Mayina: nkhanu zamadzi oyera, nkhanu zamchere za Caucasian, Potamon.

Dera: mitsinje ya Mediterranean, Wakuda ndi Nyanja za Caspian, Zilumba za Aegean (Krete, Naxos, Samos, Ikaria, Kos, Karpathos, Rhodos), kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Turkey, Kupro, Syria, Israel, Palestine.

Kufotokozera: nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano - pang'ono pang'ono amoyo wokhala ndi madzi. Zithunzi pamtunda wautali ndizolowera kwambiri. Pansi ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa: mwa akazi magawo am'mimba amakhala owongoka, ozungulira, amuna amuna ndi ochepa.

Mtundu: bulauni lakuda pamtunda, kuwala pansipa.

Kukula kwake: carapace m'lifupi mpaka 10 cm.

Kulemera: zazikazi - mpaka 72 gr.

Utali wamoyo: mpaka zaka 10-15.

Habitat: mitsinje, nyanja, madamu okhala ndi madzi oyera kapena pansi pamadzi (olimba komanso pang'ono pang'ono). Khansa yamadzi oyera imapezeka pakuya kwa masentimita 50. Mu nkhalango zonyowa imakhala m'malo opanda chofunda komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka mu konkriti zogulitsa konkriti ndi mu ngalande. Samakhala m'madambo komanso mafinya osakhalitsa. Amatha kukhala m'madzi ndi mchere wa 0,5%. Samalekerera nkhanu madzi ndi acidity yayikulu.

Adani: jay, akhwangwala, hedgehogs, martens, otters. Msodzi wamkulu (trout, barbel) umagwiritsa nkhanu zazing'ono.

Chakudya / Chakudya: Chakudya chosiyanasiyana: crustaceans amphipods (gammarus), nsomba yamoyo / yakufa ndi mwachangu, algae, mollusks, mphutsi, etc. Zakudya zimasiyanasiyana nthawi ndi nthawi.

Khalidwe: nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimagwira ntchito madzulo ndi usiku. Amakhala nthawi yambiri m'madzi. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri m'madzi 10-22'C. Nthawi zambiri amakwera pamiyala ndi pazomera, mpaka pamadzi. Popanda madzi, imatha kukhala ndi moyo masiku atatu, ndi chinyezi chachikulu masiku atatu. Pakakhala zoopsa, imatsikira m'madzi mwachangu, ndikukweza mtambo wambiri kuchokera pansi ndikuyenda kwa miyendo ndikuzibisala, ndikugwera pansi kapena pansi pa miyala. Ili ndi gawo lake, lomwe limateteza kwa alendo osadziwika. Crab yamadzi oyera imabisala pansi pamiyala komanso m'makungwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja (50-300 cm kutalika). Nora amatsogolera m'madzi. Kamodzi pachaka, achikulire molt. Imachoka nyengo yachisanu (pamtunda wa 2-3 ° C ndi pansi) m'makola, pansi pa miyala. Kuzizira kumatenga miyezi 4-5.

Kakhalidwe: kusilira.

Ntchito: nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimaberekanso zogonana. Amuna akufunafuna zazikazi maphako, kulowa pakati pawo pomenya nkhondo. Nthawi zina ndewu imapha. Mnyamatayo akwanitsa kugwira mkazi amene wang'ambika kumene, akumutembenuzira kumbuyo kwake ndikumuwonjezera spermatophore kwa iye. Akazi amavala zotupa za caviar pamiyendo, pansi pa bere. Mazira achichepere - 70-500. Nthawi yakukonzekera, wamkazi amabisala m'malo obisika pansi pa miyala m'malo otetezedwa.

Nyengo / nyengo yakubzala: kasupe, kutentha kwa + 18 ° C ndi kupitilira, nyengo yakubzala iyamba. Nyengo ikhoza kutambasuka.

Kutha msinkhu: zazikazi - pambuyo 3, amuna - pambuyo 4 zaka.

Mimba / makulitsidwe: Masiku 20-30.

Zobadwa: Palibe gawo la mphutsi zam'madzi. Kuchokera ku mazira, mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka kale, zomwe zimangokhala pamiyendo yamimba ya amayi kwa masiku ena 8-10, kudya chakudya chotsalira. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala mamilimita 2-3. Kukula mwachangu. Pakadutsa masiku 20-25 atawaswa, amadyera msipu wobiriwira komanso bulauni pawokha. Khwawa la ana limachitikira m'magulu. Pambuyo pa molt woyamba, mphutsi zimasandulika kukhala nkhanu zazing'ono, zimayenda pansi ndipo zimayamba kukhala ndi moyo womwewo ngati akulu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine.

Zolemba:
1. V. Bukhardinov. Usodzi ndi Usodzi 8/1981
2. G.A. Mamonov. Nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano

Ngongole: Portal Zooclub
Mukasindikiza nkhaniyi, kulumikizana kwothandiza kwa gwero ndi MANDATORY, apo ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo kumaonedwa kuti ndikuphwanya lamulo la "Law on Copyright and rights rights".

Crab yamadzi oyera (Potamon potamonis olivi)

Uthenga aniwur »Feb 17, 20:11

Potamon potamonis olivi, aka "madzi oyera" nkhanu.

Mitunduyi ya nkhanu imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, komanso m'milambo ya Tiligulsky ndi Sukhoi, komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Azov ndi Don yotsika ndi Nyanja ya Caspian.

Crab iyi imatchedwa madzi oyera chifukwa idatengedwa kuchokera ku mitsinje ya ku Europe ndikusankha madera ozungulira.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti nkhanu "yamadzi oyera" yasankha matupi amadzi abwino.

Kukula kwa "madzi oyera" ndi kocheperako: mainchesi ake cephalothorax ndi masentimita 2,5 mpaka 2 okha.

Mtundu ulinso wosiyana: mwina ndi wakuda, kapena ngakhale wakuda.

Kusiyana kwazachidziwikire ndizodziwikiratu: nkhanu zachimuna nthawi zonse zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazikazi, ndipo ndizolinso "zida" zamanja zamphamvu.

Ndiosavuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, ngati mutayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a gawo lam'mimba mwawo. Chifukwa chake, mwa akazi gawo ili limakhala lozungulira, lotalikirana, pomwe cham'mimba chimakhala choloza.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nkhanu zimakonda masamba a chomera, algae, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, nyama ya nsomba yakufa (zovunda), ndi zina zambiri.

M'malo ogwiritsa ntchito panyumba, nkhanu sizimasiyanasiyana pazofunikira kwambiri: sizipeputsa chilichonse chomwe anthu amadya. Komabe, pakadali pano pali zakudya zamagulu angapo zomwe zimapezeka pamsika.

Poyamba, chakudya cha crustacean chimakhala ndi mchere womwe umangokulitsa chitetezo chake, komanso umagwira monga chida chomangira chophimba. Ndipo chachiwiri, chakudyachi sichimakhudzana ndi madzi: ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nkhanu ndi akhwangwala azigwire ndi zopindika zawo.

Muli nkhanu za "madzi oyera" mutha kukhala padera kapena malo wamba amadzi.

Nkhanu sizimapanga zofunikira zapadera: dothi limakhala ndi mchenga, miyala ingapo, matalala, chipolopolo, zadongo zina - chilichonse chimamukwanira ngati izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pogona ndi nyumba. Kuvomerezeka pamaso pa masamba: nkhanu ngati kucha.

Monga chivundikiro choyenera kwambiri cha masamba: Javanese moss angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Magawo a madzi azikhala motere: kutentha 20 - 21 digiri Celsius, acidity - osalowerera, i.e. 7.0 Ph, kuuma kwa 15-25 dH.

Ziphuphu sizifunikira kuwala kowala, kotero mutha kudziletsa kuti muchepetse.

Compressor yofunika: mpweya ndi wofunikira ku nkhanu moyo.

Sipangakhale chofunikira kuyika amuna amuna awiri mu aquarium imodzi: padzakhala nkhondo, ndikuthothoka kwa miyendo. Ngakhale miyendo iyenera kubwerera.

M'madzi okhala ndi nsomba, nkhanu imamva bwino ngati palibe mitundu yankhanza. Koma pali zovuta: nkhanuyo imasilira ndipo imakondwera ndi chisangalalo, ngati simupatsa akazi oyembekezera munthawi yosiyanasiyananso.

Ndikofunika kusunga wamphongo wamwamuna m'modzi ndi awiri kapena awiri mu aquarium imodzi: ndiye kuti palibe mavuto.

M'nyengo yakukhwima, umuna umachitika, pambuyo pake zazikazi zimapeza pothawira.

Ndikwabwino kusamutsa mkazi ndi caviar, kwakanthawi, ndikumakhala mumtsuko wina wosakanikirana, komwe kuli koyenera kukonzekera moyenerera (ndiye kuti, madzi, mbewu, malo okhala, chakudya). Onetsetsani kuti mwaphatikiza zosefera ndi zotsatsira kumeneko: moyo wa akazi ndi ana amtsogolo zimatengera izi.

Pambuyo pa masabata 4-5, nkhanu zimawonekera kuchokera ku mazira: ndi ochepa kwambiri - 2 mm mulifupi. - Pakadali pano, njira yodyetsera ndiyofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kumawadyetsa ndi zosakaniza zapadera zodyetsa nyama zazing'ono, komanso nyongolotsi zazing'ono (nematode, kachilombo kamene mumapezeka magazi, nyongolotsi ya ufa.

Zosamalidwa

Ma azariamu ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanu. Mikhalidwe ya moyo itha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu, koma ambiri amafanana:

• Korona sitha kutchedwa kuti wokhala m'madzimo. Mitundu yambiri imafuna kukhalapo kwa malo amadzi, momwe nyamayo imatha kupita kumtunda kapena mosinthika, kumiza kwathunthu m'madzi.
  Nkhanuyo ili ndi matumba ndipo imatha kupumira m'madzi. Pamtunda ndi pamtunda wamtunda, pamwamba pa mapilowo ndi ochepa, kotero kupumira m'madzi kumakhala kovuta kwa iwo.
• Monga gawo lapansi, timiyala ting'onoting'ono kapena mchenga wamtsinje timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti muzilimbitsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kwenikweni, zosefera zokweza mpweya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa, zomwe, kuwonjezera pa kunyowa, zimayeretsa madzi.
• Malo ambiri obisalamo amaikidwa pamtunda ndipo malo otentha bwino amapangidwira pomwe crustacean imatha kuyimitsidwa ndikupuma. Kutentha, zingwe zamafuta, mafuta ophwanya ndi nyali ndizoyenera.
• Kuyandikana kwa nkhanu zam'madzi ndi nsomba ziyenera kuletsedwa, chifukwa zimatha kukhala nyama mosavuta, makamaka usiku. Ndi mitundu yamadzi am'madzi, imakhala ndi nsomba zomwe zimasambira molingana ndi madzi kapena pafupi ndi pamwamba.
• Kutengera mtundu wosankhidwa wa nkhanu, muyenera kusankha masamba. Mitundu ina sikugwirizana bwino ndi maluwa, kumangokumba ndikudya masamba aliwonse. Zina, m'malo mwake, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo ndi mbewu zokhwima kwambiri.
• Monga cr craceansans, nkhanu zimazindikira kupezeka kwa organic kanthu m'madzi. High nitrite ndi ammonia zitha kuvulaza nyama. Pazifukwa izi, Zosefera zimayikidwa mu gawo lamadzi ndipo dothi limathiridwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chachilengedwe. Musaiwale za kusintha kwa sabata kwamadzi.
• Nkhanu sizigwirizana bwino osati ndi nsomba zokha, komanso ndi anzawo. Kutengera ndi kukula kwake, munthu m'modzi adzafunika kuchuluka kwa malita 50. Amuna samakhala nawo limodzi, akumakonzekera ndewu imodzi yomwe imayenera kupulumuka.
• Chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kulipidwa pakumveka kwamchere wamadzi. Ngakhale nkhanu zimatha kukhala m'madzi oyera, mitundu ina m'chilengedwe imakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi opanda mchere. Kutalika ndi moyo wa crustacean zimatengera izi. Pachifukwachi, madzi mu malo am'madzi ndi bwino kuthiridwa mchere ngati mitundu ya nyama ikufuna.
• Kukhalapo kwa chivundikiro pamadzi ndiyofunika, popeza nyama yonyamula nyamayi imapeza njira yochoka kwawo. Ngati nkhanu idathawa ndikubisala, muyenera kuyikapo mbale yamadzi m'chipindacho kapena chala chonyowa - crustacean wopanda madzi posachedwa ayamba kufunafuna chinyezi.
• Nthawi yakusungunuka, ma arthropod amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa chake munthawi yovutayi ndikofunikira kukonza malo okhala chifukwa cha nkhanu momwe angatetezere. Palibe cholakwika ndi kusungunuka - nyamayo imakula panthawiyi, kutaya chipolopolo choyandikira. Koma ngati ichulukira pafupipafupi, crustacean imatha mphamvu ndipo alibe nthawi yakukonzekera nthawi yovutayi.

Kupanga mikhalidwe ya moyo wa nkhanu sikovuta kwambiri, koma ntchitoyi sitingayitenso kuti yosavuta. Kwa asitikali am'madzi, izi zingakhale zovuta kuyesa kuti adziwe mphamvu zawo. Oyamba kumene amalangizidwa kuti azilingalira mosamala zabwino ndi zoipa, komanso kusankha mawonekedwe osavuta posamalira.

Mitundu ya nkhanu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku aquarium

Mitundu ya nsomba zazinkhanira zazifupi ndizochulukirapo, ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti mitundu yambiri yatchuka kwambiri pakati paokonda kunja. Tsoka ilo, mu ukapolo nkovuta kuti pakhale nyengo zoyenera kubereka, ndipo nkhanu zambiri zimagwidwa kuchokera kumalo achilengedwe, choncho nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zodziwika.

Mu gawo lino, tikambirana mitundu yotchuka yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri pamsika.

Utawaleza

Woimira nsomba zazifupi-zamtunduwu amatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: tricolor, achifumu, nzika, indigo. Komabe, dzina lodziwika bwino ndi nkhanu za utawaleza (Latin Cardisoma armatum, English Rainbow Crab). Dzinali limafotokozeranso bwino utoto wa nyama - nkhanu imakhala ndi miyendo yamtambo-yamtambo ndi miyendo yofiyira. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti chifukwa chiyani anthuwa amakhala m'malo abwino kwambiri ndipo amawoneka kuti ndi okongola kwambiri kuposa nkhanu zonse za m'madzi.

Korona wamitundu itatu amakula mpaka kukula kokulirapo - m'mimba mwake imatha kufika masentimita 16. Cholengedwa choterocho chimafunikira malo okhalamo ambiri - kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 50x40. Kuti mukhale ndi nkhanu zingapo, mumafunika malo okula otalika a mita 1-1.5 ndi gawo lalikulu la mitundu zogona: pansi pa madzi ndi pamtunda. Ndikofunika kuzisunga imodzi ndi imodzi, chifukwa ngakhale anthu opanga ma sisitimu samatha kuyenda m'misewu yopapatiza.

Mwachilengedwe, nkhanu za utawaleza zimatsogolera moyo, kumadzibwera m'madzi okha kuti inyowetse zojambulazo. Kuzama kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita ndi zilumba zowuma. Pansi pazikhala mulingo wokhala ndi dothi momwe mabakiteriya ophatikiza nayenso amadzala. Muyenera kuwonjezera zipolopolo zophwanyika, tchipisi cha nsangalabwi ndi miyala yamchenga kwa icho. Izi zimathandizira kuuma kwa madzi, potithandizira kusintha kwa nkhanu kuzolowera nyengo zatsopano. Kamodzi pa sabata, madziwo amasinthiratu, ndipo dothi limaphwanyidwa.

Pamtunda, nkhanu imakumbapo mabowo akuya, motero arthropod imakupatsirani kukomako. Mutha kukongoletsa malo am'madzi ndi miyala, mbewu zolimba, zokhala ndi zipolopolo za kokonati ndi miphika yodongo. Snag sayenera kumizidwa m'madzi, chifukwa amasintha chilengedwe munjira ya acidic.

Wokhala kuno wotentha amakonda kutentha - kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala 25-26 ° С ndi kutentha kwa mpweya - 28 ° С.

Pali nthawi zina pamene nkhwangwala za utawaleza zimasungidwa m'madzi oyera okha, koma kwa moyo wabwinobwino amafunikira mchere, makamaka panthawi yoyamba kugula. Onjezerani supuni 1 yamchere yamchere ndi madzi okwanira 8 malita. Mchere ndi wofunikira makamaka pakasungunuka.

Kukula kwa molting mu nkhanu za utawaleza kumatengera zaka. Achichepere amalira nthawi zambiri - nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10. Akuluakulu amatha kusungunula mpaka kawiri pachaka.

Nkhanu zokongola

Woyimira wina wowoneka bwino komanso wosazolowereka wa nsomba zazinkhanira zazifupi ndi nkhanu zokongola (Latin Uca rapax English Fiddler crab). Kutengera ndi malo okhala, mtundu wamtunduwu umatha kukhala wosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera ku imvi kumtondo wamtundu wa olive. Nthawi zina anthu odabwitsa amitundu yayitali amapezeka.

Khwangwala wochititsa chidwi uja anapatsidwa dzina chifukwa cha amuna ambiri ovala zopanda pake. Imapakidwa utoto wowala wa lalanje ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa akazi. Wamphongo amakweza chovala chake, ndikufotokozera za komwe angakwatire ndi kuthamangitsa othamanga.

Crab iyi imatsogolera makamaka njira yamoyo, chifukwa chake kuya kwa gawo la madzi sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 3. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera mchere kumadzi - supuni 1 yamchere yamchere pa 10 malita a madzi.

Kutentha kwambiri kwamadzi ndi 24-25 ° C, mpweya - 25-29 ° C.

Nkhanu zofiira

Crab yaying'ono yokongola, yosavuta kusamalira. Posamalira, amawoneka ngati utawaleza, amangofunika mavoti ocheperako am'madzi.

Crab red mangrove (Latin: Perisesarma bidens, English Red Mangrove crab) amakula mpaka 4-5 masentimita ndipo ali ndi mtundu wolemera wa burgundy. Pansi pa dzinali, mpaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya ma mangrob nthawi zina amagulitsidwa, koma mosamala ndi ofanana, ndipo ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe amatha kusiyanitsa kunja.

Nkhanu zofiira.

Nkhanu yachi Dutch

Khwawa la Dutch kapena Black Sea rythropanopeus (lat.Rhithropanopeus harrisii) ndi amodzi mwa nkhanu zochepa zomwe zimakhala bwino m'mizinda yam'madzi ndikuberekera mwa izo. Anabweretsa ku Russia kuchokera ku Netherlands ndi zombo mu 30s. Posakhalitsa adazika mizu kumunsi kwa Don, mitsinje ya Caspian ndi Black Seas.

Mutha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi mizere yodzaza bwino, wobzalidwa bwino ndizomera zam'madzi. Nsomba zazikulu zachi Dutch zam'madzi zingabzalidwe ndi nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zamtchire zikusambira mu makulidwe kapena pafupi ndi pamwamba komanso popanda zinsalu zophimba.

Madzi mu aquarium amayenera kukhala opangidwira mpweya ndi waukhondo, wokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kosefera kwamphamvu. Panthawi yakusintha, siphon ya nthaka ndiyofunikira.

Akazi amaswa mazira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako mphutsi zimatuluka. Amasambira m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikudyera pa zooplankton.Kwa mwezi umodzi amadutsa magawo 4, kukhala cholembedwa chochepera cha makolo awo ndikukhala pansi.

Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kupulumuka kwa mphutsi za Dutch crab, muyenera kukhalabe aukhondo mu aquarium. Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, madzi ayenera kuthiridwa mchere pang'ono (oposa 0.3%).

Mfumu nkhwangwa

Khola lachifumu lachifumu (lat. Paridwephusa pantherina, English Panther crab) - m'modzi mwa oimira ochepa mwa nkhanu zamadzi amchere. Mwachilengedwe, ndi wokhala m'madzi okhala ndi mchere pang'ono komanso wopanda mchere ku Indonesia. Ili ndi khungu losangalatsa: Mawonekedwe a bulauni amwazika pazinthu zonona zonona. Kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi miyendo ndi 10-12 cm.

Amakonda zamchere ndi madzi olimba, koma amathanso kuzolowera ndale yolimba kwambiri (10 ° dH).

Kudyetsa

Chakudya chopangidwa moyenera ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi, chitukuko komanso moyo wautali wa aquarium crustaceans. Muyenera kudyetsa nkhanu ndi zonse zomera komanso nyama. Kuwerengera kwake kumadalira mitundu. Monga lamulo, mu chakudya cha nkhanu zamadzi zam'madzi ndizakudya zambiri zomanga thupi, sizifuna kudya zamasamba. Koma ndikuchokera ku fiber komwe ma crustaceans amatenga zinthu zonse zofunikira kuti zitheke bwino ndikupanga chophimba cha chitinous.

Mutha kudyetsa nkhanu zam'madzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya:

• chimfine,
• wopanga chitoliro
• nyansi
• Artemia
• nyama yosenda
• ma shrimp
• nsomba zam'nyanja,
• chakudya ndi spirulina.

Ndi nkhanu za pamtunda, zinthu ndizosiyana. Ndikosatheka kuziwonjezera ndi chakudya chama protein. Chakudya chiziperekedwa pamtunda kuti madzi asaonongeke. Zakudya zomanga thupi zochulukirapo zimayambitsa kukula kwambiri komanso kusungunuka pafupipafupi.

Chokwanira chokwanira chazakudya m'zakudya za nkhanu zam'munda zitha kuthandiza kusunga zina mwazomera zokongoletsedwa m'munda wamadzimadzi.

Mutha kudyetsa nkhanu zam'munda ndi chakudya chotsatira:

• omelet osakanikirana ndi nettle
• letesi loyera, dandelion, masamba a nettle,
• nkhaka zochepa, zukini, karoti ndi masamba ena,
• apulosi wochepa pang'ono, peyala ndi zipatso zina osati zokoma kwambiri (monga gwero la vitamini C),
• nsomba zam'nyanja ndi shrimp monga njira yowonjezera mapuloteni.

Masamba owuma ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya kwa mitundu yonse ya nkhanu, chifukwa imakhala gwero la fiber, yofunikira pomanga chitin.

Simungagwiritse ntchito nyama yamagazi ofunda, okhathamira, zakudya zotsekemera ndi mchere, buledi, pasitala, mbatata, nthochi.

Nkhanu sizingatchulidwe wamba. Ndibwino ngati ogulitsa akudziwa chisamaliro choyenera cha katundu wawo ndipo atha kufunsitsa ogula pamalopo. Koma mulimonsemo, zomwe zili zoyenera ndi udindo wa mwini, ndikofunikira kuyandikira nkhaniyi mwachikondi komanso mwachidwi.

Komabe, nkhanu ndizosangalatsa kwambiri okhala, ndizosangalatsa kuziyang'ana, makamaka panthawi yakudya ndi kukonza nyumba.

Chikhumbo chansomba sichogawidwa ndi aliyense, koma ambiri amafuna kukhala ndi oseketsa okhala kumadzi. Okonda zachilendo amatembenukira ku nkhanu za crustacean. Ziwetozi zimakopa obereketsa omwe ali ndi mitundu yowala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana.

Pangani malo abwino

Ankhwawa am'madzi amchere ndi osangalatsa okhala m'madzimo. Zowona, pali phanga limodzi: sangathe kukhala m'madzi opanda nthaka, choncho mwiniwakeyo akukumana ndi ntchito yovuta - kupanga aquaterrarium. Izi zipatsa nkhanu malo abwino okhala, zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka kuthengo.

Malo okhala ndi aqua-terrarium ndi abwino kwa anthuwa; amaphatikiza kupezeka kwa madzi ndi malo. Chifukwa chake, nkhanu imatha kudziwa komwe ili. Chinyama chanu chimatha kusankha kupuma m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena kuzizira m'madzi. Zilumba zamiyala ndi masamba ndizofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba yabwino.

Ganizirani komwe dziwe lidzakhale, ndikuyika miyala ikulu, yomwe idzasanduke mlatho pakati pa madzi ndi nthaka. Sikoyenera kumiza mitengo yamatabwa achilengedwe m'madzi, chifukwa kulumikizana ndi madzi nthawi zonse kumabweretsa njira zowonongeka zowonjezereka. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka m'boma lamadzi.

Popeza nyamazo sizikhala m'madzi pafupipafupi, muyenera kuganizira zopanga mafuta oti nkhanu zimatha nthawi yayitali pansi pa nyali. Dziwani kuti payenera kukhala mlatho wabwino pakati pa dziwe ndi nthaka. Ikani nyali pamwamba pa chimodzi mwa zisumbu zamtunda ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi wowona oyang'anira anu akutenthetsa zipolopolo zawo pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawonjezera kukulira kwa molting. Kusintha pafupipafupi kwa chipolopolo kumachotsa nkhanu, chifukwa thupi lake silikhala ndi nthawi yopeza michere yambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi limagwira ntchito kuvala, komwe limafupikitsa moyo. Kuti izi zisachitike, sinthani kutentha pamalo otentha kwambiri mpaka 25 digiri.

Sizoletsedwa kubzala mbewu zobiriwira mu aquaterrarium. Koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti nkhwangwa zokhala ndi mbewa zimayesetsa kuzikumba. Ngati mwasankha nkhanu za theka, ndiye kuti dziwe liyenera kupangidwa laling'ono kuti petilo liziikidwa pamenepo 1/3 ya kutalika kwake, koma osachepera 5 cm. Malo abwino okhala ndi madzi ndi 2: 1 ya Grapside ndi Potamonidae, motero, kwa otsala 1: 2.

Kukonzekera yankho lomwe mungafunike:

• Malita 10 a madzi oyera,
• Supuni 1 yamchere,
• Njira zowonjezera kukhwimitsa.

Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa pampu yamagetsi yamphamvu ndikusanja mu dziwe. Kusunga nkhanu kungaoneke ngati ntchito yophweka, koma kutsatira malamulo ena kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kucheza ndi nzika zosowa:

1. Sinthani sabata iliyonse mu dziwe gawo la madzi kuti ayeretse,
2. Kuteteza madzi
3. Sungunulani dothi kamodzi pa milungu 8 iliyonse.

Nthawi zambiri nkhanu zakutchire zimabisala zokhoma. Ndiye muyenera kubwera ndi malo ngati amenewo. Ikani pansi pa mwala waukulu kapena nthambi yayikulu yosangalatsa. Mbali yodziwika ya moyo wa nkhanu ndi gawo lotsekedwa komanso losamalidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yanu idzakhalanso kusankha kwa malo ambiri okhala. Monga malo okhala, miphika ya dongo, nyumba zomangira, ndi tsango lamiyala ndizoyenera.

Khazikitsani microclimate

Pansi pa aquarium, timiyala kapena mchenga wowuma timathiridwa. Chonde dziwani kuti gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la ebb-tide kapena dontho wamba.

Dontho ndi chinthu chosavuta kwambiri. Kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna:

• Hose clamp,
• Micro compressor
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono.

Dongosolo lonse ndi ndege. Mitundu ya mpweya imakwera m'mphepete mwa madzi ndikunyamula gawo lamadzi. Mukatsitsa pansi payipi, madzi ambiri amathiridwa. Yesani ndi kupezeka kwa mpweya mpaka mutapeza mphamvu yothira, ndipo osati kutuluka kwamadzi kokhazikika. Nthaka yonyowa kwambiri imakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu, komwe kulemera kwake kumatha kubowola, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwina pali mwayi woti afe petetayo.

Njira yachiwiri ndiyovuta kwambiri kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Dongosolo la ebb-mafunde limapanga mlengalenga wofanana ndi nyama zamtchire, zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu pa kukula kwake komanso thanzi la nkhanu.

Kuti mupange, muyenera:

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nthawi, mutha kukhazikitsa nthawi yofunika "mafunde". Sankhani kusintha kwa mphindi 15. Pa nthawi yakumwa madzi, mchenga uyenera kusefukira ndi pafupifupi ½. Chifukwa chake mumakwaniritsa chinyezi mosalekeza. Madzi osefukira, madzi amakhala mu thanki yowonjezera. Mulingo wake uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi akuwonjezera kukula kwa madzi pamadzi ochepa. Ikani bokosi louma la biofilter mumtsuko kuti muyeretse madzi.

Ndikhale ndi ndani?

Osadandaula kuti padera paokha kupatula nkhanu kumakhala kotopetsa. Osatengera izi, bambo wamphwayi komanso wankhanza sangalekerere oyandikana ndi abale. Amagonetsedwa payokha kapena wopakidwa ndi mkazi. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chachimuna ndi chachikazi ndikosavuta: mwa azimayi pamimba (pamimba) ndi yotakata, mwa amuna ndi yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhanu zachimuna ndizokulirapo komanso zowala.

Ngati, komabe, pakufunika kuti nkhanu za nkhanu zizikhala m malo am'madzi amodzimodziwo, aliyense wamwamuna ayenera kukhala ndi "malo okhala" ake osachepera 35 x 30. Ndikofunika kupatula ziwembuzo pogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera. Koma ngakhale izi sizingakhale chitsimikizo cha kukhalira limodzi mwamtendere.

Ankhanu amatha kumvana ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono zam'madzi ngati guppy endler. Amawona nsomba zokulirapo ngati chakudya ndipo adzayesa kugwira ndikudya "anansi". Bwino osakhala pachiwopsezo!

Zodyetsa?

Chakudya cha akhwangwala chimangogwira - amasankha zakudya mosamala nthawi yomweyo ndi zibwano ziwiri ndikubwera nazo pakamwa. Kudyetsa anthu oterewa ndikosavuta. Zakudya zawo zimatha kupangidwa ndi zakudya zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium, komanso masamba, zakudya zam'madzi ndi nyama, komanso nsomba zam'nyanja.

Chakudya chanyama (tinthu tating'onoting'ono, magazi, nkhono, zidutswa za nsomba, squid, shirimpu, nkhuku) siziyenera kupitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya. Mutha kupatsa masamba ena aliwonse (kupatula mbatata), owiritsa kapena otsekemera ndi madzi otentha ndikudula muzing'onoting'ono. Amadyera omwe mumawakonda adzakondwera - letesi yoyera, nettle, sipinachi, dandelion.

Kuswana

Akapolo, akhungu samaswana nthawi zonse modzifunira. Koma ndikakhala oyera, odyetsedwa bwino komanso osamalidwa, ndiye kuti nkotheka kubereketsa ana a nkhanu zatsopano m'dziwe lanyumba. Nkhanu zimasakaniza caviar, nthawi zambiri m'miyezi yotentha.

Yaikazi pamimba imasaka mazira, ndipo nthawi yakamerera ikatha - imawaponyera m'madzi amchere amchere. Mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onozing'ono zomwe zimatulutsa mazira, omwe amatuluka nthawi zambiri kwa masabata opitilira 6-8, pang'onopang'ono zikufanana ndi akulu.

Lumikizanani ndi Aqua-STO!

Monga mukuwonera, Aquarium wabwinobwino sayenera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino wa nkhanu. Akatswiri a kampani ya Aqua-STO athandizira kupanga zabwino kwambiri pa nkhanu zamtundu uliwonse. Mutha kupeza zambiri mwatsatanetsatane mwakuyimbira foni tel ..

Crab yamadzi oyera, yomwe imatchedwanso nkhanu zam'madzi zatsopano za Caucasus, imakhala ku Mediterranean, Caspian ndi Black Sea.

Ziwawa zam'madzi zatsopano zimapezekanso kuzilumba za Aegean: Samos, Naxos, Krete, Ikariy, Rhodos, Kos, Karpathos. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimakhala ku Turkey, Syria, Kupro, Palestine ndi Israel.

Kufotokozera za nkhanu zamchere

M'lifupi mwa nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano muli masentimita 10. Kulemera kumafika pa gramu 72.

Carapace imakhala yokhota kumapeto kwa njira yautali. Mu potamones ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa kugonana: mwa amuna, cham'mimba chimaloledwa komanso yopapatiza, ndipo mwa akazi chimakhala chozungulira. Mbali yakumtunda ya nkhonoyi ndi ya bulauni, ndipo mbali yakumunsi ndiyopepuka.

Malo okhala a Potamon

Ankhwawa amadzi oyera amakhala m'mitsinje, m'madziwe, m'madziwe okhala ndi madzi oyera pansi panthaka. Mchere wofooka wokha ndi madzi olimba ndiwofunikira kwa iwo.

Nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimapezeka pakuya kwa masentimita 50. Amatha kukhala m'malo onyowa komanso pafupi ndi dziwe m'nkhalango. Nthawi zina nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimapezeka mu ngalande zochita kupanga ndi kuthirira. Amatha kukhala m'madzi ndi mchere wa 0,5%. Ndipo salola madzi ndi acidity yayikulu.

Madzi Opanda Nyalala

Nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano za Caucasus - chilako. Amakhala ndi moyo pang'ono, amakhala ndi moyo ndi madzi. Nkhanu zamadzi amchere zimagwira usiku ndi usiku.

Nthawi zambiri nkhanu izi zimakhala m'madzi. Kutentha kwambiri kwamadzi pa nkhanu izi ndi madigiri 10-22. Nthawi zambiri amakwera mbewu kapena miyala pamwamba pa madzi. Ankhwawa am'madzi oyera amatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa masiku awiri, ndipo ngati chinyezi ndichokwera, ndiye kuti masiku 3-4.

Nkhanu zamadzi amchere zimakhala patsamba lawo, zomwe zimateteza mwachangu kwa alendo osapezedwa. Amabisala pansi pamiyala kapena m'makumba m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kutalika kwake kungakhale kuchokera 50 mpaka 300 metres. Mabowo awa amatsogolera m'madzi.

Chaka chilichonse, achikulire amaba. Pakutentha kwamadzi madigiri 2-3 kugwera hibernation. Kuzizira kumatenga miyezi 4-5.

Zakudya za nkhanu zamadzi oyera ndizosiyanasiyana: crayfish amphipods, mwachangu, tinsomba tating'ono, mollusks, nyongolotsi ndi algae. Zakudya zimasintha nthawi ndi nthawi.

Adani a potamons ndi hedgehogs, jay, martens, otters. Nsomba zazing'ono zimagwidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu, monga barbel ndi trout. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano kumafika zaka 10-15.

Moyo wamakhalidwe a potamons

Amphaka amphongo amphongo amphongo akuwonetsa malo okhala. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndikhwangwala m'madzi oyera ndi nsomba, chifukwa nkhanu zimatha kuzisaka.

Mphesa zamadzi oyera ndizowawa, cannibalism ndiyotheka. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano zimatha kudziwa kukwera bwino ndikuthawa nthawi yoyamba.

Kubzala Madzi Opanda Utsi

Kukonzekeretsa nkhanu za kubzala, zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa madigiri 16-20, ndipo kasupe amachepetsa madziwo mpaka madigiri 15.

Kuchulukitsa kwa aquarium yosinthika kuyenera kukhala malita 150-200. Kutentha kwamadzi mkati mwake kumakhalabe mpaka madigiri 22-24, dH mpaka madigiri 20 ndi pH 8-10. Kuchepetsa kusefa kumapangidwira mu aquarium yosinthika, yomwe imayambitsa kutuluka koyenda.

Mphutsi zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mutabadwa mu aquarium yatsopano. Zomera zimasungidwa m'malo osaya osaya. Madzi mmenemo azikhala oyera ndi olimba. Mulingo wamadzi ndi masentimita 2-4. Achinyamata amadyetsedwa fumbi lamtopola, detritus, tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ma mollusk, ma magazi am'mimba, chakudya cha nsomba ndi algae yonyansa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .