Pangolin (in lat. Pholidota) - iyi ndi zinyama zokha padziko lapansi, zophimbidwa mamba monse. Dzinalo "pangolin" mu Chimalaya limatanthawuza "kupindapinda mu mpira." Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama pangozi. M'mbuyomu, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa scaly anteatte. Pali mizere khumi ndi eyiti ndipo akuwoneka ngati matailosi padenga.

Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza

Pangolins adawoneka zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo pa Paleocene, 39 zamitundu yakale kwambiri zakale pafupifupi mamiliyoni 50 zapitazo. Mitundu ya Eomanis ndi Eurotamandua imadziwika chifukwa cha zinthu zakale zomwe zimapezeka patsamba la Messel, Eocene. Nyama izi zinali zosiyana ndi ma dinosaurs apano.

Zachidziwikire! Zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba otetezedwa bwino a Eomanis ku Messel zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa tizilombo ndi zomera. Akatswiri a sayansi anena kuti poyolin amadya masamba ndipo mwangozi ameza tizilombo tambiri.

Ma dinosaurs otsogola sanali ndi mamba oteteza, ndipo mutuwo unali wosiyana ndi mutu wa ma dinosaurs apano. Amakhala ngati mkono. Banja lina la abuluzi, lomwe limapezeka kumapeto kwa Eocene, linali mtundu wa nzika. Mitundu iwiri yomwe ilimo, Cryptomanis ndi Patriomanis, inali kale ndi zopweteka zamakono, komabe inali ndi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa.

Kodi maululu amapezeka kuti?

Ma Pangolin amagawidwa kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Uganda, ku Angola, Western Kenya, kumwera kupita ku Zambia komanso kumpoto kupita ku Mozambique. Amapezeka ku republics a Sudan ndi Chad, kuchokera ku Ethiopia kupita ku Namibia ndi South Africa, ku India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, kuchokera kumwera kwa China kupita ku Taiwan, kumwera kudzera Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan ndi zilumba zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakonda nkhalango zonse zobiriwira komanso zokhala ngati mabowo.

Mawonedwe, zithunzi za painolins

Pangolins (Pholidota) - zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo banja lokhalo Lizards (Manidae) wokhala ndi gulu limodzi lamakono la Manis.

Ponseponse, lero pali mitundu 7 ya painolins, mitundu 4 imakhala ku Africa, ndi 3 ku Asia.

Kutalika kwa ma kupweteka kwam'mimba kumasiyana 30 cm masentimita (pangolin yaying'ono kwambiri ndi yoyera) mpaka 75-85 masentimita (mtundu wawukulu kwambiri ndiye chimolin chachikulu). Kutalika kwa mchira, kutengera mitundu, kumatha kuchoka pa 55-65 masentimita mpaka 65-80 cm. Nyama zimalemera kuchokera ku 1.2-2 kg mpaka 25-33 kg. Mitundu yambiri, amuna ndi wolemera kuposa 10-50% kuposa akazi.

Mutu wa nyama ndi wocheperako, wopanga mawonekedwe, maso ndi ochepa, auricles sawoneka. Thupi lokwera limapitilira mchira wake. Miyendo ya nyamayo ndiyifupi, yamphamvu, yokhala ndi zala zisanu zopindika, zibwano zitatu zapakati pamiyendo yakutsogolo zimafika kutalika kwa 5.5-7,5 cm. Milozo yopingasa yolimba pamutu, thupi, mbali zakunja za miyendo ndi mchira zimasiyana utoto kuchokera pakhungu loyera mpaka la bulauni. Mamba okula kuchokera pansi penipeni pang'onopang'ono amazimiririka ndikukula. Zimateteza thupi lonse la painolin, kupatula pamimba komanso mkati mwa mapako.

Chilankhulo cha ma dinosaurs ndichitali kwambiri. Pamtundu waukulu kwambiri (chimphin chachikulu), chimatha kutalika masentimita 40, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 70. Lilime lalikululi limayikidwa chipolopolo kumapeto ena kwa sternum. Pakuzama kwa chifuwa pali chimbudzi chachikulu chamkati chomwe chimabisa malovu.

Chigoba chophweka chilibe mano kapena kutikita minofu, ndipo nyerere zimagwira m'mimba yapadera yamatumbo.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Dzina la pangolin Kuyankhula - potanthauzira kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Chimalaya kutanthauza "kupanga mpira." Wachichaina adasamalira mawonekedwe a nyama komanso nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimawoneka ngati nyama, choncho amaziona ngati chinjoka.

Aroma akale adawona m'mavuto a ng'ona zamtunda. Maonekedwe angapo, makamaka momwe amadyetsera, amabweretsa nyama pamodzi ndi armadillos ndi anteater.

Mulingo wofanana ndi mamba a rombic ndi olimba, ofanana ndi zida. Makala Horny amapangidwa ndi keratin. Katunduyu ndiye maziko a misomali ya anthu, tsitsi, ndi gawo la nyanga za chipembere. M'mphepete mwa mbalezo ndi lakuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti amadula ngati masamba.

Popita nthawi, amasinthidwa. Chipolopolo cholimba komanso chakuthwa chimateteza nyama. Zowopsa, zopweteka zam'mimba zimapindika mu mpira wolimba, nyamayo imabisa mutu wake pansi pa mchira. Magawo opanda mamba - m'mimba, mphuno, mbali zamkati mwa manja, amakhalanso mkati mwa mpira. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi ndi tsitsi lozungulira.

Nyama ikagundika, imakhala ngati firi kapena fisi wamkulu wokulirapo. Mulingo wa Pangolin yosunthika, yophatikizika pamtundu uliwonse monga matailosi, sichimasokoneza kayendedwe ka painolin.

Thupi la nyama yanyama yomwe imakhala yotalikirana imakhala 30 cm mpaka 90. Mchirawo ndi wofanana kutalika kwa thupi ndipo umagwira ntchito zodabwitsa - ma pangolins amatha kupachika pa nthambi za mtengo. Kulemera kwa zinyama ndikofanana kukula - kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 30 kg. Kulemera kwa miyeso ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a zolemera zonse za nyamayo. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna.

Malingaliro amphamvu ndi afupia, asanu. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyolimba kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Chala chilichonse chimavala chisoti chachifumu chokulirapo. Kutalika kwa nsapato zapakati kumafika masentimita 7.5, chifukwa cha iwo, omwe amasokoneza kuyenda, poyenda pangolin amagwada -

Chizindikiro chopyapyala cha nyama yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, mkamwa ndikutseguka mano kumaso. Chakudya chopera chimameza miyala, mchenga. M'mimba, akupera zomwe zili, akwanitsa kukonza. Kuchokera mkati, makoma amatetezedwa ndi keratinized epithelium, yokhala ndi khola ndi mano a nyanga.

Maso ndi ang'ono, chodalirika chotseka kuchokera ku tizilombo ndi eyel. Makutu akusowa kapena amwano. Lilime lokwera la buluzi limakhala lalitali mpaka 40 cm, litakutidwa ndi malovu. Nyama imatha kukulitsa lilime, kuipangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako mpaka 0.5 cm.

Minyewa yamagalimoto yoyendetsa lilime kutsata ndi chifuwa cha chifuwa kupita kuchifuwa cha nyama.

Mitundu ya m'mambayi imakhala yotuwa kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza kuti zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zisawonekere m'malo ozungulira. Ma pangoline ali ndi adani ochepa chifukwa cha zishango zodalirika, kuthekera, ngati skunks, kutulutsa madzi ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Ma hyenas, omwe amadana kwambiri ndi banja la mphaka, amatha kupirira ndi buluzi.

Mdani wamkulu wa mankhwala opatsika ndi munthu. Kusaka nyama ndi chifukwa cha nyama, mamba, zikopa. M'mayiko ena a ku Africa, China, Vietnam, malo odyera amagula zopweteka za m'mawa kwambiri.

M'miyambo ya anthu aku Asia, miyeso ya pangolin ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zizitha. Mkhalidwe wamtundu womwe uli pangozi unalandila mitundu ingapo ya ululu. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, zovuta za ukapolo chifukwa cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimatsogolera kutha pang'ono ndi pang'ono kwa osowa padziko lapansi.

Mitundu ya Pangolin

Mitundu 8 ya oimira osowa a chakolin chakupulumuka apulumuka. Kusiyana kwa nyama zaku Africa ndi ku Asia kumawonekera mu kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe a ma ntchentche, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizako ndi chipolopolo choteteza, komanso mawonekedwe amitundu. Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ndi yomwe imaphunziridwa kwambiri.

Mitundu yaku Asia ndi yaying'ono kukula, ndi mbande zaubweya pamunsi pazotengera. Zimapezeka kumapiri, m'madambo, m'nkhalango zonyowa. Ochepa, ochepa anthu.

Chinese pangolin. Thupi la nyamayo limakulungidwa ndi utoto wamkuwa. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 60. Amakhala m'dera la kumpoto kwa India, China, Nepal. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa auricles opangidwa, omwe nyamayo amatchedwa kuti yaolinol. Imayenda pansi, koma pangozi imakwera mtengo.

Indian pangolin. Amakhala ndi moyo wamtunda kumapiri, kumapeto kwa Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India. Kutalika kwa buluzi kumafika masentimita 75. Mtunduwo ndi wa imvi.

Javanese Raptor. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri za Thailand, Vietnam, ndi maiko ena Southeast Asia. Miyoyo ku Philippines, Java. Chinthu chosiyanitsa - akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna. Nyama zimayenda molimba mtima pansi komanso kudutsa mitengo.

Ma maumivu a ku Africa ndi akulu kuposa abale aku Asia. Mitundu inayi yophunziridwa bwino ya zinayi za abuluzi zomwe zimatsogolera zochitika zapadziko lapansi komanso zamisamba.

Steppe (savannah) dinosaur. Wokhalapo zigawo zakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Mtundu wa masikelo ndi bulauni. Kukula kwa akuluakulu kumafika masentimita 50-55. Mabowo okhathamira, kutalika pang'ono. Pansi pa chipinda chogona ndi chipinda chachikulu, momwe muliri umathandizira kuti munthu akhale wokwanira.

Giant pangolin. Kutalika, amuna a mamuna am'mimba amapita 1,4 m, zazikazi sizidutsa 1.25 m. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 30-33 kg. Palibe pafupifupi ubweya. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa eyelashes. Mabulu akulu amapaka utoto wofiirira. Malo okhala ma giolin akuluakulu amapezeka pafupi ndi equator kumadzulo kwa Africa, Uganda.

Wautali Wautali. Imakonzekeretsa moyo wamtengo. Amasiyana ndi oyandikana nawo mchira wautali kwambiri wa 47-49 vertebrae, wotupa-wamanja anayi. Amakhala munkhalango zotentha za West Africa, ku Senegal, Gambia, Uganda, Angola.

Woyera-wokhala ndi Raptor. Pangolin amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pamiyeso yabwino. Ndiye buluzi wamng'ono kwambiri, yemwe thupi lake ndi lalitali 37-44 masentimita ndipo salemera kupitiliza 2.4 kg. Kutalika kwa mchira wolimba pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi ndikofunikira - mpaka 50 cm.

Oyimira oyera okhala ndi manja amakhala m'nkhalango za Senegal, Zambia, Kenya. Dzinalo limachokera ku mtundu woyera wa khungu losatetezeka pamimba ya nyama. Makala a bulauni, amtundu wakuda wakuda.

Philippine Raptor. Zolemba zina zimasiyanitsa mitundu yam'tchire ya painolins - endemic m'chigawo cha Palawan.

Moyo & Habitat

Ku equatorial ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, malo omwe amapezeka ndi ma pangolin amakhala. Nkhalango zowirira, mapiri otseguka, ma savannah amasankhidwa chifukwa cha moyo wawo. Kupezeka mobisa kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuphunzira abuluzi. Zinthu zambiri m'miyoyo yawo sizodabwitsa.

Buluzi ambiri amakhala m'malo okhala nyerere ndi chiswe. Tizilombo ndi chakudya chachikulu cha zinyama, ndipo abuluzi awo amagwiritsa ntchito abuluzi kuyeretsa majeremusi.

Pangolins amadzutsa anthill, lotseguka lotseguka kuti athe kufikira anthu okwiya. Tizilombo tambiri timayambitsa nkhosayo, iluma khungu la nyamayo, ndi kuipaka ndi acidic acid. Pangolin amapita kutsukidwa.

Ululu ukamalizidwa, buluziyo amatseka mamba, akumenyetsa tizilomboti mumsampha. Pali njira yachiwiri yachikhalidwe yochotseraukhondo - kusamba koyenera m'madziwe.

Nyama zausiku zimakhala zokha. Masana, mitundu yapadziko lapansi imabisala m'makola a nyama, mitundu yamitengo imabisala m'makona amitengo, imapachikidwa pamisala pafupi ndi nthambi, pafupifupi kuphatikizidwa ndi chilengedwe. Pa mitengo ikuluikulu, ma papool amakwera mothandizidwa ndi zibwano zamtsogolo, zikopa za mchira zimathandizira, kuthandizira pakukwera. Osangokwera, komanso abuluzi osambira amatha kuchita bwino.

Nyama imadziwika ndi kusamala, kukhala payekha. Pangolin ndi nyama yofatsa, imangokhala ndi kulira komanso kuti ikudumula. Zibuluzi zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, chilombo chija chikugwada, chimagona pansi ndi mbali zakunja za miyendo yake. Kuyenda miyendo yake yakumbuyo kumathamanga - mwachangu mpaka 3-5 km / h.

Sadzatha kuthawa mdani, chifukwa chake amapulumutsidwa armadillo pangolin matsenga kupindika pa mpira. Mukamayesa kuponya buluziyo amataya chinsinsi chake ndi fungo labwino lomwe limawopseza adani.

Pangolin sawona ndi kumva, koma amanunkhira bwino bwino. Moyo wonse umakhala wogonjera mpaka kununkhira. Amanenanso kupezeka kwawo kwa abale omwe ali ndi zilembo zonunkhira pamitengo.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Animal Pangolin

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wakuthwa. Maso ndi makutu ndi ochepa. Mchira wake ndiwotalikirapo komanso wautali, kuyambira 26 mpaka 90 cm.Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, koma yochepa. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyitali komanso yolimba kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Pali miyendo isanu yopindika pa mwendo uliwonse. Kunja, thupi lam'mimba lofanana ndi pini. Zachikulupo zazikulu, zokutira, zamamba zam'madzi zimaphimba pafupifupi thupi lonse. Amakhala ofewa m'mawawa atsopano, koma amalimbika akamakula.

Kuphatikizira kokha, chidzu, khosi, khosi, mbali zina za nkhope, mkati mwa miyendo ndi m'mimba sizikhala ndi mamba. Mwa mitundu ina, mawonekedwe akunja a kutsogoloku samaphimbidwanso. Ziwalo za thupi zopanda mamba zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi pang'ono. Tsitsi lopanda madera opera ndi loyera, kuyambira la bulauni mpaka lofiirira kapena lofiirira.

Khungu m'malo ena ndi laimvi ndi mtundu wabuluu kapena wapinki. Mitundu yaku Asia imakhala ndi tsitsi atatu kapena anayi m'munsi mwa sikelo iliyonse. Mitundu ya ku Africa ilibe tsitsi lotere. Kukula kwa buluzi, kuphatikiza mutu + thupi, kumayambira masentimita 30 mpaka 90. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa amuna.

Zachidziwikire! Kuphika kwamkaka wa pangolin kumapangidwa kuchokera ku keratin. Izi ndizofanana ndi misomali ya anthu. Mu kapangidwe kawo ndi kapangidwe kake, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi miyeso zapamwamba.

Nyama izi zilibe mano. Kuti agwire chakudya, ma dinosaurs amagwiritsa ntchito lilime lalitali komanso lopanda minyewa lomwe limatha kutalikitsa mtunda wautali. Mumtundu waung'ono, lilime limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 16-18.Pa anthu akuluakulu, lilime ndi cm 40. Lilime limakhala lomata kwambiri komanso lozungulira kapena lathyathyathya, kutengera mitundu.

Kodi paolin amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Pangolin Raptor

Ma Pangolins amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nkhalango, nkhalango zowirira, malo amchenga komanso malo otseguka. Mitundu ya ku Africa imakhala kumwera komanso pakati pa Africa: kuyambira ku Sudani ndi Senegal kumpoto kupita ku Republic of South Africa kumwera. Malo okhala ma dinosaur ku Asia ali kumwera chakumadzulo kwa kondinendi. Kuchokera ku Pakistan kumadzulo kupita ku Borneo kummawa.

Mitundu yazamoyo payokha idagawidwa motere:

• Amwenye amakhala ku Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, malo ena ku Sri Lanka ndi China,
• China - ku Nepal, Bhutan, kumpoto kwa India, Burma, kumpoto kwa Indochina, kumwera kwa China ndi Taiwan,
• Pangolin Philippinespine imangopezeka pachilumba cha Palawan, ku Philippines,
• Malay Pangolin - Southeast Asia + Thailand + Indonesia + Philippines + Vietnam + Laos + Cambodia + Malaysia ndi Singapore,
• Pangolin temminckii amakhala pafupifupi mayiko onse a kum'mwera kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Sudan ndi ku Ethiopia kumpoto mpaka Namibia ndi Mozambique kumwera.
• Giant amakhala kumayiko ambiri kumwera kwa Africa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu onse ndi a ku Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya,
• Woody pangolin - pakati + kumadzulo kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Kongo kummawa kupita ku Senegal kumadzulo, kuphatikiza zigawo za Mtsinje wa Niger, ndi Mtsinje wa Congo,
• Longtery amakhala m'nkhalango za kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic pakati pa Guinea ndi Angola, kudzera ku Central African Republic kupita ku Sudan ndi Uganda.

Zitsanzo za ma taolins okhala ndi michira italiitali komanso ku Malaysia nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo olimidwa, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti abuluzi amakakamizidwa kufikira anthu. Nthawi zina, amawonedwa m'malo omwe anthu amachitapo kanthu chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Buluzi ambiri amakhala pamtunda, m'makola omwe amadzipangira okha kapena nyama zina.

Izi ndizodabwitsa! Mtengo wautali komanso wamtchire (mitundu yamatchi yam'madzi) umakhala m'nkhalango pamitengo ndipo umathawira m'maenje, osakonda kukwera pamapiri. Mtundu wamtundu wa India umathanso kukwera pamitengo, koma uli ndi burashi yake pansi panthaka, motero imawerengedwa ngati yapadziko lapansi.

Mitengo yamtengo wamtundu wamtchire imakhala m'mitengo, pomwe mitundu yapadziko lapansi imakumba tansi pansi panthaka mpaka mamita 3.5.

Kodi pangolin amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Armadillo Pangolin

Pangolin ndi nyama zopanda chitetezo. Gawo la mkango pazakudya limakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya nyerere + chisa, koma limatha kuphatikizidwa ndi tizilombo tina, makamaka mphutsi. Zili mwanjira inayake ndipo zimakonzekera kudya mtundu umodzi kapena umodzi wa tizilombo, ngakhale mitundu yambiri ilipo. Buluzi amatha kudya kuchokera ku 145 mpaka 200 g ya tizilombo patsiku. Pangolin ndi wofunikira pakuwongolera anthu okhala kumalo okhala.

Ziphuphu sizimawona bwino, motero zimadalira kwambiri kununkhira kwake ndi kumva. Nyama zimazindikira fungo la fungo ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito maulo awo kutsogolo kuti zisegwere zisa zawo.Kusowa kwa mano mu pangolins kunalola mawonekedwe ena a thupi, omwe amathandiza kudya nyerere ndi chiswe.

Izi ndizodabwitsa! Kapangidwe ka lilime ndi m'mimba zawo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kudzimbidwa kwa tizilombo. Malovu otambalala amapanga nyerere ndi chiswe kumamatira kumalirime awo aatali. Kuperewera kwa mano sikuloleza ma phunol kutafuna, komabe, kupeza chakudya, kumeza miyala yaying'ono (gastrolites). Zambiri m'mimba, zimathandizira kupera.

Kapangidwe kazigoba kawo kali kolimba, ndipo kutsogolo kwawo kwamphamvu kuli kothandiza pophwanya chimbudzi. Pangolins amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zawo zamphamvu zakutsogolo kuti zimayang'ana m'mitengo, nthaka ndi masamba posaka nyama. Amagwiritsanso ntchito zilankhulo zina kufufuzira zingwe za zingwe ndi nyama. Mitengo yamatanda yamtengo wapatali imagwiritsa ntchito michira yawo yolimba, yopindika kuti ipange nthambi zamitengo ndikuchepetsa makungwawo, ndikuwulula zisa zamkati mkati.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Pangolin Beast

Ma ululu wambiri ndi nyama zausiku zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito fungo lokhazikika pofufuza tizilombo. Raptor Yaitali-Yotentha imagwiranso ntchito masana, pomwe mitundu ina imakhala nthawi yayitali kugona. Amawerengedwa ngati zolengedwa zobisika komanso zobisika.

Ma peol ena amayenda ndi zikhadabo zakutsogolo pansi pa pilo la miyendo yawo, ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito piloyo yonse m'manja ndi kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma pangolin ena nthawi zina amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo iwiri ndikuyenda masitepe angapo ndi miyendo iwiri. Ma Pangolins nawonso amasambira abwino.

• Indian pangolin amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo nkhalango, nkhalango, zigwa kapena mapiri. Imakhala m'makola, kuchokera pansi mpaka 2 mpaka 6 m, koma ndikutha kukwera mitengo,
• Chinese pangolin amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zowuma. Ali ndi mutu waching'ono wokhala ndi chopindika. Ndi miyendo yolimba ndi zibwano, amakumba mabowo mita ziwiri pasanathe mphindi 5,
• Pangolin waku Philippines akhoza kukhala kuti anali a mtundu wa mtundu wa malanin omwe amabwera kuchokera ku Borneo koyambirira kwa Pleistocene kudzera milatho yamtunda yomwe idapangidwa panthawi yamaluwa.
• Mala pangolin amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, ma savannah ndi madera okhala ndi masamba wandiweyani. Khungu la miyendo ndi loyera ndipo limakhala laimvi kapena lotuwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono,
• Pangolin temminckii ndizovuta kuzindikira. Kuphatikizidwa kubisala m'malo okhala ndi masamba owuma. Ali ndi mutu waching'ono pokhudzana ndi thupi. Pangolin wamkulu amakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'matanthwe momwe mumakhala madzi. Uwu ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa 140 cm mwa zazimuna mpaka mpaka 120 cm mwa akazi,
• Mitengo yamtengo wamtondo imagona panthambi za mitengo kapena pakati pa mbewu. Pakusintha, amatha kukweza mamba ndikusunthira lakuthwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito minofu kusunthira mamba ndikubwerera. Amapereka mawu okalipa akamaopsezedwa
• Paliol yayitali yokhala ndi mchira wotalika masentimita 60. Ili ndiye mtundu wocheperako. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mchira wake khumi, zimatsogolera moyo. Kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo sikudziwika, koma kumatha kukhala zaka makumi awiri mu ukapolo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Pangolin Lizard

Pangolin ndi nyama zosungulumwa. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi, ndipo amalemera 40% koposa. Amakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Mitundu ya ku Africa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mwana m'modzi pakatikati, mitundu ya ku Asia imatha kukhala ndi mmodzi kapena atatu. Nthawi yakukhwima sikuwoneka bwino. Pangolins amatha kubereka nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ngakhale kuti nthawi ya Novembala mpaka March imakhala yabwino kwa iwo.

Chochititsa chidwi! Popeza ma pangol ndi nyama zokhazokha, ayenera kupezana wina ndi mnzake munjira za fungo. Wamphongo, mmalo moyang'ana wamkazi, amawonetsa komwe amakhala ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe, ndipo zazikazi zimazifunafuna.

Popikisana ndi mkazi, olembetsawo amagwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati lingaliro pomenyera mwayi wokwatirana. Mimba imatenga miyezi inayi mpaka isanu, kupatula abuluzi a ku Philippines, momwe kubereka kwa mwana kumatenga miyezi iwiri yokha.

Khansa yam'madzi yaying'ono imabadwa kutalika kwa 15 cm ndipo imalemera pakati pa 80 ndi 450 g.Pamabadwa, maso ake amakhala otseguka ndipo chovala chake chowoneka ndiofewa. Pakupita masiku ochepa, amayamba kuwuma ndi kuda, ofanana ndi abuluzi akuluakulu. Amayi amateteza ana awo powakulunga ndi matupi awo opindika, ndipo, monga nyama zonse zomwe zimayamwa, azidyetsa mkaka, womwe umapezeka m'magulu amodzi a mabere.

Ng'ombe zimadalira mayi wawo mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa, choyamba amasiya kabowo ndikuyamba kudya chakudya chamasamba. Nthawi zamtunduwu, ana amakhalabe pafupi ndi amayi (nthawi zina, amagwiritsitsa mchira, ndikutukuka pamwamba pake). Izi zimathandizira khanda pakavulazidwe, kubisala mwachangu pansi pa mayiyo mukadzitchinjiriza ndi kudziteteza. Pazaka ziwiri, ana amakhala okhwima pogonana ndikusiyidwa ndi amayi awo.

Adani achilengedwe a zopweteka zam'mimba

Akapweteka a m'mawawa atawopsezedwa, amatha kupindika kuti akhale mpira kuti adziteteze. Makala okhala lakuthwa panthawiyi amakhala ngati zida zankhondo, kuteteza khungu losatetezeka ndikuthamangitsa olusa. Akapindika mu mpira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyikhulupirira.

Akapindika mu mpira, amatha kumayenda m'mbali mwa msewu, poyendetsa 30 mita m'masekondi 10. Ma pangolin amathanso kutsanulira adani omwe angathe kukhala olusa ndi madzi amphamvu, onunkhira.

Chochititsa chidwi! Pangolins amapanga mankhwala onunkhira kuchokera ku tiziwalo tating'ono ta anus, lomwe limafanana ndi kutsitsi la skunk.

Kuphatikiza pa anthu, omwe amadyesa mabatani ndi awa:

Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha pangolin ndi munthu. Ku Africa, ma pangolins amasakidwa ngati chakudya. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamtchire yamtchire. Ma Pangolin amafunikiranso ku China chifukwa nyama amaonedwa kuti ndiwopatsa thanzi, ndipo achi China (monga anthu ena a ku Africa) amakhulupirira kuti masikelo a pangolin amachepetsa kutupa, kusintha magazi ndikuthandizira azimayi pa nthawi yobala kuti apange mkaka.

Mankhwalawa achepetsa kwambiri chitetezo chamthupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ma genetic, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osalimba kwambiri. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda monga chibayo, zilonda, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zingayambitse imfa isanakwane.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Pangolin

Mitundu yonse ya ululu wamkati umasakidwa kuti ikhale ndi nyama, khungu, masikelo ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi zomwe zimayesedwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe kukuchepa m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Pali zowopsa zingapo paololin:

• Ziwonetsero
• Mafuta omwe amawononga malo awo okhala,
• Ulimi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kusaka nyama.

Aulamuliro adalanda magalimoto, mabokosi ndi matumba a nyama, mamba ndi nyama yamoyo. Ogulitsa zinyama amazigulitsa kwa makasitomala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyama kuti adye. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma Pangolin ku China kumawonjezeka m'miyezi yozizira kwambiri chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti magazi a pangolin amathandizira kuti thupi lizitentha komanso limathandizira kugonana. Ngakhale oletsedwa, pali malo odyera achi China omwe amatumikirabe nyama ya pangolin pamitengo kuyambira 50 mpaka 60 mumauro.

Pangolin amakhulupiriranso kuti ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Mamba yomwe imagwidwa mumphete imakhala ngati talisman for rheumatism. Magulu ena a anthu amasakaniza mamba ndi mitengo kuchokera ku mitengo, akukhulupirira kuti izi zidzateteza ku ufiti ndi mizimu yoyipa. Nthawi zina miyeso imawotchedwa kuti nyama zakuthengo zizichoka. Mitundu ina imakhulupirira kuti mnofu wa zilonda zam'mimba umakhala ngati aphrodisiac. Ndipo m'malo ena amaperekedwa nsembe pamiyambo yoyitanitsa mvula.

Chitetezo cha Pangolin

Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Pangolin

Zotsatira zakusaka, kuchuluka kwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu yonse kunagwa kwambiri ndipo nyamazo zinawopsezedwa kuti zidzawonongeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 zino.

Zindikirani! Pofika mchaka cha 2014, IUCN idatulutsa mitundu inayi monga yosatetezeka, mitundu iwiri - Indian pangolin (M. crassicaudata) ndi Philippine pangolin (M. culionensis) - monga momwe adawopsezera, ndipo mitundu iwiri - M. javanica ndi Chinese paolin - monga akuwopseza kusowa. Onsewa adalembedwa mu Red Book.

Nyamazi zidazunzidwa koopsa, ndipo nthumwi za Msonkhano wa 17th wa International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES) ku Johannesburg, South Africa, adavota kuti aletse malonda apadziko lonse a 2016.

Njira inanso polimbana ndi kugwirira kwa mitundu ingapo mwachisawawa ndi “kuwerengetsa ndalama” za nyama, ndi cholinga chofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe obwera akuchotsa poletsa ndalama. Mu chaka cha 2018, bungwe lachi China losakhala boma lidayamba kuyenda - Pangolin moyo, kuyitanitsa kuyanjana kopulumutsa nyama yapadera. Gulu la TRAFFIC lazindikira njira zopitilira 159 ndipo likufuna kuziletsa.

Ma ululu wa ku Africa

Mitundu ya ku Africa ndi:

1) Giant Raptor (Manis gigantea). Chopambana kwambiri kuposa ululu wonse. Zimapezeka ku Central ndi West Africa, zimatsogolera moyo wokhalitsa.

Pa chithunzichi, panaolin wamkulu amawonetsa lilime lake lalitali.

2) Buluzi wa steppe (Manis temminckii). Imapezeka m'misika komanso mapiri a South ndi East Africa. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala m'mizere yotalika mamita angapo, kumathera m'chipinda chozungulira, nthawi zina chokulirapo kuti chikwanire kuti munthu akhale wokwanira kutalika.

Mu chithunzichi, steppe pangolin inazungulira ndikukhala mpira woteteza. Izi zimateteza bwino ziwalo za thupi: chibwano, khosi, m'mimba komanso mawonekedwe amkati mwa miyendo.

3) Buluzi wautali (wamiyendo inayi) (Manis tetradactyla). Imapezeka m'nkhalango za ku West Africa, imakhala ndi moyo wopanda nkhawa. Ili ndi mchira wautali kwambiri. Mtunduwu uli ndi zolemba zingapo za caudal vertebrae pakati pa zolengedwa - 46-47. Amayesetsa kupewa abale ake akuluakulu, amasuntha masana akusaka zisa zofewa za nyerere ndi zisa zamtundu wamitengo, kapena kuwononga nsonga za tizilombo.

4) Raptor-wokhala ndi mutu (Manis tricuspis). Amakhala ku Central ndi West Africa, umakhala m'malo a 20-30 mahekitala a m'nkhalango. Amasiyana pamiyeso yaying'ono. Kumapeto kwa mchira pali malo opanda kanthu, okhala ndi chida cham'maso, chomwe chimamuthandiza kupeza malo abwino ogwidwa.

Pa chithunzichi, paliolin wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera atapachika nthambi yake ndi mchira wake wautali, wolimba.

Zowawa za ku Asia

Mitundu ya ku Asia imasiyana ndi anzawo aku Africa makamaka chifukwa cha ubweya pamunsi pazotengera. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi a ku Africa, Asia ndi ochepa. Saphunziridwanso komanso ngati Africa. Amakhala m'madambo, m'nkhalango zamvula komanso m'malo otsetsereka a kumapiri, koma kulikonse ndi ochepa. Mitundu yaku Asia ikuphatikiza:

1) Indian Raptor (Manis crassicaudata). Mtunduwu, wokhala ndi mwayi waukulu, amakhala ku India. Amapweteka ambiri am'm India amakhala ndi moyo wokhalitsa padziko lapansi.

2) Buluzi wa Javanese (Indochinese) (Manis javanica). Kugawidwa ku Indonesia ndi Indochina. Amamva bwino pansi komanso pamitengo.

3) Chinese (eared) buluzi (Manis pentadactyla). Imapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zam'mwera kumpoto kwa India, Nepal ndi kumwera kwa China. Amasiyana ndi abale ake ndi auricles opangidwa bwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala padziko lapansi, koma pakagwa ngozi amatha kukwera mtengo mosavuta.

M'mabuku ena, mtundu wina wasonyeza - buluzi wa ku Philippines (Manis culionensis). End End to Philippines, wopezeka kuzilumba zingapo za Philippines ku m'chigawo cha Palawan.

Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndidawona paliolin (lat. Pholidota), mutha kusankha kuti muli ndi armadillo, koma izi ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri. Pangolin abuluzi omwe ndi anyama ambiri anyamayi. Dzina la abuluzi limachokera ku liwu loti "pengguling", lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Malay amatanthauza "kupindika kukhala mpira". Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakabuka vuto, maapoolin nthawi zambiri amapinda kukhala mpira.

Dzinalo lenileni mu Chilatini limamveka ngati Pholidota. Ziphuphu za mtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa ma sentimita 30 mpaka 88, ndipo kukula kwa mchira wawo nthawi zambiri kumafanana ndi kukula kwa thupilo palokha. Nyama yaikazi imasiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake.

Padziko lonse lapansi pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya "chinjoka-hedgehogs" (tiwayitanire osangalatsa). Ena mwa iwo - mitundu inayi - amakhala kumadera aku South ndi Equatorial Africa, ndi ena onse - ku Southeast Asia.

Mtundu uliwonse umakhala wapadera m'njira zake. Chifukwa chake, tsopano mwachangu tithana ndi mitundu yonse ya zowawa, ndipo tidzakambirana za mitundu iliyonse payokha.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, nthawi zina zimatha kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi la nyama. Thupi lonse lakumwamba, kuyambira pakati pa chizungulire mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira, limakutidwa ndi mizere yayikulu yamapulogalamu amiyala ya imvi kapena yofiirira. Milozi imathandizira kuti nyamayo ikhale yopendekera, ngakhale kuti imachepera. Mphuno zokha, m'mimba ndi mkati mwa miyendo zokha zomwe zimakhala "zopanda chitetezo". Masamba awa amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya waufupi, waubweya.

M'mphepete mwenimweni mwa chilichonse chimasonyezedwa. Popita nthawi, amatha kutha, koma atsopano amawonekera m'malo awo. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa ma flakes sikunasinthe. Chophimba cha "chinjoka" chimenecho chimagwira ntchito zodzitetezera zokha ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi chivundikiro cha nyanga cha zokwawa, monga mamba.

Pangolins amadya nyerere ndi chiswe, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake zimawoneka pang'ono ngati zifaniziro, makamaka phokoso lalitali ndi khomo laling'ono. Monga nyama zonse zokhala ndi chakudya choterechi, lilime lamkati limakhala lalitali komanso lomata. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40. Minofu yomwe imayendetsa lilime kuti ichitepo kanthu imadutsa m'chifuwa ndikufika ku pelvis.

Alibe mano, motero, kuti akupera chakudya chamoyo, makoma am'mimba amakhala okutidwa ndi keratinized epithelium yokhala ndi zophuka za keratinized. Kuphatikiza pa izi, pangolin imatha kumeza miyala ing'onoing'ono, yomwe imathandizanso pakusankha chakudya.

Amalandira chakudya ndikang'amba khoma la anth ndi miyendo yamphamvu yamiyendo. Koma si zonse. Ndikupezeka kuti malovu a m'molin amakopeka kwambiri ndi nyerere, ndipo zimathamangira kwa iye ngati uchi.

Maso ang'onoting'ono amakutidwa ndi eyelon eyel, omwe amateteza bwino kwambiri kuti asagwidwe ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Buluzi siliyenera kuwerengera kuti liziona komanso kumva, koma fungo lake ndi labwino kwambiri.

Ma pangolin ndi nyama zamadzulo. Amakhala m'mabowo akuya kapena m'maenje. Mitundu ina imakwera mitengo bwino. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono - osaposa 3.5 - 5 km / h. Chifukwa chake, pakaopsezedwa, iwo amapindika kuti akhale mpira ndikuphimba mitu yawo ndi mchira wamphamvu. Kuti muwatsatire amafunika mphamvu ndi ukwanira. Zidani zazikulu zokha komanso zamphamvu, monga ankhandwe kapena agalu, ndi omwe angachite izi. Chitetezo chinanso cha chinsolin ndi chinsinsi chonunkha chomwe chimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku tiziwalo tambiri.

Nyama izi ndizosilira, nthawi zina ungakumane ndi mkazi wokhala ndi kamwana kakang'ono kumbuyo kwake. Mbeu zimabedwa kamodzi pachaka, nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 4-5. Ma painolins aku Africa nthawi zambiri amabereka mwana 1, ndipo amodzi ku Asia kuyambira 1 mpaka 3. Mwanayo amabadwa atakulira bwino, koma wopanda tsitsi komanso mabulashi ofewa, omwe amayamba kuuma m'masiku ochepa.

Monga zolengedwa zonse zoyamwitsa, nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wawo, ana a pangolin amadya mkaka wa amayi, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amasintha kudya chakudya chokoma. Pakakhala ngozi, mayiyo amabisa mwana wake mwachangu mu "mphete" ya thupi lake.

Kuphatikizika kwa pangolin kumaphatikizapo banja lokhalo Lizard (Manidae) wokhala ndi majini amakono, momwe mumakhala mitundu 8, ndipo tsopano tidziwa aliyense wa iwo. Poyambira, lingalirani za "Africa" ​​(omwe amakhala ku South kapena ku Equatorial Africa):

1. Mkwatulo Wautali Wautali (Uromanis tetradactyla) Amakhala pamitengo yamvula yamvula yaku West Africa. Ili ndi mchira wautali kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 30-40 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi 60-70 cm.

2. Giator Raptor (Smutsia gigantea) Chachikulu koposa zonse.Kutalika kwake kumafika 75-80 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo ndi 50-65 cm.Mapaipi a nyanga ndi akulu kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi buluzi wautali kwambiri, imakonda kukhala pansi ndikukumba mabowo. Amakhala ku Central ndi West Africa.

3. Mkwatibwi wokhala ndi mutu (Phataginus tricuspis) Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 35-45 masentimita, mchirawo ndi 40-50 cm. Kuchokera pa dzinali kumveka kuti tsitsi lomwe lili pamimba pake ndilopepuka. Komanso, mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma spikes ang'ono. Amakhala m'nkhalango za West ndi Central Africa. Miyoyo m'mitengo.

Steppe Raptor (Smutsia temminckii) Wosachedwa komanso wosowa kwambiri wamitundu 8. Malo okhalamo mapiri ndi mapiri aku East ndi South Africa. Amakonzekera kukhala pansi.

Tsopano, mitunduyi yomwe ikupezeka ku Southwest Asia:

1. Philippine Raptor (Manis culionensis) Zimakhala zokhazokha kuzilumba zingapo za ku Philippines zomwe zili gawo la Palawan.

2. Indian Raptor (Manis crassicaudata) Mtundu wokhawo womwe umakumba kamakumba kakang'ono kamathero m'chipinda chodyera. Miyoyo, monga momwe mumamvesera kale, ku India. Kutalika kwa thupi - 60-65 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira - 45-50 cm. Imakutidwa ndi mamba akulu a mtundu wakuda.

3. Javanese Raptor (Manis javanica) Imamveka bwino mu chisoti chokhwima cha mitengo komanso pamalo abwino. Ili ndi malo akuluakulu okhala. Mutha kukumana naye pachilumba cha Malacca, ku Indochina ndi Indonesia. Imakutidwa ndi mulingo wapakatikati ndi ubweya wa bulauni.

4. Adakwera Raptor (Manis pentadactyla) Ili ndi dzina lake la auricles opangidwa bwino kwambiri. Amakhala munkhalango za Nepal, South China ndi North India. Imakonda nthaka yolimba pansi pa mapazi ake, koma imathanso kukwera mitengo ngati pangafunike. Kutalika kwa thupi - 50-60 cm, mchira - 30-40 cm.

Maonekedwe awo akunja anali nyambo yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu. Anthu okhala komweko samawagulira nyama yambiri, yomwe imakonda ngati nkhumba, koma makamaka kwa masikelo ndi khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ena amati nyanga zawo ndi mphamvu yozizwitsa - kutetezedwa ku mikango, ndi ena - kutetezedwa ku ufiti ndi matenda.

Mu 2012, oyang'anira malo aku Thailand amayang'ana paolin pamsonkhano wa atolankhani ku Bangkok, Thailand. Akuluakulu a kasitomala adapulumutsa ululu wopweteketsa 138 womwe ndi mtengo wokwanira $ 46,000, womwe anali atatsala pang'ono kutulutsa mdziko muno ndikudya. (Apichart Weerawong / Associated Press)

Ma peolins awiri opulumutsidwa atakhala m'basiketi, Bangkok, Thailand. (Sakchai Lalit / Associated Press)

Pangolin amatha kuyimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti awone bwino mtunda. Komanso, chithandizo chawo chachikulu ndicho mchira. Pakachitika ngozi, mtima wambiri umayamba kuteteza. Amangopindika mpaka mpira, komanso amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limawopseza mdani. Ngati paolin yapindika kukhala mpira, zimakhala zovuta kuyikapo.

Pangolin ndizovuta kwambiri kukhala muukapolo, chifukwa chakudya chachikulu cha ma dinosaurs ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha. M'mimba mwa buluzi pakhoza kukhala kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 2000 g la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ndi chiswe.

Moyo wa Pangolin

Ma pangolin makamaka amadzuka usiku (kupatula paol wa ku Africa wamisala yayitali), ndipo, monga lamulo, amangokhala okha. Masana, mitundu yapadziko lapansi ya Africa imakhala m'malo otetezedwa ndi nyama zina, ndipo mitengo ya mitengo imapumira m'maenje kapena m'makona a mitengo, omwe amapindika pakati pa epiphytes kapena m'nthambi zazitali. Amakwera mitengo yolumikizira yamitengo mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zakutsogolo, ndipo m'mbali mwa makatani amatchinga amatchinjiriza.

Mikango imayenda pang'onopang'ono, kukumba kwakukulu kumalepheretsa kuyenda ndikuchepetsa kuyenda. Ikamayenda, chilombocho chimawakhotera mkati ndi masitepe pansi ndi mbali zakunja za kutsogolo kwake. Koma ngati kupweteka kwa m'miyendo kukupita kumbuyo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati chopondera, amatha kuyenda mofulumira (mpaka 5 km / h).

Pangolins samatha kuona komanso kumva, koma amatha kudzitamandira fungo labwino - moyo wawo wonse wamakhalidwe umayendetsedwa ndi fungo. Pangolins amauza abale awo za kupezeka kwawo, akumwaza ndowe m'njira m'njira ndikusiyira mayina amkodzo komanso kubisala kwa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa m'mitengo. Pamagi, oyandikana nawo akhoza kuphunzira za kuchuluka kwa kubereka komanso kutchuka.

Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi ma pangolins limakhala laling'ono komanso lakumaso.

Zakudya

Ma pangol a mitundu yonse ndi nyama zopanda chitetezo. Amakonda kwambiri nyerere ndi chiswe, ndipo, monga zimbalangondo zaku South America, ma papool amapeza malo awo okhala ndi lilime lalitali.

Pangolins amagwiritsa ntchito zopondera zawo zamphamvu kuti awononge zisa za zadothi ndi nyerere. Giant chamolin imatha kudya nyerere 200,000 ndi kulemera konse mpaka magalamu 700 usiku uliwonse.

Mafuta a pakolin akatha, maso a nyamayo kuchokera kuluma nyerere amateteza matope amiyendo, pomwe minofu yapadera imaletsa mphuno.

Zokhudza banja

Nthawi yakukonzekera kwa ma lamolon imagwera pa Seputembara-Okutobala. Mimba imatenga masiku 65-70 (Indian pangolin) mpaka masiku 139 (steppe ndi white-bellies pain). Kubala kwa ana kumachitika kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi. Akazi amitundu yamtundu wa ku Africa nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi mkono umodzi wolemera 200-500 magalamu, ku Asia 2 ndipo ngakhale ana atatu nthawi zambiri amabadwa. Mitundu yaing'onoting'ono itangobadwa, imangomatira mchira wa amayi awo ndipo imatha kuyikwera mpaka kumapeto kwa kuyamwitsa, ngakhale mpaka miyezi itatu yakutha. Pangozi, amayi amateteza ana mwa kuwapotoza mozungulira iwo. Zilombo zamtundu wa padziko lapansi zimabadwa mdzenje, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba amayenda mchira wa amayi awo ali ndi milungu 2-4 wazaka.

Pa chithunzichi: pangolin wachichepere kwambiri wakwera mchira wa amayi ake.

Pangolins amatha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka ziwiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Buluzi wa Pangolin ndi nyama zopanda chitetezo. Pamtima pa chakudyacho pali mitundu ya zandalama ndi nyerere, mazira awo. Zakudya zina sizikopa nyama. Chakudya chochepa, chakudya chofananira chimakhala chotchinga chachikulu pakusunga nyama mu ukapolo, kunyumba.

Usiku, chinolin chachikulu pakasaka chimadya nyerere 200,000. M'mimba, chakudya chambiri ndi pafupifupi 700 gramu. Nyama yanjala ikhoza kuwononga nyerere zambiri pakati theka la ola, ndikudzaza m'mimba ndi chakudya chochuluka mpaka 1.5-2 kg. Chakudya cha Pangolin Tizilombo timakhala tambiri, choncho nyama zimafunika madzi nthawi zonse.

Sizachilendo kuti zolengedwa zazikazi zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zamvula zotentha. Mbawala zam'madzi zimamwa madzi, ngati zimbalangondo, kudzera pa lilime, lomwe limanyowa ndikulowetsa mkamwa.

Zovala zamphamvu pamawondo zimathandizira kuwononga zisa zadothi za chimbalanga. Nyama imaphwanya khoma la anthill. Kenako lilime lalitali limasanthula nyererezo. Malovu amisala ali ndi fungo lokoma ngati fungo la uchi.

Nyerere zimamatirira lilime loonda. Mukakwanira, mankhwalawa amakoka lilime lake mkamwa mwake, akumeza nyama. Ngati sizotheka kuthana ndi kachilomboka panthawiyo, ma kolonamu amawagwiritsa ntchito malovu ngati guluu kuti abwererenso tsiku lotsatira kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Njira ina yopezera chakudya kuchokera ku matumbo amafuta. Zimalowa zisa zachilengedwe pansi pa khungwa la mitengo. Atapachikidwa pamisala ya abuluzi amapeza malo osungirako nyama zambiri, amang'amba zidutswa za makungwa ndi zikhadabo zawo ndikuyambitsa lilime lokoma mkati.

Kuchokera kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, buluziyo amaphimba m'maso ndi minyewa ya minofu, minyewa yapadera imateteza mphuno.

Kuphatikiza pa nyerere, chimbudzi, mitundu ina ya zopweteka zam'mimba zimadyera pama cickets, mphutsi, ndi ntchentche.

Kupukusa chakudya kumayendetsedwa ndi miyala yamiyala, mchenga. Zimakupera tizilombo, ndipo mano owuma m'mimba, epithelium yochokera mkati imathandiza kugaya chakudya.

Malo osungira

Pangolin akufuna kwambiri chifukwa cha nyama ndi mamba, chifukwa chomwe ndi nyama izi zonse zomwe zimayambitsa malonda popanda chilolezo. Nyama yomwe imakoma ngati nkhumba imawonedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, ndipo masikelo apezeka kuti akugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. M'miyambo yambiri ya ku Asia, akukhulupirira kuti ufa wochokera mamba a nyama izi ndiwachiritsa komanso aphrodisiac. Ma pangolin aphedwa ndikugulitsidwa mobera kwa nthawi yayitali, kusaka mosasamala mitundu yonse, ndipo njira yawo yayikulu yodzitetezera kwa zilombo (ma chamolins amapindika mu mpira mwamphamvu) zimapangitsa kugwira nyama izi ngati ntchito yosavuta. Zonsezi zadzetsa kuti lero ma dinosaurs ali pafupi kuwonongedwa.

Kuyambira 1994, mitundu yonse ya abuluzi imaphatikizidwa ndi CITES Appendix II. Ngakhale amatetezedwa ndi malamulo m'maiko ambiri, bungwe losauka lazamalamulo limasokoneza zofunikira zamalamulo m'mayiko ambiri. Vuto lina ndilakuti, ngakhale aletse malonda a mitundu yayitali ya Asia, nthawi zambiri, kuzindikiritsa mitundu ya masikelo ndi masikelo ndikosatheka popanda kuwunika kodula. Chifukwa chake, njira zomwe zilipo kuti ateteze ma lipolin sizigwira ntchito, chifukwa nthawi zambiri maofesi amtundu sazindikira kuti ndi mtundu wanji womwe ungagulitsidwe.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa abuluzi kudapangitsa kuti zikwaniritse izi, zopezeka ku China ndi Vietnam, achiwembu adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ogulitsa nyama ochokera kumayiko ena aku Southeast Asia ndi Indian subcontinent. Akuluakulu amisakho nthawi zonse amachotsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matani a nyama ndi mazira a pangolin. Poganizira za kukhalapo kwa atolankhani oterewa pa anthu a khonolin, IUCN adalemba mitundu iwiri yaku Asia yomwe ili "pachiwopsezo".

Pomwe kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Asia kukuchepa, kufunika kwa mitundu ya ku Africa kukukwera. IUCN idaphatikizaponso mitundu inayi yonse yamankhwala opweteka a ku Africa omwe ali m'gulu la "osatetezeka", makamaka chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kupha nyama, komwe kumatengera nyamazi ku Asia.

Pazaka khumi zapitazi, zopweteka zopitilira 1 miliyoni zaphedwa ndi anthu andewu pofuna kupeza nyama ndi mamba. Popeza abuluzi ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti mitundu yonse ya zilonda zam'mimba izitha.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nyengo yokhadzula ya painolins imayamba kumapeto, ndikuyamba kwa September. Kutalika kwa matupi amtundu wa India mpaka masiku 70, mu steppe ndi abuluzi oyera okhala ndi matanda oyera - mpaka masiku 140. Buluzi waku Africa amapeza mkono umodzi, abuluzi aku Asia amadzuka atatu. Kulemera kwa makanda kuli pafupifupi 400 g, kutalika ndi mpaka 18 cm.

Pambuyo pobadwa, masikelo a ana amakhala ofewa, kuwuma pambuyo pa masiku ochepa. Pakatha milungu iwiri, makanda amagwiritsitsa mchira wa amayi, amawatsata kufikira atapeza ufulu. Tizilombo toyamwa timayamba kuyambira mwezi umodzi. Pangozi, azimayi amatha kuwazungulira khanda. Pangolins amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 2.

Moyo wamawawa umatha pafupifupi zaka 14. Akatswiri obereketsa amayesa kuchulukitsa anthu ndikukhala ndi moyo kwa abuluzi odabwitsa, koma pali zovuta zambiri zopeza ana athanzi a nyama zosowa izi.

Anthu ambiri akudziwa paolin pa chithunzi, koma chinthu chachikulu ndikuchisunga m'malo achilengedwe kuti mbiri yakale ya kukhalapo kwawo isawonongeke chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu.