Kite wakuda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Makanda |
Subfamily: | Kites |
Onani: | Kite wakuda |
Kite wakuda (lat. Milvus migrans) ndi mbalame yolusa ya banja la chokole.
Etymology ya dzinalo
Dzinali la Russia ndi Kite, Korshak, dzina la ku Ukraine ndi Korshik kapena Shulika, dzina lachi Belarusali ndi Karshun, Shulyak, Chibugariya ndi Kite, Korkun kapena Chernaya Kana, Slovak krsak, krso ndi Kite, harkaba ya ku Estonia, ndiye makamaka ya Avestan kahrkasa. "Ndipo momwemonso maina a omwe amadyera ena okhala ndi muzu * kapena (ar, er). Malinga ndi wolemba waku Russia Soviet.P. Chapygin, omwe adatchulidwa mu ndemanga pa nkhani ya "Razin Stepan" (1924-1927), m'malo ena a dera la Don, m'zilankhulo zakomweko, ma kites amatchedwa Kuryuki kapena Koryuki.
Ndizotheka kuti liwu loti kite ndi chifukwa chofalitsa dzina lofananalo ndi mbalame yakudya krachun, lolembedwera ndi V. Dahl (1882) (popanda kufotokoza komwe kubwereketsa ndi etymology), ngati "mbalame yakunja yakudya Circaёtus (akudya njoka), pafupi ndi chiwombankhanga, chimadyetsa zokwawa. " Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kite ndi wakudya njoka ndi ofanana maonekedwe, ali ndi mapiko ofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, komanso sipekitiramu yofanana ndi chakudya.
Mulinso mawu ofanana mu zilankhulo za Turkic, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Kazakh pali mawu ofanana "karchaga" - kutanthauza kwa hawk, mu Chitata - karchyga (nthawi zina telishan), mchilankhulo cha Crimea Tatars karchea - potanthauza chiwombankhanga chaching'ono, ku Teleut - karsiga, Chagat, Sagai - karciga, karsigai, - hawk.
Mawonekedwe a Kite ndi malo okhala
Kite - mbalame yayikulu yakudya, yotalika kuposa theka la mita ndikulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu. Mapikowo ndi ochepa thupi, kutalika kwake pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka.
Mlomo wokutidwa ndi wopanda mphamvu, mapiko aatali, miyendo yochepa.Mtundu wa kite osiyanasiyana ndi predominance amdima ndi abulauni, nthawi zina oyera ndi ofiira.
Zikumveka ngati nyimbo za melodic. Nthawi zina amapanga mawu osangalatsa ngati kulira kulira achilendo kwambiri ndipo akufanana ndi kuyandikira kwa chimbudzi.
Mverani mawu a kite
Mbalame zimakhala makamaka m'maiko a Old World, makamaka kufalikira kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Amakhala makamaka kuthengo, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Mbalame sizikhala ndi mitundu mitundu, asayansi amawerenga pafupifupi eyiti.
Malingaliro odziwika kwambiri ndi kite wofiyira – mbalame, kufalikira kuderali kuchokera ku Spain mpaka kumalire a Far East.
Chithunzipa ndi kiti yofiyira
Ili ndi mchira wokhala ndi mafoloko, mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, ndipo chifuwa chafiyira. Ku Russia, kite yogawidwa ndi mitundu yocheperako, kuchokera ku Arkhangelsk kupita ku Pamirs, ndipo ikutetezedwa ndi boma.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa kite
Kite - osamukira mbalamekoma magulu ena amangokhala. Kwa ndege, mbalame zimakhala gulu la anthu opitirira mazana, zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa olusa. Amakhala nthawi yozizira kumayiko otentha a Asia ndi Africa okhala ndi nyengo yotentha.
Pokhala m'dera losaka nyama ndi zisa, mbalame zimalimbana mwamphamvu kuti zikhalepo. Sikuti aliyense amakhala ndi malo okwanira.
Chithunzithunzi ndi chisa cha kite
Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwa akiti amayenera kufunafuna chakudya m'mayikidwe a anthu ena, ndi abale awo kuti ateteze malo omwe angakhale. Nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa zisa ndi ziguduli zowoneka bwino, zikwama zamtundu wa pulasitiki zamtoto zokongola, zotayirira kuti zizindikire gawo lawo, zimawopseza oyandikana nawo komanso kupewa kuwukira.
Kite ndi waulesi komanso wosakwiya, wosiyana pakulimba mtima komanso ukulu. Sathawa, koma akuchedwa. Imatha kukulira m'mwamba kwambiri mpaka kuti diso lakuthwa kwambiri komanso lakuthwa kwambiri silingathe kutulutsa.
Kuuluka kwawo ndi kowoneka bwino, mbalame yakuda yakuda wokhoza pafupifupi kotala la ora, popanda mapiko amodzi mapiko ake, kuwuluka mlengalenga.
Kite wakuda
Kites ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri kuti zimatha kusiyanitsa wosaka kwa munthu wamba ndikubisala munthawi yangozi. Ndipo siziwonekeranso m'malo omwe anali owopsa kwambiri ndi zochitika zina zokayikitsa.
Mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kunyumba. Ndiwovuta kuwasamalira ndikudyetsa, ndipo akhoza kukhala owopsa.
Koma zimachitika kawirikawiri kuti anthu amatenga ndi kudyetsa akhungu ndi ovulala, omwe sanathe kubwereranso ku chilengedwe ndipo sanathe kumenya nkhondo yayikulu kuti akhalepo.
Anthu oterowo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama. Ngati angafune gulakite ndizotheka, kudzera pa intaneti kapena mwapadera, koma ngati zingatheke mbalame Zinthu zoyenera, chifukwa moyo wabwinobwino, amafunikira chakudya chamagetsi chachikulu komanso chopatsa thanzi.
Kite kudya
Kites imakonda kudya zovunda ndi mitundu yonse ya zinyalala zamanyama. Tizilombo timakhala adani athu.
Amagwira achule ndi abuluzi, kunyamula mitembo ya njoka, zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zina amasaka mbalame. Amatha kudya nsomba zamtundu umodzi, crustaceans, mollusks ndi mphutsi.
Amphaka mbalame zodyedwakoma izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kwambiri, monga kayendedwe ka nkhalango ndi malo osungira, ndikuwononga nyama ndi nsomba.
Ntchito zabwino ngati izi zimaposa zovuta zomwe zimadya pakudya ana a nyama zopatula, anapiye ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimapweteketsanso moyo wamunthu mwa kulanda agalu, nkhuku ndi agogo. Kuti mupewe izi kite, othamangitsa mbalametichita bwino.
Amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe zimaganizira za nyama ndi mbalame, kuzipatsanso mawu osasangalatsa panthawi zina.
Kites imatha kukhala yopanda pake komanso yopanda chidwi kwambiri, ikukhala pafupi ndi anthu pazinyumba, mitengo, m'minda yamaluwa ndi opemphapempha.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zambiri ndipo zimakwiyitsa kusatheka, kukopa kwa munthu kulikonse. Mbalame zimayang'anira zochitika za anthu mosamala, ndipo chifukwa cha malingaliro achilengedwe, omwe si nyama zambiri komanso mbalame zambiri zomwe zimatha kudzitamandira, zimamvetsetsa bwino chilichonse.
Msodzi akapita kukasodza, sadzamutsatira, chifukwa palibe chomwe angapindule nacho.
Koma, akadzabweranso ndi nsomba zambiri, ziwuluka kwa iye. Ngati mbusa abweretsa gulu la nkhosa kubusa, kukwiya kungakhale kosayanjanitsika, koma ngati nyamazo zimapita kumalo ophera nyama, zimayenderana.
Kiti imayang'anira osati munthu, kudya mosavutikira, komanso machitidwe a nyama ndi mbalame zina. Ngati aliyense wa iwo azunza nyama zawo, gulu la nkhanu zomwe sizingalephereke. Mbalame zomwe sizimasaka nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zili zovuta mokwanira.
Kufotokozera kwa Kite
Kites - mbalame zodya nyama, zokongola komanso zosasunthika pakuuluka, zimatha kuwuluka kuthambo popanda kuthira mapiko kwa kotala limodzi. Mbalame zotere zimatalika mpaka kutalika kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzisiyanitsa mdera lokhala ndi maliseche. Mwachilengedwe, nyama yolusa yomwe ili ndi utoto ndi yaulesi komanso yosachedwa.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Akazi achikazi nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa amphongo. Kite chisa kumtunda kapena mafoloko a mitengo kutalika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amasankha mtengo wa paini, linden kapena oak chifukwa cha ichi, kumanga chisa kuchokera ku nthambi zowuma ndi mitundu ina ya masamba
Nthawi zina amakhala pamiyala, nthawi zambiri m'magulu, ndikupanga magulu onse. Sadzasowa kuti azikhalamo, koma gwiritsani ntchito zisa, mbalame zachikale, zamakola, makungubwi, ndi zina.
Pomanga zisa amabweretsa zidutswa za pepala, zinyalala ndi zisanza, zokutira pansi ndi chikopa. Malowa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kamodzi, koma kwa zaka zingapo.
Mazira ake amakhala oyera nthawi zonse ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga ofiira komanso mtundu wa bulauni. Mu clutch pamakhala dzira limodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimayikidwa pakatikati patatha masiku atatu mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Amayi amadzifunditsa okha kwa masiku 31-38, pamene abambo ake amawapatsa chakudya. Ana amtundu umodzi kapena awiri ophimbidwa ndi pansi amakwatulidwa, nthawi zina zochulukirapo.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhanza, nthawi zambiri mwankhanza, ndipo ndewu zawo komanso chiwonetsero chawo nthawi zambiri zimatha pomwalira ana amphwete.
Amphaka amphaka mu chisa
Pakatha milungu isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, amayamba kuyenda limodzi ndi nthambi, ndipo atatha masiku angapo amayesa ndege. Posakhalitsa amasiya makolo awo kwamuyaya. Mwachilengedwe, ma kites amalimbana kwambiri kuti apulumuke, ndipo zimachitika kuti anthu akuluakulu, omwe amakhala ndi moyo amakhala zaka zinayi kapena zisanu zokha.
Pafupifupi, moyo wawo ndi pafupifupi zaka 14. Koma zimachitika kuti mbalame zakuthengo zilipobe mpaka zaka 26. Mukakhala mu ukapolo wabwino, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kite imatha kukhala zaka 38.
Mawonekedwe
Mbalame yayikulu yakudya imafika kutalika kwa theka la mita, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kumakhala mkati mwa kilogalamu imodzi. Mapikowo ndiwotalika komanso opapatiza, okhala ndi utali wa mita imodzi ndi theka. Kite imadziwika ndi mulomo wokhomedwa ndi mbedza komanso miyendo yayifupi. Makulidwe amtundu wa kite amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, koma matupi abulauni komanso amdima ndi omwe amakhala ambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mawu a "kite" amafanana ndi nyimbo za paphiri, koma nthawi zina mbalame yodya nyama imanjenjemera komanso imamveka ngati yaing'ono.
- Kite wakuda. Ndi wamba. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 50-60 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 800-1100 g, mapikowo ndi masentimita 140-155 ndi mapiko a 41-51 cm. Kite yakuda imakhala paliponse, kutengera ndi mtundu wake, mbalameyo imatha kukhala ndi chithunzi chokhazikika komanso chosasinthika wa moyo.
Mndandanda wamphaka wakuda:
- Ma kite aku Europe omwe amakhala ku Europe (madera akumwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati) nthawi yozizira ku Africa. Mutu wake ndi utoto wowala.
- Kite-eyred wakite, amakhala ku Siberia, kudera la Amur Region.
- Kite waung'ono wa ku India yemwe amakhala kum'mawa kwa Pakistan, kotentha kwa India, komanso ku Sri Lanka.
- Forktail kite, waku Papua ndi East Australia.
- Woyang'anira ku Taiwan woyendayenda ku Taiwan ndi Hainan.
Malo osaka a kite wakuda ndi malo obisalamo nkhalango, minda, magombe ndi mitsinje. Samakonda kusaka nkhalango. Chowonjezera cha Kite chimakhala ngati polyphage. Ngakhale chakudya chake chachikulu ndi cha gopher, chimatha kusaka nsomba, mbewa zosiyanasiyana, zonyansa, mbewa, maudzu akuluakulu, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono (mpheta, zovala zakuda, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mitengo yamatabwa), mavu.
- Pereka mluzu. Amakhala komwe amakhala ku Australia, New Caledonia ndi New Guinea. Ndi mbalame ya nkhalango zowala, imakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Mwambiri, zimakhazikitsa moyo wodekha, mkati mwa biocenosis yomweyo, komabe, nthawi zina imatha kusamukira kumadera akumpoto kwa Africa panthawi yamvula. Adapeza dzina lake loyitanira mayendedwe achisoni kwambiri. Mbalameyi imaliza mluzu nthawi yonse yakuuluka ndipo ikakhala chisa. Kulira kwa mzungu kumamveka ngati mzungu wokweza, munthu wodekha, wotsatiridwa ndi waufupikitsa, aliyense wapamwamba kuposa woyamba. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimatha kupeza: nsomba, tizilombo, zouluka, ma amphibians, crustaceans, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Sanakane ndipo anagwa, ndipo ku New Guinea ma kite amapanga mkango wa chakudya. Azungu amadya zovalazo kokha nthawi yozizira.
- Brahmin kite. Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia ndi Australia. Imakhala m'malo otentha / madera otentha, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Imakhala nthawi yomweyo, koma imatha kupanga ndege zoyenderana ndi nthawi yamvula. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalameyo ndi zovunda, nsomba zakufa ndi nkhanu. Nthawi zina amasaka nyama, nsomba ndi kuba kwa adani ena.
- Kiti yofiyira. Kukula kwapakatikati (kutalika kwa thupi: 60-65 cm, kutalika: 175-195 cm). Pali ma subspecies awiri. Ma Habitats amasiyana padziko lonse lapansi: kuchokera ku Scandinavia, Europe ndi mayiko a CIS kupita ku Africa, zilumba za Canary ndi Caucasus. Imakonda nyengo yotentha, nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana pafupi ndi zigwa ndi minda.
- Kite-to-tiite. Adalandira dzina lake lalikulu ngati mano awiri pamlomo. Ndiwowoneka-miyendo. Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa, kulemera kwakukulu: 230 g. M'mbuyomu, adadziwika kuti ndi banja la falcon. Amakhala m'madambo otentha / otentha, kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Mexico mpaka ku Brazil. Chimakhala kulikonse paliponse.
- Grey kite. Zoweta ku Eastern Mexico, Peru, Argentina, pachilumba cha Ptia, Trinidad. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera. Ndi wachibale wa nthano ya Mississippian, komabe, imasiyana ndi mtundu wa siliva wamdima wakuda, ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiko ake akuda. Imakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'nkhalango zowirira. Chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timayikamo mitengo ndi zokwawa zosiyanasiyana. The Mississippi kite imawerengedwa kuti ndi mabungwe ake. Amakhala ku South-Central dera la United States, amasamukira kumayiko akumwera. Amakonda nyengo yofunda, ndizosangalatsa.
- Chakudya chokolera. Wokhala ku South-Central America. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati kukula, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 36-48, mapiko a 100-120 cm ndi kulemera kwa 350-550 g. Chakudya chake chokha ndi nkhono, chifukwa chake imakhala pafupi ndi madambo ndi madamu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mulomo wowonda, wokhota, wolimbana ndi nkhosayo amakoka chigamba chachigobacho.
- Spiky kite. Kugawidwa ku Australia konse, koma osati anthu ambiri. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma mbalame zina zimayenda maulendo osamukasamuka. Zakudya zake ndi zinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi mazira awo, zokwawa, nkhono ndi tizilombo.
- Kite yamaso akuda. Pamakhala kumpoto kwa Australia. Monga nyumba, amasankha malo otentha, nthenga, malo owuma komanso zipululu. Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia yotalika masentimita 50-60, mapiko a kutalika kwa masentimita 145 mpaka 155, ndi kulemera mpaka 1300 g. Zouluka, zinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zisa zawo ndi gawo lawo. Kambuku wamphongo wakuphazi wakuda amatha kudula mwala pansi mbalame. Njira yamoyo komanso malo okhala Sizingatheke kulingalira ngati mbalamezi zikuyenda. Zambiri mwa izi zokhala ndi zowetchera zimasamukira nthawi yozizira, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha, mitundu ya anthu kapena anthu pawokha ndi omwe amakhala ndi moyo wamuyaya. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala ku Africa ndi kumayiko otentha a Asia, mitundu ina ya ku Australia imasamukira kumayiko ena. Poti kuthawa, nkhanu zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu, omwe amafunikira mbalame zodyedwa. Kufika kwa anthu oyamba omwe amapezeka ndi malo odyera kumawonedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mu Marichi. M'munsi Dnieper, zitha kuwoneka masiku angapo apitawo. Kuchoka kumachitika makamaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Anthu akumpoto kwa kite amabwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndikunyamuka kumayambiriro kwa masiku 7-9. Ma Kites amasankhidwa ndi malo akuluakulu osungirako, omwe amawapatsa mwayi wosaneneka pakusaka ndi kupulumuka. Kuteteza malo osaka mbalame sikophweka. Kuteteza nyumba zawo kuti zisasokeredwe ndi abale awo, ma kites amayala zinthu zonyezimira kuti aziwachotsa. Pofufuza, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Akatswiri ambiri a m'magazi amatha kudziwa mtundu wa makite posiyanitsa ndi ma contour akumwamba.
Habitat
Gawo logawidwa ndi kite yakuda ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Amakhala ku Europe, komanso ku Asia, komanso ku Africa. Amakhala mayiko otentha komanso kuzizira kochokera ku Siberia.
Kukuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, nkhanu zakuda zomwe zimakhala kumpoto zimawulukira nyengo yachisanu kupita ku India ndi Australia, komanso ku Africa, komwe zimasakanikirana ndi ma kites akuda akomweko.
Titha kunena kuti mbalame yam'madziyi ili paliponse ndipo idagonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi - kupatula, mwina, zigawo za polar. Mwachilengedwe, pamitundu yambiri yotere, magulu angapo adapangidwa.
Malo okhala nkhanu zakuda ndi nkhalango zosiyanasiyana komanso malo okumbiramo madzi, nthawi zambiri mdera lokhalamo amakhala ndi malo osungira. Zachitika kuti amawuluka m'midzi ndi m'mizinda.
Mitengo ndiyofunikiranso kuti nkhanu zizikhala, mosasamala kanthu za mtunda, m'mene zimamangira zisa zawo.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Black Kite
Kite yakuda idafotokozedwa ndi P. Boddert mu 1783 ndipo adalandira dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa Milvus migrans. Mapulogalamu angapo a mbalameyi adadziwika, ku Russia mungapeze awiri: osamukira kumutu owala bwino, amakhala ku Europe ndi ku Europe gawo la Russia, lineatus amakhala kumadera akum'mawa kwa Urals.
M'mbuyomu, ma kites, ngati mbalame zina zazikulu, adatumizidwa kuti azitsogozedwa ndi Falconformes, koma kenako asayansi adapeza kuti kupezeka kwa Hawks kuyeneranso kusiyanitsidwa - ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawabweretsa pafupi ndi Falconiformes, mzere wina wosinthika unatsogolera ku mawonekedwe awo. Ndichifukwa ichi chomwe ma kites amatchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, limodzi ndi ena, mwachitsanzo chowumbidwa ndi kadzidzi komanso ngati zotupa, amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zaku Africa, zotchedwa komwe zidachokera. Nthambi iyi idadziwika posakhalitsa pakutha kwa Cretaceous - Paleogene, kapena ngakhale patsogolo pake.
Kodi kite wakuda amawoneka bwanji?
M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa mbalameyo sikuli kwakuda konse, m'malo mwake ndikuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la kiti wakuda ndi masentimita 48-58, ndipo magalamu 800 mpaka 1000 magalamu.
Mapikawo ali ndi kutalika masentimita 40-50, ndipo mulingo wawo ndi masentimita 145-155. Zomwe zimakongoletsa kwambiri owononga awa ndi mchira wawo wa chic.
Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mitundu yambiri, koma amuna ndi otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zazikazi. Thupi limakhala lofiirira pakhungu, ndipo mbali yakumwambako ndi yopepuka. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizopepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Mchirawo ndi woderapo, mlomo wake ndi wachikasu, ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi kwakuda. Miyendo ndi yachikasu.
Kiti yakuda imachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso makoswe.
Ubale ndi munthu
Kite - mbalame yanzeru yomwe imamva kuwopsa. Kuzigwira mwachilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri: kumva kuwopseza, amachoka kwina kosatetezeka. Amakhala kutali ndi anthu.
Ndikotheka kugwira kite ndikusunga kunyumba, koma ndizosowa kwambiri. Amafuna kusamalidwa mosamalitsa, malo okhalamo ambiri, mbalame zokhala ndi chakudya chambiri, zimatha kuukira munthu.
Nthawi zina, kupeza munthu wodwala, munthu amatha kupita kukagwira mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zobwezeretsedwa zimaperekedwa kumalo osungira nyama. Ngati pali mwayi komanso kufunitsitsa, ma kites apabanja angagulidwe kuchokera kwa akatswiri.
Khite moyo ndi zakudya
Mbalamezi nthawi zina zimaba nkhuku.
Mbalamezi ndi zilombo zolusa, komanso zopatsa chidwi. Kite wakuda amadya makoswe, tizilombo, zodzola komanso ngakhale zovunda. Zakudya zokondedwa - anapiye a mbalame zina. Kite wakuda amadyanso mbalame zazikulu ngati zazing'ono kukula kuposa iwo.
Monga malo okhala, mbalamezi zimasankha malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, zomwe zimakonda zimakonda kusefukira kwamadzi. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mitengo yayitali pafupi, makamaka ikafika nthawi yotsekera. Kiti zakuda zimawuluka bwino, ndikupindika mapiko awo.
Kiti zakuda ndizothandiza kwambiri paulimi, chifukwa zimathamangitsa gopher ndi tizilombo tina zovulaza. Koma anthu amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika pa zilombozi, chifukwa amaba abakha ndi nkhuku.
Kite wakuda ndi mdani wopatsa chidwi.
Zomwe zimadya
Chakudya chachikulu cha kite ndi zovunda - mitembo ya nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, njoka, komanso zinyalala zamitundu mitundu. Mbalame zimadyanso mwachidwi tizilombo, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimawasaka ndi achule ndi abuluzi, kapena mbalame zina. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhanu zimaphatikizapo nsomba zam'mimba, crustaceans, mollusks ndi mphutsi muzakudya zawo.
Kudya kwa ma kite ndikofunika chifukwa mbalamezi zomwe zimadyanso nyama zimachita zinthu mwadongosolo m'nkhalango ndi m'madziwe, chifukwa zimawononga nyama zodwala, nsomba ndi mitembo yawo. Zakudya zotere nthawi zambiri zimaposa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nkhaka nthawi zina zimadya nyama zodyedwa, anapiye kapena mbalame zazing'ono.
Kite amathanso kuvulaza anthu pakulanda agalu, nkhuku kapena goslings. Popewa izi, alimi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zapadera mbalame.
Kites ndi mbalame zaulesi, zimasaka bwino, koma sizichita. Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zimayang'anira momwe nyama zina ndi mbalame zomwe zimafunafuna nyama, ndipo ngakhale anthu, mwachitsanzo, akamawona asodzi, asodzi amapeza okha malo omwe ali ndi nsomba zambiri.
Kodi kuswana kwa nthiti zakuda kumachitika bwanji?
Mbalamezi zimafika m'malo obzala zanyama kuchokera ku South Asia ndi Africa mwezi wa Epulo, kukadali chisanu m'malo. Kites zakuda zimatha kupezeka osati malo opanda mitengo, komanso malo okhala. Amawulukiranso m'mizinda yaying'ono.
Kiti zakuda zimayikira mazira mu zisa zawo kapena zisa zoponyedwa ndi mbalame zina. Zoyang'anira zimawongolera, kuzikhazika ndi udzu, mapepala ndi nthenga. Monga lamulo, nkhanu zakuda zimakonzera zisa zawo pamitengo, koma zimathanso kumanga pamiyala. Zomera zili pamtunda wamtunda wa mamitala 10-15 kuchokera pansi. Monga lamulo, m'mimba mwake wa chisa sichidutsa mita 1. Makulidwe oterewa ndi ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo.
Nti wa kite wakuda.
Akazi amayikira mazira koyambirira kwa Meyi. Kuyika, monga lamulo, kumakhala ndi mazira 2-4, koma makamaka mazira awiri, osawerengeka kuchuluka kwawo kumafika 5. Mtundu wa mazirawo ndi woyera ndi mawanga a bulauni komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwa dzira ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa bokosi lofananira.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha pafupifupi miyezi 1.5. Yaikazi imagwira makamaka makulidwe, ndipo nthawi zina yamphongo imatenga m'malo. Ma ntchentche amakhala mchisa kwa masiku 40-45, atayamba kuuluka. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, nkhanu zakuda zimatha msambo. Chiyembekezo chokhala m'thengo ndi zaka 23-25.
1. Kite wakuda. Ndi wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-60 masentimita, kulemera - 800-1100 g, mapiko a 140-155 masentimita ndi mapiko kutalika kwa 41-51 cm.
Anthu okhala kite wakuda kulikonse, kutengera dera mbalame kumatha kukhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi komanso wamisala.
Mverani mawu a kiti wakuda
Mndandanda wamphaka wakuda:
- Ma kite aku Europe omwe amakhala ku Europe (madera akumwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati) nthawi yozizira ku Africa. Mutu wake ndi utoto wowala.
- Kite-eyred wakite, amakhala ku Siberia, kudera la Amur Region.
- Kite waung'ono wa ku India yemwe amakhala kum'mawa kwa Pakistan, kotentha kwa India, komanso ku Sri Lanka.
- Forktail kite, waku Papua ndi East Australia.
- Woyang'anira ku Taiwan woyendayenda ku Taiwan ndi Hainan.
Ojambulidwa ndi Forktail Kite
Malo osaka a kite wakuda ndi malo obisalamo nkhalango, minda, magombe ndi mitsinje. Samakonda kusaka nkhalango. Chowonjezera cha Kite chimakhala ngati polyphage.
Ngakhale chakudya chake chachikulu ndi cha gopher, chimatha kusaka nsomba, mbewa zosiyanasiyana, zonyansa, mbewa, maudzu akuluakulu, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono (mpheta, zovala zakuda, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mitengo yamatabwa), mavu.
2. Whistler Kite. Amakhala komwe amakhala ku Australia, New Caledonia ndi New Guinea. Ndi mbalame ya nkhalango zowala, imakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Mwambiri, zimakhazikitsa moyo wodekha, mkati mwa biocenosis yomweyo, komabe, nthawi zina imatha kusamukira kumadera akumpoto kwa Africa panthawi yamvula.
Adapeza dzina lake loyitanira mayendedwe achisoni kwambiri. Mbalameyi imaliza mluzu nthawi yonse yakuuluka ndipo ikakhala chisa. Kite kufuula Mluzu umamveka ngati mzungu wofuula, womwe umakhala wopatsa chidwi, wotsatiridwa ndi waufupi, aliyense wapamwamba kuposa woyamba.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimatha kupeza: nsomba, tizilombo, zouluka, ma amphibians, crustaceans, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame. Sanakane ndipo anagwa, ndipo ku New Guinea ma kite amapanga mkango wa chakudya. Azungu amadya zovalazo kokha nthawi yozizira.
3. The Brahmin kite. Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia ndi Australia. Imakhala m'malo otentha / madera otentha, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ambiri amakhala mkati mwa biocenosis omwewo, koma amatha kupanga maulendo ena oyendetsedwa ndi nyengo yamvula. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalameyo ndi zovunda, nsomba zakufa ndi nkhanu. Nthawi zina amasaka nyama, nsomba ndi kuba kwa adani ena.
4. Kiti yofiyira. Kukula kwapakatikati (kutalika kwa thupi: 60-65 cm, kutalika: 175-195 cm). Pali ma subspecies awiri. Ma Habitats amasiyana padziko lonse lapansi: kuchokera ku Scandinavia, Europe ndi mayiko a CIS kupita ku Africa, zilumba za Canary ndi Caucasus. Imakonda nyengo yotentha, nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana pafupi ndi zigwa ndi minda.
Mverani mawu a kiti wofiyira
5. Kite zala-ziwiri. Adalandira dzina lake lalikulu ngati mano awiri pamlomo. Ndiwowoneka-miyendo. Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa, kulemera kwakukulu: 230 g. M'mbuyomu, adadziwika kuti ndi banja la falcon. Amakhala m'madambo otentha / otentha, kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Mexico mpaka ku Brazil. Chimakhala kulikonse paliponse.
6. Tsitsi la imvi. Zoweta ku Eastern Mexico, Peru, Argentina, pachilumba cha Ptia, Trinidad. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera. Ndi wachibale wa nthano ya Mississippian, komabe, imasiyana ndi mtundu wa siliva wamdima wakuda, ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiko ake akuda.
Imakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'nkhalango zowirira. Chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timayikamo mitengo ndi zokwawa zosiyanasiyana.
Mississippi kite muganizireni ma subspecies. Amakhala ku South-Central dera la United States, amasamukira kumayiko akumwera. Amakonda nyengo yofunda, ndizosangalatsa.
7. Zowononga. Wokhala ku South-Central America. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati kukula, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 36-48, mapiko a 100-120 cm ndi kulemera kwa 350-550 g. Chakudya chake chokha ndi nkhono, chifukwa chake imakhala pafupi ndi madambo ndi madamu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mulomo wowonda, wokhota, wolimbana ndi nkhosayo amakoka chigamba chachigobacho.
8. Spongy kite. Kugawidwa ku Australia konse, koma osati anthu ambiri. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma mbalame zina zimayenda maulendo osamukasamuka. Zakudya zake ndi zinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi mazira awo, zokwawa, nkhono ndi tizilombo.
9. Kite yamaso akuda. Pamakhala kumpoto kwa Australia. Monga nyumba, amasankha malo otentha, nthenga, malo owuma komanso zipululu. Ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri ku Australia yotalika masentimita 50-60, mapiko a 145-155 masentimita, ndi kulemera mpaka 1300 g.
Nyama yake ndi nyama zokwawa, zazinyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zisa zawo. Kambuku wamphongo wakuphazi wakuda amatha kudula mwala pansi mbalame. Moyo & Habitat
Ndizosatheka kulingalira ngati mbalameyi imasamukira. Zambiri mwa izi zokhala ndi zowetchera zimasamukira nthawi yozizira, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha, mitundu ya anthu kapena anthu pawokha ndi omwe amakhala ndi moyo wamuyaya. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala ku Africa ndi kumayiko otentha a Asia, mitundu ina ya ku Australia imasamukira kumayiko ena.
Poti kuthawa, nkhanu zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu, omwe amafunikira mbalame zodyedwa. Kufika kwa anthu oyamba omwe amapezeka ndi malo odyera kumawonedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mu Marichi. M'munsi Dnieper, zitha kuwoneka masiku angapo apitawo.
Kuchoka kumachitika makamaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Anthu akumpoto kwa kite amabwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndikunyamuka kumayambiriro kwa masiku 7-9.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhanu zimayatsa moto m'nkhalango, kudziwotcha pamoto, potero "kusuta" kumabera m'makomo
Ma Kites amasankhidwa ndi malo akuluakulu osungirako, omwe amawapatsa mwayi wosaneneka pakusaka ndi kupulumuka. Kuteteza malo osaka mbalame sikophweka. Kuteteza nyumba zawo kuti zisasokeredwe ndi abale awo, ma kites amayala zinthu zonyezimira kuti aziwachotsa.
Pofufuza, mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Akatswiri ambiri a m'magazi amatha kudziwa mtundu wa makite posiyanitsa ndi ma contour akumwamba.
Mitundu ya Kite
Korshuna wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu akuimiridwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ndi mitundu khumi ndi inayi:
- Brahmin kite (Naustur indus) Ndi mbalame yaing'onoting'ono yakudya. Akuluakulu ali ndi nthenga zazikulu zofiirira, komanso mutu ndi chifuwa choyera,
- Whistler Kite (Naliastur srhenurus) Ndi wadyera wazaka zazitali komanso wazaka zazitali. Mbalame yachikulire imakhala ndi mutu wachikaso wakuda, chifuwa ndi mchira, komanso mapiko a bulauni komanso nthenga zakuda zakuda,
- Kite wakuda (Milvus akusamukira- - Wokhala ndi ulusi wazimbudzi wabanja la alenje. Mitundu ya mbalame zachikulire imadziwika ndi kumbuyo kwa bulauni, yoyera ndi kukhalapo kwa mbiya zakuda, nthenga zakuda zofiirira, mbali ya bulauni yokhala ndi tinge yofiirira. Masabusikowa amaphatikizapo ma subspecies: ma kite aku European (Milvus migrans migrans), Black-eared kite (Milvus migrans lineus), The Little Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda) ndi Taiwan Kite (Milvus migrans formosanus),
- Kiti yofiyira (Milvus milvus- - mbalame yayitali-yayitali nyama yakudya. Malo ammutu ndi khosi ndimaso otuwa. Zowoneka zambiri pathupi, mchira wakumaso komanso nthenga zonse zokutira ndi thukuta, ndipo pamakhala zilembo zakuda patali,
- Kite-slug amadya kapena pagulu kite-slug amadya (Rostrhamus sosiabilis- - Wokhala ndi nyama yokhala ndi khungu wokhala ndi mtundu wina ndipo amatchedwa kuti dimorphism. Amuna ali ndi chingwe chakuda chamakala, mchira wabuluu ndi kukhalapo kwa mzere wakuda. Matope ndi maso ndi ofiira. Zachikazi zazingwe zazotchi zokhala ndi timabowo tofiirira. Chizindikiro cha mtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mulomo wocheperako, womwe ndi mulomo wamlitali komanso wowoneka bwino pansi.
Komanso, kwa gulu laling'ono la Kites pali mitundu yoyimiriridwa ndi Chernogrudym kanyukovym kite (Namirostra melanosternon), kite wa magawo awiri (Narragus bidentatus) Ryzhebokim bidentate kite (Narragus diodon), Mississippi kite (Istinia mississirriensis), bluish kitelite Lorkhoistini isura).
Habitat, malo okhala
Ma Brahmin kites amapezeka ku Indian subcontinent, komanso ku Southeast Asia ndi Australia. Whistling kite ndi mbalame yamtchire yomwe imakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi. Ma bouti akudya Slug amakhala makamaka m'madambo, momwe amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri kapena khumi. Nthawi zina mu colonies anthu amafikira mazana awiriawiri.
Kiti yakuda imagawidwa ku Africa, kupatula Sahara, komanso ku Madagascar, kumadera otentha komanso kumwera kwa Asia. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kupezeka ngakhale kuzilumba zina, ku Russia ndi ku Ukraine. Ku Palaearctic, nkhanu zakuda ndi mbalame zosamukira, pomwe m'malo ena mderalo zimagawidwa ngati mbalame zokhazikika.
Ma kites ku Europe amabala pakati, kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Europe, ndipo nthawi yozizira ku Africa kokha. Kite za mtundu wakuda zimapezeka makamaka ku Siberia, ndipo malo omwe amakhala ndi kite yaing'ono ku India akuimiridwa ndi Pakistan kummawa, India wotentha ndi Sri Lanka kupita ku Peninsula ya Malaysia.
Kite zakudya
Mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'malo opanda phokoso komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa, koma zimakonda nsomba ndi nkhanu. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthumwi za gulu laling'ono limeneli zimatha kugwira mileme ndi mavu, komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito mbalame zina zazing'onoting'ono zodyera. Nthawi zina amadya uchi ndikuwononga ming'oma ya njuchi zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Ma whistling kites amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe angathe kugwira, kuphatikizapo nyama zazing'ono zomwe ndi nsomba, mbalame ndi mbalame, nyama zam'mlengalenga, komanso zokwawa, komanso mitundu yonse ya tizilombo komanso crustaceans, koma osanyansidwa. Chakudya chokha cha kite wamkulu yemwe amadya ndi maolloll, omwe ndi 3040 mm.
Ndizosangalatsa! Slug-idya kite imagwira nyama yake m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mbalameyi imachotsa nkhono ku chipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito mlomo wautali komanso wopindika.
Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu, kite yofiyirayi siolusa kwambiri, komanso yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba poyerekeza ndi ena ambiri omwe amadyera ena, kuphatikiza nsikidzi. Pokasaka, mbalameyi imawuluka kutalika kosafunikira ndipo imayang'ana masewera ang'onoang'ono.Atazindikira nyama yake, yomwe imadya ngati mwala imagwera pansi, kenako imagwira nyama ndi mivi yakuthwa. Zinthu zomwe zimasaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zazing'ono komanso mbalame, zolengedwa zapamtunda ndi zokwawa, komanso nyongolotsi za pansi. Nthawi zina zowola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, makamaka zotsalira za nkhosa.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Brahmin imathira chisa pamitengo yosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zina imatha kumanga zisa zawo pansi pa mbewu, mwachindunji pansi. Dimbalo lililonse limayimiridwa ndi mazira awiri oyera kapena oyera oyera, oyera, omwe pafupifupi masabata anayi pambuyo pake anapiyewo. Makolo amadyetsa ana limodzi.
Zitsamba za whistle-kite zimakhala ngati nsanja zazikulu zopangidwa ndi nthambi komanso zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Chisa chotere chimamalizidwa, kenako mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka, ndipo mbalamezo nthawi zambiri zimayikira mazira awiri kapena atatu amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira. Makulitsidwe kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Ana oyamba kubadwa kwa khunyu yodziwikiratu imangopezeka wazaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi. Zingwe zimakhazikitsidwa mu mafoloko a mitengo monga thundu, linden kapena paini, pamalo okwera pamwamba pamtunda. M'chaka, mwana mmodzi yekha amawoneka, yemwe amakumbidwa ndi mkazi yekha.
Zisa zam'madzi zimayamwa mabango pamiyala, pa tchire ndi mitengo yam'madzi, komanso kuzilumba zazisumbu. Chisa cha mtunduwu ndi chosalimba, motero nthawi zambiri chimagwa mothandizidwa ndi mphepo kapena mvula. Pa malo amodzi, pali mazira atatu kapena anayi amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera. Makulitsidwe a makolo awiri amakhala pafupifupi milungu inayi. Nthochi ndimadyetsedwanso ndi chachikazi ndi chachimuna.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti ma Brahmin ma kite amatha kuukira nkhosazo ngakhale zilombo zazikulu kwambiri, kuphatikiza ngakhale chiwombankhanga, mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimavutika kwambiri ndi poohoedov wamba wa mtundu wa Kurodaia, Colroserhalum ndi Degereriella. Komanso, zazikulu zomwe zikukhudza anthu ndikuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
M'chilengedwe, nkhanu zimakhala ndi adani ambiri, omwe amayimiriridwa ndi adani akuluakulu. Zikuwoneka kuti, kuwonongeka kochulukirapo kwa ma kites ambiri omwe amakhala mu malo anthropogenic a malo akuchitika ndi akhwangwala amvi, kuwononga zisa ndi mazira koyambirira kumene kwa makulidwe. Komanso, milandu yolosera zam'mimba kapena chikondi zimawerengeredwa bwino.
Komabe, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame zolusa, monga ma kites, ndi anthu. Gulu laling'ono la omwe ali amtunduwu amafa pama chingwe champhamvu ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mwa zina, mbalame zina zachikulire zimavutika ndi poizoni ndi mankhwala ambiri okhala ndi chlorine komanso organophosphorous.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
IUCN yatchula kuti mtundu wa Brahmin ndi mtundu wocheperako kwambiri. Komabe, m'malo ena a Java, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kukucheperachepera komanso mosasunthika.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya Kite-whistler kumayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kite yofiyira kwatsika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame ndikutsata kwa mbalame zoterezi ndi anthu, kutsika kwa mtundu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachuma kwamtunda koyenera kubzala. Komabe, pazaka zingapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi chapakati pa Europe kwawonetsa zizindikiro zakuchira.
Masanjidwe
- Milvus kusamukira osamukira(Boddaert, 1783): Kite waku Europe
- Milvus migrans lineatus(J. E. Grey, 1831): Kite yamaso akuda
- Milvus kusamukira govinda(Sykes, 1832): Kite yaing'ono yaku India
- Milvus migrans affinis(Gould, 1838): Foloko-yankhwa kite
- Milvus migrans formosanus(Kuroda, 1920): Taiwan kite
Kufalitsa
Kugawidwa ku Africa (kupatula Sahara) ndi Madagascar, malo ozizira ndi akummwera kwa Asia, pazilumba zina, makamaka ku Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, ndi kumpoto kwa Australia. Kufalikira Mokwanira ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Kudera lokhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi mitsinje yayikulu nthawi yakudontha nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pakati pa mizinda yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, Novosibirsk ndi Barnaul. Ku Palearctic, ndi mbalame yosamukira, m'malo ena osungirako khola imakhazikika.
Kodi kite wakuda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yakuda yakuda
Dera lake limaphatikizamo malo akuluakulu omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: madera omwe amakhala chaka chonse, malo okhala nthawi yachilimwe, malo achisanu. Ndiye kuti, gawo la ma kites ndiosasunthika, koma makamaka amawulukira nyengo yachisanu.
Chaka chonse amakhala mu:
Pokhapokha malo okhala nesting iwo amawulukira ku Palearctic - nthawi yozizira kumakhala kozizira kumeneko. M'chilimwe, nkhanu zimakhala m'malo a:
- gawo lalikulu la Russia,
- Central Asia
- Nkhukundembo
- maiko ambiri ku Europe,
- North West Africa.
Makamaka, madera omwe amapangidwako amakhala mogwirizana ndi komwe kumakhala kites yokhazikika, koma nthawi zambiri amasiyana chifukwa chofunafuna magawo aulere. Chifukwa chake, ma kites ambiri amawuluka modutsa kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, komwe anthu okhazikika ndi ochepa. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ku Middle East: Syria, Iraq, kumwera kwa Iran - mu chilimwe kulibe kapena ma kites akuda ochepa pamenepo. Achinyamata ambiri amakhala pachilimwe kumeneko, ndipo patapita nthawi nawonso amayamba kuwuluka kumpoto.
Ku Russia, amakhala m'malo ambiri, koma osagwirizana: ndi osowa kwambiri kumpoto kwa taiga, kumakonda kukhala kumadzulo ndi ku Urals, ndipo makamaka kumabwera zigawo za steppe. Kwa mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama, sizachilendo kuti nkhanu zimasonkhana pagulu lalikulu kuti asamuke. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo osakanikirana, ndiye kuti, komwe kuli zitsamba ndi mitengo, komanso malo otseguka, nawonso. Amakhala m'nkhalango. Monga lamulo, ma kites amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nthawi zambiri amakhalanso pafupi ndi malo okhala. Amatha kukhala chisa mwachindunji m'mizinda, kuphatikiza yayikulu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kite wakuda amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe wadyayo amadya.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Black Kite kumwamba
Kites imatha kuwuluka kuthambo kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda kupanga mapiko akuuluka - ndipo izi ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo, chifukwa zimachedwa ndipo sakonda kusuntha kowonjezera. Amakhala gawo lalikulu masana motere, pang'onopang'ono ndikuyenda m'mwamba. Nthawi zina amatalika mpaka kutalika kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kuwasiyanitsa ndi nthaka. Gawo lina la tsikulo limakhala lofunafuna chakudya: amauluka mozungulira dera lawo lonse ndikuyang'ana koyamba kupaka zovalazo, chifukwa simuyenera kuzisaka. Kaya mbeuyo ikafa, asodziwo amasiya nsomba pagombe, kapena ngati mtsinje umaponyera mtembo wa nyamayo - kwa mkate, izi zonse ndi chakudya.
Ngati akapeza mphatso zotere, ndiye kuti amayang'anitsitsa nyama zomwe zikadalipo. Amakonda kuyang'ana nyama zovulala zomwe zasiya osaka, koma atopa. Ngakhale nyama zathanzi nazonso zili pachiwopsezo - mbalame zina zimangodzuka, ndipo nkhanga imadumphira pomwepo: imathamanga ndipo imathamanga. Kite ndi mbalame ya kumtunda ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi malo ake osakira. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwanira aliyense, ena amangosiyidwa popanda minda yawo ndipo amayenera kupeza chakudya pa "mayiko ena". Izi zimatha kuyambitsa mikangano pakati pa mbalame. Keke amakhala zaka 14-18, mutha kukumananso ndi mbalame zakale zomwe zimatalika zaka 25-28, ndipo ali muukapolo amatha kukhala mpaka 35-38.
Chochititsa chidwiKupezeka kwa zodzikongoletsera ku chisa cha ma kite kumawonetsa kulimba kwake: momwe ziliri, komanso zowala, mbalame zimakulirakulira. Koma ma keke ena amawukira enawo okonda zisa zokongola kwambiri, ngati zingatero, aganiza. Ngati kite ndi yofooka ndipo safuna ndewu, ndiye kuti imasiya chisa popanda zokongoletsa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Black Kite
Nyengo yakuswana imayamba nthawi ya masika - mbalame zitasamukira kum'mwera. Kites amamanga zisa pamitengo yayitali ndipo amasankha malo kutalika kwa 10-12 m. Amayesa kukonza chisa kuti chisawonekere, amakonda malo abata a nkhalango komwe sikukhala wina. Amatha kukhala pathanthwe. Chisa chokha chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kwambiri - mulifupi mwake, 0,6-1.2 m, ndi mpaka theka la mita, m'malo osowa kwambiri. Mbalameyi imakumbukira komwe chisa chake chinali ndipo zaka zotsatila zimabweleranso mpaka kukalamba kwambiri komanso kusadalirika. Nthawi yomweyo, chaka ndi chaka chisa chimamalizidwa ndikumakulirakulira.
Monga zida za icho, zingwe, timitengo, udzu ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zoyala zitha kupezeka patali patali ndi inzake, ndipo zingapo, mumitengo yoyandikana - yachiwiri ndi malo okhala. Pakanema imodzi, nthawi zambiri kuyambira mazira awiri mpaka anayi, chipolopolo chimakhala choyera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawanga a bulauni. Yaikazi imagwira mazira, ndipo yamphongo imanyamula chakudya ndikuteteza chisa.
Nthawi yolumikizira ndi masabata 4-5. Nthawi imeneyi, mkazi amayesetsa kuchita zinthu mosamala. Ngati munthu akuwoneka pafupi, akhoza kugona kuti asam'gonjetse ngati amangodutsa. Kapenanso amayenda patsogolo ndi kuzungulira patali, kumamuyang'ana, nthawi zina amafuula modabwitsa. Ngati angaganize kuti adzaukira chisa, amakhala wokwiya ndikuukira mnzakeyo: amamuwopseza kapena ngakhale kung'amba nkhope yake ndi zikhadabo ndi kukhosi kumbuyo kwake. Ngati munthu anasankhidwa bwino kuti asamakhale ndi chisa ndipo amatha kumuwona, atatawo amamukumbukira ndipo amatha kumuthamangitsa.
Pali nthawi zina pamene mbalame zam'mizinda zimakonzera anthu oterowo tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyesera kuukira, ngakhale sizinapweteke chisa ndi okhalamo. Koma nkhanza zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu aku India komanso ku Africa, omwe amakhala kum'mwera nthawi zonse, komanso kuchititsa malo okhala ku Russia kumakhala bata. Fuluku yoyamba ya anapiye ndi yofiirira, yachiwiri ndi imvi. Pambuyo pobadwa, amakhala olimba mtima, amalimbana pakati pawo, zomwe zimatha kupha omwe ali ofooka - izi zimachitika ngati pali ambiri aiwo.
Pofika milungu isanu ndi umodzi, amayamba kutuluka chisa, ndipo posakhalitsa amayesa kuyambukira. Pakufika miyezi iwiri amakhala wamkulupo kuti azitha kukhala payokha, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amakula pafupifupi kukula kwa mbalame yayikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amawuluka kumwera pakati pa kumapeto - kuthawa kwa ma kites kumayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo kumapitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Ara parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Milvinae |
Chizungu: | Kite |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Zosakhala ngati zakuba |
Banja: | Hawk |
Subfamily: | Kites |
Mitundu mu subfamily: | Brahmin kites (Haliastur), Ziphuphu zokhala ndi chifuwa chakuda (Hamirostra), Kites Notched (Harpagus), Makofi amtundu (Ictinia), Spiked Kites (Lophoictinia), Real Kites (Milvus), Kites-Slug-Sites (Rostrhamus) |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 34—66 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | 41—66 cm |
Wingspan: | 123—180 cm |
Kulemera: | 370—1100 g |
Chiwerengero
Kite wakuda amakhudzidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu m'zaka zaposachedwa kwachepa kwambiri, pomwe kuli koopsa ku Europe konse ku Russia, koma kumadera ena chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika.
Kuchepetsa kumeneku kukufotokozedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pantchito zaulimi. Mwachitsanzo, ku China, mapepala ofufuza a zebo amapezeka m'matupi a akhungu akufa. Mwambiri, Mercury amalowa m'malo achilengedwe chifukwa cha malonda.
Zadziwika kuti chitukuko cha anthu chikuwononga pang'onopang'ono anthu omwe kale anali ovuta, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kukonza zomwe zikuchitika.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Kite ndizambiri zazikulu zomwe zimadya, zimafika kutalika kwa theka la mita, ndipo kulemera kwa akuluakulu kumafika 1 kg. Mapiko ndi opapatiza ndi aatali; mapiko awo ndi 1.5 m.
Mlomo wa kite ndi mawonekedwe owombera, ofooka, miyendo ndiyifupi. Utoto wamafuta mumtundu wamitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mumakhala matalala akuda komanso ofiira.
Whistle Kite (Haliastur sphenurus)
Mbalameyi ndi yotalikirapo kukula ndi mutu yaying'ono ndi mchira wautali. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 50 mpaka 60 cm, mapiko ake amafika masentimita 146. Unyinji uli mulitali kuyambira 380 mpaka 1050 g. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amphongo, koma samasiyana mitundu ya maula. Akuluakulu, mutu, chifuwa ndi mchira ndi chikaso chakuda, mapiko ndi a bulauni, okhala nthenga zakuda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala tosiyanasiyana, tokhala ndi mikwaso yofiirira komanso malo owoneka bwino pamapiko. Matumba opanda utoto, opepuka, afupi.
Mitunduyi imakhala yofala ku Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, komwe imakhala m'madambo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mbalame yokhazikika.
Mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamakuwa kowomba mluzu komwe imatuluka panthawi youluka.
Slug Eater (Rostrhamus kijamiiabilis)
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumayambira 35 mpaka 42 cm, kulemera kwake kumafikira 400 g. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi dimorphism yachiwerewere. Amuna, maula ndi zakuda bii, mchirawo ndi imvi utoto ndi chingwe chakuda. Maso ndi miyendo ndi zofiira. Zachikazi zimakhala zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo woonda komanso mlomo wotalika, wowerama, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mbalameyi ipeze nkhono zake zam'madzi za genus Pomacea kuchokera kumagamba ake.
Malo okhala mitunduyi akuphatikiza Florida Peninsula, Cuba, Central ndi South America.
Voterani
Liwu la ma kites limveka ngati nyimbo za "yurl-yurl-yurrl" komanso "key-ki". Komanso, mbalame zimapanga phokoso lokhazikika, zachilendo kwambiri komanso zikufanana ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame.
Kulira kokweza kwambiri - kist whistle - nthawi zambiri kumangolira nthawi yakuuluka, komanso ngakhale mutakhala pachisa. Kufuula kwake kumakhala ngati mzungu womveka bwino, wotsatiridwa ndi mluzu wofulumira.
Zosangalatsa
- Ku Indonesia, mbalameyi imatchedwa "Elang Bondol", ndiye mascot waku Jakarta.
- Anthu okhala ku India amazindikira kuti kite ndi njira ya mbalame yopatulika ya Vishnu - Garuda.
- Chimodzi mwa zilumba za Malaysia chotchedwa Brahmin kite.