Chuma cha Arctic | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulu la asayansi | ||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Subfamily: | Salimoni |
Onani: | Chuma cha Arctic |
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Kuchulukitsa pa anzeru | Zithunzi pa Wikimedia Commons |
|
Buku Lofiyira la Russia chiwerengero chikuchepa | |
Onani Zambiri Chuma cha Arctic patsamba la IPEE RAS |
Chuma cha Arctic (lat. Salvelinus alpinus) - mtundu wa nsomba zothimbidwa ndi ray za banja la nsomba, amapanga mitundu yambiri: yosamukirako, nyanja yamtsinje ndi nyanja.
Fomu yotsatsira malo chaka chilichonse imakhala kuzungulira Arctic Circle komanso madera akumpoto ndi kumwera kwa iyo (dera la circumpolar). Kudutsa Char kupita kukatulutsa mitsinje ya Norway, Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Murman, m'mphepete mwa Siberia kupita ku Ob, Yenisei, Pyasin, mitsinje ya Canada, Alaska ndi Greenland. Mafomu okhalamo amapezeka munyanja za Kola Peninsula, nyanja za Alpine, basini ya Baikal ndi mitsinje ya Far Eastern yomwe ikuyenda ku Gulf of Peter the Great. Mu beseni la Pacific, Arctic char amapezeka m'mbali mwa Asia ndi America kupita ku Korea ndi California. Ku Pacific Ocean, Arctic char imakonda kutchedwa malma (komabe, akukhulupirira kuti malma ndi mitundu yosiyana, Salvelinus malma ).
Kudutsa Char - nsomba ndi zazikulu, mpaka 88 cm kutalika ndi mpaka 15-16 makilogalamu, siliva, wokhala ndi buluu wamdima, mbali ndizakutidwa ndi malo akulu owala. Kudutsa char - nyama yolusa yomwe idadya nsomba zazing'ono za nsomba zina ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Kulowa m'mitsinje pongofera, chojambulacho chimakhala chakuda, msana wake umakhala wotuwa, mbali zake zimakhala zofiirira, zokhala ndi ubweya wa silvery komanso malo angapo ofiira kapena lalanje. Mitundu ya Lacustrine ya arctic char ndiwofalanso. Amamera ndikuyenda m'madzi, osapitilira iwo. Mtsinje wamtsinje wamnyanjayi ndi wocheperako kuposa (35-55 cm, wolemera makilogalamu 0.3-1.5). M'mawonekedwe ndi momwe amakhalira, amakumbukira kwambiri trout. Kuchuluka kwa Arctic char omwe amakhala ku Transbaikalia, limodzi ndi mbiri ya ku East Siberiya char ya a Davati Salvelinus alpinus erythrinusadalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ngati akuchepa m'chiwerengero (gulu 2).
Chingwe chodutsa pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri chimaphatikizidwira kupendekera kumunsi kwa mitsinje. Mtsinjewo umayenda magawo awiri: mu Juni ndi Ogasiti - Seputembala. Chitsamba cha kutuluka kwa nthawi yophukira ndi mawonekedwe a dzinja ndipo amabwerera kunyanja, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha. Tchati chofala chimamera m'dzinja komanso kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, nsomba zina, mwina nthawi yamasika. M'malo ena osungira, kuwaza char kumakulitsidwa kwambiri. Zomera zimatha kuchitika masana ndi usiku. Mu mtsinje wa Kara ndi m'mitsinje ya Novaya Zemlya, nyengo zamasika ndi nyengo yozizira zimadziwika pafupi ndi tchati. Char wachichepere amakhala mumtsinje kwa zaka 2-4. Chitsacho sichimapita kunyanja ndipo chimakhala kwambiri m'malo otetemera, m'chigawo chomwe mtsinjewo unabadwira. Nthawi yokhala panyanja, monga lamulo, sizidutsa miyezi 2-3. Pomwe imakhala mumtsinje, imadyako ma mbewa, ma crustaceans, mphutsi zamtchire, ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Akuluakulu amadya cod wosaya, gerbil, capelin munyanja, komanso vendace ndikusungunuka m'madzi. Imadyetsa, zikuwoneka, chaka chonse.
Komwe tchatiyo chimapezeka ndikufotokozera
Char char ndi a banja la nsomba. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Isukulu yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka mita imodzi ndipo imalemera oposa 10 kg., Imakhala ku Russia ku Far East. Mutha kusiyanitsa mitundu monga Arctic, lacustrine, Pacific, mtsinje, Boganidsky, mustachioed.
Malo omwe nsomba zimapezeka kwambiri ndi Pacific, Atlantic ndi Arctic Ocean. Itha kupezeka m'madzi oyera a ku America ndi ku Europe, mitundu ina imakhala ku Japan.
Nsomba izi zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi oyimira ena a banja la nsomba ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono, omwe sawoneka. Mutha kuganiza kuti nsomba “ndiyamaliseche” ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda chitetezo.
Ichi chinali chifukwa chomupatsa dzina lotere - Golets. Pa sikelo (kutengera zamitundu), mutha kuwona madontho amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe amabalalika mosiyanasiyana thupi lonse.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa nsomba zamakala
Nyamayo ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo ili ndi mankhwala olemera omwe amapangidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwa mavitamini, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa - Vitamini A (36 mg.), Vitamini B1 (0.14 mg.), B2 (0.12 mg.), B6 (0.3 mg.), B9 (15 mg.), B12 ( 1 mg.), Vitamini E (1 mg.), Vitamini PP (3 mg.) Ndi Vitamini K (0,5 mg.) Per 100 g. mankhwala.
Mwa zinthu zomwe ndikufuna kudziwa - Phosphorous (270 mg.), Potaziyamu (317 mg.), Sodium (51 mg.), Magnesium (33 mg.), Calcium (26 mg.), Copper (72 mg.), Selenium (12 , 6 mg.). Komanso chofunikira kwa mafuta acids amthupi - Omega 3.
Kalori nsomba chaza
Nsomba izi zimatha kuwerengedwa ngati zakudya zochepa zama calori, popeza nyamayi imangokhala ndi 135 kcal pa 100 g.
BZHU pa 100 gr. - Mapuloteni (22 gr.), Mafuta (5.7 gr.) Zakudya zomanga thupi (0 gr)
Kodi nditha kudya zingati patsiku?
Ngakhale zili ndi zofunikira zonse, sizikulimbikitsidwa kudya nyama ya nsombayi tsiku lililonse kapena kangapo patsiku, kuti musapitirire zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za mavitamini ndi michere yambiri yomwe tchalacho ili ndi chuma chambiri.
Malinga ndi akatswiri azakudya, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza nyama yamalaya nthawi zambiri kuposa nthawi 1-2 pa sabata, ndipo gawo liyenera kukhala pafupifupi 100-150 gr. kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi.
Zindikirani! Chidacho chimayilowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu kwa maola opitilira atatu.
Zosiyanasiyana za nsomba za char, mafotokozedwe
Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya nsomba sichinadziwikebe molondola: zimachitika kuti anthu amtundu umodzi amakhala m'madzi amodzi, osiyana maonekedwe, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake pakudya. Koma kholo lawo wamba limadziwika - ichi ndi Arctic char. Mwa malo, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya m'chiuno:
Ubwino wa nsomba
1. Omega-3 acid acids amathandizanso kukhala ndi cholesterol yamagazi, komwe ndi kupewa matenda amtima ndipo makamaka kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko, komanso kumalimbana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotupa.
2. Phosphorous ndi calcium zimangothandiza kuwonjezera kulimbikitsa minofu m'mafupa, komanso kukula kwa mafupa mwa ana.
3. Potaziyamu ndiyofunikira kulimbitsa komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwamankhwala minofu ndikusunga mchere wamchere mthupi.
4. Mavitamini a gulu B amawonjezera mphamvu ya thupi, imathandiza m'thupi, komanso amathandizira kulekerera komanso kupsinjika mosavuta.
5. Selenium imathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, imachepetsa kukalamba, imalimbikitsa kukonzanso thupi, imachepetsa chiopsezo cha zotupa zoyipa.
6. Nyama yakudya ya nsomba iyi ndi mankhwala abwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa. Zambiri zomanga thupi zomanga thupi komanso kusowa kwamafuta zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chabwino chamasana kapena chakudya chamadzulo chilichonse. Ngati mukuziwiritsa kapena kuwiritsa, ndiye kuti nyamayi ndiyothandizanso pakudya chamagulu azachipatala.
7. Vitamini A ndiyofunikira pakuthana ndi matenda a ophthalmic, amathandizanso kuti achire msanga mutatha kupanikizika.
8. Nyama yophika ndi gwero lachilengedwe la mankhwala omwe amathandizira kugona komanso kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ena.
Chothandiza ndi chiyani kwa amayi
Phindu lothina kwa akazi lingaganizidwe pokhudzana ndi kukonzanso thupi.
Akatswiri adagwirizana kuti pakamadya nthawi zonse nyama yamphaka, pakapita nthawi yochepa, mutha kuzindikira kuti khungu limakhala losalala komanso lopanda, ziphuphu zimachepa.
Ma antioxidants amathandizira kulimbana ndi mavuto abwera pakhungu, amalimbitsa dongosolo loyenda mthupi, komanso kukonza maselo mwachangu, komwe kumathandizira kuchepetsa kukalamba.
Char panthawi yoyembekezera
Nyama ya nsombayi imakhala yothandiza kwa amayi apakati komanso oyaka. Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa magnesium kumathandizira kuti mwana azikhala otetezeka komanso mapangidwe olondola a ziwalo za mwana wosabadwayo.
Munthawi ya kuyamwitsa, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza nsomba izi muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa mwana yemwe ali ndi mkaka wa m'mawere nthawi zonse amalandila mavitamini ndi michere yambiri yothandiza.
Kodi chida ndichotheka kwa ana
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyama ya nsombayi imakhala yofunika kulimbikitsa komanso kukulitsa mafupa mwa mwana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chamoyo chokwanira chikhale chokwanira.
Makamaka mwana amafunika ma magnesium kuti apange dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso selenium kuti alimbikitse chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuteteza thupi la mwana kuti lisatengere matenda.
Imayambitsa chatsopano cha chakudya cha ana, kuyambira zaka zitatu ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuti musayambitsa mkwiyo komanso kuwunika momwe mwana wakhalira ndi nsomba'yi.
Zomwe zimathandiza okalamba
1. Mukakalamba, pamakhala chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi stroko. Ndipo izi, monga zidalembedwa pamwambapa, zimatha kukhala ngati prophylactic motsutsana ndi matenda amtima.
2. Mwa anthu okalamba, fragility fupa limachulukana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achulukane pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake, nyama yamtunduwu imachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda.
3. Kukulitsa nthawi yaunyamata ndikuchepetsa kukalamba kwa thupi lonse ndikofunikanso kwa okalamba.
Momwe mungasankhire
Mukamagula nyama yozizira, chonde dziwani:
- Mamba azikhala a siliva okhala ndi mawanga m'mbali. Nyama iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso, kukhalapo kwa ma creases kumawonetsa mobwerezabwereza defrosting ya chinthucho. M ziphuphuzo zimayenera kukhala zolimba motsutsana ndi mtembo, zotumphukira ndi nthenga zapinki.
Ngati mutha kupeza nsomba zatsopano (zozizira), chonde dziwani:
- Mukakankhira pamtembo, pasapezeke mauni. Choyambirira chabwino chimakhala ndi maso komanso ma galoni apinki, fungo labwino.
Zindikirani! Ndikwabwino kugula mitembo mpaka 40 cm. Nsomba yachichepere yotereyi imakhala ndi zophatikiza zochepa komanso zitsulo zolemera chifukwa cha kanthawi kochepa kamoyo.
Momwe mungaphikirere char
Ndiwokonzeka kukonzekera, chifukwa sikofunikira kuti muyeretse kuyambira mamba, iyenera kutsukidwa bwino pansi pa madzi ozizira.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuphika, kuwira kapena kusaka nsomba, chifukwa mumasunga katundu wofunikira ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.
Ndizokoma kwambiri kuphika mu uvuni (kapena pa grill) mu zojambulazo ndi masamba kapena mandimu. Mutha kuphika khutu labwino kwambiri kapena kupanga nyama yodzaza ndi ma pie kapena ma pie.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwachangu charry, monga momwe caloric zake zimakulira, katundu wofunikira komanso kukoma kumachepetsedwa.
Mutha kuphwanya Char, koma pokhapokha ngati mukutsimikiza za mtunduwo, komanso kuti simunayambukiridwe ndi majeremusi! Popeza si tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tonse timafa tikamayamwa, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yotereyi kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.
Kubera nsomba: kuvulaza ndi kuphwanya
Ngakhale zili ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino, ndibwino kukana kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba izi:
- Kusalolera payekha komanso matupi awo sagwirizana (redness kapena zidzolo). Ngati simukutsimikiza za mtundu wa chalacho, musakane kugwiritsa ntchito malonda kuti musapeze poyizoni wa chakudya. Banja la nsomba limakhala lachiwiri pofalitsa matenda ndi tiziromboti (tapeworms ndi roundworms). Izi zimangotanthauza nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa m'madzi amtchire. Nyama, yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka majeremusi, imakhala ndi mphuthu zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mpunga, womwe, umalowa m'thupi la munthu, umakula ndikukula.
Zindikirani! Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito malonda mwanjira yake yaiwisi! Mphutsi zimafa pakumwa kutentha mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 mutawira.
Kanema: "Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi" ndi Elena Malysheva. Nsomba za Char - zopindulitsa, momwe mungasankhire, momwe mungasungire, momwe mungaphikire
Kulongosola kwa Sayansi Zamitundu
Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu yoposa 35 ya oimira awa. Amasiyana muzochitika zathupi komanso zakunja.
Kufotokozera kwa nsomba zamalaza zikuphatikizapo:
Kufotokozera ndi njira yamoyo
Malowa ndi ochulukirapo ndipo zimatengera mtundu wake. Mitundu yake yaying'ono yolemera mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu imakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu ikuluikulu ngakhale mitsinje yamapiri. Oyimira okulirapo a mtundu wolemera mpaka makilogalamu asanu amakhala ku Pacific Pacific kuchokera kumphepete mwa America kupita kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Arctic Circle. Koma kutali ndi malo omwe amawaza (pakamwa pa mitsinje) samachoka. Mango m'madzi oyera amapezeka, chifukwa amatenga, mosiyana, amapita kunyanja.
Ku Russia, amapezeka m'malo a Kola Peninsula, dera la Trans-Ural, m'chigwa cha Lake Baikal. Tchati chili ndi ma subspecies ambiri. Madera a Magadan ndi Kamchatka nthawi yomweyo pali mitundu 10, yomwe ndi yosiyana kukula ndi mtundu.
Thupi la nsomba zamtunduwu ndiwotalika, woderapo, wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono ndi zipsepse zazikulu, zofanana ndi silinda mu mawonekedwe. Wamutu waukulu wokhala ndi pakati, wokutidwa pamwamba, wokhala ndi milomo yosiyana. Pakufalikira, thupi limasintha mtundu ndikuchita khungu.
Zindikirani!
- mamba owonda. Pa avareji, nsomba zoposa 200 zimawerengetsera nsomba. zikuluzikulu zochokera kumutu kupita kumchira,
- thupi limakhala losalala ngati mawonekedwe a torpedo,
- mutu waukulu wamaso akulu,
- zipsepse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakhala ndi zigawo zamafuta. Kunja akuwoneka amphamvu komanso amphamvu.
- mawanga owala a pinki, abulauni komanso achikaso amwazikana thupi lonse,
- kukula kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira mpaka 65. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna,
- Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika pa 1 mpaka 3 kg,
- anthu oyenda panyanja ndi okulirapo. Kulemera kwakukulu mpaka 15 kg. Kutalika kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira kuchokera 70 mpaka 100 cm.
Kodi nsomba zamtchire zimakhala kuti? Oyimira ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu ndiofala m'malo a mapiri. Amakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje. Panthawi yophukira, amayamba ulendo wake m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Moyo
Kodi nsomba za char zimapezeka kuti? Oimira awa a banja la salimoni ali ponseponse pamtunda wakumpoto. Amapezeka m'madera akumapiri a Ural Range ndi North Caucasus. Amakonda madzi ozizira ndi nyanja zozama.
Boma, anthu awa amawadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wamtunda. Amakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya madzi. Nsombayi imakhala ndi moyo wofuna kudya nyama.
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, amakhala moyo wachangu komanso wosamukasamuka. M'dzinja loyambirira, limakhala ndi mazira ambiri, omwe pambuyo pake amasintha kukhala gulu la mwachangu.
Pakatha milungu iwiri, anthu atsopano amabadwa. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira amabisala pathanthwe kuchokera kwa mitundu yonse yazinyama.
Zakudya za nsomba
Kodi tchati chimadya chiyani? Mitundu ya nsomba imeneyi imatsogolera chakudya kusamukira. M'nyengo yozizira, amapita kumadera a nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere. Plankton, alogo ndi achilengedwe achichepere amapezekanso m'zakudya za anthu awa. Char imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yaying'ono ya cod, gerbil ndi navaga mu chakudya. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimakwaniritsa thupi ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimawalola kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Achinyamata amakula mwachangu ma crustaceans ndi mollusks. Izi zimachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo zimawonjezera moyo wa ku Arctic salmon. Nthawi zambiri moyo umakhala wazaka zitatu mpaka 12. Akuluakulu amalemera mpaka 50 kg.
Nsomba zakubadwa zaka 5 zimakonda kukhala payekha. Amakhala m'madzi akuya kwambiri ndipo amakonda kukhala opanda moyo. Sakonda kuyenda maulendo ang'onoang'ono osamukawo. Pakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masukulu a nsomba amapita kunyanja kukalemera ndi minofu yambiri.
Anthu ena amakonda kukhala pamalo otseguka kwa zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake, amapita kukayang'ana kukamwa kwamtsinje. Akaponya mazira, amabwerera kunyanja.
Asayansi akuwonetsa zabwino ndi zowopsa za char. Mapindu ake ndi monga:
- ma polacid okhazikika,
- mavitamini ambiri
- nyama yokoma ndi yamafuta.
Habitat
Posachedwa, tchalitchi chimagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Pesi la Pacific ndi Pacific
- Kuzungulira kwa Arctic
- gombe la Greenland, Alaska,
- alumali a Nyanja ya Barents,
- za. Sakhalin, Kamchatka,
- Lake Baikal,
- Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Kara ndi Japan.
Asayansi apeza kuti posachedwapa, nsomba zasamukira kumtunda wakumpoto. Amawoneka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Arctic. Mu chithunzi cha nsomba zamatsenga, okhala m'madzi amaimiridwa.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Asodzi ambiri akudandaula kuti: "Kodi nsomba zamtchire zimakhala kuti?? ”, Ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yankho lovuta. Kupatula apo, malo okhala banja lino ndi ochulukirapo. Mitundu ina imakhala m'malo awo kunyanjako, ina imatha kusamukira kumadzi amchere, komwe imakapeza chakudya. Mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba imakhala m'mitsinje yamapiri ndi mitsinje yayikulu.
Pali okonda moyo wam'nyanja. Tchalitchicho chimasinthidwa bwino ndi madzi ozizira, chifukwa charti ya mitundu yonse yamtunduwu imaganiziridwa kuti ndi tchalitchi cha Arctic, chomwe chitha kupulumuka mzaka zam'madzi pansi pa nyanja ya Arctic.
Pali malo angapo odziwika ku Russia, komwe nsomba za char zimakhala:
- Western Siberia,
- Kola Peninsula,
- beseni la Nyanja ya Baikal,
- Nyanja ya Pacific,
- Dera la Trans-Ural.
Nsomba zimapezekanso ku maiko aku Europe, makamaka akumpoto, koma nthawi zambiri malo ake amakhazikitsidwa ndi magulu, omwe ali ndi malo ammadzi amodzi.
Mtengo wa nsomba zamalonda zimatengera ma subspecies, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kulemera, kutalika ndi zofunikira za munthu. Chifukwa chake, otchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Chuma cha ArcticMitundu yakale kwambiri ya nsomba yomwe imapezeka m'madzi a Arctic Circle. Monga lamulo, iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yodula kwambiri, yolemera mpaka 16 kg.
- Lake char: amakhala ku Central Europe, kunyanja, kuchokera komwe sikumayenda mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imatha kupezeka mu nyanja imodzimodzi ndipo imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kukula.
- Brook char: amakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu yamapiri ku Europe, Caucasus ndi America. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi ma trout, omwe pang'onopang'ono amatulutsa mitsinje. Awa ndi anthu amtali omwe alibe mtengo wokwera pamsika.
- Tiger char: amakhala makamaka m'mitsinje. Zikuwoneka chifukwa cha mtanda wazomera ndi ma trout, koma asayansi ambiri amafanana ndi mtunduwu ndi char.
- Chiphatso cha Pacific: yotchuka ku Pacific, ndi yayikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi arctic char, kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwake. Dzina lina la mtundu uwu ndi Kamchatka nsomba char.
- Kandachalo Char: amapezeka m'mitsinje ya Far East, komanso munyanja imodzi kumpoto kwa Chukotka.
- Chowonera ku North America: yayikulu kwambiri pabanja lake, yopezeka m'madzi aku Russia, koma amakhala makamaka m'madzi ndi mitsinje yayikulu ya Alaska ndi Canada.
Ngakhale kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala munyanja, ndipo ngakhale nyanja yamchere, imayimba zanyanja char, simungathe. Chopitiracho sichitha kupita kunyanja, koma amakhala m'malo amtsinje womwe anasamukira kumadzi amchere.
Khalidwe la Char ndi moyo
Kunena kuti ndi nsomba yanji yovuta ndiyachilengedwe. Imakhala yopitilira, ndipo imakhala gawo limodzi la moyo wake m'madzi amchere am'nyanja ndi nyanja, ndikugawana mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amasamukira kufalikira.
Mitsinje yamadzi oyera ndiyofala, amakhala m'madzi, mitsinje ngakhale m'madziwe. Palinso Brook ndi aquarium char. Sichangu kwambiri m'zakudya ndi zachilengedwe, amatha komanso kukonda, ili m'madzi ozizira. Amalekerera nthawi yozizira bwino kwambiri. Chochi chimakonda kukhala chokha, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri kukumana naye muthumba.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kukula kwa mavu kumachitika nthawi yamasika, imayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, nthawi zina Juni. Ndisanayiwale, char nsomba tambala Mitundu yayikulu imayamikiridwa kwambiri pakupha nsomba ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri mumsika wa nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba yam'madzi yopanda thukuta imasankha malo ochepa m'malo osungirako, ndipo nthawi zina mitsinje, maenje, kuti apangitse mazimba ndi madzi ndi mpweya.
Nsomba zodutsa popanga kutulutsa zimatuluka munyanja ndipo zimayikanso mazira m'madzi abwino, nthawi zina mumchenga, komanso nthawi zina pamadzi apansi pamadzi. Chojambulachi chimafika pa kutha msinkhu pazaka zapakati pa 3-4, ndipo nsomba zonse zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 7. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyengo yakukhwima kwa nsomba iyi ndikuti amuna ndi akazi amayamba kusintha mtundu kuti akope mnzake. Phuma ndi ma tubercles amawoneka pamiyeso yawo yosalala.
Culinary katundu
Anthu ambiri akufuna kugula char, chifukwa chimakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso zinthu zambiri zofunikira.
Ndi yabwino chakudya chamafuta ngati chawotcha kapena kuwiritsa. Kuchokera pa char, zakudya zambiri zokoma zimapezeka, mwachitsanzo, steaks, khutu, mphodza. Imaphikidwa mwachangu, koma imafewa. Wotchuka komanso wokondedwa ku Russia mchere wamchere.
Marine kapena kuyenda
Woimira wamkulu kwambiri m'chiuno, iye imatha kulemera mpaka paundi imodzi (Makilogalamu 16) ndi kutalika mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi. Khungu lake ndi siliva, mbali zake ndi mawanga opepuka, kumbuyo kwake kuli kuda ndi thunzi lonyezimira. Ku Russia, imapezeka m'malo onse akumpoto:
- m'mitsinje ya kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean - Novaya Zemlya ndi Svalbard,
- m'mphepete mwa Kola Peninsula ndi mu Baikal Basin,
- m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Siberia ndi mitsinje yake yayikulu - Ob ndi Yenisei,
- kugombe la Far East la Pacific Ocean, mitsinje ndi nyanja zam'mphepete mwa Kamchatka.
Pakusintha kuchokera kumadzi amchere amchere kukhala madzi oyera amtsinje, kusintha kwina kumachitika m'thupi la nsomba: khungu lake limasintha - kumbuyo kumakhala mtundu wa bulauni, malo ambiri ofiira amasintha mbali zake, ndipo nyama imakhala yofiyira. Kutha kwa ubala kumabwera pazaka zisanu, ndiye kuti nyama zomwe zimayamba kudya zimayamba kuphuka. Nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira mpaka nyengo yachisanu ikayamba. Achichepere amakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje mpaka zaka ziwiri, kenako amatsetsereka kulowa m'madzi amchere amchere, kumalo a mitsinje.
Monga zilombo zam'madzi zilizonse, nsomba zofiira zomwe zimadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi zonse zomwe zimayenda m'madzi: mphutsi ndi mphutsi, crustaceans ndi mollusks samanyalanyaza nsomba za salmon, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto akulu kwa nsomba zofiira. Kunyanja, kusungunuka ndi vendale zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya, ndipo zilombo sizidutsa capelin kapena ana cod munyanja.
Zithunzi: Chithunzi cha Kum'mawa Kwambiri (zithunzi 25)
Charti yamadzi oyera
Loach Lake mosiyana ndi nzika zina zapamadzi zapamadzi, lacustrine imakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika ndipo sipapita kulikonse kuchokera posungira. Chimakhala, monga lamulo, pakuzama kopitilira mamita 40 ndipo sichimakonda kuwala, chimakopa matako ambiri ndi zogona pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Nsomba zimakonda madzi ozizira olemeretsedwa ndi okosijeni ndipo zimakonda kupezeka m'madzi amchere a m'nyanja.
Kukula kwa zilombo zam'madzi sizosangalatsa ngati mzake wapamadzi, koma pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, imatha kukula Masentimita 40 kutalika. Chosiyana ndi anzawo owoneka amtali, omwe nthawi zambiri samapitirira masentimita 20.
Maonekedwe ake, imawoneka ngati nyanjayi komanso wachibale wa mumtsinje. Ali ndi thupi logwirira nyama yolusa komanso yosamala utoto wake:
- kubwerera kwa maolivi mwamdima
- m'mbali mwake ndi laimvi ndi mawanga oyera achikaso,
- milomo ya nsagwada ndi yoyera ndi malire oyera.
Ku Europe, mtengo wa Geneva Pond, ndi wamtundu wapadera, umakhazikikidwanso m'madziwe ena momwe kale sanali kale.
Char char Ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi trout mitsinje - monga trout, zipse zake zimakhala ndi malire akuda ndi oyera komanso mawonekedwe owala kumbuyo kwamdima.
Mtsinje wamchere womwe unkakhala kumpoto kwa America ku Kamchatka, koma masiku ano ukhoza kugwiridwanso mumitsinje yaying'ono ya ku Europe, komwe anthu ake ambiri adachitapo kanthu. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chaukali, char imalanda malo okhala m'malo mwake.
Nyamayi imakonda kukhala ndekha m'dera lomwelo lopanda chokhala ndi mchenga komanso miyala yamiyala ndipo pansi pake. Masana sizigwira ntchito, zitaikidwa m'mchenga kapena matope, zikabisala pakati pa zitsamba, zimayimidwa m'miyala ndi pakati pamiyala. Usiku, amasaka ndikupeza chakudya chake, akusunthasuntha m'miyala yamiyala ndikumayamwa mitsinje.
M'chilimwe, madzi akatentha, tchalitchi chimakhala ndi nkhawa ndipo imathamangira pafupi, pomwe iye mwini amakhala woyamba kuseweredwa.
Zakudya za anthu akuluakulu zimakhala ndi ntchentche za caddis, kafadala ndi mphutsi. Mazira samadyedwa osati ndi nsomba zina zokha, komanso ndi zawo. Nthawi zina ngakhale algae amadyedwa. Kuthekera kwa kubala kumabwera mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, chimbale chimamera mchaka (Epulo, Meyi) - chimamera pa mwala, mchenga kapena miyala. Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira 6,000. Pamene tadpoles amatuluka mazira, iwo amanyamulidwa ndi njirayo kumadzi osaya, kumene amayamba moyo wawo pakudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala mumchenga. Kwakanthawi amagwira gululo, ndipo amakula - amakhala payekha.
Gwira tchati
Monga nsomba zina zilizonse zolusa, char kupota pa spinneramagwira nyambo mwachidwi, mopanda kukayikira. Komanso zabwino wogwidwa ndikuyandama ndodo - nyambo ikhoza kukhala chilichonse: nyama ya nsomba kapena nyongolotsi, kafadala ndi kashiamu wa char kapena nsomba. Nthawi yoluma - kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira m'madzi otentha, nthawi yozizira, kusodza kwa ayezi. Pofika nthawi ya tsiku - kutuluka kutuluka dzuwa ndi madzulo, dzuwa litalowa. M'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kufunidwa m'mayenje, m'malo ovuta kumene amasaka mphutsi.
Njira zogwira nsomba zimasankhidwa chimodzimodzi ngati usodzi wamba - zimayang'ana kwambiri dziwe komanso kulemera kwa nsomba. Malo omwe nyama zodyerazi zimakhazikikirapo pokumbukira kudzipereka kwake kusamba ndi madzi oyera ndi kuya, ngati madzi ayima. Ponena za njira ya usodzi, palibe chomwe mungasankhe apa: onsewo ndi abwino komanso osangalatsa - onse a chilimwe omwe ali ndi ndodo yoluka kapena yoyandama, ndikuwedza nthawi yozizira ndi ndodo yosodza.
Maphikidwe a Char
Loach - nsomba yopanda sikelo, yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imavoteledwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri onse azolowera. Amakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, nyama ya nsomba iyi imapindulitsa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, ndi:
- mchere - potaziyamu ndi calcium, mkuwa ndi chitsulo, sodium ndi magnesium,
- mavitamini a magulu osiyanasiyana,
- kupewa thrombosis ndi kugunda kwa mtima mafuta acids (kuphatikizapo omega-3).
Maunyolo amtundu wa ma Reloil amatenga chovala chovala chachikulu, cholemera magalamu 900, chomwe ndichabwino kuphika osachepera anthu awiri, osachepera banja lalikulu. Nsomba yotere imatha kukwana pafupifupi chilichonse kukhitchini. Awiri mwa maphikidwe ambiri amaperekedwa.
Chophika mkate - kuphika mu uvuni. Ichi ndi Chinsinsi cha chakudya chokoma, ndikukonzekera modekha (kuchokera pakuwona zakudya, zimapindulitsa). Zophatikizira:
- magalamu mazana asanu ndi anayi a nsomba
- anyezi ndi theka ndimu,
- mchere ndi zonunkhira zoti musankhe.
Padzani nsomba, chotsani zipsepse ndi mutu. Mchere, onjezani zonunkhira nthawi yomweyo. Dulani ndimu ndi mphete za anyezi mu magawo akulu - ikani gawo lachitatu la kuchuluka mkati mwa nsomba. Lalikirani zojambulazo ndikuyika nsombazo, mutayikapo kale ndikukutira anyezi ndi magawo a mandimu pamwamba, kukulunga.
Kuphika kwa theka la ola kutentha kwa madigiri 200. Zili ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chathanzi. Ndibwino kuphika mbatata zazing'ono pamphepete.
Chaza chokanda - Chinsinsi chosavuta komanso chothandiza kuphika, kukoma ndi kwabwino. Ndikokwanira kumata m'mimba m'mimba ndikutsuka. Kenako kabawa ndi mchere, kuwonjezera zonunkhira ndi marinade, kusiya kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ola kuti nsomba izitenga zosakaniza zonse. Mwachangu mu masamba mafuta, pre-yokulungira mu ufa. Masamba aliwonse akhoza kukhala mbale yakumbuyo. Patebulo, mkate wokongoletsedwa wokongoletsedwa ndi magawo a mandimu ndi zitsamba.
Zakudya zina zapa charti - Awa ndi ma pie okhala ndi penti wamtambo wapinki. Koma zakumwa zapadera ndizapamwamba zonunkhira ndi mchere, sizoyipa kuposa kusuta kwa pinki.
Kamchatka char
Yaikulu yamalonda nsomba yolemera 10-1 makilogalamu. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Bering. Amasiyana ndi mtundu wa Arctic pama stamens ochepa. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, mbali zake ndi zofiirira, pamimba pamakhala zasiliva pang'ono. M'thupi lonse, monga momwe amathandizira ena amatsenga, mawanga owala.
Kamchatka char amadya nsomba zazing'ono. Mukamadyetsa, iye amayenda pafupi ndi gombe pofunafuna masheya osungunuka, hering'i, ndi zonyansa. Zimatanthauzira zachilengedwe zosamukira komanso zochokera ku June mpaka Seputembeni m'mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mpaka pano, imasungidwa pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Boganid loach
Asayansi aku Siberian amatcha nsomba zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zilipo zomwe zili ndi ma omega-3 acids. Loopan wa Boganid amakhala ku Arctic, basin Khatanga, Nyanja, Keta, Glubokoe, Kapchuk, Sobachye. M'mitsinje mumapezeka madzi mu August-September. Komabe, kukula kwa ma subspecies awa ndiotsika, ndipo kutha kuwonedwa pafupipafupi.
Thupi la Boganid loach ndilokulirapo. Nsagwada yapamwamba ndi yotakata ndipo imafanana ndi chikwakwa. Caudal fin ndi lalikulu notch. Mimba ili pafupi kuyera, ndipo thupi limakhala lakuda, imvi. Pakutuluka, mbali ndi mutu zimada. Mwa amuna, ngakhale nsagwada zimasintha - panthaka pakuwonekera.
Mustachioed char
Zina dzina la nsomba zomwe zimatsogolera kukhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndizofala. Ndi gawo la banja la baloritorium oda la cyprinids. Ku Russia yaying'ono, amatchedwa Avdyushka. Mutha kugwiranso munthu wonong'ona m'madzi, m'mitsinje kapena m'mitsinje yomwe ili ndi mitsinje yofulumira komanso pansi. Amadikirira nthawi yozizira, yoikidwa m'manda.
Tchalitchi cha mustachioed sichimafika pam kukula kwakukulu komanso kutalika kwakukulu kuposa masentimita 18. Chowoneka ndi phokoso ndi katatu. Awiri awiri amapezeka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa lutilo, lachitatu lili m'makona a pakamwa. Mutu wa nsombazi umapanikizika pang'ono. Thupi limakhala la chikaso chagolide. Malo omwewo amakongoletsa zipsepse. Chakudya chachikulu cha avdyushka ndi zomera, ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi mphutsi zazing'onozing'ono.
Kusodza ndikuwedza nsomba za amateur
Usodzi wa nsomba zamtunduwu ku Russia ukuchitika kumadera a Czech Gulf, Novaya Zemlya, mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Kara. Imakumbidwanso m'munsi mwa Lena, Yenisei ndi Ob. Kusodza kumachitika ndi maukonde okhazikika kapena ochita kuponyera, komanso ndi zida zapadera - "mipanda". Ndi mipanda ya maluwa osakanikirana ndi mabatani.
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za usodzi ndi kuswana kwa nsomba zodula ndi zofunikirazi zakonzedwa. Malo abwino pazifukwa izi ndi Kola Peninsula.
Asodzi ku Amateur amagwiritsa ntchito zopota ndi ma spinner kuti apeze char. M'nyengo yotentha, mu Juni ndi Julayi, usodzi umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendera zonse. M'miyezi yotentha, kuwedza kwa ntchentche kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mothira matumba mosavuta pa nyambo za mphutsi kapena nsomba zosankhidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazikulu za salmon kapena zophimba mazira owala.
Kuwedza nsomba m'nyengo yozizira
Nthawi zabwino kwambiri za usodzi ndi Disembala ndi Marichi. Palibe nzeru kufunafuna matchire pamitsinje yomwe ikubwera nthawi ino. Pano amasungidwa pamoto. M'nyengo yozizira, tchati chimasunthira kufikira. Mitundu ya Nyanja imakonda kuya - maenje ndi maiwe.
Spining gwiritsani ntchito chingwe cholimba, chopepuka. Ma spoon ndibwino kuti mutenge oscillating kapena otembenuka, owumbika. Mtunduwo ndi siliva kapena wachikasu. Kuti achepetse kutuluka kwa nsomba, teloyo imalowetsedwa ndi mbewa ziwiri. Nthano zowonjezera ndi ngodya 90 °.
Char kuphika
Char ndi nsomba yokoma komanso yopatsa thanzi. Imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiirira, kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kununkhira kowala. Kulawa, amafanana ndi trout. Mafuta mu char mochepera, pang'ono poyerekeza ndi nsomba.
Mtengo wamafuta 100 g wa nyama yotere ndi 135 kcal okha.
Maminolo ofunika kwambiri omwe amapezeka mu char ndi calcium ndi phosphorous, omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga chigoba cha anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonetsedwa mosavuta. Pali magnesium yambiri munyama yake, yomwe imayang'anira chitetezo cha ma cell.
Chofunikanso ndizofunikira kwambiri zamafuta a omega, kudya pafupipafupi komwe kumawonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kupezeka kwa vitamini E, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi mavitamini enieni aunyamata. Mosamala, chida chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, kwa omwe akudwala matendawa - anthu ena amatha kukumana ndi zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yansomba. Popeza ndi mafuta mokwanira, ndibwino kuti ana azilowetsa muzakudya zowonjezera kuyambira zaka zitatu.
Chapa chophika mkate
Kuti nyama ikhale yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo, ndibwino kuti muziiphika ndi zojambulazo kapena malaya. Kupeza nsomba zowuma za nsomba ndikwabwino kuti tisamire. Ndikokwanira mchere, kuwaza pang'ono nsomba ndi mandimu, kuwonjezera tsabola wakuda ndi uzitsine wazitsamba za Provence.
Zimatenga mphindi 25 kuphika tchati yophika mu uvuni. Okonda Krisimasi amatha kuphika kwakanthawi.
Khutu khutu
Kuchokera ku trout (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa char chifukwa cha kukoma kwake), msuzi wa nsomba nthawi zambiri umakonzedwa. Kuti muchite izi, nsomba zotsukidwa ndikutsukidwa zimathiridwa ndimadzi ozizira, pomwe tsabola pang'ono ndi masamba angapo a bay akuwonjezeredwa. Pambuyo pakuwotcha, tchalacho chimaphika kwa mphindi 10-12. Nyama yochokera msuzi imayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuponyedwa miyala.
Msuzi womwe umasefedwera kudzera mu chidebe umabweretsanso chithupsa, mbatata ndi anyezi zimawonjezeredwa kwa icho. Masamba atakhala ofewa, khutu la char limatsanuliridwa m'mbale, ndikuwonjezera nyama yoyesedwa mafupa.
Momwe mungasinthire nyumba kunyumba
Pakuthira mchere, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitembo yayikulu - nyama yawo imakhala yonenepa komanso yathanzi. Ma kilogalamu angapo a char adzafunika 2 tbsp. supuni zamchere. Musaiwale kuwonjezera pang'ono (supuni) ya shuga - kukoma kwa nyama yake kuchokera izi kudzangokhala bwino.
Musanaike mchere pachikondwerero, ndibwino kuti musachotse khungu - limachotsedwa mutayamba kusanza. Finyani nsomba zodulidwazo mbali zonse ndi mchere ndi shuga, ndikukulungani mufilimu ndikuyika mufiriji. Pakatha masiku angapo, nsomba yokoma ndi onunkhira, kulawa ngati trout kapena nsomba, yakonzeka.
Char caviar kuyeretsa
Kuthira mchere kwa mtundu uwu wa caviar sikusiyana ndi kuyeretsa kwa caviar wa nsomba ina yofiira. Mu brine chisanadze kuwira (chisakanizo chamadzi ndi mchere), caviar imatsitsidwa kwa masekondi 20-30. Kanemayo sachotsedwa kwa iwo. Mazira amasunthika mosavuta kuchokera kwa iye pambuyo pakuwotha m'madzi otentha.
Brine yokoka ikuyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri. Pa kapu yamadzi muyenera kutenga 2 tbsp. supuni zamchere. Shuga amawonjezeredwa ku brine pang'ono - 2 tsp.
Mu caviar wobooleka kuchokera mufilimuyi, mafuta pang'ono zamasamba amawonjezeredwa ndikuyika mufiriji kwa maola 4-6. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, ikhale yokonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tizilombo tatsamba
Monga mitundu ina ya nsomba, majeremusi ambiri omwe amapezekamo siowopsa kwa anthu. Ndi zoletsedwa kudya zosakonzedwa bwino (osati zophika kapena zosaphika) nsomba zofiira zokhala ndi riboni, trematode ndi anisakides.
Nsomba zangofika kumene zimayenera kuthiridwa mchere kwa milungu iwiri. Pokhapokha ngati izi, ma helminths mkati mwake adzafa. Okonda tchati chamafuta amchere amatha kulangizidwa kuti ayike kaye mufiriji. Nsomba yozizira kwa masabata awiri pa kutentha kwa -18 ° C siowopsa - munthawi imeneyi tizirombo tonsefe timafa. Pa -25 ° C amwalira mofulumira - atatha maola makumi awiri ndi awiri.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Chowonekera kwambiri pachiwonetserochi ndi miyeso yake yaying'ono, yomwe imawoneka kwambiri ndi maso amaliseche. Ndi yoterera komanso yofewa, motero zimawonetsa kuti nsomba ndiyamaliseche. Chifukwa chake dzina la woimira banja la nsomba. Char mu chithunzi Zikuwoneka zokongola komanso zopatsa chidwi, zikuwoneka nthawi yomweyo kuti nsomba ndizopatsa chidwi, motero sizokongola zokha, komanso zothandiza.
Chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimasiyanitsa char kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya nsomba zofiira ndi kuchuluka kocheperako kwa zinthu zakuda pa thupi, kapena kusapezeka kwawo kwathunthu. Kutengera mtunduwu, mwina singakhale ndi madontho akuda, koma oyera, beige kapena pinki, chomwe ndi chizindikiro choyamba kuti mitundu iyi ya nsomba ili kutsogolo kwanu.
Komanso, machitidwe a Char ndi chikhalidwe chake: samangokhala kapena kusuntha. Kusamukira kwina kwamtundu wina kumayambitsidwa panthawi yopanga zipatso. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nsomba zimakonda kusungulumwa, zomwe sizipanga nthawi zoweta. Kulekerera mosavuta kutentha kwamadzi ochepa, char Nthawi zambiri amasintha malo. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama ya m'madzi am'madzi imasintha mtundu.
Ngakhale mitunduyi, kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi am'madziyi, magulu ake onse ali ndi machitidwe awa:
- thupi lathamangitsidwa, looneka ngati torpedo, lomwe limathandizira kuti madzi ayende mwachangu,
- mutu ndi waukulu, maso ndi akulu, wagundika,
- ndalama zochepa,
- nsagwada ya m'munsi ndi yolumikizana ndi kumtunda, kamwa ndi lalikulu,
- ngati pali mawanga, amabalalikana mwadzidzidzi m'thupi lonse.
- Mitundu yayikulu ya m'chigobo cha brackish ndi m'mimba opepuka, mbali zasiliva ndi msana wobiriwira; m'madzi oyera, kumtunda kwa thupi kumapeza timabowo tambiri tomwe timabisala.
- kukula kwa tchati kutengera malo ndi mitundu: anthu oyenda panyanja amatha kutalika kwa 1 m ndikulemera 15-16 makilogalamu, madzi am'nyanja oyera ndi ochepa - kutalika mpaka 50 cm kulemera 1.5-2 kg. Zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri ndi madzi abwino. Kuchuluka kwa munthu m'modzi kumatha kufika 30 kg.
Char nyama, malinga kuti yophika bwino, amaikidwa m'gulu la zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pofuna kuti mbaleyo ikhale yosakoma, komanso yathanzi, nsomba izi zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha koyenera.
Ndikosatheka kuwononga chinthu chamtengo wapatali ngati, pakukonzekera kwake, njira yophika ndi zojambulazo kapena yoboola itagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafuta a mafupa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msuzi wa nsomba.
Malo okhalamo a Char akuwonetsa kuti nthumwi ya nsomba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamtunduwu, zomwe zilipo zochuluka. Zina mwazodziwika ndi:
1. Arctic. Malinga ndi ichthyologists, uwu ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri womwe umapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kumpoto. Mitundu iyi ndi ina yamtengo wotsika mtengo. Zoyerekeza ndizazikulu kwambiri, zolemera makilogalamu 15-16, ndi kutalika kwa 90 cm. Munthu wotere amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa chake kugwira kwake sikuloledwa.
2. Lake. Mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa char, womwe suyamba kusamukira kumeneko. Ili ndi subspecies zingapo zomwe zimasiyana kukula komanso zakudya. Kutalika kwamunthu m'modzi ndi masentimita 45. Mbiri yolembetsedwa ya nyanjayi imafikira 30 kg ndi kutalika kwa 150 cm.
3. Brook. Mtundu wamtunduwu wa char umakonda kukula ndikuchulukana m'mitsinje yayikulu, mitsinje ndi mapiri. Amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma anthu ake ndi ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti adayamba kuthamangitsa madzi awa. Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa tiger char, omwe, malinga ndi asayansi ena, adawonekera chifukwa chakuwoloka kwa anthu omwe amadziona ngati amadzi am'madzi.
4. Pacific (Kamchatka). Anthu amtunduwu ndi akulu, pafupifupi 10 makilogalamu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi arctic ndi mitundu yawo. Mitunduyi imatchulidwa kuti ndi yosamukasamuka - nthawi yopanda zipatso, Kamchatka char char imayamba kusamuka kwakukulu kupita kumadzi opanda mitsinje ndi nyanja.
5. Boganidsky. Malinga ndi asayansi aku Siberia, mphatso yamitundu iyi imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma omega acids munyama yake. Chiwerengero chake ndi chochepa, motero ndizosowa kwambiri kukumana ndi nsomba zotere.
6. Mustachioed (avdyushka). Loach ndi gawo la cyprinid, lomwe limapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono, nyanja ndi malo osungira, pomwe pali pansi pamchenga komanso madzi othamanga. Nsomba zazing'ono sizimafika mpaka 20 cm. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mitunduyo ndi kupezeka kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Asanadye nyengo yachisanu, avdyushka amadzibisa m'dothi lamchenga pansi, motero palibe chifukwa chogwira nthawi imeneyi.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, palinso ma char-yellow-char, palia, davatchan, malma, etc. Ngakhale anthu ena amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi amchere, nsomba izi sizitchedwa marine. Cholinga cha izi ndikuti anthu okhala m'madzi samagawika kutali kunyanja, koma pakupezeka kwake, amakonda kukhala kunja kwa mtsinje womwe adasamukira.