Kuweta nkhosa m'malo ovuta nthawi zonse kumakhalabe njira yopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, madera otchuka azikanyama. Ng'ombe zotere zimapatsa eni ake kuchuluka kwa nyama, mkaka, ubweya. Koma kuti akwaniritse zabwino zofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi ndizotheka pokhapokha kudyetsa nkhosa kudongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa zakudya za nyama zotere kumapereka lingaliro zingapo, zomwe siwe obereketsa aliyense amadziwa.
Kodi nkhosa zimadya chiyani?
Musanapereke malangizo othandiza kupangira zakudya ndi zakudya, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe nkhosa zimadya kuswana kunyumba. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zolengedwa zam'madzi zoterezi ndizopatsa chidwi, ndipo ndikamasiyana kwambiri komanso ndikamalimbitsa menyu, abusawo amamva bwino.
Kuzindikira
Chakudya chophatikizika ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakudya kwa nkhosayi nthawi yozizira. Zakudya zotere zimapatsa nyamayo mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula komanso kugwira ntchito kwabwino kwa thupi.
Koma singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko a menyu. Chakudya chophatikizidwa chokha sichikhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi zamtundu uwu wa ziweto. Koma limafotokoza zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi:
- cellulose,
- mapuloteni (m'miyendo),
- wowuma,
- mafuta osiyanasiyana.
Zonse zodyetsedwa, kutengera magawo ndi magawo ake, zimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
- Chikhalidwe. Pazosiyanasiyana za mbewu zotere, nkhosa, tirigu ndi barele zimaphatikizidwanso m'zakudya za nkhosa.
- Ziphuphu Gwiritsani makamaka vetch ndi pea.
- Kupanga tirigu. Gululi limaphatikizapo chakudya ndi mkate wa mpendadzuwa, chimanga, oat chinangwa.
- Chakudya chonse cha nkhosa. Zosakaniza zoterezi zimapereka lingaliro labwino kwambiri malinga ndi mavitamini ndi michere. Kuphatikiza apo, nyimbozi zimangoyang'ana pagulu la zolengedwa zamoyo: nyama zazing'ono, zazitali kapena nkhosa zakufa, opanga nkhosa. Chifukwa chake, pogula chakudya panthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kulabadira.
Komanso chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ana a nkhosa. Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse chakudya chokwanira cha nkhosa imodzi chimakhala pafupifupi 150-170 g. Kwa nkhosa zikuluzikulu, nkhosa zimakwera 600 g.
Chomera
M'chilimwe, nkhosa nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa kudyetsa kwaulere. Poterepa, udzu umakhala ngati chakudya cha nyama.
Anaankhosa amadya
Chakudyachi chimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, kuchuluka kwa fiber, ndipo mu zobiriwira za nyemba mumakhalanso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Pazosiyanasiyana za chakudya chotere cha chakudya chamagulu a nkhosa ndi:
- zovala
- udzu wa tirigu
- zovala
- alfalfa
- ma dandelions.
Komanso, ziweto zimadya namsongole ndi zomera zamtengo wapatali mosangalala. Kuletsa nyama kuchita izi sikuyenera. Njira yotsegulira ana a nkhosa imatha kugaya chakudya chotere.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti msipu wa ziweto umasankhidwa pakati pa ziweto ndi dambo lalikulu. Madera otentha ndiopatula. Komanso, musagwiritse ntchito msipu ngati ukukula:
Yang'anani! Zomera zoterezi zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni mu nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, msipu suyenera kungokhala ndi pafupi ndi bedi lanyumba. Maluwa ambiri omwe amakula pamwamba pawo amakhalanso oopsa ku thanzi la nyama.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, musadyetse gululo patadutsa mvula yamphamvu kapena m'mawa kwambiri, mame asanatsike. Zomera zam'madzi sizikumbidwa bwino m'mphuno ya nyamayo ndikuyamba kupesa. Zotsatira zake, mpweya wambiri umadziunjikira mkati mwakudya zam'mimba ndikufalikira. Ndipo popanda chisamaliro choyenera cha zanyama, matenda oterewa nthawi zambiri amathera pakufa ng'ombe.
Mulingo wocheperako wa udzu pa nkhosa iliyonse ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 1-2 patsiku lililonse la kulemera kwake patsiku.
Masamba ndi masamba amizu
Mukamadyetsa nkhosa kunyumba, obereketsa ambiri amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza masamba osiyanasiyana mmenemo. Nkhosa zimadya mosangalala:
Mizu ya nkhosa
Mwa mbewu zazikulu, nyama zimakonda beets chakudya, kaloti, turnips ndi mbatata. Pafupifupi nyama imodzi imatha kudya mpaka makilogalamu anayi a masamba patsiku. Ali ndi michere, mavitamini ndi fiber, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa thupi la mwanawankhosa. Kuphatikiza apo, CHIKWANGWANI chimagwira matenda am'mimba, omwe amatha kukonza chimbudzi china.
Mitengo yazitsamba imadyetsedwa yaiwisi. Zomera zambiri za mizu nazonso. Chosiyana ndi mbatata zokha, zomwe zimaphikidwa musanatumikire. Zinthu zonsezi zimadulidwa mutizidutswa tating'ono tisanadye. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati nkhosayo safuna kudya masamba ena, ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi misa, yomwe ingapangitse kudya.
Roughage
Kudyetsa nkhosa mu dzinja ndi kasupe koyambirira kumakhazikitsidwa makamaka ndi roughage. Zakudya zotere zimasungidwa bwino, ndizopatsa thanzi komanso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ofunikira m'thupi.
Zakudya zamafuta zimaphatikizapo:
Palibe zitsamba zatsopano, udzu wapamwamba kwambiri ndiye gawo lalikulu pazosankhosa. Nkhosa komanso zowoneka bwino zimatha kudya makilogalamu atatu a zakudya zotere patsiku. Komanso, ili ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso michere yambiri.
Ndikofunika kukolola udzu pazotsatira zotsatirazi:
Zitsamba zotere zimasiyana pakapangidwe koyenera kwambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu uwu wa ziphuphu ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Zimathandizira nyama kuti isamangodyetsa thupi ndi zinthu zofunika, komanso kuthana ndi kusowa kwa zochitika zomwe zitha kuwonedwa pakusunga.
Panga
Straw imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Koma mosiyana ndi msipu, chakudya chotere sichimakhala ndi mavitamini komanso mapuloteni ofunikira pakukula kwa nyama. Chifukwa chake, musanadyetse nkhosazo ndi udzu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podzaza m'mimba za ziwetozo ndikwaniritsa njala yake. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku wa chakudya ichi suyenera kupitilira 2.5 kg.
Pakudya, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wokolola kuchokera ku zotere:
Haylage
Mosiyana ndi hay, mtundu uwu wa roughage umapereka chinyezi chambiri. Zomera zokolola zimayimitsidwa pokhapokha 50%, kenako zimayikidwa muzotengera zopanda mpweya ndikuisunga mkati mwake kufikira nthawi yachisanu isanayambe.
Ubwino wa chakudya chotere pa udzu ndikuti umasunga michere yambiri ndi mavitamini. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa haylage kumatha kukulitsa phindu la nyama zazing'ono nthawi yozizira, komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la achikulire, kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa chakudya chokomacho.
Zakudya Zamasamba Zosaphika
M'chilimwe, zokoma zimakhala 85% ya chakudya chonse. Amaphatikizapo udzu wobiriwira komanso ma silage. Nyama zimadya udzu wobiriwira pamalo odyetserako ziweto. Zomera zopatsa thanzi kwambiri zimaganiziridwa:
- zovala
- chomera,
- ma dandelions
- nettle,
- udzu wa tirigu
- udzu wina wopezeka.
Nthawi zina nkhosa zimadya minga yosiyanasiyana. Osasokoneza izi, chifukwa namsongole ndiwothandiza m'thupi lawo.
Kusiyana ndi udzu wothiridwa ndi mame. Amalawa ngati nkhosa, koma zovulaza kwa iwo. Kudya mafuta amtunduwu kumathina ndi kutuluka kwa chilonda (ili ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamimba) - tympanum, ndipo simungathe kuchita popanda thandizo la veterinarian. Sizopatsirana, koma nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyamayo chifukwa chotupa mwachangu ndi kupangika kwa mpweya. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, gululo sililoledwa kudyetsa msipu pakama mvula.
Musanatumize nyama kuti izidyetsa dongolo, onetsetsani kuti mulibe mbewu zapoizoni. Kwa nkhosa, ngozi ndi:
Ndibwino ngati mitengo imamera pabusa. Kenako chakudya cha nkhosicho chimasiyanasiyana ndi mphukira zazing'ono ndi nthambi. Wood ilinso ndi michere yambiri, michere ndi mavitamini. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizikula bwino komanso kuvala chovala chanyama. Chifukwa chake, ngati nkosatheka kudyetsa pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi, nthambi zake ziyenera kusungidwa pasadakhale.
Nkhosa imapatsidwa mphukira za m'munda wotsatira ndi zitsamba zamtchire ndi mitengo:
Chakudya cha nthambi chimasungidwa mu Julayi. Nthambi zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 50-60 masentimita ndi kukwera mpaka 1 masentimita kumapeto kotsika. Amamangidwa m'matumba, opachikidwa ndi mpweya wabwino womwe umateteza ntchito ku mvula ndi dzuwa, ndikuwuma kwa masiku 10-15. Masamba amasungidwa m'chipinda chamdima komanso chowuma.
Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, zakudya zamafuta zimayamba kuchepa, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera.
Mu kanema yemwe akuwonetsedwa, woweta akukamba za kudyetsa nkhosa zake:
Silage
Silo ndi chakudya chotsika mtengo chopatsa thanzi kwa nyama za pafamu, chomwe chimakonzedwa ndikuyansa magawo obiriwira azomera zosiyanasiyana.
Kwa nkhosa, imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo:
- Zomera zopopera - chimanga, mpendadzuwa,
- zinyalala m'munda wamasamba - nsonga za kaloti ndi beets, masamba a kabichi ndi saladi,
- zitsamba zanthete - Wikis, alfalfa, lupine, Yerusalemu artichoke, clover, fescue ndi ena.
Zitsamba zimayikidwa muming'alu kapena m'maenje, zoponderezedwa ndi mafinya ndikufundidwa ndi pulasitiki. Zinyama zazikulu zimadyetsedwa ndi masileji 3-4 makilogalamu patsiku.
Ikakola m'gululo, pamakhala asidi acetic wambiri komanso wa butyric, motero imapeza kukoma koyenera, komwe nkhosa sizimakonda. Mutha kupewa acidization, chifukwa:
- Pewani chinyezi chazomera zanu mpaka 60% poyimitsa,
- Udzu wophwanyidwawu umawonjezeredwa ku silo, koma udzu umatenga chomera chija, chomwe chimasungidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatayika pa silage.
Mizu ya mbatata, yoponderezedwa ndi misa ya mushy, imawonjezedwanso ku silo. Izi zimathandizira njira ya silage ndikupangitsa kuti zopangidwazo zikhale zopatsa thanzi.
Nthambi za mitengo ndi tchire
Kudyetsa kunthambi kumathandizanso kukulitsa phindu la zopatsa thanzi ndikukhalitsa mavitamini abwino a nyama nthawi yozizira. Kudyetsa anaankhosa, nthambi zazing'ono za mitundu yotsatirayi ya mitengo ndiyabwino:
Chakudya choterocho chimakonzedwa ndi nkhosa mu mawonekedwe a ma tsache, omwe amawuma mzipinda zokhala ndi mthunzi komanso mpweya wabwino.
Nyama imatha kudya mpaka makilogalamu 1.5 a nthambi zamasamba tsiku lililonse nthawi yozizira.
Zowonjezera Zamchere ndi Mavitamini
Zakudya zamafuta osiyanasiyana zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira thanzi la nkhosa. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimawonjezera pankhaniyi ndi mchere wamba wa tebulo. Zimathandizanso kukhala ndi madzi mthupi la mwanawankhosa. Mchere umaperekedwa kwa ng'ombe tsiku lililonse, muyezo wa 10-15 g.
Zosafunsanso kwa thupi la nkhosa ndi calcium ndi phosphorous. Amathandizira kulimbitsa mafupa, komanso amagwiranso ntchito zina zingapo zofunika m'thupi. Amakwaniritsa zofunikira za zinthuzi ndi choko ndi chakudya chamfupa, miyezo ya tsiku ndi tsiku yomwe imasankhidwa kutengera zaka komanso nyama.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zigawozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha komanso m'njira zingwe zopangidwa mwakonzeka, zomwe zimagulitsidwa muma pharmacies azanyama.
Kwa tsiku limodzi, nkhosa zimayenera kupereka malita osachepera 4-5 a madzi oyera ofunda. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wake ungasiyane kutengera nyengo. M'chilimwe, madzi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira kutentha, koma sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge madzi kuchokera kumadzi oyenda chifukwa cha izi.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi tsiku ndi tsiku kumatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa malita atatu amadzi pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya chinthu chouma chodyedwa.
Msipu wa nkhosa zamphaka
Zakudya zamagulu ndi nkhosa zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala zachilengedwe sizongosintha kwakanthawi kochepa pazinthu zamoyo zimafunikira mavitamini, komanso kufalitsa kwa obereketsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya.
M'chilimwe, maziko odyetsa gulu la nkhosawo ndi msipu wa ziweto zaulere. Zomera zatsopano zimakhala pafupifupi 85% yazakudya zonse zanyama. Komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amadyeka ndi nyama zachikulire kumasiyana pa 7 mpaka 9 makilogalamu patsiku. Achinyamata amakula tsiku lililonse kudya pafupifupi 4 mpaka 6 kg. Mitengo yambiri ya udzu imatha kuperekedwa kwa ng'ombe pokhapokha ngati msipu wa maola 12 mpaka 13.
15% yotsala ya nyama zomwe zimasungidwa ndi mbewu za muzu, chakudya chokhazikika komanso udzu wapamwamba kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse m'chilimwe siziyenera kupitirira 200 g.
Zodabwitsa za kudyetsa nkhosa m'nyengo yozizira zimasankhidwa ndikuti nyama zimasinthidwa kukagonera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti woweta aziweta khosalo yekha.
Chitsanzo cha menyu woyenera wa nyama panthawiyi ndi motere:
- nsipu - 4 kg pamutu uliwonse,
- masamba ndi masamba - 3 kg,
- silo 1-2 kg
- zophatikiza pamodzi - zosakwana 300 g.
Onetsetsani kuti mwakwaniritsa zakudya izi ndi mavalidwe apamwamba a mineral ndi vitamini.
Kudyetsa nkhosa ndi kuyamwa
Munthawi yakukhwima, mwanawankhosa amafunika kupereka chakudya chamagulu, popeza kuti mphamvu ndi michere sizimangothandiza kukhalabe ndi thupi, komanso kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Patsiku lililonse nyama yamtunduwu nthawi yozizira izikhala motere:
- nsipu - 1 makilogalamu (kaphatikizidwe kamaphatikizidwa ndi udzu wa chimanga - 0,5-0.7 makilogalamu ndi msipu wa nyemba zochulukirapo 250-300 g),
- udzu - 0,5 makilogalamu
- masamba ndi silage - osachepera 3 kg patsiku,
- ana - 300 g,
- mavalidwe apamwamba azitsulo - 15 g.
Yang'anani! M'nyengo yotentha, mwana wa mbewewe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za msipu waulere. Kuthira manyowa ndi kuchuluka kwa 300-400 g ndikofunikira kokha pakachulukitsa chiberekero ndi nkhosa, kunyamula ana awiri nthawi imodzi.
Zakudya za opanga nkhosa
Chisamaliro chofunikira ndichakudya cha nkhosa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira. Munthawi yopanda kukhwima, nyama imayenera kulandira magawo pafupifupi 1.4 a zakudya tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yakukhwima itakhala yoyenera kwa wopanga, chakudya chopatsa thanzi chimachulukitsidwa kukhala magawo ophatikiza a 2.4 patsiku, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya thupi. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwa amuna chimaperekedwa pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi asanachitike chiwerewere.
Kugawana kwabwino kwa nkhosa yamphongo kuli ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
- chakudya chophatikizidwa - kuchokera pa 40 mpaka 45%,
- roughage - kuchokera 35 mpaka 40%,
- masamba, silage ndi udzu - osapitirira 25%.
Kuphimba gawo lamagawo amkati, gwiritsani ntchito sod, chakudya ndi nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, voliyumu yawo yamasiku onse pamakina opanga ndi 0.8-1.2 kg.
Monga chovundikira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku mabatani a 3000 makilogalamu. Pakalibe udzu wokwanira, umaphatikizidwa ndi udzu kapena udzu. Straw imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lomaliza lokhala ndi vuto lathunthu la chakudya.
Kwa nthawi yakukhwima kwa ziweto, zimapereka chakudya chotere:
- udzu wosakaniza ndi mbewu za chimanga ndi nyemba - 2 kg,
- tart - pafupifupi 750-800 g,
- mpendadzuwa chakudya - 250 g,
- kaloti - 0,5 makilogalamu.
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchere wa 15 g. Komanso, monga kuvala pamwamba, 100 g ya nsomba ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe, 1 lita imodzi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zitsanzo zamagulu ampira
Kwa nkhosaZoyala zina, chakudya chachikulu ndi hay ndi udzu wobiriwira malo owetera zachilengedwe ndi owumba. Nkhosa bwino idyani udzu wochepa udzu kapena nyemba za nyemba. Msipu wocheperako wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 1/100 ya kulemera kwamoyo kwa nyama. Mpaka 2 kg ya udzu (oat, barele, mapira) imatha kuyambitsidwa muzakudya za nkhosa. Komabe, kudyetsa nkhosa ndi udzu umodzi popanda udzu sikokwanira, chifukwa pamenepa nkhosazo zimachepetsa kunenepa ndi zipatso.
Kuchokera pazakudya zabwino nkhosa zimakonda kudya mbatata, beets zam'madzi, kaloti, zakudya zamkati (dzungu, zukini, mavwende) ndi silage. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo makilogalamu awiri atatu a zokolola zazitali za nkhosa zazikulu ndi mpaka 1 kg ya ana azaka zapakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mbatata zimapatsidwa zosaphika kapena zophika 1-2 kg. Asanadye, mbewu za mizu ndi mavwende amaphwanyidwa.
Silo mu zakudya za coyotes imatha kukhala 2,5-3 makilogalamu, ndi kuyikapo yoyamwa - 3-4 makilogalamu. Kukonzanso nyama zazing'ono ndikokwanira 1.5-2 kg.
Kwa nkhosa, chakudya chambiri cha chimanga chambiri - ma ore, barele, chimanga - chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa chakudya mothandizidwa ndi ma feed, nandolo, vetch ndi nyemba zina, komanso keke ndi ufa kuti mugaye bwino mapuloteni.
Kudyetsa ana a nkhosa. Mulingo wa kudyetsa ndi kapangidwe kake ka chakudya cha chiberekero zimatengera mkhalidwe wawo wakuthupi (kuzunzika, nthawi yotsekeka, ndi zina zambiri).
Pafupifupi chakudya chamchiberekero zimaperekedwa pagome. 1.
Dyetsani | Wosakwatira ndi woyamba suugnosti | Hafu yachiwiri ya kusokonekera | Masabata oyamba 6-8 a mkaka wa m'mawere |
Chiberekero cha ubweya waubweya wokhala ndi nyama yolemera 60 makilogalamu. | |||
Udzu wa udzu, kg | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 |
Chikanga (barele, tirigu, kasupe), kg | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Kudyetsa nthambi, kg | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1,0 |
Beets, mbatata, makilogalamu | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,5 |
Zakudya zachakudya, kg | 1,5 | 1,5 | 1,5 |
Concentrate, kg | — | 0,25 | 0,35 |
Chiberekero cha miyala yosalala yokhala ndi kulemera kwamoyo 50 makilogalamu. | |||
Hay steppe forbs, kg | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,5 |
Chikanga cha tirigu, masika, kg | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Zinyalala za tirigu, kg | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,7 |
Beetroot chakudya, mbatata, kg | 1,0 | 1,0 | 2,0 |
Zakudya zachakudya, kg | — | 1,0 | 1,5 |
Mchere wa tebulo, g | 12 | 13 | 13 |
Pambuyo pa kuyamwa ana a nkhosa ndi kutha kwa nthawi yokhayo, chiberekero chiyenera kubwezeretsanso kunenepa panthawi yakulowetsedwa. Mpumulo uyenera kukhala osachepera miyezi 1.5-2. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi imeneyi, nkhosa zimayenera kulandira chakudya chobiriwira, chomwe chimakhudza kubadwa kambiri kwa nkhosa. Ndi udzu wabwino pabusa, kuvala pamwamba sikofunikira. Ngati msipu wokhala ndi masamba ochepa, ndiye kuti nkhosa zimafunikira kupatsidwa 300-500 g tsiku lililonse.
Kuyamwa kwa ana a nkhosa ndi kukonza kwa mfumukazi kuti zigwirizane ndi nthawi yayitali, mimbulu imadyetsedwa ndi udzu wabwino, kumanga, mbatata ndi mbewu ya muzu. Kudyetsa kuyenera kuonetsetsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa mfumukazi.
Kuchulukitsa kwa nkhosa zamphongo kumakhudza zonse zipatso za mfumukazi komanso tsogolo la anaankhosa.
Ndi kunenepa kochepa kwa chiberekero, mwana wosabadwayo amatha kusungunuka, ndipo anaankhosa akabadwa, amakhala ofooka, okhala ndi kulemera kochepa, amakula bwino ndipo pambuyo pake amapanga zipatso zochepa za ubweya.
Kupanga kwawo mkaka kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kudyetsa chiberekero nthawi yoyamwitsa, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukula ndi kukula kwa anaankhosa.
AT Zakudya za coyotes Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize roughage (hay) - 1.0-2.0 kg, yowutsa mudyo (beets, mbatata, silage, kaloti) - 2,5-3,8 kg ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito - 0,3-0,5 kg.
Chiberekero chimadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, m'mawa amapatsa udzu, chakudya chamasana - chakudya chamadzimadzi komanso chokhazikika, ndipo usiku - udzu ndi udzu.
M'miyezi yophukira swag nkhosa Ndikofunika kuti msipu udye pogwiritsa ntchito zotsalira ndi zotsalira. Ngati nkhosazo sizidya pabusa, ndiye kuti zimafunika kudyetsedwa, poganizira udzu ndi kunenepa. Nkhosa za shuga sizingadyetsedwe paudzu wokutidwa ndi ubweya - izi zimatha kuchotsa mimba.
Pa mkaka wa m`mawere, kufunika kwa chiberekero mu chakudya kumawonjezeka. Kukula kwakukulu, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa anaankhosa omwe amadyetsedwa pansi pa chiberekero, kunenepa kwake ndi kubereka.
Chiberekero cha ubweya waubweya ndi ubweya wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri makilogalamu 50 pamene kudyetsa mwanawankhosa mmodzi kumafunikira chakudya chamagetsi 1.5-1.9, ndi ana a nkhosa awiri 1.8-2.3 zakudya zamagulu amberekera, nkhosa zaubweya wa nkhosa, 1 6-2.0 ndi 2.1-2.6 chakudya, Romanov ambereketsa 1.4-1.7 ndi 1.7-2.1 chakudya, komanso ndi anaankhosa atatu - 2.1-2.3.
Munthawi ya khola nyengo yachisanu, zakudya za mfumukazi zoyamwitsa zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzakudya zofanana ndi zazakudya za nkhosa. Munthawi ya msipu, chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mimbulu yoyaka ndi udzu wobiriwira.
Nkhosa ndibwino kudyetsa ndi kutsogolo. Zikatere, mbusa m'modzi amapita kutsogolo ndikuletsa kuyendetsa kutsogolo kwa nkhosa zakutsogolo, ndipo winayo kumbuyo kwake amayendetsa nyama zotsala kumbuyo. Pakudya msipu wotere, nkhosazo zimatenga msipu wocheperako, popanda kusokonezana wina ndi mzake, zimadya bwino. Ndikosavuta kudyetsa nkhosa m'malo ovuta kwambiri m'mawa, kenako ndikusinthira zabwino.
Ndikofunika kuthamangitsa nkhosazi kupita kokadyetsa msanga (nthawi ya 6-6 m'ma). Masana, kuyambira maola 11 mpaka 12 mpaka 14 mpaka 15, nyama ziyenera kupuma, makamaka pakubwezeretsa - m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, dziwe loyenda. Kenako zimadyetsanso mpaka maola 21 mpaka 22.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza bwino kuthirira kwa nkhosa. Kuperewera kwa madzi kumaloledwa ndi nyama zolimba kwambiri kuposa kufa ndi njala. Pa kilogalamu iliyonse yazakumwa, nkhosayo imadya malita awiri amadzi.
Madzi tsiku lililonse amafunikira nkhosazi kutengera nyengo, chakudya, zaka, thupi, ndi zina. Akuluakulu amamwa malita atatu patsiku, komanso nyengo yotentha - mpaka malita 6. Nkhosa iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi katatu pachilimwe ndi nthawi 1-2 nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachilimwe, kufunika kwa madzi kukachepa.
Kutentha kwamadzi pakuthirira nkhosa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 8-10 ° C. Madzi ozizira kwambiri (kuthirira kwa dzinja kuchokera kumitsinje, mabowo a ayezi), nkhosa zomwe zimadya chipale chofewa kuti zithetse ludzu lawo zimatha kuyambitsa kuzizira.
Ndikwabwino kutunga madzi kuchitsime changa ndi chimbudzi kuti muthirire, mungagwiritsenso ntchito mitsinje, mayiwe oyenda ndi nyanja.
Kukula ndi kunenepa ana a nkhosa. Kuti mudyetse ana aang'ono muyenera kupatula msipu wabwino kwambiri. Komabe, msipu wokha, ngakhale msipu wabwino, sukwaniritsa zofunika zonse zathanzi za ana amakanda omwe amakula, chifukwa chake amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zina. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa ana ang'onoang'ono chisakanizo cha zakudya zamafuta (oats, chimanga, barele) ndi tirigu wamchere ndi mafuta.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zazing'ono zimayenera kulandira zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba. Kudyetsa koperewera sikuyenera kuloledwa, popeza kuchedwa kukukula ndi kukulira m'tsogolo sizingalipidwe. Zinyama zazing'ono zimayenera kupatsidwa makilogalamu 1,0-1,5 patsiku pamutu wa msipu wabwino, komanso mbewu za muzu ndikukhazikika.
Kudyetsa anaankhosa ndi malamulo odyetsa
Ana obadwa kumene mpaka miyezi 2,5 ya moyo amamwetsa mayi colostrum. Pokhapokha ngati chiberekero sichikugwirizana ndi ntchitoyi, anaankhosa amadyetsedwa pamanja kuchokera ku botolo ndi pacifier.
Makanda akafika zaka ziwiri, kudyetsa mkaka kumathandizidwanso ndi mavalidwe apamwamba amkati. Kuti muchite izi, m'malo ogulitsira omwe amasungidwa, ikani zodyetsa ndi choko, mchere ndi chakudya chamfupa.
Pafupifupi kuyambira msinkhu wa miyezi 2-2,5, nyambo imayambitsidwa muzakudya za anaankhosa, zomwe zimakhala ndi 50 g. Pang'onopang'ono, izi zimachulukitsa, pomwe zimathandizira kudyetsa ndi nyemba za nyemba.
Kuyambira miyezi 4, zakudya za ana zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe:
- masamba - 0,5 makilogalamu
- msipu - 0,5 makilogalamu
- Dyetsani nyama zazing'ono - 300 g,
- mpendadzuwa chakudya - pafupifupi 100-150 g.
Ngati mavalidwe apamwamba am'migodi, 4 g yamchere ndi 1 g yamafuta sulfure amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuyambira miyezi 10, mitengo yodyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku imaphatikizapo:
- haylage - 1.5 makilogalamu
- msipu - 0,5 makilogalamu
- tart - 150 g
- chakudya - 50 g.
Mavalidwe apamwamba ochepa amathandizanso pakudya.
Mizu
M'mundamo, mbewu za muzu zofesedwa ndi mabedi, zomwe zimamera mwachindunji kuti zidyetse nyama.
Chimbudzi cha nkhosa chimayendetsedwa bwino ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi ulusi wambiri (fiber):
- chikumbu,
- karoti,
- kugwiriridwa kwa nthawi yozizira,
- kugwiririra,
- radish mafuta
- mbatata,
- mpiru.
Beets ndi kaloti amapatsidwa mwatsopano. Mbatata za mbatata zimaphika, chifukwa zimatha kutulutsa. Nthawi zina nyama zimatha kukana mtundu uliwonse wazomera, pomwe zimakonza zosakaniza zamasamba kapena kuzisakaniza ndi chakudya cha chimanga.
Zomera zokhazokha ndizothandiza kwambiri poyamwa ndikukhomerera, ndinso kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Apatseni zidutswa zophwanyika pa 3-4 makilogalamu / tsiku pamutu.
Momwe mungapangire mafuta a nyama
Nkhosa zosankhidwa kuphedwa zimayatsidwa kunenepa kwa miyezi iwiri ndi iwiri, kuti nyama, ubweya, zikopa za nkhosa zizikhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Mumafunikira chakudya chochepa chodyetsa ana zazing'ono kuposa nyama zazikulu.
Mtengo wa nkhosa zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zonenepa ndizochepa kwambiri ngati zidyetsedwa pabusa lachilengedwe. Valuha amakula bwino. Ngati zakudya zawo zidapangidwa bwino, amatha kulemera popanda chakudya chapadera.
Vutoli likukulirakulira ndi chiberekero, pomwe anaankhosa adangosiyidwa. Monga lamulo, ali ndi mafuta ochepa. Afunika kudyetsedwa pang'ono - perekani zowonjezera 300-400 g za zinthu patsiku. Ngati mukudyetsa osati nyama zazing'ono, koma nkhosa zachikulire, ndiye kuti mutha kuwapatsa zakudya zophatikizika ndi mapuloteni ochepa, popeza kukula kwawo kumangotha ndipo kulemera kumawonjezeka makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
Ngati pazifukwa zina simungathe kudyetsa ziweto pamalo odyetsako, mutha kuzisiya m'khola, koma pamenepa nkhosazo zimafunikira kudyetsedwa kwambiri. Muyenera kupatsa roughage, beets osankhidwa, mbatata yophika, zakudya zina zokoma ndi kuzizira.
Kutalika kwa kunenepa kwa nkhosa yayitali kumatenga masiku 60. Ngati mukudya nyama zazing'ono, zochotsedwa m'chiberekero pakatha miyezi 3-4, kudyetsaku kumatenga masiku 90-120.
Ndikopindulitsa kwambiri kugulitsa ana ang'ono achimbudzi a nyama pomwe kulemera kwawo kotsika kufika 45 - 50 kg. Kenako, asanaphedwe, ayenera kudulidwa kuti apeze ubweya wofunika - makungwa. Ngati mukudya nkhosa za mtundu wa Romanov, ndiye kuti nyama zazing'ono zimaphedwa bwino miyezi 8-9, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kupeza chikopa cha nkhosa chopepuka komanso chaubweya kwa nkhosa.
Ku Russia, mitundu iwiri yodyetsa nkhosa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka: yowonda komanso yochepa.
Kudzidyetsa kwambiri ana a nkhosa kuyambira miyezi itatu, kuphatikiza pa msipu, zimapatsidwa chakudya chokwanira, udzu wosenda ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Izi kudyetsa nkhosa kumatenga miyezi iwiri. Ngati chakudya chidayendetsedwa bwino, nkhosazo zimalemera pafupifupi 200 - 250 g patsiku. Akakwanitsa miyezi isanu, nkhosazo zikafika polemera 40 kg, zimaphedwa.
Kudyetsa pang'ono kumapangidwira masiku 90 - 100, pomwe nkhosa zimangodya udzu wokhazokha. Ngati pali msipu wokwanira, pafupifupi kulemera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala 120-150 g. Kupha nyama kumachitika pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, pomwe unyinji wam nkhosa umafikira 40-255 kg.
Kudyetsa chakudya
Nthawi ya kunenepa kumaphatikizanso kusintha kwa zakudya. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere kulemera kwa nyamayi panthawi yochepa kwambiri, mutalandira nyama yambiri panthawi yophedwa.
Nthawi yanenepa imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pakadali pano, chiwopsezo cha nyama tsiku lililonse chimakhala ndi tanthauzo lake:
- silo - 4.5-5 kg
- masamba ndi mbewu ya muzu - osachepera 1 kg,
- msipu - 0,7 kg
- chakudya ndi nyama - pafupifupi 0,4-0.45 kg.
Mukameta nkhosa yankhosa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nyamayo ikukula ndi mafuta ochulukirapo. Komanso, kudyetsa kwamtunduwu kumathandizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito zamagulu a nkhosa. Kuphatikiza kokhako kumene kumapangitsa kuti nkhosa zamphongo ndi nyama zizikhala zolemera komanso kusintha nyama.
Pomaliza
Chifukwa chake, kudyetsedwa moyenera ndi chinsinsi cha kubala kwabwino komanso thanzi la nkhosa. Koma kulinganiza kudyetsa kotere ndikotheka kungotengera mbali zingapo zofunika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa nthawi ya chaka, komanso jenda, zaka komanso thupi la nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, pamaulendo onsewa, munthu amapereka zakudya ndi zakudya.
Momwe mungadyetsere nkhosa: zakudya, zomwe zimatengera
Udindo wofunikira umachitika ndi komwe gulu lankhosa limakhala, nyengo yachilengedwe yazoweta, komanso chisamaliro. Izi zimachokera munjira zotere kuti njira yanenepa imadalira. Kwenikweni, kuweta nkhosa kumakhala kofala ku Russia, Caucasus, Central Asia, Kazakhstan yokhala ndi msipu waukulu.
Pakudya msipu wochulukirapo, nyamazo zimadyanso nthawi yayitali. Pankhaniyi, kuwasamalira adzakhala ochepa, chifukwa zitsamba zatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya. Musaiwale kumwa gulu la nkhosa, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera ndi akasinja ka izi.
Nyengo zimathandizanso. Zabwino kwambiri ndi madera otentha komanso otentha. Nkhosa zokulira ndizotheka, zonse munthawi yotentha, komanso kuzizira, mwankhanza. Matalikidwe otentha amatha kukhala kuchokera ku + 40 ° C mpaka -40 ° C. Chifukwa chake, lero pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ingathe kulumikizana ndi mtunda uliwonse.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa gulu limodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini othandizira, udzu wobiriwira, udzu, ndiwo zamasamba, etc. Ndi mitundu iyi, nyamayo imalandira zonse zofunikira, mavitamini ndi macronutrients pakukula kwakukulu ndikulemera thupi.
Kudyetsa kowonjezerapo nkhosa ndi tirigu, udzu kapena masileji ndikofunikira pakakhala udzu wokwanira pabusa, komanso nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, zakudya zowonjezera mudyo (masamba ndi zipatso), komanso udzu watsopano, sizikupezeka konse, kotero zakudya za nyama ziyenera kupatsidwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Ntchito yosankhidwa yothandizirayi imathandiza kuti nkhosa zizikula, kubereka komanso kupereka ndalama kwa wochita bizinesiyo. Potengera izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chochuluka chokwanira cholembera momwe mungathere, komanso chakudya chokwanira kuti muchotsere bwino. Pali mitundu ingapo yazakudya, zakudya komanso zofunikira pakudyetsa nkhosa kunyumba.
Yoyenera ayenera kudyetsa nyama. Izi zimaganizira zomwe nkhosa zimadya, kutengera nyengo, msinkhu, ndi cholinga chakulera. Zakudya za nkhosa zimakhala pafupifupi zonse ndi zakudya zam'mera, chifukwa nyama izi ndi herbivores. Monga lamulo, gulu limakhala nthawi yayitali limadyera kumidzi ndikudya msipu, nthawi imeneyi nyama sizifunikira zowonjezera zina zowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza m'zakudya zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi kutukuka kwa achinyamata, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ziweto. Izi zimachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, kotero kuchuluka kwa zakudya zowonjezera ndizosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kubwera kwa dzinja, maziko azakudya azikhala msipu, ndipo nthawi yotentha - amadyera.
Ngati tiyerekeza zabwino za udzu wokhetsedwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu itatu yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe owuma momwe amapangira mavitamini ndi michere yambiri:
Ngati kukonza masitayilo, ndiye kuti hay ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chatsiku ndi tsiku kwa munthu wamkulu chimachokera ku 2 mpaka 4 makilogalamu, kotero mu chirimwe muyenera kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa udzu kuti mufure.
Kudalira chakudya pa nthawi ya chaka
Zakudya za nkhosa zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Alimi ayenera kusamala pakadyetsa ma-unulates nthawi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chofunikira pazinthu zina.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhosa sizikhala ndi mwayi wodya msipu wokha, chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kuthana ndi kaperekedwe ka zakudya zonse. Patsiku limodzi, nyama imodzi imafunikira makilogalamu 4 a udzu, silage yofanana, mbewu za mizu, magalamu 400 a chakudya cha nyama, zina zowonjezera mchere.
Kasupe
Kudyetsa nkhosa kuchilimwe kuli ngati chilimwe. Pakadyetsa nyengo yozizira, nyama zimayenera kusamutsidwira ku masamba, omwe masamba akuyamba kukula. Nthawi yomweyo, musasiye kudyetsa nkhosa zamphongo ndi udzu wopatsa thanzi.
Woimira m'modzi amafunika kuti azipereka chakudya chakuthengo pafupifupi 700 magalamu a chakudya.
Pazakudya zamalimwe, 85% yazodyetsa ndizobiriwira. Akazi amafunika magalamu 8000 a mafuta tsiku lililonse kunyamula ndi kuyamwitsa ana awo, pomwe nyama zotsalazo zimafunikira magalamu 7000. Kudyetsa nyama kwa maola 13 patsiku, mutha kuwapatsa chilichonse chomwe mumafunikira thupi. Zinyama zazing'ono mpaka miyezi 9 zakubadwa zimafuna magalamu 4,000 a msipu, nyama pamiyezi 12-16 miyezi 2 kg kuposa. Komanso nthawi yotentha, nkhosa zimayenera kupatsidwa mbewu ya muzu, udzu, kuzizira, zomwe zimayenera kukhala pafupifupi kilogalamu 0,2, ndi mchere.
Wagwa
Mu nthawi yophukira, msipu wa maluwa odyetserako pafupifupi madziwo umatha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulipiritsa kuchuluka kwakusowa kwazinthu zofunikira pobweretsa hay mu chakudya.
Woimira m'modzi patsiku amafunika ma kilogalamu atatu a msipu, ma kilogalamu 4 a mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa, zina zowonjezera.
Zakudya ndi zikhalidwe
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nyama tsiku lililonse kumayendetsedwa ndi msinkhu wawo, cholinga chake komanso nthawi yake pachaka, ndichifukwa chake mlimi ayenera kudya zakudya zoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, akazi apakati amafunika zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi.Nkhosa iyi imakakamizidwa kulandira hafu ya kilogalamu ya msipu wa phala, udzu womwewo, 0,3 kg wa udzu kuchokera ku nyemba. Wamkazi amafunikanso chakudya chamafuta, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zitsamba zobiriwira, masamba ndi mbewu ya muzu, patsiku la zopaka zaziwisi zomwe nyama imafunikira pafupifupi 3 kg. Komanso, musaiwale za mbewu zamagulu ndi chakudya cham'gulu mu magalamu 300 ndi 0,015 kg zowonjezera.
Chakudya chopatsa chidwi
Kuti musinthe zakudya, ndikofunikira kubzala clover ndi nyemba za msipu. Nkhosa zimakonda clover, tirigu, dandelion. M'nyengo yozizira, udzu umasinthidwa ndi silo.
Pakudyetsa, mumafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito masamba oundana, masamba, omwe amakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa nkhosa ndikuwongolera magayidwe am'mimba.
Patsani zakudya zomwe mukufuna:
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, kupatula kuti mbatata zophika. Masamba ndi masamba amizu ndimasungunuka ndikutulutsa musanayambe.
Uphungu!Ngati nyama inyalanyaza chilichonse, iperesere bwino momwe mungathere ndikuwonjezera ku msanganizo wamba wamasamba.
Kwa nkhosa zonenepa
Kuti wopanga nkhosa asataye mawonekedwe ofunikira, azitha kudya zinthu zokhala ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi fiber tsiku lililonse. Pakukhwima, nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse, chifukwa chaichi, chakudya chopatsa thanzi chiyenera kuwonjezeka katatu.
Pakatsala miyezi pafupifupi 1.5 asanakwane, nkhosa yamphongo imafunika kunenepa kwambiri kuti igwire ntchito bwino.
Zakudya za patsiku lokhathamiritsa ziyenera kukhala motere:
- hay - 2000 magalamu,
- zamkati kuchokera ku mbewu monga chimanga - 800 magalamu,
- ufa - 250 magalamu,
- kaloti wowonda - magalamu 500,
- mchere - 16 magalamu.
Pakukhwima, nkhosa zimayenera kuwonjezera mkaka wopanda mafuta pazakudya zawo, komanso magalamu 100 a nyama ndi chakudya chamafupa. Zakudya za nyama zomwe mukufuna kudyetsa nyama ziyenera kukhala zopatsa thanzi makamaka, chifukwa zimatha kuwonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa nkhosa. Ndikofunika kupanga zochuluka zopatsa mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa zochitika zake zolimbitsa thupi. Zochitika zoterezi zidzatsogolera ku phindu lambiri kwakanthawi kochepa.
Zosankha zamasiku 14 mpaka 14 tisanaphedwe zizikhala motere:
- 700 g yabwino hay
- 5000 g silage
- 1000 g masamba azomera
- 450 g yokhazikika, pamenepa mutha kugwiritsa ntchito barele, nandolo, chimanga.
Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti panthawiyi, nkhosa siziyenera kupatsidwa chakudya chamafuta kwambiri kuposa kale. Popeza kumapeto mutha kupeza mafuta ambiri ndi nyama yaying'ono.
Kwa ana obadwa kumene
Yaikazi imadyetsa anaankhosa yoyamba 2-2, miyezi isanu, motero, kapangidwe kake ndi mkaka umakhudza kwambiri kukula kwawo ndi ntchito yofunika. Nthawi yomwe chiberekero sichitha kudyetsa mwana, chimadyetsedwa ndi mkaka wamkaka wamkaka kapena kubzala ndi mkaka wina wamkaka. Anaankhosa amatenga ndalama kasanu patsiku komanso zazing'ono
Makanda akafika zaka ziwiri, amayamba kufuna mchere. Kuti izi zitheke, alimi ayenera kukhazikitsa ma feed ena, momwe choko, ufa wamfupa, amathiridwa. Kuyambira msinkhu womwewo, makanda amatha kuyamba kukhazikika. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, magalamu 50 a kutsimikiza kumakhala kokwanira. Tiyeneranso kutengapo gawo mukamayambitsa udzu kuchokera ku nyemba.
Anaankhosa kuyambira miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi ayenera kupereka izi:
- 0,3 kg wa chakudya,
- 0,15 kg wa keke
- 0,5 makilogalamu a masamba ndi mbewu za muzu,
- 4 magalamu amchere.
Kuyambira kuyambira wazaka 5, anaankhosa ang'ono ayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku. Kudyetsa ana aang'ono a miyezi 10 mpaka 10 kuyenera kuchitika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- 0,5 makilogalamu a udzu kuchokera ku mbewu monga chimanga ndi nyemba,
- 1,500 magalamu a hay
- Magalamu 150 a barele,
- 50 magalamu a ufa,
- 9 magalamu amchere.
Kuti thupi la mwanawankhosa lisamavutike ndi kusapezeka kwa sulufule, mlimi ayenera kuphatikiza zakudyazo. Galamu imodzi ya sulufule imakhala yokwanira kwa nyamayo kwa maola 24.
Zomwe sizingadyetsedwe?
Zakudya zoletsedwa nkhosa:
- udzu womera m'malo otentha, monga mabango, mahatchi,
- zomera wowawasa wamasamba opangidwa ndi sedge, chythorn,
- beets, chifukwa shuga wambiri amatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga,
- masamba, zipatso ndi mavwende pazidutswa zazikulu kapena zathunthu (mutha kupatsa zinthu izi mwadongosolo labwino),
- zinthu zophika mkate ndi zophika zazing ono za ana.
Kudyetsa dongosolo
Pali malamulo ena oweta nkhosa kunyumba. Yaikulu imatha kutchedwa chakudya cholondola cha anthu osapendawa. Kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika ndi zotsatirazi.
- Imafunika kudyetsa nkhosa nthawi yayitali katatu patsiku, nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, kutembenuza kwa nkhosa kumachepetsedwa.
- Zakudya zochepa zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuperekedwa usiku kuti pasakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopambanitsa kwa chakudya cham'mimba cha chinyama, komanso kulibe kupitirira ndi mphamvu musanagone.
- Musaiwale za kuperekedwa kwa nkhosa kwa ola limodzi ndi madzi akumwa oyera, komanso mwayi wopeza mwaulere m'mbale zomwe timamwa. Kutsirira achinyamata kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa akulu.
- Palibenso chifukwa chodyetsera ng'ombe ngati ili pabusa kwa maola opitilira 13 patsiku.
- Njoka ndi kubereka zazikazi ziyenera kusungidwa pamaso pa azidyetsa nthawi zonse.
Mwanawankhosa amatha kukhala wodziwika ndi mafuta okwanira ngati nyamayi yadzadza ndi barele. Ndemanga za alimi zikuwonetsa kuti nkhosa zokulirapo zimayenera kupatsidwa mafuta oats, ndipo chinangwa amayenera kuperekedwa kwa ana a nkhosa. Pea ndi ufa wa nyemba zimatha kudziwitsidwa ndi chakudya chama protein ambiri. Chofunikira chakudya cha nyama iyi chimakwaniritsidwa ndikudyetsa zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.
M'pofunika kudziwa kuti nkhosa ndi nyama yomwe imatha kudya zakudya zatsopano, komabe, zokolola, thupi ndi kulemera kwa nkhosa zimakhudzanso zakudyazo.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za kudyetsa nkhosa ndi nkhosa zamphongo mu kanema wotsatira.
Mikondo
Kwambiri, anaankhosa amakonda maungu ndi zukini, ndipo musataye mwayi wakudya. Mosiyana ndi zakudya zambiri zam'mera, zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Komabe, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kulima zukini mwachindunji kwa gulu la ng'ombe, koma kuwalowetsa pachakudyacho kumakulitsa kulemera kwa nyama, komanso kumathandizanso kuchuluka kwa mkaka wopangidwa mwa nkhosa zomwe wabereka.
Zakudya zozikika
Uwu ndiye chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri, koma ndizosatheka kuwapanga iwo kukhala chakudya cha nyama. Amapereka mphamvu zambiri, ali ndi mapuloteni, mafuta a masamba ndi wowuma, koma ali ndizofunikira zochepa. Concentrate iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi menyu yozizira.
Pali mitundu ingapo yazakudya zophatikizidwa:
- Chakudya chophatikiza - Ichi ndi chakudya chamafuta azonse. M'mapangidwe ake, michere yonse imakhala mulingo woyenera, komabe mulibe zinthu zonse zofunika.
Pogula, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana kwa omwe amadya mtunduwu. Pali zosakanikirana zapadziko lonse lapansi, koma pali zina zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunika za michere mu zochitika zina za moyo. Mwachitsanzo, zakudya za anaankhosa, nkhosa zamphongo, zazikazi zapakati kapena anthu omwe adatsala kuti amanenepe. - Ziphuphu - nandolo, lupins, nyemba, nyemba.
- Chikhalidwe - barele, tirigu ndi oats, komanso mbewu za chimanga.
- Keke ndi chakudya. Zimapezeka kuchokera ku soya, mpendadzuwa ndi chimanga.
- Nthambi. Oat okha ndi omwe ali oyenera.
Nkhosa imodzi imasowa pafupifupi 150 g pa tsiku, nkhosa yankhumba - 600 g.
Zowonjezera mchere
Mchere, chakudya chamfupa ndi choko ziyenera kukhala pazakudya za nkhosa. Mlingo wa zowonjezera amawerengedwa aliyense payekhapayekha, kutengera jenda, zaka, komanso mkhalidwe waumoyo. M'masitolo ogulitsa mutha kupeza nsabwe za mchere, zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi mchere ndi mavitamini.
Kuperewera kwa mchere m'thupi m'zinyama ndikosavuta kudziwa mwa zochita zawo. Amayamba kunyambita ndi manja a mwini, kwinaku akunyambita thukuta lamchere. Omwe abwera kumene kudyetsa nkhosa molakwika amalingalira izi ngati chiwonetsero cha chikondi ndi chikondi cha nyama kwa iye.
Kuperewera kwa mchere kumakhudza thanzi la nkhosa ndipo kumabweretsa kukula kwa ziweto zazing'ono, kuchepa zipatso, kuchepa kwa chilala ndi kupotoza kwake, kupweteketsa mtima ndi tsitsi.
Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa zinthu zina zamafuta:
- Ngati achikulire amathira nkhuni, ubweya, mafupa ndi mafupa, ndiye kuti izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa phosphorous ndi calcium m'thupi. Nyama zazing'ono zokhala ndi kuperewera kwa zinthuzi zimakula.
- Kuperewera kwa Magnesium kumasonyezedwa ndi kupangika kwa minofu kungodzipereka.
- Ndi kusowa kwa sodium kwa nkhosa, kumakhala kuchepa kwa chilimbikitso, ulesi, nyama zimanyambita zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
- Kuperewera kwa ayodini kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro.
- Cobalt akusowa - kufooka kwa nyama ndi kusokoneza chilakolako cha nyama.
- Chifukwa chosowa mkuwa, nkhosa zimadwala matenda otsegula m'mimba.
- Ndi kuchepa kwa zinc, eczema imawoneka pakhungu.
Komabe, kuvulaza thanzi kumayambitsidwa osati ndi kuchepa, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri mthupi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi fluoride wambiri mthupi, mano amakhala odukaduka ndi okhazikika.
Chifukwa chake, menyu yazankhosa iyenera kukhala yosiyanasiyana momwe mungathere. Oyimira nyemba amadziunjikira calcium zochulukirapo kambiri kuposa chimanga. Zomera zokhala ndi potaziyamu zambiri, koma osakwanira phosphorous ndi calcium. Nayo, chinangwa ili ndi phosphorous.
Chofunikira kwambiri pazinyama ndi calcium. Mafupa awo ndi 99% ophatikizidwa ndi chinthuchi. Magwero ake ndi nyama ndi fupa chakudya, mkaka, zobiriwira zambiri za nyemba. Kuyambira kuvala pamwamba pam mineral ndi ufa wa dolomite, choko.
5-15 g ya choko, dolomite kapena chakudya chamfupa patsiku zizigwera pamutu umodzi. Amawathira muma feed, omwe ayenera kupezeka mwaulere. Akuluakulu amapatsidwa 5-15 g / tsiku, nyama zazing'ono - 5-8 g, anaankhosa - 3-7 g.
Zowonjezera zanyama ndi regimen yakumwa
Zakudya zowonjezera zanyama - izi ndizakudya zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa nkhosa panthawi inayake ya moyo - mimba yaikazi ndi matingwe. Zosungirazo zimakhala ndi mazira, tchizi tchizi, mkaka, Whey.
Ponena za kumwa, madzi amayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, atsopano komanso pagulu la anthu. Munthawi yotentha amapereka madzi ozizira, nthawi yozizira - ofunda kulipirira kutentha kotsika yozungulira. Zoyamwa (zokhala ndi suyagny) ndi zazikazi zazikazi, nyama zazing'ono zimafuna madzi ambiri.
Kudyetsa ana akhanda ndi ana aang'ono
Zakudya za nyama zazing'ono zimatengera zaka zawo, zomwe zitha kugawidwa magawo atatu:
- Ana obadwa kumene. Amapezeka mkaka wa m'mawere kapena m'malo mwake. Ngati mwana ndi wamasiye pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti amadyetsedwa modabwitsa. Kusakaniza kwakonzedwa kuchokera:
- mkaka wa ng'ombe watenthetsedwa kufika 30 ° C,
- 2 mazira
- nsomba kapena mbuzi.
Kufikira masiku asanu, ana a nkhosa amadyetsedwa kuchokera ku nipples mpaka 5 pa tsiku, ndiye kuti amazolowera kudya pang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Mbadwo wachichepere umapatsidwa oat decoctions ndi oilcake ngati chovala chapamwamba. Athandizanso kuyamwitsa thupi ana a ana aakazi okhala ndi mavitamini:
- mankhwala azitsamba
- coniferous ufa - kutengera 1 makilogalamu a 500 g a zinthu,
- mbewu za barele, oats,
- mafuta a nsomba - 10-15 g.
Kuphatikiza pa zokometsera, amapatsidwanso magawo 50: kwa makanda a miyezi 1, 150 g / tsiku - mpaka ana a miyezi iwiri. Zinyama zazing'ono zimamwa madzi kanayi pa tsiku pazigawo zing'onozing'ono.
Zakudya za mwanawankhosa ndi nkhosa zoyamwitsa
Akazi ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri panthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere. Gome lotsatirali limapereka chakudya choyenera.
Cereal Hay 500 Nyemba Hay 500 Panga 500 Silo, yobiriwira yowutsa mudyo 3 000 Njere ndi Zowonda 300 Zowonjezera mchere 15 Masabata 4 asanabadwe, kuchuluka kwa udzu mu zakudya kumachepetsedwa ndikuwonjezeranso zakudya zina. Menyu yazikazi imasinthanso pambuyo pobadwa kwa anaankhosa. Tsiku lomwe adzafunika:
- nsipu - 1 makilogalamu
- chakudya chamafuta - 4 kg,
- limafikira 500 g.
Mbewu mu sabata yoyamba ndibwino kuti musapereke, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatseka bala. Zachikazi zimasungidwa panthawiyi mosiyana ndi ng'ombe ndi kudyetsedwa kokha ndi udzu ndi udzu.
Zakudya za opanga nkhosa zamphongo
Oimira awa amafunikira zakudya zabwino zopatsa thanzi chaka chonse. Miyezi iwiri isanakwane, kuchuluka kwake kumachulukitsidwa ndi 2. M'chilimwe, kuphatikiza pa udzu wokoma, zimakhazikika zimafunikira.
Tsiku lililonse, nkhosa yamphongo imafunikira:
- chakudya chokoma - osapitilira 3 kg
- udzu wapamwamba kwambiri - osaposa 2 kg,
- chakudya chophatikizidwa - 600 g.
Munthawi yakukhwima, chakudya chamwana chimasintha - gawo la chakudya chopanda mphamvu limachepa, chakudya chama protein chimayambitsidwa:
- nsipu - osapitirira 1.5 makilogalamu,
- keke ndi chinangwa - zosaposa 200 g,
- kaloti - 500 g
- tirigu imagwiritsa ntchito (chisakanizo cha nandolo, oashi ndi barele) - 1 makilogalamu,
- mazira a nkhuku - zidutswa ziwiri,
- nsomba nsomba - 100 g,
- mkaka - 800-1000 l,
- kanyumba tchizi - 200 g.
M'nyengo yozizira, opanga nkhosa amapatsidwa 2 kg ya hay (1 makilogalamu amatha kusinthidwa ndi udzu), imagwiritsa ntchito - 500 g osati oposa 4 makilogalamu a mazira a mbatata yophika.
Kudyetsa kuyenera kupereka thupi lonse la nkhosa yamphongo ndi michere yonse, koma chachikulu sikuti kuikhetsa. Nyama yonenepa imataya mawonekedwe ake ndikudwala.
Zakudya za nkhosa zonenepa
Anthu omwe amasankhidwa kuphedwa m'miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu amayamba kudyetsa kwambiri kuti nyama, ubweya ndi zikopa za nkhosa zizikhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, kudyetsa ana ochepa chakudya chofunikira kumafunikira kuposa kwa achikulire. Mutha kusunganso zodyetsa ngati mungadyetse ziweto pabusa. Ndikofunika kulemera msipu popanda kuwonjezera chakudya chamtengo wapatali wa nkhosa zamtengo wapatali.
Ngati mfumukazi zimatumizidwa kuti zikaphedwe, pomwe anaankhosa anakwatulidwanso, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chakudya - 300-400 g patsiku.
Pamene anthu onenepa akula, wamafuta omwe amakhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa amayambitsidwa, popeza kukula kwawo kwatha kale, ndipo kulemera kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha mafuta omwe amapezeka.
Ngati nkosatheka kudyetsa, nkhosazo zimasiyidwa m'khola ndipo zimadyetsedwa kwambiri ndi zakudya zotsatirazi:
- wamwano
- owutsa mudyo
- kachikumbu
- mbatata yophika
- amaganiza.
Ndi chakudya chamagulu, chakudya chimaperekedwa katatu patsiku. Masana, zakudya zimayenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madzulo.
Kutalika Kwa Nkhosa:
- Akuluakulu amadyetsedwa masiku 60,
- nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimachotsedwa mu chiberekero pakatha miyezi 3-4, zimafunikanso kudyetsedwa nthawi yayitali - masiku 90-120.
Kodi zoletsedwa kudyetsa nkhosa ndi chiyani?
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasokoneza thanzi la nkhosa ndipo zimatha kupha:
- Mkate. Palibe chifukwa musapatse achinyamata kukula.
- Masamba onse. Taboo imakhudza masamba onse, imaphwanyidwa isanadyetsedwe ndi nyama.
- Mitundu ina ya udzu ndi marsh. Kanani msipu wa nkhosa. Awa ndi nthenga za udzu, komanso imodzi yomwe imakhala ndi burdock ndi minga ina. Komanso kwa nkhosa udzu wonse womata, udzu kuchokera ku mbewu zouma - ma sedge, nkhalango ndi udzu wowuma - mabango, malo ogulitsa mahatchi, ndizovulaza.
Kodi chakudya cha nkhosa chimakhala ndi chiyani
Monga mukudziwa, nkhosa ndi herbivores, kotero zakudya zawo zimakhala makamaka zakudya zam'mera. Kuphatikiza apo, alandila zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira pakukula ndi chitukuko choyenera cha anthu.
Zowonjezera sizingokhala zochokera kumera zokha. Nthawi zambiri, kuti akwaniritse zolinga zina, nkhosa zimadyetsedwa zoweta zazinyama, zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zakusitolo.
Zakudya za nkhosazi zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda mbewu
Chofunikira ndichakudya chochuluka, popeza nkhosa zimayenera kukhala ndi magwero ambiri azakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zinthu monga thanzi, kulemera, kunenepa komanso kufewa kwa chovalacho, kuchuluka kwa ana a nkhosa obadwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Mukufuna kuyambitsa bizinesi yoweta nkhosa? Werengani nkhani yathu ndikupeza komwe ungayambirepo famu, kodi phindu la ulimi wa nkhosa ndi lotani. Kusanthula kwamsika ndi udindo wamakampani. Momwe mungapangire dongosolo la bizinesi? Bungwe ndi malonda ake gawo lopanga bizinesi yoweta nkhosa.
Tiyeni tidziwe mbali iliyonse ya mndandanda wamawonekedwe a ma curnt wambiri mwatsatanetsatane.
Bungwe lolamulira
Dyetsani nyama zosasungidwa mwaulere, katatu m'malo osungirako, ndikuyika chakudya pamalo wamba odyetsa. Komabe, chakudya chawo chabwino chimaseweredwa ndi mpweya wabwino, chifukwa chake ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kuwapatsa chakudya mumsewu.
Nsipu ndi udzu wodula umayikidwa modyeramo ziweto. Pazowunikira komanso zosakaniza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yotsekedwa. Masamba ndi masamba amizu amazidula mutizidutswa tating'ono musanatumikire.
Asanamwe, nyama zimalandira zakudya zabwino, zitatha kumwa - zokhazikika. Hay amaperekedwa m'mawa, masana - amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chopatsa thanzi, madzulo amadyetsa udzu ndi udzu.
Ndemanga za nkhosa
Mlimi aliyense waluso wapanga njira yake yodyetsera nkhosa, yomwe yakhala yopangidwa zaka zambiri komanso kuyesera.
Nkhosa zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zosasamala kwambiri. Komabe, alimi ayenera kulinganiza maboma oyenera ndikupanga chakudya chokwanira cha nkhosa zawo, ndiye kuti sangasiye eni ake popanda mkaka, nyama, ubweya.
Silage
Kudyetsa zowonjezera kumalimbana ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za nkhosa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa kutayika kwambiri kwa kulemera kwamphamvu panthawi yakudya yopanda kuyamwa mwa olemela ndi ana omwe ali ndi pakati.
Ngati kulera nkhosa kudapangidwa kuti apange nyama, muyenera kuwerengera moyenera mtundu wa zakudyazo komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zowonjezera mapuloteni, zomwe zimakhala ndi chimanga chodyetsa, udzu wachinyamata, ndi nyemba.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa nkhosazi ndi ma silage. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwachinyama. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito silage ya chimanga ndi nyemba ndi roughage. M'mapangidwe ake, samapereka udzu. Pafupifupi 4 kg yazakudya zoterezi zimatha kuperekedwa kwa nyamayo patsiku.
Chakudya chophatikiza
Zakudya zophatikiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri nyama ikaiphera. Mu mtundu uwu wa zakudya zowonjezera pali chilichonse chofunikira kuti munthu akule msanga komanso kuti thupi lanu lizikula. Kuchulukana kwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku kumasiyana, kutengera zaka za nyama.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu wamkulu, azikhala 0,5 makilogalamu, ndipo kwa mwanawankhosa - 0,4 kg. Mukamasankha chakudya choterocho, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kwa wopanga, popeza mtundu wa chakudya umadalira izi.
Zamasamba: kaloti, mbatata, beets zam'madzi, gourds ndi zipatso
Zothandiza kwambiri komanso zolemera mavitamini, CHIKWANGWANI, micronutrients ndi zakudya zina zophatikiza ndi masamba, zipatso ndi mavwende. Pankhaniyi, beets zam'madzi, mbatata ndi kaloti wamba ndizabwino.
Zamasambazi zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza nyama kukana matenda komanso kugaya chakudya bwino. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 4 kg. Kuphatikiza pa ndiwo zamasamba, ma gourds - dzungu ndi zukini ndizopezeka ndizofunikira. Nthawi zonse kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 4 kg. Mwa zipatso zodyetsa nyama, maapulo wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka.
Chikhalidwe
Mu mbewu za chimanga (tirigu) fiber yambiri. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera gawo la nkhosa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mukulumikiza ndi zakudya zowonjezera izi, chimbudzi mu nyama chitha kuperewera. Barele, oats, tirigu - mbewu zazikulu, zogwiritsa ntchito zomwe ndizofunikira.
Mavitamini owonjezera
Ndizotheka kulemeretsa thupi la nkhosa zamphongo ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso mavitamini osati mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera, komanso kuwonjezera ma vitamini othandizira, mwachitsanzo Vitasol. Mlingo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku uyenera kuwerengedwa molondola kwa aliyense payekha, kutengera zaka komanso jenda.
Kusamalira nkhosazi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuthirira. Popanda madzi okwanira, nyamayo imangodwala ndipo pamapeto pake singapindule. Kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kokwanira nthawi zonse. Munthu m'modzi patsiku amatha kumwa mpaka malita 10 a madzi.
Msipu: Chakudya chobiriwira
Udzu wobiriwira, udzu, minga, mphukira zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nkhosa - iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yosakira bajeti. Malo odyetserako ziweto amayenera kusankhidwa molondola, chifukwa mu chaka chonse msipu udzu sufanana. Mwachitsanzo, ndikwabwino kuyendetsa gululo kumadera okwera chifukwa, ngati mungasankhe malo otsika, sikoyenera kudyetsa chifukwa cha chinyezi.
Mutha kubzala zakudya zobiriwira, nyemba, chimanga, nyemba kapena tirigu wozizira. Zakudya zotsekemera zoterezi zimasangalatsa nyama. Nthambi, mitengo zachinyamata komanso mitengo ndiyabwino kwambiri nyama.
Akuyerekeza zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku
Zomwe zimapangidwa pakudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ziweto, mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kwa munthu aliyense payekhapayekha, muyenera kuganizira payekhapayokha kuchuluka kwa madzi, chakudya cha nyama ndi zinthu zina zomwe mumadya. M'nyengo yozizira, masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, zakudya zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zimaphatikizidwa ndi chakudya cha ng'ombe.
Kuchuluka kwawo kudzakhala kosiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana kutengera munthu payekha. Ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane kuwerengera koyenera kwa zakudya zowonjezera patsiku, ndiye kuti kwa nkhosa yamphongo, kuweta nkhosa ndi nkhosa pambuyo pobereka, zimawoneka ngati izi.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse patebulopo:
Mwanawankhosa wamtundu Swan nkhosa Nkhosa pambuyo pa kubereka Zowongolera - 300 g Zowongolera - 600 g Zowongolera - 600 g Grass ndi amadyera - 85% ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku Udzu ndi masamba - 85% Udzu ndi masamba - 85% Hay - 2 kg Udzu wapamwamba kwambiri - 0,5 makilogalamu Hay - 1.5 kg Zakudya zamadzimadzi - 3 kg Zakudya zamadzimadzi - 3 kg Zakudya zamadzimadzi - 3 makilogalamu Mitundu yonse ya nyama zitatu imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, popeza kuti kuphatikiza molakwika njira zomwe zimadyetsedwazo zimasokoneza ubweya wa nkhosa zomwe zimabereka komanso nkhosa pakubala mwana wamphongo ndikubala pakubala. Ponena za ana a nkhosa, nyama zazing'ono ndi anthu omwe amadyetsedwa nyama, chakudya chawo chimakhalanso chosiyana.
Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi ana a nkhosa amkaka. Nthawi zambiri, kudyetsa kumachitika kuchokera m'mabotolo. Chiwerengero chodyetsa anaankhosa mpaka masabata awiri osakwana 5 pa tsiku, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zimachepetsedwa mpaka katatu patsiku. Anthu onenepa nyama ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino komanso mokwanira.
Tebulo likuwonetsa chitsanzo chololeza kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kukulira nyumba:
Anaankhosa Kukula kwachinyamata Kuthira nyama Yang'anirani - 50 g Yang'anirani - 100 g Yang'anirani - 300 g Zamasamba —0,5 kg Zamasamba - 0,7 kg Zamasamba - 1 kg g Mchere - 4 g Mchere - 8 g Mchere - 8 g Hay - 0,5 makilogalamu Hay - 0,7 kg Hay - 0,8 kg Bungwe la nkhosa zonenepa kwambiri
Kunenepa kwa nkhosayo kuyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Pakauma kaye, mtundu wa msipu sapereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira chazomwe nyama zimalemera. Njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira cholinga chopanga nkhosa kudzera mu zowonjezera zowonjezera ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa nyama kuti muwone ngati kudyetsa zowonjezera ndikokwanira.
M'busa
Pakusamalira nkhosa pabusa, ndikofunikira kuzidyetsa, makamaka nthawi yomwe udzu umachepa. Musaiwale za kupezeka kwa madzi kosalekeza. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chakudya chamagulu ambiri okhala ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapezeka mu nandolo, barele ndi chimanga, mothandizidwa ndi nyamayo imalemera msanga. Zamasamba, mphukira ndi nthambi za mitengo ndizofunikiranso kuperekabe pafupipafupi.
M'khola
Ngati nthawi yachisanu idafika, ng'ombe zimakhalabe mokhazikika ndi kusungidwa. Kudyetsa mikhalidwe yotere ndikosavuta kuposa msipu.
Ndikofunikira kugawa moyenera komanso liti, kuti nyamayo ilandire phindu lalikulu.
Zophatikiza zophatikizika, ma silage ndi zina zomwe mungapangire pakadali pano zitha kuperekedwa pazotsatirazi komanso motere:
- hay m'mawa
- hay, imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri masana,
- msuzi wophatikiza ndi zakudya zokoma pa 4 p.m.
- hay ndi kuganizira madzulo.
Kuwona zakudya zoyenera ndi kuchuluka kwake, mutha kukonzekera munthu wamkulu kuti aphe m'masiku 5, ndikuwonjezera phindu lochulukirapo.
Zosakaniza Zosakanikirana
Pakudyetsa, keke, chinangwa, tirigu, barele ndi nyemba zimagwiritsidwa ntchitoyodziwika bwino ndi mafuta komanso mapuloteni ammasamba. Zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera pazakudya zazikulu, chifukwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wowonjezereka, womwe suthandiza pa chuma.
Nkhosa zimakondanso kudya chimanga, koma protein yambiri m'mipanda yake iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi keke ya mpendadzuwa kapena nyemba.
Kodi kudyetsa nkhosa m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe?
Kubwera kwa masika ndi chilimwe, nkhosa zimasinthira kudya kwaulere.Amadyetsa ana a udzu wamafuta akuluakulu, omwe amadutsa msipu wonse. Pakusintha kwa chakudya chonyowa mpaka chonyowa, ndikofunikira kupatsa nyama 1 makilogalamu a udzu pamutu kuti mutetedwe.
Pa kukula kwabwino, ndikofunikira kuti udzu upange 85% ya zakudya zonse. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimatha kupezeka ndi msipu wa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa maola 12 mpaka 13. Kupuma kokhako kumapangidwa ndi mizu. Olozetsa amapereka 200 magalamu pa munthu aliyense. Mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere wowonjezera.
Nthawi yozizira imatanthawuza kukonza kukonza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyamayo imalandira zakudya zokhazo zomwe zimadyetsa tsiku lililonse kuchokera kwa wodyetsa. Chifukwa chake, woweta ayenera kuwerengera bwino chakudya kuti chikhala chokwanira kutengera zosowa.
Menyu yachisanu:
Dzinalo Kuchuluka kwa munthu mmodzi (kg) Ha 4 Silage 1,5-2 Masamba, masamba 3 Chakudya chophatikiza 0,3 Chakudyacho chimathandizidwa ndi mchere komanso zinthu zina zamchere.
Zosakaniza zingapo zopatsa thanzi nthawi yachisanu zimathandizira kupanga kuchepa kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
Zofunika!Chakudya chizikhala chamtengo wapamwamba, ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chovunda ndi nkhungu, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazolinga zawo.
Kudyetsa nkhosa zamphongo
Zakudya zamagulu oweta amafunika kusintha mwapadera. Munthawi yakukhwima, nyama imayenera kulandira magawo awiri a chakudya cha 2.4, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawiyi kumawonjezeka.
M'nthawi yonseyi, kudya tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya cha 1.4. mayunitsi Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuperekedwa miyezi 1.5 musanakhazikitsidwe.
Kugawa zakudya m'thupi la nkhosa:
Dzinalo Kusintha mu% Kuzindikira 40-45 Zinthu zoyipa 35-40 Zosakaniza zamadzi zosakwana 25 Gawo lowonjezera la limagwirira limapangidwa ndi zinthu monga chakudya, mafuta, ndi chakudya. Ndipo monga zigawo zophatikiza, udzu ndi ufa wobiriwira umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Uphungu!Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito udzu pokonzekera kukhwima, popeza ilibe phindu lililonse m'thupi.
Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse nkhosa yamphongo panthawi yokonzekera:
- nsipu (nyemba, phala) - 2 kg,
- tart - 0,7-0.8 kg,
- kaloti - 0,5 makilogalamu
- mpendadzuwa chakudya - 0,25 kg.
Chakudya chimathandizidwa ndi kuphatikiza tsiku ndi tsiku ga 15 g mchere, 1 l mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi makilogalamu 0,1 a nsomba munthawi yogwira.
Kudyetsa ana aang'ono ndi ana a nkhosa
Pambuyo pobadwa, nyama zazing'ono zimalandira zakudya zonse ndi mkaka wa amayi awo. Amakhala okwanira mpaka miyezi 2.5. Kenako, chakudyacho chikuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina za mchere zofunika kuchita bwino kwathunthu.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyika zowonjezera m'malo ogulitsira, odzazidwa ndi choko, mchere, chakudya chamfupa.
Kuyambira kuyambira miyezi 2-2.5. ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera kuchokera kuzama 50 g patsiku, kenako ndikuwonjezerapo ndi msipu wa nyemba.
Mndandanda wa anaankhosa kuyambira miyezi 4:
- chonyowa zigawo - 0,4 kg
- msipu - 0,5 makilogalamu
- chakudya chonse - 0,3 kg,
- chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 0,1-0.15 kg.
Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zimapangidwa ndi mchere - 4 g ndi ufa wa sulfure - 1 g.
Mndandanda wachinyamata kuyambira miyezi 10:
- haylage - 1.5-1.8 kg
- tart - 0,15 kg,
- msipu - 0,5 makilogalamu
- ufa - 0,05 kg.
Monga kuphatikiza ndi mchere wothandiza, mchere ndi ufa wa sulfure umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mulingo womwewo.
Zomwe sizingadyetsedwe
Tikamakula, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sizigawo zonse zomwe zimagwira mtundu wamtunduwu. Pali zolephera zina zomwe zikuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisayambitse kugaya chakudya.
Zinthu zomwe sizoyenera kudyedwa:
- shuga beet (imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga),
- chimanga chokhala ndi asidi wambiri komanso wapamwamba wa asidi (chythorn, sedge),
- udzu wochokera kumadambo (matope, mabango),
- buledi watsopano ndi zinthu za ufa.
Komanso ndizoletsedwa kubweretsa ziweto kubusa mvula ikagwa mpaka chinyontho chitauluka. Mitengo yonse yamizu iyenera kuphwanyidwa zidutswa zazing'ono.
Udzu wobiriwira
Nkhosa imadyedwa kwambiri pabusa ikasiyidwa yokha tsiku lonse. Chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka pansi pa ziboda zimadyedwa:
Nthawi zina nkhosa zanjala zimathanso kuzolowera kudya minga ndi maudzu. Palibe vuto kwa iwo, zitsamba izi ndizothandizanso, monga dambo labwino, kotero musaletse ziweto zanu kudya udzu.
Udzu wobiriwira m'chilimwe umaposa 85% yazakudya zonse za nkhosa
Pewani udzu womira ndi mame. Kuchokera ku chakudya chotere, chomwe chimakhala chokoma, koma chovulaza kwa nkhosa, kutuluka kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika ndipo thandizo la veterinary lidzafunika.
Sikoyenera kubweretsa nkhosa kubusa mvula ikagwa, chifukwa chakudya chamadyedwe chonyowa chidzakhala chofanana ndi mame. Matendawa amatchedwa tympanum. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimayendedwa mosavuta ndi nkhosazi zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nkhosa, ndikupanga mpweya wambiri mumalowo.
Zomera zothiriridwa ndi mame kapena mvula yam'madzi zitha kubweretsa mphukira za nkhosa ndikufa mwadzidzidzi
Ngati tympania sangathe kuchira mu nthawi, nyamayo imatha kufa mwadzidzidzi.
Mukamasankha msipu wa ziweto zanu, phunzirani mosamala mbali zodyetsa, monga pakati pazomera zothandiza, zovulaza zitha kupezekanso, monga:
Samalani ndipo musalole kuti nkhosa zizidulira m'munda, pafupi ndi maluwa. Maluwa ena omwe amakula pamwamba pawo amathanso kukhala owopsa kwa ziweto. Mwachitsanzo, kakombo wokongola wa m'chigwacho, wosangalatsa m'maso pachaka, atha kupangitsa kuti mayadi aphedwe.
Duwa lamtunda ndi duwa lapoizoni, musalole kuti lizidyedwa ndi magulu anu
Dera lomwe msipu womwe udadyetserako suyenera kukhala wouma kapena wowuma kwambiri. Dambo kapena dambo loyenera ndilabwino, chifukwa pamenepa nkhosazo zimatha kudya osati udzu watsopano, komanso mphukira yamitengo yaying'ono, nthambi. Izi zowonjezerazi zithandiza nkhosazo, popeza chakudya komanso mphamvu zake panthambi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa udzu wamba. Kuzidya, nkhosazo zimatenga chovala chonyezimira komanso chokulirapo, komanso zimalemera. Ndiye chifukwa chake, ngati mlimiyo alibe mwayi woweta nkhosalo m'nkhalango, ziunjikireni okha popanda masamba. Zina za dimba ndi mitengo yamtchire ndi tchire, monga:
Nkhosa imasangalala ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo ya maapulo
Peak wa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta obiriwira wobiriwira kumakhala ndendende mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, ndiye amayamba kutaya mtengo wake wachilendo. Chifukwa chake, munthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kudyetsa kowonjezereka kwa magulu.
Mitengo yamitundu yotchuka ya crushers, chakudya odulira, odulira udzu
Silo imayikidwa mu matumba omalizidwa kapena m'maenje, pambuyo pake misayo imakokedwa ndi mafinya ndikukutidwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene.
Kuti mukwaniritse tsiku lililonse nkhosa imodzi pazakudya zomwe zimapezeka mu silo, muyenera kumudyetsa osachepera ma kilogalamu atatu kapena anayi patsiku. Zidakwaniritsidwa kuti nthawi yozizira, pafupifupi masentimita 7 a silage azikonzekera mutu uliwonse.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti nkhosa zimasowa mchere
Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimakhala kuti chilibe mchere ndi mchere wina muzakudya ndicho kunyambita kwa manja ndi mapazi a mwiniyo ndi nyama. Musaganize, nkhosa sizinapangire chikondi chosayembekezereka kwa inu. Amangonyambita thukuta lamchere kuchokera mthupi lanu, lomwe limatulutsidwa mukatentha.
Mineral mu chakudya cha nkhosa
Kudyetsa mitengo kutengera ndi nyengo, msinkhu komanso ubweya wa nkhosa
Tsopano popeza muli ndi lingaliro lazomwe mungadyetse nkhosa, tiyeni tiwunikire kukukambirana ndi kuchuluka kwa menyu. Mukamvetsetsa kuchokera pamutu wa ndima, momwe amadyera zimadalira motengera izi:
Timatembenukira kumakambirano atsatanetsatane a menyu munthawi yamndandanda uliwonse.
Nthawi yamasika
Nthawi ya masika pankhani yodyetsa imakhala yaulere ngati chilimwe. Kuchokera pachakudya chosavuta yozizira, ng'ombeyo imasinthidwa kukhala masamba amitundu, omwe amadutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhani ya hay yopatsa thanzi kwa nkhosa ikupitilirabe pofuna kupewa mavuto azakudya chifukwa chobwerera mwachangu ku msipu wobiriwira.
Mu nthawi yamasika, nkhosa zimabweza msipu.
Pamutu umodzi kasupe masana, chowonjezera chowonjezera sichinaposa magalamu 700 a chakudya chophatikizidwa, komanso mchere ngati mchere wina.
Nthawi yachilimwe
M'chilimwe, zabwino za chakudya chobiriwira zabwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse zimafika 80-85%. Nkhosa yodyetsa ndi yoweta ndiyofunika makilogalamu 8-9 a mafuta kuti magwiridwe antchito oyendetsera thupi, ma kilogalamu 7 a nkhosa zosagwirizana ndi nkhosa zomwe sizili ndi pakati.
Kuti mupeze udzu wokwanira, tumizani nkhosa kuti zizidyetsa m'nkhalango zobiriwira bwino ndipo muzizisunga nthawi yonse momwe mungafunire. Mutha kupanga chidziwitso chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati mungayang'anire nkhosazo kwa maola opitilira 13 tsiku limodzi.
Kutembenuza kwa abusa kumatha kuchepetsedwa pakukula msipu.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti, kudya mafuta aulere komanso athanzi odzala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika, nkhosa sizifunikira kuchuluka kowonjezera kwazakudya. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu zamagetsi ndikusunga zambiri.
Ana aankhosa amadya wobiriwira, kutengera msinkhu wa munthu. Chifukwa chake wazaka 4 mpaka 9 zakubadwa amafunika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 4, kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka 1.5 - 6 kilogalamu. Zina zili muzu mbewu, udzu ndipo limakhazikika. Zotsalazo zimaperekedwa mu kuchuluka kwa magalamu 200. Chakudyacho chimathandizidwa ndi mchere.
Nthawi yophukira
M'dzinja, chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha msipu chimatsikira pafupifupi zero, pomwe zimayamba nthawi yowuma. Zinthu zaphindu zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku zitsamba zimalipidwa ndi kuyambitsa msipu wambiri mu chakudya. Kwa nkhosa imodzi patsiku, imakhala ndi ma kilogalamu atatu, komanso ma kilogalamu 4 a mbewu zomwe amazipanga ndi mavwende palimodzi, kuphatikiza michere yazowonjezera.
Mukugwa, udzu wambiri umayambitsidwa mu chakudya cha nkhosa
Nyengo yachisanu
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhosa zimaletsedwa kudzidyetsa msipu, chifukwa inu panokha muyenera kuwapatsa chakudya. Zakudya zoyenerana ndi nyengo yozizira zimayimiriridwa ndi ma kilogalamu anayi a msipu, kuchuluka kwa silage, mbewu za mizu ndi mavwende, chakudya chamagulu, tsiku lililonse lomwe ndi 300-400 magalamu ndi zowonjezera zam'madzi.
Nthawi yodyetsa, nkhosazo zimadya udzu wambiri
Kudyetsa ana obadwa kumene
Pambuyo pobadwa, kwa masiku asanu, anaankhosa amadya mkaka wa amayi. Ngati nkhosayo idwala ndikakana kudyetsa mwana wake wakhanda, mutha kudyetsa m'njira zotsatirazi:
- wobzala mu mkaka wina,
- mkaka wamadzi wamkaka
- kudyetsa ndi zosakaniza zopanga.
Muzoyamwa mukadyetsa ana anu nokha, mudzafunika ndi mwana wamwamuna, komwe muyenera kudyetsa mwanawankhosa mkaka kapena zosakaniza pafupifupi kasanu patsiku.
Mayiyo atasiya mwanawankhosa, muyenera kudyetsa nokha
Pofika zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, kudyetsa kumachepetsedwa kawiri patsiku. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe kusintha pang'onopang'ono kumamwa kwa ana a nkhosa kuchokera ku mbale kumayambira.
Kuyambitsa chakudya cha ana a nkhosa owonjezera kudya
Kuyambira mwezi woyamba kubadwa, makanda amaphunzitsidwa kudya zakudya zolimba, kuphatikiza pakumwa mkaka. Choyamba, chakudya chokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, nyemba, chimaphatikizidwa muzakudya. Tsiku lililonse m'mwezi woyamba kuchuluka kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 50, pomatha miyezi inayi kuchuluka kwake kumafika 300 g.
Pamodzi ndi kudyetsa mkaka, muyenera kuyamba kuphunzitsa ana kudya chakudya cholimba
Onetsetsani kuti mwayambitsa udzu wazakudya, monga kumamwa bwino kwambiri.
Pofika miyezi isanu, anaankhosa amuchotsa mkaka wonse. Zosankha zachitsanzo ndi izi:
Mu kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu 0,5 makilogalamu, ndiwo zamasamba ndi haylage zimaperekedwa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi 300 g. Hafu ya chakudya ndi keke yodyetsa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezera mchere ndi pafupifupi magalamu anayi.
Pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chakudya chikuwonjezeka. Hay amaperekedwa kwa 0, 5 enanso ndipo kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera mchere kumachulukitsidwa.
Anaankhosa owawa amasiya kudyetsa mkaka mochedwa
Tiyenera kunena kuti kudyetsa ana a nkhosa osadwala ndi mkaka sayenera kusokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi komanso molawirira, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi lawo. Monga lamulo, ana omwe sanamwe mkaka wa amayi panthawi yobadwa pambuyo pakubala, popeza chiberekero chinakana kuwatenga. Chifukwa china chakubadwa kwa anthu ofooka chitha kukhala vuto lochepera kapena lodziwikiratu la amayi, kudyetsa osayenera kapena kusamalira nkhosa.
Kudyetsa Nkhosa
Kuti mukwaniritse kulemera kwakukulu kwa nkhosa yophedwa, zinthu zotsatirazi zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Choyamba, amamupatsa 800 magalamu a udzu wopatsa thanzi kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, clover kapena nyemba. Zimatengera kupeza mbiri ya ma kilogalamu 5 a silage, kilogalamu imodzi ya ndiwo zamasamba ndi magalamu 500 a zakudya zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri monga nandolo, chimanga kapena barele.
Mwana wa ng'ombe wophedwa akuyamba milungu ingapo tsiku loti aphedwe
Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa nkhosa, zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zikaphedwe, komabe, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kukukulira.
Nthawi zina kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya china mumenyu aanthu kumawerengeredwa kutengera mtundu. Pali mitundu yayikulu komanso yaying'ono, yokhala ndi tsitsi loonda komanso lowonda kapena locheperako. Zosakaniza zomwe zimafunikira mtundu wina ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimadyetsa ena onse. Mfundoyi iyeneranso kukumbukiridwa, mwina musanasankhe mbuzi za mtundu wina.
Kudyetsa nkhosa mwadongosolo kumathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wa kudyetsa - popeza zakudya zambiri za nkhosazi zimalandiridwa ndi msipu. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wotere. Nthawi zina kuyenda kumakonzedwa ndi cholembera. Momwe mungachite bwino, werengani m'nkhani yathu.
Zakudya zoyenera
Pali malamulo omwe amathandizira kuti nyama izitha kugwira bwino ntchito monga chakudya. Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse.
- Kudyetsa nkhosa kumachitika katatu patsiku nthawi yayitali, nthawi yomweyo, kuti muchepetse chakudya cha nkhosa.
- Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimaperekedwa madzulo, kuti zisagwiritse ntchito kugaya chakudya cha nyama, komanso kuti zisachulukitse mphamvu musanagone.
Pezani nkhosa yanu zakudya zabwino komanso kubwezerani zabwino
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