Woyeseza wa ku Europe, kapena ndi mnzake (lat. Capreolus capreolus) ndi membala wambiri komanso wocheperako wa banja la Cervidae ku Europe. Ichi ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri komanso yamantha, chifukwa chake sanawone ngati chinthu chofunikira kusaka ngati chinthu chofunikira kusaka. Kusaka iye ndi agalu ndikosatheka.

Nzika zodziwika bwino za ku Europe zinalandira ufulu wowombera m'chigawo chachiwiri cha m'ma 1900. Kuyambira pamenepo, wakhala chiphaso cholandirika kwa osaka wamba.

Mu 1923, wolemba wa ku Austria Felix Salten adalemba buku la Bambi. Mbiri ya m'nkhalango ”yokhudza moyo wa mbawala yamphongo. Mu 1942, Walt Disney adamaliza ntchito yojambula filimu yotulutsa Bambi, yomwe, pazifukwa zandale, protagonist adasandulika kukhala Virginia deer (Odocoileus virginianus), yemwe amakhala ku North America ndipo ndi wodziwika kwambiri ku America.

Kufalitsa

Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala pafupifupi ku Europe konseko pang'ono ndi ku Asia Minor. Zoyala za ku Europe sizikupezeka ku Sicily komanso kuzilumba za kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean. Ku Greece, anthu ake adangosungidwa ku Olympus National Park kokha, pa Chalkidon Peninsula ndi zilumba zoyandikana nayo.

Ku Asia, roe amakhala ku Israel, Iran, kumpoto kwa Syria ndi Iraq. Malire akum'mawa audutsa amadutsa pakati pa Ukraine ndi zigawo zakumadzulo kwa Russia. Kumpoto, mtunduwo umakhala mpaka 65 ° kumpoto kwa mtunda.

Mbidzi za ku Europe zimakhazikika m'nkhalango, m'mphepete komanso m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe isintha kukhala nkhalango. M'zaka zaposachedwa, akuwonekera kwambiri paminda yolima. M'mapiri, anthu osazindikira mapiri amawoneka m'malire a nkhalango ndi mapiri ataliatali mpaka 2400 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Chiwerengero chonse chikuyerekezedwa ndi atsogoleri 15 miliyoni.

Pakadali pano, ma subspecies 5 amadziwika. Roe ndi mlongo mlongo wa agwape a ku Siberia (capreolus pygargus).

Khalidwe

Abulu a ku Europe kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto amakhala mu magulu angapo a anthu ambiri motsogozedwa ndi azimayi odziwa ntchito. Pakutha kwa dzinja, amayamba kugwera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Amuna okhwima amakhala okha ndipo amalumikizana ndi magulu a akazi pokhapokha atabereka. Ndiwotetezedwa komanso malo achitetezo chamayiko awo. Malire a malo okhala m'nyumba amakhala ndi mkodzo komanso zinsoni za zofukiza zonunkhira zomwe zili pankhope. Dera lake limatha kufika mahekitala 35.

Nyama zimamva bwino kwambiri. Amayankha pazingwe zokayikitsa pamtunda wa 800 m.

Powona ngozi yocheperako pamalo otseguka, thonje limangothamangira 400-500 m.Ndi kuthawa, amakula kuthamanga mpaka 60 km / h. Pothamanga, amapanga kulumpha kwakanthawi mpaka 5-7 kutalika ndi mpaka 2 m kutalika.

Peak yantchitoyo imachitika m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kwa mitundu iyi, nthawi ndi nthawi yomwe imakhazikika pamakhalidwe. Nyama zimapeza msipu, kudyetsa ndikupuma kwa maola awiri. Kenako, kuzungulira kokhazikika kumabwerezedwa. Nthawi yambiri imakhala nthawi yopuma komanso kutafuna chakudya. Kutengera nyengo nyengo ndi nyengo, kuzungulira kumasintha nthawi zonse.

Mbawala za ku Europe zimasambira bwino ndipo ngati zingafunike, zingayambire mitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Capreolus Capreolus ndi wa Artiodactyls, banja Reindeer, subfamily Roe. Agwape a ku Ulaya amaphatikizidwa m'magulu amodzi ndi ogulitsa weniweni ku America. Pali mitundu iwiri ya subfamily iyi ku gawo la Russian Federation: European roe dees and Siberian roe dees. Woyamba ndiye kuyimira zazing'ono kwambiri zamtunduwu.

Mawuwo pawokha amachokera ku liwu Lachilatini capra - mbuzi. Chifukwa chake, dzina lachiwiri la mbawala pakati pa anthu ndi mbuzi yakuthengo. Chifukwa cha malo okhalamo, agwape a ku Europe amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe: subspecies ku Italy ndi subspecies kumwera kwa Spain, komanso makamaka agwape akuluakulu ku Caucasus.

Kanema: European Roe Deer

Dera lokonzanso mbiri yakale lidakhazikitsidwa munthawi ya Neogene. Anthu okhala pafupi ndi mitundu yamakono adadzaza mayiko akumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe, komanso gawo lina la Asia. Mu nthawi ya Quaternary ndikusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, artiodactyls adapitiliza kukhazikitsa malo atsopano ndikufika ku Scandinavia ndi chigwa cha Russia.

Mpaka zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, malo okhala adakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa cha nsomba yayikulu, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo kunayamba kutsika, ndipo mitunduyo, motere, imapangidwanso malo okhala. Mu 60s-80s m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, chifukwa cholimba njira zodzitetezera, kuchuluka kwa agwenso kunayamba kukulanso.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Roe deer ndi nguluwe yaying'ono, kulemera kwa munthu wokhwima m'magulu (wamwamuna) kumafika 32 kg, kukula mpaka 127 cm, kufota mpaka 82 cm (kutengera kutalika kwa thupi, kumatenga 3/5). Monga mitundu yambiri ya nyama, zazikazi ndizocheperako kuposa zazimuna. Amasiyana osati thupi lalitali, lomwe kumbuyo kwake limakhala lokwera kuposa kutsogolo. Makutu ndi otambasulidwa.

Mchirawo ndi wocheperako, mpaka 3 cm, nthawi zambiri osawoneka kuchokera pansi pa ubweya. Pansi pa mchira pali disk kapena "galasi" yamtundu, imakhala yopepuka, nthawi zambiri yoyera. Malo owala amathandizira kulunda kwamphongo panthawi yangozi, kukhala mtundu wa phokoso kwa gulu lonse.

Utoto wa malaya umatengera nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yamdima - awa ndi mithunzi kuyambira imvi mpaka bulauni. M'nyengo yotentha, mtundu umayera kuti ukhale wowala komanso wonyezimira. Mphamvu za thupi ndi mutu sizimasiyananso. Mitundu ya anthu okhwima mwakugonana ndi yemweyo ndipo sizosiyana mwa kugonana.

Ziboda zake ndi zakuda, zakuthwa pamapeto kutsogolo. Pa mwendo uliwonse, awiriawiri azibulu (malinga ndi dzina la unit). Ziboda za akazi oyimilira amtunduwu ali ndi zofunikira zapadera. Pakati pa chilimwe, amayamba kuwonetsa chinsinsi chapadera chomwe chimadziwitsa amuna za kuyamba kwa miyambo.

Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi nyanga. Amafika kutalika kwa 30 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake mpaka 15 cm, pafupi palimodzi pansi, nthawi zambiri zopindika mu mawonekedwe a zeze, nthambi. Nyanga zimayamba kuwonekera pakama mwezi wachinayi wobadwa, ndipo zimakula pofika zaka zitatu. Akazi alibe nyanga.

Nthawi iliyonse yozizira (kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Disembala), mbawala zimataya nyanga zake. Amabwerera m'mbuyo kokha mchaka (mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi). Pakadali pano, abambo amadzawagwera pamtengo ndi zitsamba. Chifukwa chake, amalemba malo awo ndikutsuka pakhungu lomwe kuti lisatenge nyanga.

Mwa anthu ena, nyanga zimakhala ndi mitundu yachilendo. Sikhala ndi nthambi, ngati nyanga za mbuzi, nyanga iliyonse imayenda molunjika. Amuna oterewa amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa oyimira mitundu ina yamtunduwu. Ikapikisana ndi gawo, lipenga lotere limatha kubaya wolimbana naye ndikumupweteketsa.

Kodi nguluwe waku Europe amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Capreolus сapreolus amakhala m'maiko ambiri ku Europe, Russia (Caucasus), ndi maiko a Middle East:

Agulu amtunduwu amasankha madera okhala ndi udzu wautali, nkhalango zowala, mapesi ndi kunja kwa nkhalango yowirira. Amakhala munkhalango zowuma ndi zosakanikirana, nkhalango zamapiri. Mu nkhalango zachilengedwe zophatikizika zimapezeka pamaso pa masamba a mitundu yopingika. Imalowera mbali zodyera m'mphepete mwa mitengo. Koma mdera la ma steppes enieni ndi zipululu sizikhala.

Nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo okwera pafupifupi 200-600 m pamwamba pa nyanja, koma nthawi zina imapezeka m'mapiri (mapiri a alpine). Mbawala za Roe zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu m'malo olima, koma m'malo omwe kuli nkhalango pafupi. Pamenepo mungathawire pothana ndi ngozi ndikupuma.

Kuchulukana kwapakati pa nyama kumalo komwe akukhalako kumachulukira kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa nkhalango zowirira. Mukamasankha malo, roe agulu amatengera kupezeka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, komanso malo obisala. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamtunda ndi ziwembu zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo okhala.

Kodi roe waku Europe amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer in Natural

Masana, zochitika za artiodactyl zimasiyana. Nthawi zoyenda ndikupeza chakudya zimasinthidwa ndi nthawi yotafuna chakudya chomwe chimapezeka ndikupuma. Chingwe cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimamangirizidwa ndikuyenda kwa dzuwa. Ntchito yayikulu imawonedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wa kalengedwe:

• malo okhala
• chitetezo,
• kuyandikana ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala,
• nyengo,
• kutalika kwa nthawi masana.

Roe agulu nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito usiku ndi nthawi yotentha, komanso nthawi yozizira m'mawa. Koma ngati kupezeka kwa munthu wapafupi ndi kosavomerezeka, nyamazo zimapita kukadyetsa madzulo ndi usiku. Kudya ndi kutafuna chakudya kumakhala pafupifupi kuzuka konse kwa ma artiodactyls (mpaka maola 16 patsiku).

M'masiku otentha a chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chodyedwa kumachepera, ndipo pakumvumba ndi masiku ozizira nthawi yachisanu, mmalo mwake, mumawonjezeka. M'dzinja, nyamayi imakonzekera nyengo yachisanu, kulemera ndi kusunga michere. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo udzu, bowa ndi zipatso, ma acorn. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba owuma ndi nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya, m'miyezi yozizira, kuyenda kwamiyendo pafupi ndi nyumba ndi minda ya munthu pofunafuna zotsalira za zokolola atakolola. Iwo samadya chomera chonse chokha, nthawi zambiri chimaluma mbali zonse. Madzimadzi amapezeka makamaka kuchokera ku zakudya zam'mera komanso chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa. Nthawi zina amamwa madzi kuchokera kumagwero - kuti apeze mchere.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Khwangwala waku Europe ndi nyama yankhumba, koma ubusa wake suwonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Mwa chikhalidwe chawo, agwape amakonda kukhala pawokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, agwape amasonkhana pagulu ndipo amasamukira kumalo opanda chipale chofewa. M'chilimwe, kusamukira kumadzabweranso kumalo obiriwira ambiri, kenako gulu limasweka.

Ku Europe, agwape sasinthana ndi masinthidwe, koma kusuntha kwamtambo kumachitika kumapiri. M'madera ena a Russia, mtunda wa nomad umafika 200 km. M'nyengo yotentha, anthu amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono: akazi okhala ndi ana amuna, amuna okha, nthawi zina pagulu la anthu atatu.

Pakatikati, abambo okhwima mwakugonana amayambanso kumenyera gawo, ndipo akangothamangitsa mpikisano, sizitanthauza kuyendetsa mtunda mpaka kalekale. Ngati mtunda uli m'malo abwino, zonena za omwe akupikisana nawo zidzapitiliza. Chifukwa chake, amuna amateteza dera lawo mwachisawawa, lembani chinsinsi cha fungo labwino.

Magawo azimayi amakhala olekanitsidwa pang'ono, samakonda kuteteza gawo monga amuna. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa nthawi yakukhwima, mpaka zolinga 30 zimakhala m'magulu. Panthawi yosamukira, kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe kumachulukitsa katatu. Pamapeto pake kusamukira, gulu limasweka, izi zimachitika pakati pa masika, abambo asanabadwe.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Pakati pa chilimwe (Julayi-Ogasiti), agalu aku Europe akuyamba nthawi yoyambira (gon). Munthuyo amakula mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi cha moyo, zazimayi nthawi zina ngakhale koyambirira (kwachiwiri). Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amakhala mwamtopola, amayang'anira gawo, amasangalala kwambiri, amapanga mawu okuwa.

Nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo poteteza gawo ndipo chachikazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akuvulaza mdani. Ogulitsa a Roe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtunda - amatenga amodzi mwa malo, abwerera kuno chaka chamawa. Dera lamphongo limaphatikizapo magawo angapo a kubadwa kwa mwana, akazi omwe amakhala ndi umuna mwa iwo.

Reindeer ndi mitala ndipo nthawi zambiri ndikuphatikiza mkazi m'modzi, wamwamuna amapita kwa wina. Panthawi yachimuna, Amuna amakhala achiwawa osati amuna okha, komanso amuna kapena akazi. Awa ndi masewera omwe amatchedwa kuti mating, pomwe yamphongo imadzutsa wamkazi ndi chikhalidwe chake.

Nthawi ya intrauterine kukula kwa ana amatenga miyezi 9. Komabe, imagawidwa kukhala latent: itatha gawo losweka, ovum samapanga miyezi 4.5, komanso nthawi ya chitukuko (kuyambira Disembala mpaka Meyi). Zachikazi zina zomwe sizimakwatirana mchilimwe zimathiridwa mu December. Mwa anthu otere, nthawi yotsalira imakhalapo ndipo chitukuko cha fetal chimayamba nthawi yomweyo.

Mimba imatenga miyezi 5.5. Mkazi m'modzi amatenga ana awiri amphaka pachaka, achinyamata - 1, okalamba amatha kubereka ana aang'ono a 3-4. Khwangwala wobadwa kumene sangathandize, amabisala mu udzu ndipo ngati ali pangozi yoti sangathe kuphuka. Amayamba kusamalira amayi awo patatha sabata limodzi atabadwa. Wamkazi amadyetsa ana mkaka mpaka miyezi itatu.

Ana amaphunzira msanga ndipo akayamba kuyenda, amaphunzira chakudya pang'onopang'ono - udzu. Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi, theka la chakudya chawo ndi zomera. Pobadwa, agwape amakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino, lomwe koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira limasinthidwa ndi mtundu wachikulire.

Nyama zimalankhulirana m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• fungo: nyemba za sebaceous ndi thukuta, mothandizidwa ndi amunawo azindikire gawo,
• mamvekedwe: Amuna amapanga phokoso mwachindunji panthawi yakukhwima, yofanana ndi kubuwa. Kutseka komwe ma soba amatulutsa pakakhala pangozi,
• kayendedwe ka thupi. Maulendo ena omwe nyamayo imakhala nthawi yowopsa.

Adani achilengedwe azungu agwape aku Europe

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chakulusa mbadwa zachilengedwe ndi adani. Nthawi zambiri mimbulu, zimbalangondo zofiirira, agalu osokera. Ma Artiodactyl amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu nthawi yozizira, makamaka nthawi yamvula. Nast imagwera pansi pa kulemera kwa nguluwe ndipo imatopa msanga, koma nkhandweyo ili pamwamba pa chipale chofewa ndipo imathamangitsa nyama yake.

Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amagwiriridwa ndi nkhandwe, lynxes, martens. Pokhala pagulu, agwape ali ndi mwayi wabwino kuti asagwere ndi omwe amadyera. Nyama imodzi ikaonetsa ma alarm, enawo amachita mantha ndikakumana mulu. Nyama imodzi ikathawa, ma “galasi” ake amayamba kuonekera bwino, omwe anthu ena amatsogolera.

Mukathawa, nguluwe za roe zimatha kudumpha mpaka 7 m kutalika, ndi 2 m kutalika mwachangu 60 km / h. Khama lathamanga silitali, likudutsa mtunda wa mamita 400 pamalo otseguka ndi mamita 100 kunkhalangoko, zimayamba kuthamanga mozungulira, kumazungulira nyama zolusa. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso yachisanu, nyama sizipeza chakudya kapena kufa ndi njala.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: European Roe Deer

Masiku ano, agwiritse ntchito ku Europe ndi ma taxonomies omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa cha kutha. Izi zinapangidwa ndi njira zomwe zatengedwa zaka zaposachedwa kuteteza nyamazo. Kuchulukana kwa anthu sikapitilira 25-25 nyama pa 1000 ha. Chifukwa cha fecundity yayikulu, imatha kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwayo, chifukwa chake imayamba kuchuluka.

Capreolus Capreolus ndi mitundu yosinthika kwambiri, kuchokera ku banja lonse la Deer, mpaka kusintha kwa anthropogenic. Kubisika kwa mitengo, kuchuluka m'dera laulimi, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe. Pokhudzana ndi kulenga koyenera kwa kukhalapo kwawo.

Kudera la Europe ndi Russia, chiwerengerochi ndichachikulu, koma m'maiko ena ku Middle East (Syria) chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa ndipo chimafunikira chitetezo. Pachilumba cha Sisili, komanso ku Israeli ndi Lebano, mitunduyi yatha. Mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi zaka 12 zaka. M'mabwinja, artiodactyl amatha kukhala ndi zaka 19.

Ndi kuchuluka kwakukula kwambiri, anthu amadzilamulira. M'madera omwe mbambo zaphimbidwa, nthawi zambiri amadwala. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwake, pakati pa mitundu yonse ya agwape ndiofunika kwambiri pamalonda. Suede amapangidwa kuchokera pakhungu, nyama ndizopatsa mphamvu zambiri.

Roe nswala -ng'ono wokongola wachisomo, wotchedwa ngati mtundu wamalonda. Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwake ndikokwera. Ndi gulu lalikulu m'dera laling'ono, zimatha kuwononga kwambiri malo obiriwira komanso mbewu.Ili ndi mtengo wofunika wamalonda (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake) ndipo imakongoletsa malingaliro ake ndi nyama zamtchire.

Zopatsa zina:

Club Club "Atmosphere"

Malo achisangalalo "Prirechnoe"

Clublub "Luck"

Malo osodza "gombe la Volga"

Gulu Lophera Usodzi "Forest Fairy Tale"

Holiday Village "Windrose"

Msodzi "Chigwa"

Holiday Village "Laguna"

Holiday Village "Mpendadzuwa"

Holiday Village "Glade"

Holiday Village "Oriole"

Malo opumulira "Golden trout"

Malo osodza ndi zibonga za madera a Saratov

Malo osangalatsa "Makutu a Hare"

Usodzi "Pa Kalinikha"

Malo achisangalalo Chardym-Dubrava

Famu ya Vershinin Trout

Malo osangalalira "Spanse"

Holiday Village "Hut"

Malo osangalatsa "Manor" Mountain Air "

Malo osangalatsa "Metalist"

Kalabu yosodza "Foreland"

Malo osakira "Big Tavolozhka"

Club Club "Berezina Rechka"

Holiday Village "Omanga Nyumba"

Nyama za mdera la Saratov

Mbawala zazimayi za ku Europe, agwape amphaka, mbuzi zamtchire kapena agwape wamba (lat. Capreolus capreolus) ndi nyama yamiyendo ya banja lakhola. Kankhidwe kakang'ono kokongola kokhala ndi thupi lalifupi, kumbuyo kwake komwe ndi kakutali komanso kokulirapo kuposa kutsogolo. Kulemera kwa thupi la amuna ndi 22-32 kg, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 108-126 cm, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 66-81 masentimita (3/5 a kutalika kwa thupi lonse). Akazi ndi ocheperako, koma ambiri agorphism amafotokozeredwa. Mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 20, ngwazi za ku Europe zinali zofala kudera lonse lakumadzulo kwa dera la Saratov; zimapezeka m'chigawo cha Volga m'zigwa za mitsinje ndi malo olimira nkhalango. Kenako, pakati pa zaka zapitazi, Siberian roe C. pygargus adalowetsedwa m'mafamu angapo osaka, omwe adakwaniritsa bwino ndikuyamba kubereka. Nyama za rungu zaku Europe zimasiyana ndi za Siberian kukula kwake: ndizocheperako. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imagwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo, imafunanso zofananira zachilengedwe, koma kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, kokulirapo komanso kwakanthawi kwa pulasitiki ku Siberia kunasinthiratu ina ya European kuchokera kumalo ake okhala. Kuyambira mu 1970s, mitundu ya agalu aku Europe m'derali yakhala ikuchepa.

Zambiri pazomwe zikugawidwa masiku ano zodyetsa ku Europe sizikupezeka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi inzake ndi zizindikilo zakunja, sizikudziwika komwe agwiritse ntchito ku Ulaya. Kumadzulo kwa dera lino, pazaka 12 mpaka 15 zapitazi, zojambula zokhazokha za ku Europe zidalembedwa m'nkhalango za Khvalynsky, Bazarno-Karabulaksky, Baltaysky, Yekaterinovsky, Volsky, ndi Voskresensky. Zinaonedwa m'nkhalango zakumadzi za mitsinje ya Medveditsa (madera a Atkarsky ndi Lysogorsky), Khopra (Rtishchevsky, Arkadaksky, Turkovsky), Volga (Marksovsky, Engelsky, Voskresensky district). Kudera la Volga, nswala za roe sizipezeka kawirikawiri kunkhalango ya Bolshoi Irgiz pafupi ndi malire ndi dera la Samara, m'chigawo cha nkhalango zaboma mkati mwa Kamenny Syrt komanso kumwera kwake.

Mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la dera la Saratov. Mkhalidwe wotetezedwa: 4 - mitundu yosowa kwambiri, yaying'ono, yophunzitsidwa bwino yomwe anthu ake sadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mphamvu zake mdera la Saratov sizinaphunzire. Pazaka 10 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iwiri ya agwape asinthasintha nthawi 2-4.5, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu sikungadziwike. Kuwonongeka kwa manambala kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwedza kwa nsomba, kupha nsomba mochulukitsa, komanso kusakwaniritsa njira zachilengedwe. Udindo wofunikira umachitidwanso ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mimbulu ndi agalu osochera ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, pomwe anthu ofooka amafa ndi anthu opanda chakudya.

Mchirawo umakhala wamtali mpaka 3 cm, pafupifupi wosawoneka, umabisidwa mu ubweya wa "kalilole". Mutu wa mbuzi zakutchire ndi waufupi, wokoka mphuno. Komanso, ndi yotakata kwambiri komanso yokwera pamalo a maso. Pamutu pa mbawala zamkati pali makutu owongoka, kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 13. Maso amtunduwu ndi akulu, ndipo ana amapangika. Roe deer amatha kuyenda mwachangu pamtunda woyipa chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayitali komanso yopyapyala, miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyofupikirapo kuposa kumbuyo, chifukwa kumbuyo kwake kumakhala pang'ono pang'ono kutsogolo ndipo sacrum ndiyokwera pafupifupi 3 cm kuposa scruff.

Chovala cha mbuzi zamtchire zimatengera nyengo ndi zaka. Ana aang'ono amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira komanso loyera. Chovala cha agwape achikulire chimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi utoto wofiirira wakuda nthawi yotentha kapena yofiirira kapena yakuda ndi yoyera nthawi yachisanu. Chophimba chachisanu chimakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda 5-5,5 masentimita kutalika ndi mpweya wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kusungidwe. Amuna a roe okha ndiomwe ali ndi nyanga, ngakhale ndizochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 30 cm kutalika. Nyanga iliyonse imakhala ndi njira zitatu: pakati imalunjika kutsogolo, ndi 2 mmwamba. Pali nyanga zomwe zimayamba kale zaka 4 zakubadwa, ndipo zimakula pokhapokha chaka cha 3. Nyanga zimasiyidwa pachaka mu Okutobala - Disembala, woyamba ndi amuna achikulire, kenako ndi achinyamata. Nyanga zatsopano zimayamba kubwerera m'mbuyo patatha mwezi umodzi. Nyanga zaimphongo zazimuna zimakula mokwanira pofika mwezi wa Marichi - Epulo, mu Epulo - Meyi, nyangazo zimadukiza, ndipo anyamatawo amazikulunga kumtengo ndi nthambi zamitengo, kuyeretsa zotsalira za khungu.

Pali ma tezi oyesa, ma tezi a metatarsal amapangidwa bwino, amasiyanitsidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda wa tsitsi lomwe limakula pamwamba pawo, tiziwalo taku-infraorbital ndiosasinthika - timizere tating'ono tating'ono tachikopa tokha tomwe timatsalira. Mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, amuna, abambo komanso thukuta la scalp ndi khosi limakulitsidwa kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi amuna awo achinsinsi amawonetsa gawo. Mwa mphamvu, malingaliro okoma kwambiri a kununkhiza ndi kumva. Malo osokoneza bongo a mphuno za roe amaposa 90 cm2 (mwa anthu 2,5 cm2), kuchuluka kwa ma cell olakwika ndi 300 miliyoni (mwa anthu pafupifupi 30 miliyoni).

Imakonda, monga malo abwino kwambiri odyetserako chakudya, malo okhala nkhalango zowerengeka, yokhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndipo itazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ndi minda, kapena (nthawi yotentha) imamera udzu wokulirapo. Imapezeka m'ngongole za mabango, m'nkhalango zamadzi osefukira, m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri ndi malo otenthedwa, m'mipanda ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Amapewa kupitiliza nkhalango, kumakhala m'mbali ndi kunja. Imalowera kumadera otsetsereka kudzera m'miyala yamtchire.

Roe deer ndi mtundu wambiri kwambiri wa agwape. Akazi achikulire amabweretsa agwape awiri chaka chilichonse, kuwadyetsa mkaka mpaka atatsala pang'ono miyezi 6 ndikuwasiya pokhapokha ngati akukonzekera kukhala mayi. Nyama zazing'ono zosakwana zaka 1.5 zimaloledwa kuswana ndipo pazaka 2 zakubadwa zimabereka ana awo oyamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi agwape amodzi. Sichosowa kwambiri kuti milandu imalembedwa pomwe akazi achikulire amabweretsa ana atatu kapena anayi.

Kukhazikitsidwa kuti agwape a ku Europe amakhala ndi nthawi ziwiri zowonjezera: zazikulu - mu Ogasiti ndi zina - mu Disembala - Januware. Mu nthawi yachiwiri, akazi amtunduwu omwe, pazifukwa zilizonse, njira ya umuna sinachitike. M'maphunziro abwinobwino, nthawi yoyembekezera imatsitsidwa mpaka miyezi isanu ndipo amabala ana nthawi yokhazikika. Khola lanyumba lamphongo limathira umuna kuyambira Meyi mpaka Januware.

Kupeza chachikazi pachifundo chanunkhira, mbuziyo imayendetsa ana a ng'ombe kwa iye. Mbawala za Roe sizimapanga magulu awiri olimbitsa thupi nthawi yachikondwerero, koma sizikhala ndi zotumphukira zokhala ngati agwape ofiira. M'madyedwe achikazi, estrus amadutsa mwachangu, masiku 4 - 5. Atamaliza, abambo amasiya chachikazi ndikuthamangira kukafufuza ina. Yaikazi ikuyang'ana ana a ng’ombe omwe adawasiya ndipo ali nawo mpaka ana azaka zamawa. Nthawi zambiri amuna achangu kwambiri komanso olimba, otchedwa otchuka, amaphimba akazi ambiri. Izi zimaphwanyidwa m'malo omwe amakhala ndi agwape ocheperako kapena komwe akazi amakhala ambiri.

Nyengo ikamatha, amuna ena amakhalabe ndi atsikana ndipo ana amphongo amapita nawo limodzi. Magulu ngati aguluguwa kuyambira atatu mpaka anayi amapezeka nthawi yonse yozizira.

Mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo kwa roe deed pakubala, komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'ono mu ana awo zimatengera momwe zakhalira, makamaka pakufunika kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, zazikazi zimaberekana zazikazi ziwiri chaka chilichonse, ngakhale kubadwa koyambirira zimabereka kamodzi.

Ng'ombe zamkaka za Roe zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mukakhala chakudya chokwanira cha mayi. Mkaka wa Roe deer ndiwopatsa thanzi kwambiri, uli ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mafuta, shuga ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuti thupi likukula. Kulemera kwa ana ang'ombe kukukulira mwachangu.

Kukula kwa ana a ng'ombe kumadalira nyengo nyengo, komanso kuchuluka kwa ana ang'ombe. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngati nguluwezo zimakhala ndi ng'ombe imodzi yokha, ndiye kuti zimalandira zakudya zambiri ndikukula mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa kukula kwa ng'ombe ya miyezi isanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera kwa munthu wazaka 1.5. Mbawala zam'madzi za Roe zimapezekanso, zimatsalira kumbuyo pakukula kwawo ndipo zomwe kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi kawiri kuposa kawiri. Nthawi zambiri nyama zoterezi zimafa nthawi yozizira.

Kukonzekera nthawi yayitali ya ana a ng'ombe nthawi yakale kale, ndipo zaka zabwinobwino, kufa kwawo kuli kofanana ndi kwa nyama zachikulire. Koma nyengo yina imayamba nyengo yachisanu ikusokonekera. Kenako agwape amaphedwa nthawi zambiri, makamaka pazifukwa zina zomwe zimadodometsedwa.

Roe deer amawona nthawi ndi nthawi zochitika: nthawi za msipu ndi kusuntha kosinthana ndi nthawi yotafuna chakudya komanso kupuma. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yam'mawa ndi yamadzulo ntchito, yomangirizidwa kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa. Mwambiri, gawo lililonse la moyo wa roe deer limatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zambiri: nyengo ya chaka, nthawi ya tsiku, malo achilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa nkhawa, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi zovuta za anthropogenic, ntchito za agwape zimangokhala nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku.

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, nyama zimagwira ntchito usiku komanso nthawi yamadzulo, zomwe mwanjira ina zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito ya tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi, nthawi yozizira - koyambirira kwa tsiku. M'masiku otentha otentha, amadya zochepa kuposa masiku ozizira komanso mvula. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo yotentha, kudyetsa, m'malo mwake, kumakhala kotalikirapo, kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kukhazikika kochepa sikusokoneza nguluwe, koma pakagwa mvula yambiri kapena chipale chofewa chimabisala m'misala. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo yamkuntho, agwape amayesetsa kudya m'mbali mwa nkhalangoyi, osapita panja.

Bungwe lazachikhalidwe cha anthu limatengera nthawi yazaka. M'chilimwe, agwape ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wamtundu umodzi kapena wamkazi (wachikazi wokhala ndi ana), nthawi yozizira - gulu la abambo kapena gulu (lokhala ndi makoswe komanso osamuka). Kapangidwe kazachilengedwe kamasinthanso kwambiri pachaka - nthawi yotentha nyama zimabalalika m'malo awo, nthawi yozizira malo osungirako amasokonezeka ndipo mbawala zimangoyang'ana malo odyetserako ziweto. Kuphatikiza apo, m'chilimwe, njira zamtundu wa roe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi jenda komanso zaka.

Nthawi yachilimwe. Ikupanga nthawi kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pakadali pano, agwape amakhala m'malo amtunda komanso amtopola. Mu Marichi - Epulo, wamkulu (woposa zaka 2) amuna amakhala m'malo awo, ndipo akazi m'mwezi watha woyembekezera asamuke kumalo obadwira. Tisaiwale kuti madera a agwape amakhala osasunthika - atakhala gawo lina, abambo nthawi zambiri amabwererako chaka ndi chaka.

Gawo la wamphongo, kutengera malo omwe amakhala mu biotope inayake, amasintha kuyambira 2 mpaka 200 ha. Nthawi zambiri, madera a abambo oyandikana nawo samadutsa, ndipo anthu ochepa okha amakumana pang'ono m'dera la chakudya. Malire a maderawo nthawi zambiri amadutsa ndikuwonetsa zinsinsi za kutsogolo ndi pakati pa ziboda. Monga lamulo, abambo amapewa kulowa malo ena a anthu, kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwake amapanga "zofunafuna" posaka akazi oyenda, koma kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ayenera kuteteza ufulu wokhala ndi gawo lawo. Aggressors nthawi zambiri amakhala anyamata achichepere, kuphatikizapo omwe akuchokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo. Mikangano pakati pa amuna oyandikana nawo ndiosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amangokhala ndi chiwonetsero chazomwe chimawonetsa mphamvu.

Nyama zazikazi ndi zazing'ono zokha za chaka chatsopano chakubadwa ndi zomwe zingakhale pamakalamba akulu achimuna. Mwiniyo amathamangitsa mwamphongo wachinyamata wazaka zambiri mdera lawo, ndipo mu 58-90% ya milandu akuyenera kusamukira komwe akufuna. Nthawi zina, anyamata achichepere amayendayenda nthawi yonse yozizira kumadera ena kapena amakhala ndi abambo akuluakulu, amaperekeza mpaka nyengo yakukonzekera. Za akazi achaka chimodzi, sasamukira kumayiko ena, ndipo, monga lamulo, amakhala m'malo oyandikana ndi amayi.

Gawo la amuna limaphatikizapo ziwembu zosachepera 1-2, pomwe zazikazi zimabereka nthawi yobereka. Yaikaziyo imalondera pamalopo, ikumachotsa ziwombankhondo zina, kuphatikizapo ana ake akuluakulu. Pa chiwembu, nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimatsalira mpaka nthawi yakutha, nthawi yakukhwima, ikukhwima ndi yamphongo (kapena yamphongo), yomwe gawo lake limakhalapo. Malo omwe ziweto zimaberekako zimachokera ku 1 mpaka ha pa nthawi yobereka mpaka 70-80 ha pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pomwe mbawala zikulira.

Ntchito yayikulu ya malo okhala ndikufalitsa anthu omwe ali mlengalenga ndikuchepera kwa mpikisano wa chakudya kwa amayi apakati komanso anyama, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wopulumuka wa ana.

Nyengo yachisanu. Pofika mwezi wa Okutobala, kukwiya kwa agogo achikulire akuchepera. Amphongo amagwetsa nyanga zawo ndikusiyira kuyika gawo. Magulu am'banja yachisanu amayamba kupanga - akazi achichepere amalumikizana ndi akazi ndi ana (kuphatikiza amuna azaka chimodzi omwe kale anasamukira kumayiko ena). Pambuyo pake, agwape ena, kuphatikiza amuna achikulire, akhoza kulowa nawo gululi, ngakhale omaliza nthawi zambiri amakhala palokha ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Atsogoleri a maguluwa ndi amayi achikulire achikazi. Mamembala a gulu nthawi zambiri amakhala pamodzi nthawi yonse yozizira. M'mabotolo am'munda, nyama zomwe zili pagulu zimatha kufikira anthu 40-90; m'nkhalango mitengo, magulu nthawi zina imakhala yoposa 10-15 nyama.

Monga lamulo, roe deer nyengo yozizira pamalo omwewo adawulowera. Kukhazikika kwa gulu la nthawi yozizira kumatha kuphimba 300-500 ha, nyama zikayenda pofunafuna chakudya. Mderali, magawo azakudya amasiyanitsidwa, pomwe agwape amapeza nthawi yayitali masana. Vuto lawo likakhala loipa kwambiri, maguluwo amakhala akumakula ndipo nawonso agulu akambandandawo amafunafuna chakudya. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa kumapitirira malire (masentimita 50), agwape amatha kukhala pafupifupi malo milungu ingapo.

Magulu a dzinja amakhazikika mpaka Marichi - Epulo, pang'onopang'ono akusweka. Amuna okalamba amayamba kumenyanirana kuchokera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, ngakhale nthawi zina mu Januware - Marichi mumapeza magulu azimuna okha. Kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pafupifupi mpaka Meyi, mabanja amakhalabe - akazi ndi mwana wazaka chimodzi.

Pamalo abata, agwape amayenda mosatulutsa kapena pamtunda, pakagwa ngozi amatha kuthamangitsana mpaka 4-7 m nthawi yayitali kukwera m'mwamba ndi 1.5-2 m. Kuthamanga kwa mbawala yayikulu pafupifupi 60 km / h - kuposa kuthamanga kwa lynx kapena nkhandwe, koma kuthamanga kudafupika: pamalo potseguka, osokoneza agwape nthawi zambiri amathamanga 300-400 m, m'nkhalango zowirira 75-100 m, pambuyo pake amayamba kupanga mabwalo, kusokoneza owathamangitsa. Roe deer amayenda m'mayendedwe yaying'ono, nthawi zambiri amayima ndikumvetsera. Panjira yolowera malo ochepera mafuta, imapita lynx. Momwemonso, abambo a roe amayendayenda gawo lawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Roe agulu abwino, koma osambira mwachangu. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, sangathe kulekerera chipale chofewa (kupitirira 40-50 cm), nthawi yozizira amayesa kuyenda m'njira kapena misewu ya nyama. Mu chipale chofewa, njira yodyetsera tsiku ndi tsiku ya thonje imatsika kuchokera 1.5-2 mpaka 0.5-1 km. Matalala a chipale chofewa chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimayandama ndi chowopsa kwambiri pa nungu.

Zoposa mitundu 900 yazomera zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera agwape, zomwe zimakonda kupatsidwa kwa dicotyledonous herbaceous ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo kapena zitsamba. Ndipo masana, agwape amakudya nthawi 5 mpaka 11.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, agwape ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri kusaka ndi kusodza odziwika bwino ku banja la agulu ku Eurasia. Nyama yambewu ya Roe ndiyakudya komanso yapamwamba-kalori, khungu ndi loyenera kupanga suede, nyanga ndizopambana posaka.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Khwangwala wa ku Europe ndi ngongole zazing'ono zabwino.Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 22-40 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 108-136 masentimita, kutalika kufota ndi masentimita 75-92. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri (2-3 cm). Nyanga zazimuna ndi zazing'ono (15-30 cm kutalika, 10-15 cm mulifupi), zokhala ndi ma tubercles ambiri - "ngale", zazikazi zilibe nyanga. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa chilombocho ndi imvi kapena imvi, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yofiira. Khwangwala wakhanda wakhanda wowona.

Moyo

Zakudya za roe zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu 900 yazomera. M'chilimwe nthawi zambiri azitsamba osiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka mphukira ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba zimakonda kudya. M'zaka zokolola, agwape amakonda ma acorn, mtedza wa beech ndi ma chestnut ambiri, kukumba pansi pa chisanu. Nyamazo zimapita kuthengo kukadyetsa udzu ndi zotsalira za mbewu zodetsa - chimanga, nyemba, masamba a shuga, mbatata. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za agwape ku Ulaya zimaphatikizapo 1.5-2.5 makilogalamu mpaka 4 makilogalamu obiriwira chomera.

Kuyambira pa Malichi mpaka Seputembala, amuna agwada amapukusa nyanga zawo pamitengo ndi nthambi za mitengo. Chifukwa chake amalemba gawo, kuchenjeza omwe akupikisana nawo kuti malowa ali kale kale. Udindo wofunikira m'moyo wamakhwangwala umaseweredwa ndi mawu omveka: kumayimba mluzu ndi kupondaponda akuwonetsa nkhawa, kutulutsa mawu kumveketsa chisangalalo champhamvu, kubangula kumawonetsa nkhawa, ndikufinya ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi nyama yogwidwa.

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, nyama zimagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku komanso madzulo, nthawi yozizira - koyambirira kwa tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo yotentha, kudyetsa kumatenga nthawi.

M'chilimwe, agwape ambiri amakhala ndi banja limodzi (laikazi lokhala ndi ana), ndipo nthawi yozizira - gulu. M'madambo ndi m'minda, kuchuluka kwa nyama m'gulululi kungafikire anthu 40-90, ndipo m'nkhalango za gululo nthawi zina zimafikira nyama zoposa 10,000.

Ngati m'modzi mwa agaluwo akuyamba kuda nkhawa, agulu enawo nthawi yomweyo amawopsa, siyani kudyetsa. Kuuluka kwa nyama imodzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro, pomwe iko kumakhala ndi "kalilole" - malo oyera omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mchira.

Mbawala zazingwe zazitali zimayenda mosatalikirana mpaka 4-7 m ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi zimadumphira mmwamba ndi 1.5-2 m.Dambwe wamkulu amatenga pafupifupi 60 km / h, koma kuthamanga kwake kuli kochepa: poyera, nthawi zambiri imathamanga 300-400 m, wandiweyani nkhalangoyi - 75-100 m, pambuyo pake imayamba kupanga mabwalo, kusokoneza omwe akuthamangitsa. Ana agalu angawa amasambira bwino.

Adani akuluakulu a agwape ndi mimbulu ndi lynxes, agalu osokera, zimbalangondo zofiirira, zimbira zangokhala zatsopano, agalu, agalu a raccoon, martens, amphaka a m'nkhalango, chiwombankhanga chagolide, zouluka, nkhumba zamtchire. Roe agulu ali ndi chiyembekezo cha zaka pafupifupi 10 mpaka 12, ngakhale anthu ena adapulumuka mwachilengedwe mpaka 15- 17 ndipo ali mu ukapolo ku zaka 19-25.

Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia

Deer deer deer amalembedwa m'mabuku a Red of the Saratov ndi Tula a Russian Federation. Zomwe zikulepheretsa ndikusaka kosaka ndi kosaka, komanso kuchuluka kwa mimbulu imvi m'dera la Saratov. Malinga ndi gulu la IUCN, agwape a ku Europe amatanthauza taxa yoopsa kwambiri. Ndi kuchulukana kopitilira muyeso wa dee dee, anthu pawokha amawongolera kuchuluka kwake: m'malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kochulukirapo, pamakhala kufa kwakukulu kwa nyama kuchokera kumatenda, makamaka kuchokera ku matenda a helminth.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa agwape - oyimilira odziwika komanso osodza odziwika kwambiri ku banja la agulu ku Eurasia

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudyacho chimangokhala chakudya cha mbewu zokha. MaUbale amadya udzu, masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba, mphukira zazing'ono, zipatso ndi zipatso. M'minda yamafamu, amakonda kudya phala ndi mbewu za chimanga.

Zosankha zawo zimaphatikizapo mitundu 135 yazomera.

Kwa tsiku limodzi, nyama imodzi yachikulire imadya kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 makilogalamu. Amakonda kwambiri boliberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), Parisian bipartite (Circaceae lutetiana), woodpecker (Stachys sylvatica), pikulnik (Galeopsis tetrahit), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) ndi Heather (Calluna).

Chochititsa chidwi

Pazifukwa zosadziwika, agwape amphongo amatha kukulira nyanga zachilendo m'njira ziwiri (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale imodzi) popanda mawu. Nyama zoterezi zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha amuna anzawo. Pankhondo zachikhalidwe, nyanga zawo sizimalowa munyati ndi nyanga za mdani ndipo nthawi zambiri zimabaya wotsutsa. Khwangwala wa Roe nthawi zina amatchedwa mbuzi zamtchire. Komabe, nyamayi ilibe chochita ndi mbuzi.

Kuswana

Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Amuna okwatirana kwa nthawi yoyamba kuposa zaka 3-4, akakhala olimba kuthana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo.

Kuyenda m'malo ambiri amtunduwu kumayambira mu Ogasiti. Zisonyezero mu akazi zimatenga pafupifupi 36 maola. Pambuyo umuna wopambana, kukula kwa mluza posakhalitsa kumayima ndikuyambiranso mu Disembala.

Mimba zonse zimatenga masiku 280 mpaka 290. Zachikazi zimabweretsa ana amodzi kapena awiri wolemera 1000-1500 g.

Maulendo atatu ndi osowa kwambiri. Ana amapaka utoto wofiirira. Pali malo oyera oyera kumbuyo ndi mbali. Mtunduwu umabisika kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo umatha akamakula.

Kwa masiku oyamba, khwangwala wopondera amabisala m'nkhokwe zowuma za udzu kapena zitsamba. Mkazi amabwera kwa iye kokha kudzadyetsa. Mwana akamakula, amatsatira amayi ake ndikulowa m'busayo. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga miyezi itatu.

Gulu

Ufumu: Nyama (Animalia).
Lembani: Chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: Mammals (Mammalia).
Gulu: Artiodactyls (Artiodactyla).
Banja: Deer (Cervidae).
Jenda: Roe Deer (Сapreolus).
Onani: European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Maonekedwe a European Roe Deer

Thupi la agwiritse ntchito ku Ulaya ndi lalifupi - 108-126 sentimita, ndipo kutalika kwake kufota kumafika masentimita 66-81. Amuna amalemera kilogalamu 22-32. Rosa agulu okhala kumpoto ndi okulirapo. Kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita atatu, sikuwonekeratu, amabisika mu ubweya waubweya.

European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Mutu wa agwiritse ntchito ku Ulaya ndi wamfupi, mpaka mphuno umakhala wocheperako, ndipo pafupi ndi maso ndi waukulu. Makutu akuwonetsera, okula, kutalika kwake ndi main sentimita 12-14. Maso awo ndi akulu ndi ana opindika.

Miyendo yamiyendo yonyamula ku Europe ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali, motero amatha kuthamanga. Kumva ndi kununkhiza kwa nyama izi ndizapweteka.

Chovala chimasintha kutengera nyengo, nyama komanso zaka. Mtundu wa agwape tating'onoting'ono timakhala tofiirira ndi timtambo toyera.

Utoto wa nguluwe za achikulire umatha kukhala ofiira nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala yakuda ndi yoyera. Chovala chanyengo yozizira chimakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda lomwe limakhala ndi mpweya wambiri womwe umagwira mpweya, kutalika kwa tsitsi lotere ndi masentimita 5-5,5.

Nyanga zimangodzikongoletsa mitu ya amuna, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zazitali masentimita 30. Nyanga iliyonse imakhala ndi njira zitatu: nyanga ya pakatikati imayendetsedwa kutsogolo, ndi inayo inayo. Nyanga zimayamba kukula kuyambira miyezi 4, ndipo zimapangidwa mokhazikika ndi chaka cha 3.

Kukula kwa European Roe Deer

Nyama izi zimakhala ku Europe, kuphatikiza ndi Scandinavia Peninsula, zimakhalanso ku Russia, Caucasus, Ciscaucasia ndi Asia pang'ono.

Ku Israel ndi Lebanon, ngwazi za ku Europe zidatha, ndipo zidawonongedwa pachilumba cha Sicily. Nyama zoterezi zimapezeka ku Albania, Austria, Belarus, Italy, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Netherlands, Monaco, France, Romania, Czech Republic, Sweden ndi mayiko ena.

Khwangwala wa ku Europe ndi ngongole zazing'ono zabwino.

Kumalire akumpoto chakum'mawa (Ural ridge), mtunduwu umayenda mozungulira pa agwape a ku Siberian, chifukwa komwe kuli mitundu yosinthira m'malo awa.

Zambiri zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi deed dee European

• Pazifukwa zosadziwika, abambo nthawi zina amakula ndi nyanga zachilendo - popanda zowonjezera. Amuna oterewa ndi owopsa kwa abale awo, chifukwa pankhondo zachikhalidwe, nyanga zawo sizigwirizana ndi nyanga za mdani, ndipo zimamuboola popyola.

• Nthawi zina agalu aku Europe amatchedwa mbuzi zamtchire, koma alibe chochita ndi mbuzi.

Poyerekeza ndi nyama zina zopanda umunthu, nguluwe za ku Europe zimakonda kukhala ndi anthu osintha malo.

Chiwerengero cha agwiritse ntchito ku Ulaya

Mpaka pano, mtunduwu ndi wa nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chambiri. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, njira zoteteza zakhala zikuchitidwa mwachangu, chifukwa cha zomwe agwape a ku Europe akhala ponseponse. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonseyo kumakulirakulira.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha agwape amawonedwa ku Central Europe, kumene kuwereketsa anthu pafupifupi 15 miliyoni, ndipo m'ma 80s sikunapitirire 7.5 miliyoni. Komabe, anthu achi Suriya ndi osowa ndipo ayenera kutetezedwa.

Wogulitsa zakumwa ku Europe ali mu Red Book la zigawo za Tula ndi Saratov.

Mbawala za Roe zikuchepa chifukwa chosaka kwambiri. Koma pazonse, chifukwa cha kufalikira kochuluka, agwape a ku Europe, pamaso pa malo oyenera, abwezeretse manambala awo bwino.

Tanthauzo lazamalonda la ngongole za ku Europe

Popeza agwape ndiwambiri, ali ndi malonda kwambiri pakati pa banja la Deer. Nyama ya nyama izi ndizopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu. Amapanga zikopa kuchokera zikopa zawo. Ndipo nyanga za agwape aku Europe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yosakira.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi masentimita 93-130. Utali wofota ndi 60-88 masentimita. Kulemera ndi 15-16 kg. Roe, yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa mtunduwu, ndi okulirapo komanso kulemera kuposa anzawo akumwera. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kulibe kukula. Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi nyanga.

M'chilimwe, mtundu wofiirira umapambana, ndipo nthawi yozizira, imvi. Maso amatalika, mpaka 14 cm. "Mirror" imayera yozizira, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yoyera kapena yachikasu.

Dera lozungulira muzzle ndi lakuda, zodutsa zoyera zimawoneka pamwamba pamlomo wapamwamba. Nyanga zimakhala ndi malekezero awiri. Amuna amataya iwo kumapeto kwa nthawi mating.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'thengo sichidutsa zaka 12. Ali ku ukapolo, agwape a ku Ulaya amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka 17.