa Passerformes odalirika, kwa banja la Finch, mtundu wamtali, mtundu wa Finch.
Mbalame zimayimba kwambiri, koma nyimbo yawoyo imakhala chete komanso bata m'mene ikukhala, koma pothawa imatha kuulutsa mawu kwambiri.
Khalidwe ndi kadyedwe
Reels ndi mbalame zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri ngati tingapange fanizo pakati pa magulu awo. Pali mbalame zomwe zimasinthasintha ndi nyengo iliyonse, ndipo pali okonda kutentha - oyenda kumwera.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti mitengo yamalonda imatha kukhala pawiriawiri, ndikupatsa chidwi ndi moyo ndi paketi.
Malo omwe amakhalamo amasankhidwa mosamala - zitsamba ndizabwino. Mbalame zimakonda kubisa anapiye awo kuti asamaone.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala kwambiri tikamadya chakudya cham'madzi. Mbalame zimakonda kusaka zenizeni - zimagwira nyama zazing'ono panthawi yothawa. Mwa njira, ma reel ndi ma acrobat omwe amatha kuchita mosersaults ndikujambulira molakwika.
Kugawa ndi malo
Ma Finch okhala ku Scandinavia, Russia, Europe: Norway, Oslo, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, ndipo mitundu ina imasankha Azores, South Africa.
Amamanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi nkhalango, mapaki, minda yamasamba. Zilembozo siziopa anthu, motero zimatha kukhala ndi chonde pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu ngati zili pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana.
Kusamukira kapena nthawi yozizira
Reel amatanthauza mbalame zosamukira. Nthawi zambiri amasiya chisa ndikadzayamba yophukira ndikubwerera mu Epulo - Meyi, m'malo osiyanasiyana, njirayi ndi yosiyana. Kwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira kumwera kwa Europe, Asia - Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Japan, China.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo yamafuta. Nthawi zambiri, kwa onse, kupatulapo, mwachirengedwe chotchulidwa cha kugonana, chomwe chimawonedwa pakuwala kwa amuna.
Mbalame yomwe imakhala kuchokera ku Himalaya mpaka kumwera kwa Sahara. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 10-12, kulemera kwa magalamu 13-16 Ili ndi mlomo wakuthwa, wamfupi, wa imvi. Mwa njira, "canary finch" ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa onse ochokera ku banja labwino kwambiri, lotchuka ku Europe.
Mbalameyo imakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso wosangalatsa, mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira kwambiri, mapiko ndi a bulauni, okhala ndi timating'ono tating'ono kumbuyo ndi mbali ya amuna, ndipo mwa akazi izi zimayikidwa pa brisket.
Mbalameyi imapereka ndodo ziwiri pachaka, iliyonse imakhala ndi mazira atatu kapena asanu, yomwe imasungidwa ndi mkazi m'modzi.
Kumbukirani kuti pali mitundu ingapo yamalonda ya canary, yomwe imasiyana mitundu.
Malawi reel
Mtengo wotsatsa bwino kwambiri ku Canary ndi wokongola kwambiri ku Mozambique. Amakhala ku South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Imakhala ndi utoto wambiri kuposa momwe mitundu yobiriwira, yachikaso imawala. Anthu ambiri m'derali amasunga nyumba zawo kunyumba.
Mozambique imatulutsa zisa mu savannah, nkhalango, mapaki. Amadyetsa njere zazing'ono, mphutsi, zipatso, zamkati.
Chingwe chisanu
Ndiye mpheta yamapiri kapena matalala. Amakhala kumapiri a Alps, Balkan, Caucasus, Carpathian Mountain, ku Central and Central Asia. Njira zamtunduwu zimalimbikitsa moyo wokhalitsa.
Chisa chimamangidwa pamwamba m'mapiri, kapena m'matanthwe, pomwe chimasungidwa chikhazikitso chokhazikika mu zoweta, osati awiriawiri. Amakwera modzidzimutsa komanso mwachangu pansi.
M'mitundu ya mbalamezi, zoyera ndi zonyezimira m'munsi mwa thupi ndi zofiirira m'malo amapiko. Pali malo ena amdima pakhosi. Kuyerekeza kugonana m'mabanja kumafotokozedwa moperewera ndipo kumatha kudziwonekera kumkhalidwe wakukhwima.
Mlomo ndi wocheperako pang'ono kuposa wa masamba ovomerezeka; ndi utoto wachikaso. Mbalameyo imayimba mokweza ndi nyimbo.
Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo njere za alpine, chimanga, komanso tizilombo, kachilomboka, akangaude.
Chingwe chodzala manja kapena chachifumu
Mbalameyi imakhala kumapiri a Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan, Iran. Pafupifupi nyengo yachisanu, kusamukira ku India, pagombe la Aegean.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachilendo, mbalameyo imasungidwa mu ukapolo, kuwonjezera apo, imayimba bwino. Mitundu imayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yakuda ndi imvi, pamutu pali malo ofiira ofanana ndi Iroquois. Pocheperapo kawirikawiri, mawonekedwe ofiira kapena a lalanje amapezeka pamapiko ndi brisket
Mbalame imadya nyama zazing'ono, komanso mapira, mbewu.
Chotengera cha chikasu
Mukukhala South Africa, Angola. Malo okondweretsa kuti amange chisa, mbalame imasankha tchire zakale, m'nkhalangozi.
Zowonjezera zamitundu iyi zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa chikaso chowoneka bwino komanso chobiriwira. Pa mapiko pakhoza kukhala mabulawuni oyera ndi oyera, mikwingwirima, koma tummy imakhala yachikasu kwathunthu. Iris yakuda. Mlomo ndiwotalika kukula, koma wamphamvu mwamlifupi. Imapaka utoto wonyezimira. Kuwala kwamisili pakati pa mkazi ndi mkazi kumafotokozeredwa mwamphamvu ndipo kumakhala kopepuka kwa akazi - imvi imakhalapo, popanda owala. Kutalika kwa thupi 13 mpaka 13 cm, kulemera mpaka magalamu 17.
Galapagos
Amadziwikanso kuti Darwin, amakhala pagulu la zilumba za Pacific Ocean - kuzilumba za Galapagos. Mbalameyi ndi yotsalira ndipo imafunsira mitundu isanu ndi iwiri. Iwo adapeza dzina lawo lachiwiri chifukwa cha makolo awo akale - zaka zoposa miliyoni 2 ndi ziwiri zapitazo. Charles Darwin nayenso adaphunzirira zamatsenga pankhani ya chisinthiko.
Nthawi zambiri mitengo iyi imakhala yotalika kuposa 20 cm kutalika kwa thupi, koma imakhala yosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake monga mulomo ndi milamu. Tiyeni tiwone ena a iwo.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa cactus
Matenda a zilumba za Galapagos. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalameyo ndi mlomo wake waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, malisiketi achimuna amakhala ovala zodzikongoletsera zakuda, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi zovala zofiirira komanso zoyera. Mlomo wawo suli wakuda ngati wa amuna. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, subs subsies amakhala mu cacti ndipo saopa konse kumenyedwa. Mbalame zimadyera pa mbewu ndi maluwa a cactus, crickets.
Chowonera-lakuthwa
Ndi mbalame yosangalatsidwa, yosamalira bwino nyama yomwe imakhala nyama yanyama ina. Mbalame ndizopezekanso ndipo ndimakhala kuzilumba za Darwin ndi Wolf.
Mawondo akuthwa ali ndimagazi - akusaka nyama yawo, amabwera ndi nzeru zonse, ndipo nyamayo ikakhala m'manja mwawo - amayamba kuipukutira mpaka magazi atayamba kutuluka kuchokera kwa womenyedwayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti izi zokhazikika, zomerazi zimatha ludzu, chifukwa chilala chimalamulira pazilumba. Samanyalanyaza kuba - amaba mazira kuchokera ku zisa za mbalame zina ndikuzikoloweka pansi mpaka atasweka.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono
Mbalameyi ndiwochepera kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yomwe imakhala pachilumbachi - masentimita 10-11 okha kutalika kwa thupi. Amapezekanso.
Amakhala m'nkhalangozi, zitsamba, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala chisa pafupi ndi mapiri, pomwe amakhala nthawi yonse ya kukhwima. Amadya zipatso, masamba, maluwa.
Mbalame zimawononga tizilombo touluka ku matupi a nyama zina.
Mangrove Wood Reel
Uwu ndi mitundu yocheperako kwambiri. Mbalame zimakhala pachilumba cha Isabella ndipo zimatetezedwa. Chiwerengero cha mitundu iyi ndi anthu 60-140.
Mtundu wa Mangrove wopakidwa utoto, wosayera, tummy imakhala ndi maolivi ambiri. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, wamkulu, ndipo maso ndi ozungulira. Mapiko ndi mchira wamtunduwu ndizokulungidwa.
Mbalameyi imapeza chakudya mosangalatsa - mothandizidwa ndi nthambi mkamwa mwake imadzipaka yokha pansi kufunafuna akangaude kapena nsikidzi zazing'ono.
Chingwe cha Woodpecker
Mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yoseketsa kwambiri yomwe imapeza chakudya mothandizidwa ndi minga kuchokera ku nkhadze, yomwe imagwirira ntchito mwaluso mulomo wake.
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi 15 cm, kulemera - mpaka 20 magalamu.
M'banja la thrush reels, kholo limalamulira - amuna okha ndi omwe amayimitsidwa mu chisa, ndipo makolo onse awiri akuchita hatch. Nkhupakupa zimabadwa pambuyo masiku 12-13.
Mbalameyi ndiyopondanso.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi
Reel ndi mbalame zoopsa, koma osanyalanyaza moyo wa gulu. Gulu lalikulu la abale sililepheretsa kuti banja lawo likhalebe lolimba mpaka masiku atha. Kutengera ndi nyamazo, zonse wamwamuna ndi wamkazi zimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga zisa, koma nthawi zina mbalame zonsezi zimachita izi.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma subspecies, chifukwa chake, sipangakhale lingaliro lililonse pankhani yokhudza kugonana. M'mabuku ena, zimafotokozedwanso, pomwe zina zimasiyanitsidwa.
Zofunikira zam'manja
Gulani khola lalikulu ndi lalikulu, lomwe kukula kwake kulibe kochepera 80 ndi 60 ndi 80. Mutha kusankha zinthu pazitsulo, koma musaiwale kumata timitengo kapena mapesi pakati pa mitengo yosiyirana - mitengo yamapikisano imakonda zokometsera.
Ikani khola pamalo otentha ndikusamalira mpweya wabwino, koma osalemba.
Kudyetsa m'mbuyo
Musaiwale za chotengera chodzaza ndi madzi - mbalame zimakonda kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri.
Monga chithandizo, chiweto chitha kudyetsedwa mtedza yaying'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mukugula chakudya cham'malo osungira nyama, chitha kukhala akangaude, kafadala, atsekwe. Zamoyo zazing'ono ndizomwe zimapanga maziko a chakudya cha mbalame. Kudyetsa kumathanso kukhala mapira kapena chimanga.
Zosangalatsa
- Ziphuphu zimatha kusintha mtundu wawo, kutengera nyengo.
- Mbalame zamtunduwu zimachokera pamtendere mpaka zolengedwa zomwe zimadya magazi a nyama zina.
- Mitengoyo imakonda kukhala pagulu. Ngakhale kunyumba, amatha kukhazikika mu ndege ndi mbalame zina, koma anapiye okha, osati achikulire.
- Madera okhala ku zilumba za Galapagos ali ponseponse; kuchuluka kwawo ndi ochepa.
- Mbalamezi zimakonda kupsa mtima ndipo zimatha kumenyana ndi mbalame zina. Koma kwakukulu, ndi ochezeka kwambiri ndipo sangathe kukhala osungulumwa.
Kuyimba
Ayamba nyimbo zawo m maphokoso. Chifukwa chake amakhala osiyana nthawi zonse. Pothawa, iwo amafuula: "moyo", "chi-chi-chi", atakhala pachisa: "chzhzhzh". Mwambiri, nyimbo mu nthawi yakukonzekera imakhala ndi mluzu wovuta komanso wowonda, wamtendere.
Domain: Kingdom: Subdomain: Popanda maudindo: Popanda maudindo: Mtundu: Subtype: Wosawerengeka: Kalasi: Subclass: Infraclass: Dongosolo: Bungwe: Banja: Subfamily: Gender: Onani: Finch
Choyimira bwino ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino kwambiri yotchedwa Passeriformes. Kunja, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mpheta wamba, koma mosiyana ndi iyo, imatha kusintha mtundu kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Pali mitundu yambiri yabwino kwambiri ya utoto ndipo m'nkhaniyi tikambirana za oyimilira otchuka a banja ili, kupereka zambiri zosangalatsa za moyo wa mbalame komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Monga mtundu wina, mitengo ya maloto idafotokozedwanso chapakati pa zaka za zana la 18 ndi katswiri wazowona zamanyama ku Sweden Karl Linnaeus. Panthaŵi imeneyo mbalamezo zidagawika kukhala banja logawikana, ndipo patatha zaka 100 malongosoledwe amitundu yonse ya banja ili adamalizidwa.
Komabe, monga kalasi yomaliza, ma reels adapangidwa zaka masauzande zapitazo. Mbalamezi zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mbalame kudayamba zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. Ku Egypt kale, mbalameyi idawonedwa kuti ndi mnzake wa dzuwa ndipo mawonekedwe ake anali olemekeza kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi chimbudzi chimawoneka bwanji?
Maonekedwe a Finch amatengera mtundu wake, komanso gawo lomwe akukhalamo. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya mbalamezi.
Oyimira akuluakulu ndi:
- canary canch mwina ndi mbalame zamitundu mitundu. Amakhala kuchokera kumapazi a kumapiri a Himalayan mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Ili ndi mtundu wowala komanso wachilendo. Chifuwa ndi kumbuyo kwa cholembera bwino kumakhala kubiriwira ndipo mapiko ndi ofiira. Mbalameyi imasokonezeka mosavuta ndi canary yeniyeni, yomwe imakonda kuchitika ngakhale pakati pa asayansi. Mbalameyi ndiyotalika masentimita 10,5, imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15 ndipo titha kunena kuti uyu ndiye membala wocheperako wa banja labwino kwambiri,
- reel chisamba - amatchedwanso alpine reel. Amakhala kumapiri a Alps pamtunda wamtunda wa 2000, ku Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians ndi mapiri a Central Asia. Zimasiyana osati mtundu wake wachilendo, komanso moyo wakhazikika, zomwe sizili zachilendo kwa mbalame zamtunduwu. Mtundu wa mbalame ndi yoyera-imvi ndipo kokha pakhosi pake pali malo ochepa akuda. Malipiro a chipale chofewa ndi ofupikirapo kuposa achibale ena onse. Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya chake chachikulu chimapangidwa ndi mbewu zolimba,
- Mozambique reel - mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala kumayiko aku Africa monga Mozambique, Tanzania ndi Zimbabwe. Ili ndi utoto wowala kwambiri. Zambiri za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yachikaso yowoneka bwino komanso yobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizioneka ngati parrot yaying'ono. Pomwe nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimasunga khomo kunyumba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa kumayiko ena. Kukula kwake, mbalameyi ndi yofanana ndi chinsalu cha canary ndipo imalankhulanso mosavuta ndi anthu. Mwa njira, dziko la Mozambique limadziona kukhala labwino kwambiri m'mapaki a mizinda yayikulu ku Africa ndipo silipewa kudya kuchokera kwa odyetserawo,
- reel achifumu - malo okhala mbalameyi - maiko akum'mawa monga Turkey, Iran kapena Pakistan. Komabe, chifukwa cha chikondi chachikulu, kutentha kwaulere kumapita ku India nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa ndizovuta kupirira ngakhale nyengo yozizira ya Turkey ndi Iran. Mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha zachilendo, malo ofiira pamutu, omwe ambiri amafanana ndi korona yaying'ono. Malo ofiira owoneka bwino modabwitsa pamitundu yakuda ndi imvi ndipo amaonekera patali kwambiri,
- Galapagos finch - mtundu wapadera womwe umakhala yekha kuzilumba za Galapagos. Linaphunziridwa ndi Charles Darwin, monga mtundu wopangidwa mwanjira zodzipatula payekha. Mokwanira pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yamalingo otere ndipo onse ndiosiyana wina ndi mzake maonekedwe, machitidwe komanso zakudya.
Mwachitsanzo, zilumbazi zimakhala ndi chitsimikizo chakuthwa, chomwe chimadya nyama yanyama ndikumwa magazi a mbalame zina. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuzilumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala chilala, ndipo magazi a mbalame ndi anyani amalola kuti ndalama izi kuthetsa ludzu lawo.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yonse yamapazi imadziwika ndi dimorphism. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake pankhani ya kunyezimira. Amuna ndi owala kuposa akazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kupeza zibwenzi nthawi yayitali.
Kodi Finch amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Reel ku Russia
Zidole ndi mtundu wa mbalame yomwe imasinthasintha nyengo yabwino komanso yolimba bwino ngakhale maulendo ataliatali pamtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri.
Mbalame izi zimamverera bwino mu Russia monse, kupatula zigawo za polar. Amakhalanso mmaiko ambiri ku Europe (kuphatikiza madera akumpoto monga Sweden ndi Finland). Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo yamapikisano imakhala ku Africa komanso kumaiko ena aku Asia.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamapikisano ndi mbalame zosamukira. Amachoka m'malo awo okhalamo m'mwezi woyamba yophukira ndikuuluka kupita ku nthawi yachisanu kupita ku India, Japan komanso kuzilumba zachilendo. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kupanga maulendo ataliatali mtunda wautali wa makilomita 3,000 ndipo zimagwirizanitsa bwino zochita zawo ngakhale pagulu lalikulu.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowerengeka, m'mbali mwa mitengo yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka m'mapaki kapena pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.Zingwe sizimawopa anthu konse, zimatha kudya m'minda ndikuchita modekha ngakhale zida zowoneka bwino. Komanso, nkhuni zakutchire sizisinthidwa mosavuta ndipo zimakhala kosayenera nthawi yayitali.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe ketelo lili. Tiwone zomwe zimadya.
Kodi ma finches amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame zosanja
Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana bwino komweko kumatha kudyera tizilombo touluka monga:
Musaganize kuti chimbudzi chimatha kusaka mlengalenga chabe. Izi siziri choncho. Mbalameyo imagwira bwino nyongolotsi, akangaude ndi mbozi pansi. M'malo mwake, zomerazi sizikhalanso patali ndi malo okhala munthu ndi minda yake. M'malo awa nthawi zonse mumakhala tizilombo tokwanira.
Ngati palibe tizilombo tokwanira, mbalame zimatha kusinthana kuti zibzalire chakudya. Choyamba, mitengo imayamba kudya nthangala, tirigu ndi rye, ndi mbewu zina zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, mbalame zimatha kusenda ma cones, maapulo a peck ndi letesi. Koma nyama zonse za m'mimbazi zimadyedwa pokhapokha ngati pali tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri. Ngati pali ntchentche zokwanira ndi agulugufe, ndiye kuti mbalame zamtunduwu sizisaka zakudya zam'mera.
Popeza mitengo yamtengo wapatali ikakhala kuti ili mu ukapolo, mbalamezi zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba. Mutha kuwadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi canaries. Mbalame ndizosangalala kudya chisakanizo cha canary, sizingakane mapira, zimadya mosangalala udzu wa nsabwe. Komabe, mphutsi za ufa, mphutsi (zogulitsidwa pamalo ogulitsa zakudya zilizonse) ndi kafadala zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pamapikisano okhala mu khola. Koma muziwapatsa chakudya chochepa pang'ono, chifukwa mbalame sizikudziwa muyeso ndipo zidzadya mpaka tizilombo titha.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Reel reel
Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kocheperako, mbalameyi imakhala ndi mapangidwe olimbitsa thupi ndi mapiko amphamvu. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti mitengo yamalamba ikhale yolimba m'mlengalenga ndikusangalala kuwuluka kwa maola angapo motsatizana. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona momwe mbalamezi zimasakira mwaluso komanso mwaluso m'mlengalenga, zimapanga zopeka nthawi ina ndikusintha mayendedwe othawa mwadzidzidzi.
Koma njira ya moyo wa mbalame imatengera magulu ake. Gawo la anthu abwino kwambiri amatsatira njira ziwiri, wina amakhala m'magulu a anthu 10-20. Koma ngakhale zokhala ndi mbalame ziwiri, mbalame zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri pachitsamba chimodzi mumakhala zisa 2-3.
Mwachilengedwe chake, mbalameyi imakhala mbalame yokondwa komanso yosangalala kwambiri yomwe imatha kuimba nyimbo zaphokoso kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Nyimboyi ndi yosakanikirana ndi ma trill komanso ma whistles a ma degree osiyanasiyana a tonion. Nyimboyi imamveka yokongola kwambiri amuna akamakopa akazi.
Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa, zimawuluka limodzi ndi limodzi kukapeza chakudya. Alibe gawo lofotokozedwa momveka bwino, koma ndalama zimayesa kusaka zokha. Koma zikafika nthawi ya ndege yozizira, mbalame zimalowa m'magulu a anthu 100-150 ndipo kuuluka kumachitika. Komanso, mbalame zimatha kudikirira mandala ndikupaka ziwerengerozo mpaka zitafika komwe zikufuna.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyimbo reel
Zidole ndi mbalame zodumphadwala. Amasankha wokwatirana naye moyo wawo wonse ndipo amakhala okhulupilika kwa wokondedwa wawo. Ngakhale akukhala m'thumba lalikulu, awiriwo amakhala moyandikana wina ndi mnzake ndipo nthawi zonse amawonetsa chidwi.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala, mitengo yamaluwa imalowetsa nthawi ya mating 1 kapena 2 pachaka. Ku Russia, mbalame zimayikira mazira kamodzi pachaka. Ku Africa ndi Galapagos, reels amaikira mazira kawiri pachaka.
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Amuna ndi akazi ali pantchito yomanga chisa limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, zitsamba kapena nthambi zoonda kwambiri, monga kutali ndi thunthu ndi nthambi zakuda, zimasankha malo okhala chisa.
Monga lamulo, chachikazi chimayikira mazira 2-8 ndipo nthawi yosaswa imatenga masiku 12-14. Wamkazi yekha ndi amene amachita kuwatchingira mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amakhala mchakudya cha iye, ndipo pambuyo pake anapiye.
Ana amakanda amabadwa amaliseche, patatha sabata limodzi amakutidwa ndi fluff, ndipo wamkazi amakhalanso otuluka mu chisa kuti adye. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mitengo yaying'ono ituluka chisa ndikuyamba kudzipezera chakudya. Kutha mu mbalamezi kumachitika mu miyezi 6-7, ndipo moyo wa reels umafika zaka 10-11. Kunyumba, mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 15.
Adani achilengedwe a reels
Chithunzi: Kodi chimbudzi chimawoneka bwanji?
Monga mbalame ina iliyonse, ma reel ali ndi adani okwanira. Choyamba, nyama zodya miyendo inayi zimayesedwa ngati adani achilengedwe.
Nyama zotsatirazi zimatha kulanda mbalame zonse zazikulu ndi zomangamanga mazira:
Nyama zonse izi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kukola mbalame yodwala ndipo sizidzikana kusangalala, zizisangalala ndi mazira atsopano. Pachifukwachi, mbalame zimayesetsa kumanga zisa momwe zingathere kuchokera kunthambi zikuluzikulu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
Palibe chowopsa pakugona kwa mazira ndi njoka. Ndipo ngati nyama zamiyendo inayi sizingafikire pachisa, ndiye njoka zimatha kukwawa ngakhale nthambi zowonda kwambiri. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amati ndi 50-60% yokha ya mazira omwe amasungidwa bwino ndipo anapiye amawaswa.
Kwa akuluakulu, mbalame zodya nyama zimatha kukhala zowopsa. Ziphuphu ndi ma fisi sanyansidwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono ndipo nthawi zonse zimawukira, muyenera kungoyang'anirani mphindi zochepa.
Zochita za anthu zimapangitsanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu. Ndipo chifukwa chokhazikika kwambiri pa luso lotha kusinthasintha komanso kuchezeka, ma finches amatha kusamalira manambala awo ndikukhala pafupi ndi anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Ziyenera kunenedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa nambala yeniyeni ya mbalame. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukula kwa mbalame, komanso malo okhalamo ambiri, komanso moyo wosamukasamuka.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa kwa akatswiri a zamankhwala, pafupifupi ma miliyoni 5-7 a mitundu yonse yam'madzi amakhala padziko lapansi. Kuchulukirachulukira ndi kuzimiririka siziwopseza mbalamezi, koma kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsedwa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa choti kumadera azithunzithunzi za mbalame anthu adayamba kugwira ntchito yomanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya.
Kuti mbalame izitha kubereka komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, imafunikira tizilombo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero chawo chakhala chikucheperachepera, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo chiwerengero cha mitengo chatsika.
Mantha akulu kwambiri amayamba chifukwa cha zobisika za anthu okhala ku zilumba za Galapogos. Awa ndi ma subspecies endemic, alibe kuchuluka kwa magazi atsopano ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kukuchepa. Komabe, saopsezedwa kuti adzazimiririka, chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wokhalitsa kuchuluka kwa mitengo mothandizidwa ndi kusaka kwanyengo. Pakadali pano, mitengo yamapikisano ikupezeka mu malo onse osungira nyama padziko lapansi, ndipo okonda mbalame amakhala pafupifupi mbalame 100,000 zamtundu uliwonse.
Mwana wokongola kwambiri ndi mbalame yosangalala komanso yachilengedwe yabwino padziko lonse lapansi. Ziwerengero zake ndizokwera, ndipo ma subspecies ake ndi osiyanasiyana. Chokwanira kunena kuti mdziko lapansi muli mitengo yamkati, kusankha zakudya zam'mera, ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali, kumwa magazi a mbalame zina m'malo osowa madzi.