Tiyeni tiyambitse nkhaniyo motere: "Predator. Imadikirira" njira "zolakwika za nsomba yomwe idadwala kuti imveke. Ndibwino kuti nsomba" yolumala "ikhale ndi mtengo umodzi wokha - pike ili pomwepo! Idzakhomera pa ambulansi. Ndipo imabweretsa matenda a nsomba. ndi nsomba. " Inde, nsomba zambiri zodya zimadwala makamaka, zofooka kapena zovulazidwa, zimalimbikitsa kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe ndipo potero kukonza, kuchiritsa mtundu wa nsomba. Achifwamba amtundu wamtunduwu wa zovala zakunja ndi mawonekedwe akutali sizachilendo kwenikweni.

Lufar ndiye nyama yolusa kwambiri, yolusa kwambiri chifukwa cha Nyanja Yakuda. Paulendo, iye akuwononga aliyense: hamsa, mackerel, sardine, mackerel, perches ,owsows, crock, garfish. Mwanjira ina, zinthu zonse zokhala pamizere, osafunsa za thanzi lawo. Ngati mungathamangire pagulu kapena kuthina, mavuto sangapewe. Anthu adazindikira izi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mwina sanazindikire, ngati nsomba za m'mabisine zitatha kudya nsomba zambiri zovulala, zoduka, zowuma, sizisambira pamadzi.

Lufar (chithunzi spinningist.com)

M'bukhu la E. R. Richiuti, "Okhala moopsa panyanja," wolemba akulemba kuti nthawi zina, poyendetsa gulu la nkhosa, poponyedwa m'madzi mochititsa mantha, iwonso amatuluka m'madzi pambuyo pake. J. Brown Good chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 adatulutsa nkhani pomwe adati Lufar sinadziwike mwadyera, mwamagetsi osadziwika, koma ozindikira, opindulitsa. Izi, zachidziwikire, sizokayikitsa. Komabe, ena m'mawu oterewa amapita patali. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa Man and Nature, yofalitsidwa ndi Massachusetts Odyubon Society, inauza anthu zambiri zomwe zinanena kuti "gulu lokhazikika limatha kudya osambira amoyo amoyo, ndikumusiyira chigoba chimodzi chokha." Richiuti, atawerenga mobwerezabwereza mabuku ambiri pa Lufar ndikuwateteza, alemba kuti sizongopeka zokha ndipo palibe milandu yaku Lufar yosambira yomwe idalembedwa kulikonse.

Lufari amasaka zonse ziwiri papulogalamu yamadzi ndi pamwamba pake. Ambiri okangalika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Komabe, mu izi sizomwe zili zoyambira. Malinga ndikuwona kwa J.I. Cousteau, nyama zambiri zodya nyama zimakonda kudya nthawi imeneyi. Amangochitira omwe amawazunza mosiyanasiyana. Pakati pakudya, ena amasambira mwamtendere pafupi ndi omwe adzakhuta mawa, ndipo akamadzaza, amadzidula ndikusula nsomba. Amayang'ananso uku, ngakhale atadya, kulavulira nyama kukamwa kwawo ndikugwira zotsalazo.Ndipo amatha kuwononga gulu limodzi, kulisiya ndikungothamangira linzake.

Ku Nyanja Yakuda, kutha kwa mackerel kuyambira mu 1967 kunalumikizidwa ndendende ndi kukuwidwa kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, Nyanja Yakuda, ngati sichulukitsidwa kale ndi mackerel, ndiye kuti mulimonse momwe zidalipo zambiri, ndipo idagwidwa ngakhale chifukwa cha "wankhanza", kenako mwadzidzidzi idadulidwa. Amodzi aomwe amadzisoka okha kuchokera ku 1966 mpaka 1969 adatenga malo amodzi oyamba. Asodzi aku England adakhulupirira kuti kutha kwa mackerel (mackerel) pagombe la Albion, nthawi yomweyo ngati yathu, kunalumikizidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa mabuluu m'madzi awo.

Asayansi ku Sandy-Hun Marine Laboratory ya National Marine Fisheries Service of America adawonera kusaka kwamtambo m'madzi akuluakulu ndikujambula chilichonse. Tidazindikira kuti pomenya nkhondo adaniwo amathyoka, amatenga nyama m'manja mwake, ndikugawana gululo. Nyama iliyonse imasaka nsomba, ikumayang'anira. Atatenga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa mita kuchokera ku chinsombacho, chamtambo chimatsitsa nsagwada yake yam'munsi, ndikukweza mutu wake, ndikutulutsa zokutira, ndikuthamangira kwa wozunzidwayo. Gawo limodzi lachiwiri, lisanakhale ndi nthawi yokumeza ndi kusaluma pakamwa, buluu adagwira nsomba yotsatira.

Amatha kudya nyama yake mwachangu kwambiri motero zimavuta kutsatira njirayi. Zimadziwikanso kuti chilichonse chazidutswa chimachotsa chidutswa chimodzi kapena ziwiri kuchokera pachakudya (ngati chili chachikulu mokwanira), kapena kuluma mchira wake kapena mutu, kusiya zina zonse kuti zisambire pamalo omenyera. Ndiye chifukwa chake, atachita zazikulu zazikulu za lufarine, mafunde ndi nsomba zoponyedwa, limodzi ndi michira ndi mitu, amaponyedwa pagombe ndi mafunde ndi mafunde. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ndendende ndi izi, Lufar adatchedwa "grinder".

Popeza gulu lalikulu laosaka nkhosa, wina angayembekezere kufooka kwachangu pakati pa phokoso pakudzisakira. Komabe, apa iwo sakukwera mpaka par. Opusa. A. Zagoryansky, wolemba buku la "Chinsinsi cha Pansi pa Madzi Padziko Lapansi", alemba kuti, atakumana ndi Lufar, kumupha kuchokera pamfuti yapansi pamadzi ndikosavuta. Satha kudziwa zomwe zingathawe. Imayamba kukangana, kuyimilira mbali imodzi kapena imzake kuti iponyedwe. Alinso osathandiza pokhapokha ngati sukulu ya ma dolphin amaso abuluu itha kufikira ndikuyendetsedwa ndi ma dolphin. Wokhala m'misempha, ma dolphin amadya mwamtendere ma corsairs oyenda magazi - lufar.

Bluefinch amachita mosiyana ndi ena akagwidwa ndi mbedza. Kenako amapatsa zabwino zonse. Amamenya, kukana kwambiri, kuyesera kuchoka, ndipo kuyesayesa kwakukulu ndi nthawi ndiyofunikira kuti iye akhale m'boti. Zimachitika kuti kulimbana ndi Lufar yayikulu kumatenga maola. Asodzi ayenera kukumbukiranso kuti kudya chingwe chomwe chimakhala chotalika kwambiri cha lufar sichitengera chilichonse, ndiye kuti leashes iyenera kukhala yachitsulo.

Wodabwitsawu umawoneka ngati uwu: thupi ndi lamphamvu, looneka ngati mawonekedwe ake. Pali zipsepse ziwiri zobiriwira, imodzi ndi yopanda msonkho ndipo imalondola poyambira kumbuyo. Lachiwiri ndiofewa, yolira ndi fumbi. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwamtambo kapena kwamtambo wakuda komanso wamtambo wabuluu. Mimba ndi yoyera. Kutalika - 1-1.1 m, kulemera kumafika 20 kg. Maso ndi abwino, owoneka bwino kwambiri.

Edible kuchokera ku inedible imasiyanitsidwa mosazindikira, osati ngati shaki zokhala ndi zotsekemera ndi suti zam'mimba zawo. M'mafakitale, nsomba zokha ndizomwe zimapezeka m'mimba. Ali ndi pakamwa lalikulu, mano owongoka pa nsagwada. Kutha mu zaka 1-2. Amachokera ku chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyanja. Caviar yoyandama. Pakadutsa zaka zambiri, caviar yoyera amatha kupezekanso m'nkhalango za cystozira. Achinyamata amalosera pafupifupi kuchokera ku "ma diaper". Choyimira-masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu tsopano chikuthamangitsa kale shrimp ndi nsomba za nsomba.

Nyengo yozizira ya Luffari Nyanja ya Marmara. Zikufalikira ku Gulf of Guinea kokha. Kudyetsa nafe ku Nyanja Yakuda. M'banja la Lufarev pali mtundu umodzi ndi mtundu umodzi. Ndipo ndizabwino kuti, mwinanso zingakhale zoyipa kwa Black Sea ichthyofauna. Nyama iyokha imakoma. Imakhala yamtengo wapatali pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo anthu wamba aku Europe ndiwo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chodzigulitsa m'mafakitale ndi masewera.

Adayitanitsa Lufar m'maiko osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ku Bulgaria - lafar, ku Turkey - luffer, ku Italy - ballerino. Anthu aku Italiya mwina amapereka msonko kwa kuwombera kwa Lufarin pamadzi panthawi yomwe anali kuyendetsa nyama. Chifukwa ballerino.

Ziwonetsero

Zosankha za bulugulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi pelagic kapena nyama zazing'ono - ndizoyenda mahatchi kapena mullet, hering'i, nkhanu ndizofanana, ndipo sizipewa mphutsi.
Nsombayo imadziwika kuti imakhala chilombo cholusa kwambiri ndipo, ikafunafuna chakudya, bluefin imadula mwachangu m'madzi ndipo nthawi zina imatha kudumphira pamwamba kufunafuna. Nthawi zina atadya, amachotsa zomwe adya ndikusambiranso usodzi. Achichepere mpaka atakula nthawi zambiri amapeza nsomba zazinkhanira zazing'ono, ndipo atafika 11 cm kutalika amasinthana ndi mndandanda wa nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa.

Usodzi

Kumapeto kwa zaka 60 zapitazi, asodzi aku Ukraine ankawedza matani mazanamazana chaka chilichonse. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kunayamba kuchepa ndipo panthawiyi iwo anali atatsala pang'ono kusiya kuigwira, ngakhale ku Turkey, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda yomweyo, asodzi sakupewa.
Komanso, nsomba zimalowa mu maukonde omwe amakhala, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zimagwira kwambiri m'malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi maukonde kapena ukonde.

Nyama ya Lufar ndi yokoma, imakondedwa chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake. Mutha kudya nsomba zatsopano, zouma kapena zamchere.

Mafani opopera nsomba amasaka kuti asale pang'ono kuchita masewera. Amadziwa kuti ndibwino kuti nsombayo ilume m'mamawa m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene nsomba zomwe zili kusaka ina. Asodzi akudziwanso kuti kudula, ndizovuta kukoka ubweya m'madzi - umakana mpaka pomaliza, kuphatikizapo mwadzidzidzi kutsikira, mozama ndipo njira yolanda ikhoza kutalika kwa maola ambiri.

Lufar

Bluefin ndi nsomba ya pelagic, imatsogolera moyo wopambana. Ndizoyimira mwamalamulo. Amakhala ku Nyanja za Nyemba ndi Azov, komanso ku Atlantic ndi Indian Oceans. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, imasamukira kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo nyengo yotentha Nyanja ya Marmara. Lufar nthawi zonse amasuntha kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita kumalo ena, amakonda kukhala m'malo otseguka.

Nyamayi yadyera yam'madziyi, Bluefin ikudya hamsu yambiri, garfish ndi hering'i, imagwira nyama yake mwachangu komanso mwadala. Thupi la nsomba'lo nlosasunthika, lopendekeka kuchokera kumbali, yokutidwa ndi mamba yaying'ono. Pakamwa pakamwa pomwe palinso lakuthwa kwambiri ngati tsamba la mano. Kumbuyo kuli ziphuphu zakunja ndi zam'mbuyo, zamkati zimapangidwa mopanda mphamvu komanso zochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ena. Bluefin amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10. Wokulira wamkulu amafikira 40-50cm, kulemera kwa 5-6kg. Kulemera kwambiri komanso kukula kwa nsombazo kunalembedwa 14.4 kg, 130 cm. Kutha msambo kumachitika pazaka 4-5, kumayamba kuchuluka kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August. Nsomba ndizochulukirapo, munthu wina amaikira mazira miliyoni. Fryasi zimabadwa patatha masiku awiri, atatu, zimadyetsa zooplankton, crustaceans yaying'ono, ndi mphutsi. Lufar siigwirizana ndi nsomba zamalonda, koma mu nsomba zam'madzi ndizofala kwambiri. Nsomba imakhala yachilendo, ngati imawopa, ikhoza kulumpha zisanu pamwamba pamadzi. Asodzi, asodzi a Lufar amatcha nsomba zowuluka.

Nyama ya Bluefin imayamikiridwa kwambiri, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe opaka, ofatsa komanso okoma, amaphika, amawotcha ndi kuwotcha.

Koyang'ana ndi nthawi yoti ugone

Msodzi wopanda nzeru nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti kugwira nsomba munyanja ndikosavuta monga matupi amadzi atsopano. Ndidaponya pang'ono ndikudikirira ndikudikirira kuti nsomba ndiyambe kukulira. Koma kusodza panyanja sikuli ngati kuwedza nsomba pamtsinje ndikuvuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze nsomba zam'madzi zikuluzikulu zam'nyanja. Seagulls ikuthandizani kuti mupeze nyama yolusa. Kukhazikika kwa mbalame pamwamba pa madzi zikusonyeza kuti bulufini amasaka nsomba zam'madzi, pomwe madzi m'malo ano amawira. Zotsalira za nsomba zitatha kudya, zimangodya mosangalatsa. Bluefin imagwidwa kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Novembala kuphatikizika, mutha kuwedza nsomba kuchokera kugombe komanso kuchokera m'bwatomo. Koma sankhani nthawi, m'mawa dzuwa litatuluka, kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Nsomba imagwidwa bwino nyengo yotentha, yofunda, sakonda kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha ndi kamvuluvulu wamphepo. Mphepo, nyanja ikuwomba ndipo ma buluzi amayandama munyanja.

Zomwe angagwire Lufar

Bluefish imagwidwa bwino pa spinner kutsanzira garfish kapena hamsa. Mutha kupanganso chosinthira nokha, mumangofunika mbale yazitsulo 110 * 12 * 4mm. Imafunika kukulimbikitsidwa, momwe ikuyenera kukhalira ngati hamsa. Koma ngati simukufuna kuwononga nthawi ndikupanga zida, mutha kugula yotsiriza. Tee No. 10-12 ayenera kuyikika pa sipinachi, ndipo pakumapeto kwa sipinala ndi chingwe chokhala ndi usodzi nikizani swivel ndi carbine, imakulolani kuti muchotse mwachangu komanso mosavuta chosakanizira. Nsomba zodya ziwirizi zimakodwa pa ndodo yopota yoluka yomwe ili ndi mbedza ziwiri. Ndi chida ichi, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi coil opanda inertia nanu. Muyenera kuwerengera nsomba kuchokera pagombe, m'malo omwe mitsinje yamapiri imalowa, ingotaya nthawi yayitali ndikuyendetsa kukopa kosaletseka kuti kukhale kopanda madzi. Monga lamulo, a lufari amatsata kukopeka mpaka kugombe, pomwe lufar, yemwe anali wotsalira kwambiri pasukuluyo, mosayembekezereka patsogolo pa nsomba zina zonse ndikuyigwira mwamphamvu kukopeka. Ndiye kuti nyambo iyenera kukhala ikuyenda nthawi zonse. Monga nyambo, gwiritsani hamsa kapena sprat, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mtundu wa nsomba ndi siliva, umakopa bluefin. Koma kumbukirani kuti simudzatha kupeza fanizo lalikulu kuchokera kumtunda.

Nsomba ikadzakhala m'manja mwanu musataye chidwi, chifukwa kuyimitsa kumatha kuluma mwamphamvu pachala. Samalani!