Aquarium kwa oyamba kumene ndi pempho lomwe limapezeka kwambiri pamaneti. Asodzi oyendetsa nsomba a Novice omwe akufuna kupanga zonse mwa nsomba sadziwa zomwe zikufunika kuchitika. Kutsogoleredwa ndi malangizo osavuta, mutha kupewa kuwonongeka, zolakwa ndi mavuto. Mukamasankha nsomba m'madzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe muyenera kuyamba.

Kusankhidwa kwa Aquarium

Musanaganize kuti ndi aquarium ndiyabwino, ndikofunikira kulingalira zamkati, malo oyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, upangiri wa akatswiri odziwa zankhondo.

Mwapangidwe, mitundu yonse imagawidwa pa:

• Zopanda waya ndi waya.
• Angular ndi concave.
• Kupendekera, miyendo kapena maimidwe.

Aquarium yakunyumba imagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

• Mwanjira ya mpira.
• Mawonekedwe a Cubic.
• Mawonekedwe opindika.
• Makina osakanikirana ndi galasi la panoramic.
• Maonekedwe a Polygonal.
• Mawonekedwe atatu.

Mukamasankha aquarium yoyamba, onetsetsani kuti mwalingalira malamulo atatu.

1. Konzani malo. Zowonadi, mtsogolomo, machitidwe osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zosefera, zida zowunikira, ma siphon, nsomba ndi mbewu zimachitidwa.
2. Dzuwa siliyenera kugwera pamalopo.
3. Kukula kwa m'madzi ndi nsomba kumadalira kuchuluka ndi phenotype ya anthu. Ngati kuchuluka ndi mitundu sizinatsimikiziridwe m'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti zowerengera zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, kwa 1 cm ya nsomba yachikulire, malita 1-1,5 amadzi amafunikira.

Chalk ndi zida

Mu sitolo yapadera, malo atsopano okhala nyumbayo amagulitsidwa ndi zoyikapo ndi zokutira, zomwe zili ndi zida zowunikira. Njirayi ndi yopindulitsa chifukwa chosavuta kuwongolera kuwalako, kuwala. Bokosi kapena choyimira ndi mashelufu ophatikizika amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika chakudya, mitundu yonse ya zida. Ngati malo oyikirapo amasankhidwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha aquarium poganizira mawonekedwe ake.

Zida zimasankhidwanso aquarium. Mulingo wokhazikitsidwa ndi:

• Kuwala. Mukamasankha nyali, gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a phenotypes, algae.
• Zotenthetsera. Ndikwabwino kwa novice aquarist kusankha mtundu wodzijambula.
• Zinthu zosefera, ma aerator.

Kuphatikiza apo, muli muli zida zapadera, mashelufu, mayunitsi. Msodzi aliyense wamadzi amasankha zida zowonjezera pawokha, poganizira zomwe zimachitika ndi nsomba, zomwe amakonda.

Onerani kanema wonena za zolakwika wamba yemwe wamasamba woyambira sangachite.

Kudulira

Akatswiri a Aquarium salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa kuchokera kumdothi ndi zinyalala za chakudya. Mchenga kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje nawonso siyabwino. Kupatula apo, ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha protozoa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ndi kufa kwa nsomba.

Kwa oyamba kumene, nthaka ya basalt ndiyabwino. Kupatula apo, ili ndi katundu wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, basalt imathandizira kuti muchepetse madzi kuchokera kumadzi.

Makulidwe a nthaka ndi 4-7 masentimita. Makulidwe enieniwo amatsimikizika poganizira mawonekedwe a mizu yazomera zamimba.

Mawonekedwe

Ma aquarium omwe ali mnyumba ndiofunika kuti asangoyika bwino. Ndikofunikira kusamalira chilengedwe. Kupatula apo, nsomba zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimangokhala pamalo oyenera.

Kusankha algae, zomera zamithunzi, zokongoletsera ndizofunikira. Ndipo chiwerengero chawo, chosankhidwa chimasiyanasiyana polingalira mawonekedwe a phenotype. Zinthu zonse zikaphatikizidwa, mutha kupitilira makonzedwewo.

Nsomba

Chiyambi. Pambuyo pa masiku 14, malupanga ndi maguwa amatulutsidwa mu aquarium. Ndikosavuta kupeza nsomba zamtunduwu. Zimatengera machitidwe awo ngati zinthuzo zili zoyenera kuyambitsa phenotypes ena. Kupezeka kwa nsomba zakufa kukuwonetsa kusankha kolakwika kwa zowonjezera ndi zofunikira.

Kuyambitsa nthawi yomweyo nsomba zochuluka nkosavomerezeka. Kupatula apo, izi zitha kubweretsa kuphwanya lamulo lokwanira. Zimatenga nthawi kuti mupeze anthu ena.

Pambuyo pake, timayamba nsomba zonga maanga tawuni, barbs ndi zebrafish. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa kuweta nsomba kwa zidutswa 6-8. Payenera kukhala amuna awiri pagulu. Izi zipanga nyengo yabwino yomwe ulimi wa nsomba umakhala wabwino kwambiri.

Kanema wonena za nsomba zisanu zam'madzi kwambiri.

Mtundu uliwonse wa phenotype umayikidwa mu aquarium pang'onopang'ono. Kupatula apo, barbs ndi guppies zimatenga nthawi kuti muphunzire za momwe zinthu zilili, kupitilizidwa. Ngakhale sizovuta kuvuta.

Kuti muchepetse kuyanjana, kuyezetsa madzi kumachitika kale. Pali mayeso omwe alipo kuti ayesedwe. Musanagwiritse ntchito poyeserera, chubu choyera chimakonzedwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutunga madzi. Reagent yoyenera imawonjezeredwa kumadzi. Pambuyo pa mphindi 3-5, mawonekedwe ake amatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito khadi yolankhulira. Ngati ndi kotheka, madzi amafewa, mulingo wa asidi umachepa.

Mutha kuphunzira momwe mungasamalire ndi kusamalira ma phenotypes ovuta kwambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri am'madzi odziwa ntchito zamadzi.

Kukonza kwa Aquarium ndi nsomba

Tangi imatsukidwa sabata iliyonse. Kuyeretsa kumaphatikizapo:

• Kusintha kwamadzi.
• Kusintha kwagalasi, chimakwirira.
• Kuchotsa zinyalala za chakudya, mbewu zowola.
• Sambani zosefera mumathanki ndi madzi amadzimadzi. Funsani ogulitsa zosefera momwe angagwiritsire ntchitoyi molondola.

Kuyeretsa dothi kumachitika pamwezi, pokhapokha ngati malo okhala m'madzi ali ndi masamba ochepa. Pambuyo poyeretsa, kufalikira kwa algae, mbewu zamthunzi sizimachitika. Kupatula apo, zofunikira pazomera ziyenera kuzika mizu. Ma Aquariums omwe ali ndi mbewu zambiri amayeretsedwa molondola.

Kukhazikitsa malo ndi kusankha kwa aquarium

Gawo loyamba limakhudza kusankha nsomba. Musanagule nyumba yokhala m'madzi, muyenera kudziwa komwe ikubwera. Ma aquarium omwe ali mnyumbamo amayenera kulowa mkati, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owonera komanso njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito. Pokhala komwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumasokoneza dzuwa, imani.

Mitundu ina imakhala ndi miyendo yapadera, kapena miyendo, ikhoza kuyikidwa pakhoma ndi zomangamanga, ndikukhala pakona ngodya. Malinga ndi yankho lolimbikitsa, pali mitundu itatu:

1. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi chimango zimakhala ndi chitsulo.
2. Magalasi onse ndiopanda mafoni ndi seams.
3. Zopanda mawonekedwe - zomangira popanda mafelemu ndi zomata zopangidwa kuchokera ku galasi kapena plexiglass.

Kuchulukitsa komanso kukula kwa thankiyo kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa ziweto zam'madzi. Ngati pakadali pano osamvetsetsa kuti ndani azikhala m'madzimo, kuwerengetsa pafupifupi kukuwonetsa kuti 1 cm imodzi ya nsomba pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutalika konse kwa dzikolo ndi 12 cm, ndiye kuti thanki yosungirako iyenera kukhala malita osachepera 120. Matanki okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita opitilira 100 amatanthauza kuti chilengedwe chotsekedwa, chomwe chingafune kukonzedwa pang'ono.

Malo ogulitsa ziweto amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasamu:

• Mitundu yoyambira
• cuboid
• amakona atatu
• panoramic ndi galasi la convex,
• polygonal.

Njira yabwino yothetsera ma dummies ndi thanki yopanda pake yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi. Komanso, kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutalika. A volumetric aquarium ya kasinthidwe kolondola imakupatsani mwayi wopanga malo okhazikika a bakiteriya, wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba, ndikuusamalira popanda zovuta zambiri.

Kukhazikitsa kwa thanki kumachitika mosalala, ngakhale pamwamba. Pakati pa chidebe ndi gawo la chinthu chomwe aikiramo, payenera kukhala chopanda zofewa. Mphepete mwa aquarium sikuyenera kutuluka kuti polemetsa mphamvu yamadzi siziwonongeka komanso kuphulika.

Chowongolera

Njira yolera yotseketsa ikuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali ma phenotypes omwe amayang'ana kwambiri majeremusi ndi bowa mu aquarium. Pazifukwa izi, gwiritsani ntchito ultraviolet, komanso njira ya ozoni.

Njira ya ozoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi. Kupatula apo, kugwira ntchito ndi zida zotere kumakhala kovuta. Ngakhale kuphatikiza pang'ono kwambiri kumabweretsa kufa kwa nsomba.

Njira ya ultraviolet ikuonekeratu:

• Kuphweka kwa kukhazikitsa.
• Kutsika mtengo.
• Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi.
• Chitetezo.

Kuchita bwino kwa njira yolumikizira ya ultraviolet zimatengera kusankha koyenera kwa chipindacho, malo ake ndi ntchito.

Malangizo othandiza

• Kwa oyamba kumene, mitundu yokhazikika ndiyabwino. Mutha kuyambitsa aquarium yosinthika yovuta, koma kuisamalira ifunika kuyesetsa kwambiri. Popita nthawi, mutha kugula chidebe chosangalatsa ndi magalasi apaneli, zoikamo ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera.
• Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi malita 100-110. Voliyumu iyi ndi yokwanira kupanga dongosolo lotsekeka lachilengedwe ndikuchepetsa njira yosamalira.
• Pezani thermometer. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndikosavuta kusunga kutentha kofunikira. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi
• imitsani imfa ya nsomba.
• Yang'anani kapangidwe kazomwe zimapanga mankhwala. Zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera ziyenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera.
• Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kwa zida ndi ma aquarium kumakupulumutsani ku mavuto. Ngati mwapeza nsomba zosowa, ndiye kuti msonkhano umachitika mosamala.

• Kuzungulira koloko ikugwira ntchito ngati ma ailer, zosefera.
• Kutalika kwa nthawi yowunikira ndi maola 8-10.
• Kuledzera nsomba ndizoletsedwa. Zakudya zouma komanso zachisanu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Zakudya zopanda pake zimakwiyitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kumachitika kwa mphamvu ya mpweya.

Sayansi ya Aquarium ndi sayansi yosangalatsa. Mwakuchita, simungasangalale kokha, komanso chidwi chothandiza. Koma kuti muchite bwino, kusankha koyenera kwamasamba ndi zida kumafunikira. Pali miyeso yamalamulo ndi zofunika kuziganizira.

Makanema osangalatsa a oyambitsa oyenda pansi oyenda pansi

Zida zofunika

Aquarium yoyamba ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale ndi zida zofunikira.

1. Zosefera zimayeretsa madzi kuti zisasokonekere. Zili mwa mitundu iwiri: yakunja ndi yamkati. Yoyamba idayikidwa kuti igwetse madzi mu akasinja akulu. A aquarium yaying'ono imayang'aniridwa ndi fyuluta yamkati. Ndikofunikira kuti muziwasambitsa ndi madzi ochokera ku aquarium kuti madzi asasokonezedwe mkati mwa chipangizocho. Zinthu zosefera zimasinthidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
2. Aerator - chida chopangira madzi ndi mpweya, womwe umayenera kugwira ntchito kuzungulira koloko (fyuluta ikhoza kukhala ndi ntchito yoletsa madzi).
3. Thermometer imakuthandizani kuti muzilamulira kutentha kwamadzi, komwe kumapulumutsa nsomba kumatenda ambiri.
4. Zida zokulitsira kutentha. Ikhoza kukhala chotenthetsera madzi m'nyengo yachisanu komanso yophika m'firiji nyengo yotentha. Kwa eni novice ndibwino kuti musankhe zida zomwe zili ndi automatic kutentha control.
5. Zipangizo zowunikira ndizofunikira kuti zisungidwe wamba osati nsomba zokha, komanso zomera, zomwe zimakulitsa kukonzanso zachilengedwe. Mphamvu ya nyali imadalira mitundu yeniyeni ya ziweto ndi algae.

Kuchokera pazinthu zothandizira muyenera kukhala ndi siphon yoyeretsera nthaka, cholembera kuti muyeretse makhoma a chotengera kuchokera ku algae ndi zolembera, wodyetsa wapadera ndi ukonde.

Zofunika! Chofunikira mu aquarium ndi chivundikiro, chomwe chimagwira ngati maziko akukonza nyali, chingathandize kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kulepheretsa nsomba kuti iduluke.

Pofunsira, makabati kapena mayimidwe osungira chakudya ndi zofunika zina zimagulidwa padera. Zida zonse zikagulidwa, timapitilira kukhazikitsa aquarium. Msonkhano uyenera kuchitidwa pamalo athyathyathya.

Ubwino wamadzi

Zoyambira zakufufuza m'madzi zimayang'ana pakuyesa madzi ndi mayeso apadera, mothandizidwa ndi momwe kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wake umatsimikizidwira. Zogulidwa pa malo ogulitsa ziweto. Malangizowo ali ndi chidziwitso chogwira ntchito.

Asanadzaze thankiyo ndi madzi, iyenera kukhala yokonzekera kaye. Zikhale kwa tsiku limodzi. Mulibe zosafunika za chlorine ndi zinthu zina. Zimaloledwa kuwonjezera zowongolera mpweya wamadzi kumadzi kuti madzi akhale abwino. Ngati madzi ndi ofewa kwambiri, onjezani zipolopolo ndi miyala ingapo. Madzi olimba amafunika kuwiritsa.

Kulembetsa

A aquarium yakunyumba imakhazikitsidwa poganizira mawonekedwe okongola. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi malo okhala, malo osiyanasiyana ndi zokongoletsera. Kupezeka kwa nkhono kumathandizira pogona kwa achikulire olimba.

Akatswiri azamaphunziro a aquarium kwa oyamba kumene amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito dothi la basalt kapena miyala yozungulira yozungulira. Pansi pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhala kovuta kuyeretsa pazakudya ndi zotayira. Kukula kwake kopambana ndikuchokera masentimita 4 mpaka 7. Mutha kudziwa bwinobwino mawonekedwe ofunikira kutengera mtundu wa mbewu zomwe mukufuna.

Kupanga malo abwino kwa nsomba ndi zomera

Kutalika kwa kuwunikira patsiku sikuyenera kupitirira maola 12. Pogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, kukula kwa mbewu kumachulukanso, ndipo kuzungulira kwa nsomba, m'malo mwake, kudzachepa. M'milungu iwiri yoyambirira, kuyatsa kumalumikizidwa kwa maola 6-8.

Kutentha kwamadzi kuti malo okhala bwino ambiri okhala m'madzi ndi 22-26 ° C. Kutengera mitundu ya okhalamo, kuchuluka kwa milalang'amba kumatha kukhala mpaka 18 mpaka 23 ° C kwa anthu ochokera kumpoto chakum'mwera ndi kukwera mpaka 33 ° C kwa nyama ndi zomera m'malo otentha.

Kusintha madzi m'madzimo ndi madzi oyera, osakhazikika kumachitika sabata iliyonse. Sizoletsedwa kuti musinthe kwathunthu. Mwezi woyamba, palibe chifukwa chobwezeretsanso madzi. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi atsopano sikuyenera kukhala mu thanki ya nsomba kupitilira 25-30% ya kusamutsidwa konse.

Zomera

Kusamalira ndikusamalira ndi zomwe woyamba woweta amafunika pamadzi. Zomera zambiri zam'madzi ndizomwe zimakwaniritsa izi:

Sakufuna kutentha ndi mtundu wamadzi, amafunikira kuwunikira kochepa.

Musanabzala m'nthaka, mbewu zomwe zinagulidwa m'sitolo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi madzi ndikuthira 3% hydrogen peroxide. Simungathe kuyambitsa zomerazo kuchokera kuzosungira zachilengedwe mu aquarium. Zomera zikamakula, ndikofunikira kudulira, kupewetsa ngati mawonekedwe akunja.

Nkhono

Asanayambe ntchito yakumadzi, masabata awiri ayenera kudutsa. Pambuyo masiku 7, kubzala ziweto zolimba kwambiri ndizovomerezeka - nkhono za ampoules ndi mbewu zosalemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale mwachangu. Kuchokera paumoyo wawo ndikosavuta kudziwa ngati malo anu osavuta okhala ali okonzeka kuvomereza otsatirawa akukhala.

Chisamaliro cha Aquarium

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa nsomba, kuchuluka kwa thankiyo komanso dziko lamadzi, ndikofunikira kusamalira aquarium osachepera kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Mukakonza, muyenera kutaya pansi, kulabadira dera lirilonse, kusintha madzi osachepera 20%, kuyeretsa makhoma a aquarium kuchokera ku plaque ndi algae, ndikutsuka zinthu zonse zosefera.

Zolakwa zoyambira

Zolakwika za oyamba kumene oyenda pansi nthawi zambiri zimaphwanya kuyeretsa kwachimbudzi, kusazindikira momwe zasinthidwira mkati ndi kunja, kusadziwa bwino malo komanso zikhalidwe za ziweto. Otsatirawa ndi mndandanda wazolakwika wamba.

1. Kukhazikitsa kolakwika kwa nsomba yatsopano. Nsomba za Aquarium zimayikidwa pokhapokha dziwe lochita kupanga litatha. Ogulitsidwa okhawo olemekezedwa amayikidwa poyambira limodzi ndi mayendedwe azonyamula mu aquarium. Kenako phatikizani pang'onopang'ono madziwo ndi madzi a thanki yakunyumba.
2. Kusagwirizana kwa nsomba. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa anthu okhala m'madzi atatha kudziwa bwino za mtundu wapadera wa mtundu uliwonse wa ziweto.Anthu ena sangakhale moyo chifukwa chosiyana ndi kutentha, kapangidwe ka madzi, kapena kutentha. Pali mitundu yokwanira ya nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimakhala bwino ndi mtundu wawo.
3. Kuledzera nsomba. Zolakwa za oyamba kumene oyenda panyanja zimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kukhutiritsa ziweto. Poyamba, ndibwino kudyetsa nsomba kuposa kamodzi pa tsiku, kenako mutha kuchita izi kangapo patsiku, koma magawo ang'onoang'ono. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya muzikhala chakudya chouma komanso chowundana.
4. Malo ogulira. Ndikofunika kugula zida, zinthu zamkati pamadzi, nthaka, zida zofunikira, anthu ndi zomera m'misika yodziwika, osati m'misika.
5. Kuperewera koyendetsa bwino ma aquarium. Njira yosungirako poyambira siyosangalatsa, koma sitepe yofunika kwambiri yomwe ingayambitse zotsatirapo zake. Musanakonze thanki yoti mukakhazikitse, muyenera kusankha malo osakira, kuyikiratu ndi zida zofunika ndikuyesa madzi abwino. Ndipo pokhapokha kuti atulutse zinthu zamoyo.

Sankhani aquarium

Dongosolo limayamba ndikugula nyumba yagalasi kuti nsomba. Ma Aquariums a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake amagulitsidwa. Malo okhala mabacteria okhazikika kwambiri amapangidwa mumathanki a volumetric, kotero malo oyambira amoyo ndi oyenera ma dummies. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka koteroko kumakhalanso ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba m'malo mwake ndikutha kuweta ziweto. Mumakonda mawonekedwe amakona anayi. Spherical kapena mtsuko wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka umakhala wopweteketsa nsomba.

Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa

Kuti kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa aquarium kwa oyamba kumene, woyang'anira nsomba azitsatira malamulo awa:

1. Tangiyo imayikidwa pamalo pomwe dzuwa lowala siligwera, palibe phokoso ndi kusuntha kosalekeza.
2. Pamwamba pomwe padayikidwapo kanthu paziyenera kuyikira kulemera kwa dziwe mugalasi.
3. Mankhwala onse ophatikizidwa ndi aquarium (kukweza chivundikiro, kutulutsa kusefera kapena kusintha madzi) kuyenera kuchitika popanda zopinga.
4. Ganizirani pasadakhale pomwe zida zimalumikizidwa.

Konzani madzi musanayambe. Imakhala pafupifupi osachepera tsiku, siyenera kukhala ndi chlorine ndi zinthu zina zoyipa. Zimatenga mayeso apadera amadzi ndi chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya koyamba. Mitundu ina ya nsomba imafunika madzi ofewa kapena. Madziwo amasinthidwa ndi kuwira kapena kuzizira. Madzi amakhala ovuta chifukwa cha miyala ndi zipolopolo.

Zida

Kuti musunge nsomba mosavuta m'madzi, gulani zida zofunika. Zida zopatsa ntchito zazikulu:

1. Zosefera zamkati. Yoyenerera aquarium yaying'ono. Zosefera madzi, kupewa mpweya komanso kusokosera. Musanagule, werengani malangizo omwe ali pamasamba omwe amafotokoza mawonekedwe a chipangizocho ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito.
2. Zosefera zakunja. Zida zakunja ndizodula kwambiri. Sulani mafuta m'matanki akuluakulu.
3. Compressor ya okosijeni wa madzi. Amapereka nsomba kuti zizikhala bwino.
4. Thermometer. Mumakulolani kuti muwunikire momwe boma likuwongolera kutentha.
5. Zoyang'anira kutentha. Zotenthetsa matendawa ndizothandiza makamaka masiku otentha kapena achisanu.
6. Nyali. Zomera zimafunika kuyatsa kwambiri kuposa nsomba. Kuwala kumawonetsa kukula kwazomera zam'madzi ndikutsatira chilengedwe.

Kodi munthu wam'madzi amafunikira chiyani kuchokera pazida:

1. nthaka
2. ukonde wa gulugufe
3. chakudya chakudya
4. chosema chotsuka galasi la aquarium kuchokera ku algae.

Zojambula

Malo okhala ndi malo ofunikira amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Zokongoletsera zimathandizira kufotokozera m'maganizo ndikupanga mawonekedwe amlengalenga. Mukamaweta nsomba m'madzi wamba, nkhuni zomwe zimayamwa ndi mbewu zimabisala mwachangu kwa makolo, omwe nthawi zambiri amadya ana.

Kudyetsa

Mbewu zachakudya za anthu okhala kumtunda kwa madziwo siziyenera kugwera pansi. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ma feed abwino owuma omwe amagulitsidwa amagulitsidwa. Sinthani zakudya zanu ndi zakudya zamasamba ndi chakudya chowundikira.

Ziweto ziyenera kudya chakudya chonse chomwe atsanulira mphindi zisanu.

Phatikizani chakudya ndi madzi otentha, chifukwa tinsomba tating'ono timapereka chakudya chosankhidwa. Anthu okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu amapatsidwa mphete zazikulu. Dyetsani nsomba nthawi imodzi, pangani zakudya zomwe zimadalira zosowa zawo.

Kusankha kwa mbewu

Ndizosatheka kupereka chisamaliro chokwanira cha m'madzi popanda zomera zam'madzi. Ndizofunikira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchita aquascaping. Ndikwabwino kusankha mbewu za m'madzi zomwe zimakhala zopanda kutentha, magawo am'madzi, kuwala kosachepera. Zoyenera kwa oyamba kumene:

1. Elodea
2. Wallisneria
3. coccia choyandama,
4. fungulo, ma janese mosses,
5. nsonga
6. Thai ferns, pterygoid,
7. Echinodorus Amazonia,
8. nyanga.

Pewani mbewu zomwe zadzisonkhanitsa nokha. Thirani mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa musanayambe madzi amchere a 3% hydrogen peroxide (supuni 1 pa lita imodzi yamadzi) kapena yankho la methylene buluu (0.5 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Dulani amadyera nthawi ndi nthawi, onetsetsani kuti pachimake pamakhala masamba.

Yambitsani

Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zida komanso malo okhala ndi bakiteriya osungirako pasadakhale. Osachepera milungu iwiri asanadutse. Nthawi zina nkhono zimayendayenda, zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a chilengedwe. Muyenera kukhazikitsa nyanjayo kwa nthawi yoyamba pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, boma limatentha, chifukwa chikwama chotseka chomwe chimakhala ndi nsomba chimayikidwa mu aquarium. Kenako madzi ochokera m'thumba amaphatikizidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi omwe ali mchombocho mpaka nsomba yomwe yangofika kumene ikasinthidwa mokwanira.

Kuyeretsa dothi

Mukamayeretsa, madzi amatuluka ndi zosayera. Kupsyinjika kwa madzi kumayendetsedwa ndi malo a thanki momwe madzi akuda amalowera. Mutha kuphatikiza kusintha kwamadzi ndi kuyeretsa kwa dothi. Yatsani zida za aquarium musanayankhe. Chotsani zokongoletsera ndikuzitsuka mosiyana.

Zomwe zimafunika

Kuti mubereke bwino nsomba komanso osakumana ndi mavuto mu bizinesi yosangalatsayi, choyamba muyenera kugula mndandanda wazinthu zofunika. Ndipo mndandandawu sungokhala nsomba ndi ma aquarium okha, chifukwa chisamaliro cha ziweto chidzafunika zida zina zambiri, zomwe mungathe kukhala ndi malo abwino okhala okhala m'madzi.

Chida chothandizira chimaphatikizapo:

• fyuluta yotsuka madzi,
• chotenthetsera kuti nyanjayo isamagwire kutentha,
• kuyatsa magetsi
• zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndi madzi okwanira ndi mpweya (aerator kapena compressor),
• matenthedhi,
• chivindikiro kuti chivundikiro cha "bokosi lagalasi",
• nsomba za azisamariya ndi nsomba - chidebe, chinkhupule, chopopera, ukonde,
• zida zokongoletsera - mbewu, dothi, driftwood, "nyumba" zokongoletsera: zipilala, zipolopolo, miyala yamiyala,

• kumbuyo kwa khoma lakumbuyo,
• ndipo, chabwino, nduna yomwe nyumba yanu ya nsomba imakhalako.

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimafunika kuti woyamba kubala nsomba asamalidwe m'madzi, momwe angagulire ndikusankha malo abwino a ziweto zake zolimba.

Malamulo a asitikali

Malangizo kwa oyamba oyenda pansi:

1. Onani momwe amaonekera nsomba. Mtundu uyenera kukhala wokhutira, maso popanda opacities. Ngati mukukayikira, funsani akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi, kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za vutoli, magawo am'madzi ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba.
2. Dziwani kuti ngakhale m'mizinda yabwinobwino, kuphatikiza pazomera ndi nsomba, nzika zina zochepa zimapezeka (mwachitsanzo, ciliates kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono).
3. Tumikirani aquarium pa nthawi. Kusamalitsa bwino kwa malo am'madzi kumapangitsa kuti poizoni asungidwe komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira.
4. Mukamadutsa nsomba zatsopano, phunzirani za izo. Amatha kukhala osagwirizana pamagawo ofunikira a madzi kapena kutentha.
5. Pakumwalira kwa nsomba yomweyo chotsani mtembowo m'madzi. Dziwani chomwe chimayambitsa Imfa pakuwunika kwakunja.
6. Ngati nsombayo ikuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda, ayikeni mumtsuko wina.
7. Osagogoda pagalasi ndipo musasokoneze moyo wa anthu okhala m'madzimo panyumba zosafunikira.
8. Popeza mwayamba kusodza nsomba, werengani zomwe simungathe kuchita popanda kuthekera bwino, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa akazi omwe amakhala.
9. Popewa kuwononga makoma amadzimadzi, gwiritsani ntchito chopanda chitsulo.
10. Ngati miyala yasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera mumsewu, ayang'anireni kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zolemera za ayoni ndi acetic kapena citric acid. Miyala yokhala ndi zinthu zosafunikira imakhudzidwa ndi asidi. Wiritsani dothi bwino bwino kuti pasakhale majeremusi omwe amalowa m'madzimo. Chigoba chophatikizidwa m'chilengedwe chimakhalanso ndi kuwira kwathunthu.
11. Pokana kuti nsomba zizidumphira m'madzimo, ikani chovalacho ndi chivindikiro.
12. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera siphon ya aquarium; zida zolumikizira kapena kudyetsa nsomba ndizosatheka popanda maphunziro ndi maphunziro; zimatenga kudekha pang'ono musanayambe ntchito ya aquarium.

Sayansi ikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa nsomba kumazindikira ndi kuzindikira nkhope. Ziweto zamadzi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo komanso osiyanasiyana omverera. Osakhala aulesi kuti mupange mwayi padziko lapansi okhala pansi pamadzi, chifukwa nsomba ndizosavuta komanso zanzeru.

Zida zoyeserera

Woyang'anira aliyense amafunikira zida zowonjezera zomwe zithandizira kuyeretsa kwamadzi, kuyang'anira kwake, kudzawunikira dziko lapansi lamadzi, kukonza ndi kutentha.

Zosefera - chinthu choyambirira chomwe aquarium iliyonse imafunikira. Zosefera zimayenera kugwira ntchito mosadukiza, osazimitsa. Ndipo chifukwa masabata angapo atatha kuchuluka, magulu a mabakiteriya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsomba amawongolera zosefera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusefukira kwamadzi kwachilengedwe. Koma mabakiteriyawa amafunikira mpweya wambiri, womwe zosefera zimawapatsa.

Ngati mungayimire pang'ono, mabakiteriya adzafa, ndipo malo awo adzatengedwa ndi mabakiteriya owopsa a anaerobic, omwe amapanga hydrogen sulfide ndi methane. Zosefera zimatengedwa bwino kwambiri mkati, ngakhale zilipo zakunja. Koma, ngati muli woyamba, tengani woyamba. Chofunika kwambiri, fyuluta iliyonse imapangidwira madzi ochepa. Ndipo palibe chifukwa choti mutenge yomwe ili yocheperako kuposa yomwe mudzakhale nayo m'madzi anu. Ndikofunika kuti mutenge fyuluta yopangira madzi ochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, malita 50 kuposa mphamvu yanu.

Web Chofunika kuonetsetsa kuti malo am'madzi ali ndi kutentha komwe ziweto ndi zomera zimafunikira. Ma heti adapangidwanso gawo lina la aquarium, kotero sankhani nokha. Thermometer yolumikizidwa kukhoma lamkati la thankiyo ingathandize kuwongolera kutentha kwa madzi.

Kuwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nyali za fluorescent. Kuti maluwa azika mizu ndikukula bwino, kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala kwambiri. Zofunikira zovomerezeka ndi 0.6W pa lita imodzi, koma ndibwino kutenga kuwala kwa 0.9 mpaka 1W pa lita imodzi.

Kutalika kwa masana maola kwa nsomba ndikofunikira. Ziyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe zolakwika komanso kuti musaiwale kuzimitsa magetsi pakafunika kutero, gulani pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imayang'anira kuyatsa ndi kuyatsa nyali.

Wopondaponda oyamba samalangizidwa kuti azigula pakangotha ​​kugula. Yembekezerani masabata angapo mpaka microflora ya bakiteriya ikhazikike mkati mwa dziko lapansi lamadzi, kenako pokhazikitsa ndi aerator. Za chimakwirira, ndikofunikira kugula aquarium yomwe ili naye nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimathetsa mavuto angapo nthawi imodzi - kuyatsa kumapangidwira, pali zenera lodyetsa nsomba, ndikuwathandiza kuti asatuluke m'madzi kapena kulowa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kumbuyo kwa khoma lakumbuyo Ndikofunika kugula monochromatic, osati chithunzi cha motley, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimawoneka chotsika mtengo ndikuwononga malingaliro apangidwe amkati.

Imani "Bokosi lagalasi" lomwe mutha kugula padera, koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yomwe zinthu zonse zimaphatikizidwa - aquarium, yomwe imabwera mwachangu ndi chikho. Kenako simudzakhala ndi zovuta ndi kapangidwe ndi kukula kwake.

Kuyang'ana ndi kukonza ma aquarium

Ndiye mwasankha pankhani yosankha momwe mungasungire nsomba. Aquarium ali pamalo anu ndipo ali okonzeka kuti ayigwire. Zida zonse zofunika zimagulidwanso. Choyamba, lingalirani za malo m'chipinda momwe mungakhazikitsire dziko lapansi lamadzi. Ngati munagula chidebe nthawi yomweyo ndi nduna, ndiye kuti mavuto ambiri atha kuthetsedwa. Ngati sichoncho, samalirani kudalirika kwa malo omwe adzaimire.

Pamwamba pa nduna kuyenera kukhala mosalala bwino, apo ayi pansi pa aquarium padzayamba kumira nthawi yayitali pamapazi, ndipo amatha kusweka. Popewa izi, ikani chivundikiro chowoneka ndi mphira, ngati mphasa kapena mphira yamafuta, pansi pa beseni.

Yesetsani kusankha malo omwe si oyandikira kwambiri pazenera, apo ayi mpweya wambiri ukadzayamba kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kadzuwa kambiri kumasangalatsa. Komanso pewani kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi ma radiators ndi ma radiyo, apo ayi madziwo azitha.

Yendetsani ku bokosi lamagalasi. Dalirani zigawo zinayi zokhazikikira - izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuti muyatse zida zina zonse.

Kukonzekera aquarium palokha kumafuna zingapo:

• ndikofunikira kuyeretsa chidebe. Soda, Bleach, kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse a m'nyumba ndi oyenera izi. Chachikulu ndichakuti mankhwalawa amatsukidwa ndi madzi oyenda. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zotsalira mkati mwa chidebe,
• ikani “mtsuko” pachotengera, ikani chovalacho ndi nyali, onetsetsani kuti kuunikaku kumagwira ntchito moyenera. Zachidziwikire, mudzayamba kuyatsa kuwunika pakatha milungu ingapo, koma muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino, apo ayi zingakhale zovuta kusuntha aquarium pambuyo pake,
• onani zida zonse - ziyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera,
• mukamagwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera chamadzi pansi, konzekani tsopano, choyambirira,
• ikani dothi mumtsuko. Danga lake likhale pafupifupi masentimita atatu, mukadzala mbewu mmenemo.

• ikani zokongola, pangani mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna
• ikani zosefera, compressor ndi thermometer,
• pang'onopang'ono dzazani chidebe ndi madzi. Kuti musasokolane ndi dothi, ikani msuzi pansi ndikuthira pang'onopang'ono. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi, koma ngati muli ndi mnzanu wokhala ndi aquarium, ndiye mupempheni madzi am'madzi - ndi abwino kwambiri kwa nsomba, koma ayenera kukhala opitilira theka. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito fyuluta yakale, momwe muli microflora yokhala ndi mabakiteriya. Koma muyenera kukhala otsimikiza zaukhondo ndi kudalirika kwa madzi omwe wabwerekedwa ndi kusefa,
• mutatha kudzaza madzi, mutha kuyatsa zida: aerator, kutentha kwawongolera ndi kusefa. Yotsirizira imayikidwa nthawi yomweyo kukhala mphamvu yapakatikati. Khazikitsani kutentha kwa mtundu wanu wa nsomba,
• Pakatha masiku angapo, madzi atakhazikika, mutha kudzala mbewu,
• nsomba zimayamba patapita nthawi - milungu iwiri. Osathamangira ndi izi, apo ayi chilengedwe sichingawakonde, ndipo atha kuvutika.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Musanadzaze dothi kukhala m'madzimo, muyenera kukonzekera. Ndi chinthu chimodzi ngati mumagula m'sitolo. Poterepa, muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyenda.

Koma ngati mugwiritse ntchito dothi lamtsinje, muyenera kukonzekera:

• Choyamba, yang'anani nthaka kuti ikhale yotetezeka. Kuti tichite izi, ndikokwanira kuponya miyala ingapo ndi asidi amtundu uliwonse, mwachitsanzo, tanthauzo la viniga. Ngati madzi onyowa, dothi silabwino kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ngati palibe zomwe tikuchita, titha kuganiza kuti ndi otetezeka,
• sambani nthaka ndi madzi oyenda,
• wiritsani kwa nthawi yayitali,
• nthaka yanu tsopano yakonzeka kuyala.

Mbale ndi miyala yokhala ndi saizi iliyonse imatha kuwiritsa kwa ola limodzi m'madzi amchere pang'ono. Koma kwa mchenga izi sizokwanira. Iyenera kuwerengedwa poto kwa theka la ora ndikulungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sume yabwino kuti ichotse tinthu tambiri.

Timakonzekeretsa nyumba kuti ikhale nsomba

M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba zambiri zimakonda kubisala m'nyumba zachilendo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti akhale ndi malo mu malo anu am'madzi momwe amatha kubisala pamaso pawo. Pomanga malo ogona, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya driftwood, miyala ndi malo ogulitsira - zipilala zingapo, maofesi amadzi ndi zina zamapangidwe a mini. Mulimonsemo, ziribe kanthu momwe malowedwewo alowera mnyumba mwanu, kuchokera pansi pa dziwe, kapena kuchokera pashopu yosungira, akuyenera kuyang'aniridwapo asanachitike kumizidwa mu tanki la aquarium. Zodzikongoletsera kuchokera ku sitolo - ndipo sizingakhale zokhoma zokha, komanso mitengo yomweyo ya miyala yotayirira - zimakonzedwa kale, kutsukidwa kwa tizirombo ndipo mwina sikufuna kukonzedwa kunyumba. Mitsuko yokongoletsa yotereyi pansi pamadzi ndi kuwira kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Koma ndi miyala ndi mabatani omwe amapezeka mumtundu wawo, ayenera kunong'oneza.

Miyala ya aquarium ndi yachilengedwe, yopangidwa mwachilengedwe, (yachilengedwe, yokonzedwa m'sitolo, mwachitsanzo, yosemedwa kapena kupindika kwa mawonekedwe ena) komanso yokumba (mwachitsanzo, galasi - njira yotsika mtengo komanso yowoneka bwino).

Miyala yomwe mumapeza m'chilengedwe iyenera kukhala yotetezeka momwe ingathere. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti malo omwe adachokerako ndi ofunika, chifukwa mankhwala onenepa kwambiri amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi migodi ndi mabatani kuti amuchotsere mafuta ena aliwonse.

Komanso miyala yomwe imakhala ndi kuwala kowala kwambiri, dzimbiri zosakhala zachilengedwe kapena zitsulo zachitsulo, kapena yokhala ndi fungo losiyanitsa siziyenera kuyikidwa mumtsuko. Zonsezi zikunena za zosayipa zowopsa.

Osakongoletsa dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ndi miyala ya laimu, miyala ing'ono kwambiri komanso zowonongeka ndi tchipisi. Mwambiri, miyala yomwe ili ndi zowonongeka zilizonse komanso ming'alu, makamaka ikung'ambika, siyiyenera kuyikidwa. Miyala yolemeranso ndiyosafunikira, chifukwa kulemera kwake kwakukulu kumatha kubweretsa ming'alu mugalasi. Koma ndi miyala yanji yokongoletsera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupangira mawonekedwe okondweretsa ndikusangalatsa nsomba pomatsata chilengedwe chawo:

• miyala yomwe imapezeka pafupi ndi malo omwe amakaikirako miyala kuti apange zifanizo, miyala yamiyala ndi zomangamanga,
• Quartz, omwe amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mitsempha yowoneka bwino komanso yoyera,
• zokutira, yunifolomu, monophonic.

Asanayike miyala yachilengedwe pansi pa pansi pa aquarium, ndikofunikira kuwatsogolera kunamizira:

• Sumutsani mwala uliwonse pansi pamadzi. Koma osagwiritsa ntchito zotchingira,
• Chotsani dothi lililonse pamtunda, osati zinyalala zokha, koma makamaka lichens, nkhungu, moss,
• Yang'anirani mosamala ming'alu momwe kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zodetsa kumasonkhana. Yeretsani madera ovuta, mwachitsanzo ndi bulashi wameno,
• wiritsani miyala m'madzi kwa ola limodzi ndi theka kapena calcine mu poto pafupifupi kotala la ola.

Pambuyo pazochitikazo, miyala idakonzeka kale kumiza, zimangokhala kuti zizizizirira.

Nkhani za nkhono, zimakhudzidwanso mokakamizidwa - kuwonjezera apo, nonse omwe mumapeza ndikugula m'sitolo.

Kukonzekera kwa nkhono ndi motere:

• ngati mitengo ya driftwood ikagulidwa m malo ogulitsira, ndiye kuti safunika kuwira. Komabe, kwa kanthawi iyenera kuyikidwa m'madzi amchere. Ndibwino ngati mtengowo umanyowa kwa pafupifupi sabata limodzi, koma motalikirapo, ndi bwino. Mchere wochokera kumadzi umapha tizinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timatsalira mu nkhuni. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakuti mtengo nthawi zina umasowetsa madzi, kuwonda kwakanthawi kumangopangitsa kuti madzi mu aquarium akhale oyera kale.
• driftwood yachilengedwe imatha kukonza zowonjezereka. Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yolimba. Osagwiritsa ntchito ma conifers, popeza ndi ofewa komanso otopetsa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito driftwood kuchokera ku oak, msondodzi, mpesa, beech, apulo, alder ndi maula. Mitengo yamitengo ili ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso ma sera ochepa.
• nadzatsuka chigoba pansi pa madzi akumwa, yeretsani chilichonse ndi zinyalala, mosses ndi tizilombo,
• thirani mtengowo m'madzi amchere mwina pafupifupi sabata limodzi,
• wiritsani msuzi m'madzi amchere kwa maola 6-8. Kukula kwa mtengowo kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti madzi amatha kuphimba chilichonse pachithunzichi, apo ayi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tikhala m'malo omwe sanalandire kutentha.
• Chotsani khungwa, apo ayi lisintha madzi mu aquarium mtsogolo ndipo pang'onopang'ono ligwa,
• mukatha kuphika, musathamangire kumiza mtengowo m'madzimo, koma onetsetsani kuti samasanjanso madzi. Kuti muchite izi, siyani "kukongoletsa" kuti kugona m'madzi amchere masiku ena angapo. Ngati madziwo ndi achikuda kwambiri, ndiye kuti muzipitirirabe kuzimiririka, ndipo ngati utoto wake utakhala wocheperako, mutha kumubiza mwamphamvu pansi pamadzi.

Kuthira m'madzi amchere sikuti kumapha mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso kumathandizira kuti nkhuni zisungidwe.

Ntchito yonse yokonzekera ikamalizidwa, ndipo mwapanga kale chithunzi cha malo omwe mukufuna kuti muwone padziko lapansi pansi pamadzi, ndi nthawi yofunika kumira uku pansi.

Malamulo ochepa opangitsa kuti kayendedwe ka aqua kuoneke mwachilengedwe:

• osayika danga ndi milu yayikulu,
• gwiritsani ntchito maziko oyipa amdima
• Pangani malingaliro anu ndikuyika tilingani
• ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera zopangidwa mwakapangidwe ka mizinga ndi sitima zapamadzi, koma tsopano izi zonse ndi zinthu zakale. Zowoneka bwino zachilengedwe za matupi amadzi - madzi ndi miyala,
• phatikizani zokongoletsera ndi zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zokwawa zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu-zotsalira (zomalizirazo ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa zakale kuti musakhale wofupika),
• ndipo, koposa zonse, kuti mumakonda mawonekedwe omwe adamangidwa.

Kukongoletsa ndi kubzala mbewu

Malangizo pang'onopang'ono poyambira aquarium ndiomera ndikuti amafunika motere:

• ndibwino kugula mbewu zam'madzi mu shopu, popeza zathu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosayenera kukhala mnyumba,
• Zomera zonse ziyenera kutsukidwa zilizonse zovomerezeka pansi pa madzi,
• mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate (2% manganese pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Sungani zomerazi m'madzi pafupifupi mphindi 10,

• nadzatsanso pansi pamadzi,
• chepetsa mizu yayitali kwambiri

• Mutha kusiya mbewuyo kwa masiku anayi mumtsuko wamadzi, pomwe nthawi imeneyi izikhala ndi nthawi yopanga microflora yawo, kenaka ndikuzinyamula mu aquarium,
• musayike mbewu mwachidwi mu thankiamu ya m'madzi, chifukwa zimatha kukula kwambiri ndikusokoneza mzake pakukula,
• ikani mizu m'nthaka kuti dothi lonse iziphimbira, koma osanama kwambiri kuti mizu imasambitsidwa momasuka ndi madzi, koma masamba okula akhale pansi.
• ikani mbewu zazikulu kumbuyo kuti zisatseke mawonekedwe ndikuwoneka bwino,

• pakati ndi m'mbali, ikani mbewu zazing'ono kukula,
• pangani mbeu zing'onozing'ono zokhazikika.

Dzazani madzi

Asanatsanulire madzi mu aquarium, iyenera kukonzekereranso. Madzi wamba ampopi siabwino kwenikweni, chifukwa ali ndi chlorine yambiri komanso zitsulo zovulaza. Chifukwa chake, liyenera kutetezedwa poyamba kwa masiku 4-5. Munthawi imeneyi, madzi amathandizanso kutentha kwa chipinda.

Njira yabwino ndiy kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amadzimadzi. Mutha kuzipeza kuchokera kwa bwenzi lonyanzalo, ngati lilipo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi oterewa kumayenera kukhala 2/3 ya voliyumu yonse. Koma, ngati simukutsimikiza za ukhondo ndi madzi, ndibwino kuti musawaike pachiwopsezo, apo ayi mutha kufalitsa mabakiteriya ovulaza ziweto zanu.

Mtheradi wophatikiza wamadzi a aquarium ndikuti uli kale ndi microflora yapadera komanso yofunikira ya nsomba. Koma ngati mulibe imodzi, zilibe kanthu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga, omwe kale amatetezedwa. Thirani madzi mu thanki mukangoyala dothi. Nkhani yodzala mbewu pamenepa ndi vuto.

Choyamba, mutha kudzaza madzi m'magawo, kubzala mbewu m'migawo. Choyamba, chotsika, squat, kenako pamwambapa, ndipo pamapeto - chachikulu, kutali komanso kuyandama. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lililonse lobzala limatsagana ndi kuthira madzi kotero kuti imakwirira pang'ono mitundu yatsopano yobzalidwa.

Ndipo chachiwiri, mutha kuthira madzi onse nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, pankhaniyi, ayenera kupeza nthawi yokwanira, zomwe zimatenga theka la sabata.

Kuchuluka kwa nsomba

Tsopano tikudziwa kale momwe mungakonzekere malo okhala m'madzi momwe mungakhalire ndi nsomba - thankiyo imadzaza ndi madzi, nthaka imadzaza, nthaka imabzalidwa ndipo pafupifupi masiku 10 adutsa. Ndiye mutha kudzaza nsomba. Tiyeni tiwone momwe angakhazikitsire nyumba yatsopano:

• kuyesa kwamadzi asanachitike.
• Kusintha ndi kufulumizitsa kapangidwe ka microflora m'madzi, mutha kuwonjezera chida chapadera ndi mabakiteriya, omwe amagulitsidwa m'misika yazaka,
• dzaza nsomba pang'onopang'ono - poyamba zosadzinyenga kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zingapo, kenaka pang'onopang'ono onjezani ena okhala nawo,
• Popeza nsomba zimakonda kugulitsidwa m'matumba odzaza ndi madzi, muyenera kupita nazo mosamala kwambiri,
• Yatsani kuwala mu chidebe musanakhazikike kuti wopanga watsopanoyo asatuluke pakuwala.
• miza chikwama m'madzi a aquarium kwa kotala la ola kuti madzi mkati ndi kunja asakhale kutentha kofanana,
• tsegulani chikwamacho pang'ono ndi kulowereramo ndi madzi am'madzi,
• tembenuzani chikwamacho mosamala pang'ono ndi kutulutsira nsomba m'nyanjayo,
• siyani kuwala kwa mphindi 10 kuti wopanga watsopanoyo azolowere,
• Tsopano kuyatsa kungayimitsidwe.

Kumbukirani kuti kumwa nsomba mopitirira muyeso kumakhala kovutirapo kuposa kuponderezedwa. Makamaka mu tsiku loyamba mutakhazikika. Osayesa kudyetsa nsombazo nthawi yomweyo!

Kusamalira nsomba kwa Oyambira

Mukakonza malo oti azigwirira ntchito, kuti mudzaze ndi zomera ndikuyambitsa nsomba, tiyang'ana maziko oyambira kusamalira nsomba omwe oyamba ayenera kudziwa:

• khalani ndi chidwi ndi zonse zomwe zikupezeka zokhudza nsomba zanu kuti mutha kuzilembera,
• yang'anani oyandikana nawo, pewani nsomba zomwe zikujenjemera,
• pangani malo abwino a ziweto,
• kuwunika kukhazikika kwa microclimate mkati mwa aquarium, kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza,
• Nthawi zonse muzidyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya choyenera,

• musalole kudya kwambiri mafuta, chifukwa nsomba zochuluka kwambiri zimadya mpweya wambiri, womwe ungakhale wopanda,
• chakudya chomwe chatsala m'miyeso,
• kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso nthawi yomweyo masana,
• amadyetsa magazi kawiri patsiku: m'mawa, atatha madzi pafupifupi theka la ola asanadye, ndipo madzulo, maola angapo usiku usanade.

khalani oyera m'madzi komanso kuti asadetsedwe,

• sinthani madzi nthawi, koma musasinthe yonse, kuwononga microflora yokhazikitsidwa,
• Yenderani nsomba kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kuti musasemphane ndi zizindikiro zoyambira.

Chifukwa chake tidasanthula mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingatherere mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe woyambitsa ayenera kudziwa asanayambe koyamba kwa aquarium. Mukamatsatira malangizo mosamala komanso osathamanga ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa nyumba yanu, ndiye kuti dziko lanu pansi pa madzi limakusangalatsani ndi msipu wazomera zazikulu komanso "kuvina" kwachangu.

Kugula nsomba

Ma phenotypes omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi kowala. Pamodzi ndi iwo, amphaka amtundu wa nsomba, omwe amatsuka thankiyo kuchokera kuzinthu zotsalira za chakudya ndi zolengedwa, kuthandiza mwini wake. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ziweto zapamwamba kapena zazikulu, ndiye akatswiri odziwa zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kugula mitundu monga:

• kakhosi wamiyendo yakuda,
• zakuthambo
• Sumatran barbus
• galasi nsomba
• kulimbana cockerels.

Mitunduyi ilinso yokongola, yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba, koma imayenera kusamalidwa mosamalitsa. Phenotypes amafunikiranso malo akulu - kuchokera pa malita 50 amadzi pachimake, ndipo amadziwika ndi nkhanza, chifukwa chake mitundu iyi ilibe nsomba zazing'ono.

Malangizo onse

Oyamba kumene oyenda pamadzi amabwera ndi malangizo ndi machenjera, zomwe ndi izi:

• Akatswiri amalimbikitsa mawonekedwe amakumbiridwe osungirako, pomwe kutalika kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kupingasa, komanso kochepera kutalika.
• Dziwe lochita kuikiralo limayikidwa pamalo opanda phokoso osasanjika, amkati, kapena ming'alu. M'mphepete mwa thankiyo musatuluke mopanda kutero, mwina chitsacho chingawonongeke.
• Mukamasankha mawonekedwe osungira, ndibwino kuti musagule aquarium yamagalasi kapena mpira. Makoma osunthika molakwika bwino, nchifukwa chake nsomba zimapanikizika.
• Kutsatira kutentha kwa boma komanso magawo amadzi ofunikira athandiza kupewa matenda ndi kufa kwa ziweto.
• Popeza azaza nsomba m'madzi am'madzi, akuyenera kuwayang'anira. Dyetsani ziweto zanu kamodzi patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamagulu onse. Zotsalira zomwe zimadyetsedwa kuchokera kudziwe zimachotsedwa kuti zisavulaza algae. Ndikosatheka kuthana nazo ziweto.
• Madzi amasinthidwa sabata iliyonse, amasintha 25% ya voliyumu. Yeretsani m'madzi ndi dothi pafupipafupi, chotsani zinyalala za chakudya, zolembera, zinyalala zamafuta ndi zinyalala zina.
• Zosefera ndi chowongolera zimayang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zisachitike.
• Maola masana sayenera kupitirira maola 11, apo ayi chiwopsezo cha mawonekedwe a tiziromboti ndi chachikulu.

Mwa kusankha ndi kugula zonse zomwe mukufuna, komanso kutsatira malangizo ndi malamulo, mutha kupanga chozizwitsa kunyumba - malo okhala ndi anthu okhala pamadzi okongola ndi maluwa obiriwira osawoneka bwino. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kukonza malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndi ntchito yomwe imafuna chisamaliro chokwanira ndikuwongolera, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musayike aquarium ya anthu osalabadira. Kupatula apo, sikokwanira kungogula thanki ndi nsomba, muyenera kuyang'anira ndi kukonda ziweto - kenako zidzabwezeranso.

Zonse zimayamba pokonzekera malowa

Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi nyumba yayikulu yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopeza nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi. Pazifukwa zina, alendo obwera kumene, atawerenga zambiri pa intaneti, amabwera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto ali ndi chikhumbochi. Ogulitsa akayamba kufotokozera zoopsa, ogula angathe kukwiya ndikuwomba mzere wawo.

Okondedwa owerenga, musatero! Kufuna kwanu ndikomveka, koma aquarium yakunyumba yoyambira iyenera kukhala yosiyana kotheratu. Izi zikufotokozedwa pansipa, koma pakadali pano, tiyeni tikambirane za kukhazikitsa.

Mukufuna tebulo yogona pafupi ndi bedi, ndikofunika kuti mugule pa malo ogulitsa ziweto musanagule aquarium. Pazowopsa, nduna iliyonse yolimba ingachite, ingokani kukhazikitsa aquarium pagawo loonda la chipboard. Ndi chinthu chimodzi ngati nyumba yam'tsogolo ya nsomba zazing'ono ndizokwanira 25 malita, ndipo ma aquariamu 40, 50 ndi malita ena ndi enanso. Amalemera okha, ndipo ndi madzi amalemera kwambiri. Tsamba la chipboard ndi lofooka, pali zosamveka zina zomwe sizimaoneka ndi maso. Kusokoneza kocheperako (1 millimeter ndikokwanira) ndikokwanira kuti mng'alu upite limodzi ndigalasi. Zotsatira zake, zimaphulika, madzi pansi, nthawi zambiri ndi nsomba.

Kodi malo abwino kukhazikitsa aquarium ali kuti? Kutali ndi zenera, kuti kuwala kwadzuwa sikugwire pamenepo. Onetsetsani kuti mukugula mphasa pansi pa pansi pa aquarium pansi, zithandiza kupewa kungophulika mwangozi galasi pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi.

Zosefera ndi CO2 ya CO2

Chifukwa chiyani tikufuna CO2 pamadzi? Amakwaniritsa zomerazi ndi mpweya woipa. Pali zosankha zingapo zakukhazikitsa, kuyambira wothandizira ndi mapiritsi. Pakasamariya kakang'ono, mpaka malita 30, omwe ali ndi mbewu zochepa, kukhazikitsa koteroko sikofunikira. Fyuluta imodzi ndiyokwanira, popanda iyo, nsomba zimafa chifukwa chosowa mpweya komanso kuyeretsa kwamadzi.

Tiyeni tisankhe zosefera mu aquarium yakunyumba kwa oyambira kumene. Pali mitundu ingapo yamakampani odziwika bwino mu msika waku Russia. Pakati pawo pali Chinese, Germany, America ndi Chipolishi. Zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndiye zoyambirira, komabe, pogula zosefera za Chitchaina, timasewera masewera achi Russia. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, zidazi zidzagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, apo ayi moyo wautumiki uzitha mwezi umodzi ukatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa aquarium.

Zosefera zaku Germany ndi Chipolishi ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri, malingana ndi upangiri wa akatswiri odziwa zankhondo. Amawononga ndalama kangapo kuposa Chitchaina, koma amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu kapena kupitirira apo.

Zosefera zimasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa aquarium. Kuti mukhale ndi malita 25, ndikofunikira kugula fyuluta yopangira malita 0-30. Pogula thanki yokhala ndi malita 30, sankhani fayilo yamphamvu kwambiri. Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala zida zopangira 30-60 malita.

Web ndi thermometer

Ambiri nsomba ndi thermophilic, amafunika kutentha kwina. Pofuna kuiwongolera, chotenthetsera chinagula. Zida zimasankhidwa poyerekeza ndi fyuluta: kukula kwa voliyumu ndi kokulirapo, chotenthetsera moto uyenera kukhala. Timalimbikitsa kugula zosefera ndi chotenthetsera kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo.

Thermometer itha kugulidwa yotsika mtengo, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Ma thermometers onse ali ndi vuto, motero sizikupanga nzeru zokulitsa ndalama zodula. Malangizo okhawo ndi kukana kupeza ma thermometers aku China.

Ikani aquarium

Munagula thanki yoyenera, yoikiratu ndipo mwakonzeka kuti mudzaze ndi madzi. Funso laling'ono: kodi adateteza madzi? Poyambira koyamba, ndikofunikira kuteteza madziwo kwa sabata limodzi, m'sitolo yazinyama amatha kulimbikitsa mpweya kuti uziyeretsa. Zikhala zabwino mtsogolomo, koma poyambitsa koyamba ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira "yayikulu" yokwezera.

Sungani madzi mumtsuko ndi kuwaika pamalo otentha komanso otentha. Zotengera zonse, kaya zidebe kapena mabotolo apulasitiki, zimasungidwa lotseguka kuti zodetsa zoipa zizichoka m'madzi. Pambuyo pokhazikika imathiridwa mu aquarium.

Mwa njira, pafupifupi anaiwalika. Mutabweretsa thumba la nsomba kunyumba, lisambe ndikuwuma. Kenako ikani pamalo osankhidwa, koma osadzaza ndi madzi.

Kusankhidwa kwa dothi

Nthaka imafunika mu aquarium yakunyumba kwa oyambira kumene. Ganizirani zokonda zachilengedwe - mchenga, miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena miyala. Pewani kutengapo dothi la mitundu yambiri, mawonekedwe a utoto akhoza kukhala osayenera. Madzi, dothi limayamba "kupendekeka", ndikupatsa mtundu. Zigawo za utoto ndizophera nsomba.

Kodi mwasankha pansi? Zabwino, tsopano zatsalira kuti muzimutsuka ndikuwuphika. Nthaka imatsukidwa pansi pa madzi mpaka itawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Kenako imawiritsa kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 ndi kuphira.

Kuyika pansi komanso kukonza zida

Mwina mukufuna kudziwa nsomba zam'madzi zazing'ono zomwe ndizoyenera kwambiri? Khalani oleza mtima, tikuuzeni posachedwa. Tiye tikambirane za mphindi yofunika kwambiri.

Timayala dothi m'madzimo. Pa khoma lakumbuyo, chiwerengero chake chizikhala chachikulu, kutsogolo - chochepera. Chifukwa chake, mumapeza zosalala, ngati muwoneka bwino mutagona.

Mutapanga phiri, yambani kudzaza nthaka ndi madzi. Timayika msuzi pakati penipeni pa aquarium, kuthira madzi mumtsinje woonda kotero kuti umayenda motsatana kuchokera m'mphepete, kuphimba pansi. Njira yayitali, khalani oleza mtima.

Pambuyo podzaza aquarium ndi madzi, timayimitsa kosefera ndi chotenthetsera. Yang'anirani malekezero akumunsi omwe heater akhoza kutsitsidwa ndi madzi. Amalembedwa mwachindunji pazida ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa.

Fyulirayo imamizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi, chingwe chokha ndi chubu cha mpweya woonda ndizotsalira pamwamba. Werengani malangizowa mosamala kuti mumvetsetse chubu iti.

Mukakhazikitsa zida, ziziwayendetsa maola 24.

Kugula Pogona

Mfundo ina ndi kupezeka kwa malo okongola ndi pobisalamo mbewu. Palibe malingaliro pa nkhaniyi, zonse zimatengera kukoma ndi kuthekera kwachuma kwa novice aquarist.

Atapeza maonekedwe, amasambitsidwa bwino m'madzi otentha, amalola kuti aume ndipo aikidwe mu aquarium.

Kusankha nsomba

Ndi nsomba iti yomwe imakwanira mu aquarium yaying'ono? Zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa thankiyo: ngati mutagula ngalande yozungulira yolemba malita asanu (ndikokokomeza), amaika cockerel imodzi pamenepo. Nsomba iyi ndi yankhondo, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera ndi mawonekedwe ake oterera. Mukamagula cockerel, iwalani za nsomba zina, omwe akuyimira mtunduwo amakhala okha. Makamaka abambo a norovist, amatha kupha munthu wamkazi wamtundu wake.

Timalimbikitsa kuyang'anira chidwi ndi nsomba zokhala ndi moyo. Awa ndi maguwa, amalupanga, malupanga. Zing'ono kwambiri komanso zoyenda kwambiri ndi ma guppie, michira yawo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakondweretsa alendo oyenda m'madzi.

Amuna amasiyana amuna ndi akazi mu mtundu wowala ndi kukula kwake. Oimira dothi lamphamvu lamadzi ndi ochepa kuposa atsikana. Akazi ndi akulu, wokhala ndi mimba yozungulira, monga lamulo, wopakidwa imvi.

Pa guppy imodzi mumafunika malita atatu a madzi osachepera. Chifukwa chake, nsomba 10 zimatha kuyikidwa mu aquarium momwe zingakwanitse 30 malita. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chokwanira, abwino adzakhala theka la zomwe zatchulidwa.

Nsomba zokongola - malupanga ndi ma mollies. Malupanga amatha kukhala a lalanje, akuda komanso awiri-toni. Mbali yayikulu ya amuna ndi "lupanga" lalitali pamapeto audindo. Oimira nyamazo ndi akulu kuposa ma guppies, amafunika madzi ambiri - kuchokera pa malita asanu.

Msodzi wosanyengerera kwambiri wam'madzi ndi mollinsia. Oyimira akuda ndi oyera amtunduwu ndi abwino kwambiri.

About chakudya

Nkhaniyi yayandikira kutha, komabe tikunena za chakudya cha nsomba. Sankhani zakudya zaku Germany, mutha kuzigula m'mapaketi komanso mwakulemera. Zotsalazo ndizotsika mtengo, koma zongogula m'misika yodalirika yazinyama.

Chakudya chotchuka kwambiri monga ma flakes. Ndi yabwino kudyetsa nsomba. Zakudya za Pet kawiri pa tsiku, zazing'ono. Chakudyacho sichiyenera kukhazikika pansi pamadzi, ngati izi zichitika, nsomba zikudya moperewera, kuchepetsa pang'ono magawo.