Anzeru, kapena anyani osamvana, amakhala kumapeto a mapiri a Tunisia, Algeria ndi Morocco, mpaka pamtunda wamamita 2,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Gulu losiyanitsa la anyaniwa limakhala m'matanthwe a Gibraltar. M'mapiri, amatsenga nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matanthwe, m'nthambi zazing'ono, spruce ndi nkhalango za oak. Nyani za Magota ndi nyama yapagulu. Amasungidwa nthawi zonse, gulu la anthu 10-30. Pali malo ena omveka pakati pa amuna akuluakulu. Kuti achepetse kupsa mtima, abambo amagwiritsa ntchito ana. Mwamuna wina akafuna kubwera kwa wina, amatenga kamwanako kwa mkaziyo, kenako amuna awiri amasaka mkanjo wake. Gawo la gulu limodzi limafalikira pamtunda wamakilomita angapo. Madera angapo azitsamba angadutse pang'ono. Maungu amagona usiku pama nthambi zamitengo kapena pamiyala. Masana, amasuntha pang'onopang'ono pamalo awo kufunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri kuposa anyani ena, maagoti amasuntha miyendo inayi, ndipo amawuka miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kokha akafuna kuyang'ana chilichonse chozungulira.
Kufalitsa
Monga anyamatawa ambiri, anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo amasankhidwa ndi ufulu womwewo. Wamphongo amathandiza wamkazi kusamalira ana. Izi zimathandizira kulimbitsa ubale pakati pa amuna ndi ana awo ndi amuna akuluakulu, zomwe sizimawonedwa mu macaques ena. M'busa momwe mayi wamkazi wokwatirana ndi amuna angapo, sizophweka kudziwa kuti bambo ake enieni ndi ndani. Amuna achikulire amayamba kusamalira ana masiku ochepa atabadwa. Amawanyamula m manja, amawateteza ku kuzizira, amasamalira ubweya wawo ndikusewera nawo. Nthawi zambiri, amapereka ana kwa akazi pokhapokha ngati ana ali ndi njala. Pamene abambo akuwonetsa khandalo kwa abambo otsala kuchokera pagululo, onse pamodzi amafufuza ndikutulutsa chikhoto cha mwanayo. Makanda am'maso opaka utoto mosiyanasiyana kuposa anyani akuluakulu - ali ndi ubweya wakuda komanso nkhope yabwino. Pangoyambira kutha msinkhu, ali ndi zaka 4-5, amatsenga amakhala ndi maolivi ofiira.
MAGOT NDI MUNA
Kunja kwa Africa, ku Gibraltar, kuli gulu limodzi la amatsenga. Mwinanso awa ndiwo mabwinja aanthu omwe amakhala kudera lonse la Europe ku Quaternary, kapena mbadwa za anyani zomwe zabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku North Africa. Nkhani ya amatsenga a Giblthar ndiwosangalatsa. Kuyambira 1704, Gibraltar yakhala ikuyang'aniridwa ndi Great Britain. Kuyambira 1855, a Ma Hypbolthar Magoth anaperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi Navy ya dziko lino. Wantchito woikidwa mwapadera amayang'ana moyo wawo. Nyani sizitetezedwa zokha, zimathandizidwanso komanso kudyetsedwa. Mu 1858, gulu la anyani adagwidwa ndi mliri, omwe adaphedwa omwe anali pafupifupi nyama zonse. Ndi anthu atatu okha omwe adapulumuka. Bwanamkubwa wa Gibraltar adalamula kuti akhazikitse anyani atsopano ochokera ku Africa. Kwa nthawi yachiwiri, anthu a ku Magot ku Gibraltar adadzazidwa pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse mothandizidwa ndi a Magot omwe amakhala ku Africa.
ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZOSANGALALA MUKUDZIWA KUTI.
- Mu 1763, a Count von Schlieffen adabweretsa gulu la amatsenga kuchokera ku Africa kupita naye ku malo ake a Wildhausen ndikuwayika mnyumba yayikulu. Nyama zinakhala komweko zaka 20, ndipo imodzi mwa izo idalumidwa ndi galu wouma. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda a chiwewe, panafunika kuwononga gulu lonse la ziweto. Amawerengera anali achisoni kwambiri, popeza adataya zokonda zake, chifukwa chake, monga chizindikiro cha chisoni chachikulu, adalamula kuti mwala wamanda ayikidwe pamanda a nyani 60.
- Ku Giblartar, matsenga amatetezedwa, ndipo zochulukazo zimabwezedwanso chifukwa cha anthu aku Africa.
NKHANI ZOSAVUTA ZA MAGOT. KULAMBIRA
Khalidwe: Uwu ndi gulu la macaques wamba. Magotas amasungidwa mu ziweto 10-30, amakondana kwambiri komanso amakondana. Amuna angapo amathandizira polera amayi achichepere.
Torso: wamphamvu, wamkulu. Mchira wakusowa.
Mutu: wozungulira. Khosi ndi mphuno ndi zazifupi.
Ubweya: maolivi ofiira, osowa pamimba.
Miyendo ya kumbuyo: wamfupi kuposa kutsogolo. Magoti amathamanga pamiyendo inayi. Imakwera m'miyendo yakumbuyo kumangoyang'ana uku ndi uku.
- Magot malo okhala
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Anyani amphongo, kapena matsenga, amakhala ku Tunisia, Moroko ndi Algeria. Amapezekanso ku Gibraltar.
KULIMA
Pakadali pano, a Magot alipo pafupifupi 23,000 nyama. Chiwerengero cha amatsenga chikucheperachepera chifukwa chowonongera malo omwe amakhala.
Kalulu
Magot ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya anyani omwe ali a banja la nyani, mtundu wa macaque. Awa ndi macaque okha omwe sakhala ku Asia, koma amagawidwa m'mapiri a Atlas ku Morocco ndi Algeria, komanso m'mapaki adziko la Libya, komanso m'chigawo cha Gibraltar. Ku Europe, mphutsi ndi mtundu wokhawo wa anyani, kupatula munthu.
Kufotokozera kwa Magot
Amagoti achimuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi. Thupi lawo m'litali limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 72, kulemera kwakukulu pafupifupi 15 makilogalamu. Kutalika kwa akazi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 56, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu sikupitirira 10 kg. Phokoso la anyaniwo ndi lakuda. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Mchirawo ndiwotupa, 4-20 mm kutalika. Chovalachi chimapakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana kuyambira imvi mpaka tan. Tint yofiyira pang'ono ikhoza kukhalapo.
Zolemba pa magot zakudya
Magoti amadya kumera komanso tizilombo. Zomera, nyama imadya maluwa, zipatso, mbewu, masamba, makungwa, zimayambira, mizu, mababu. Zakudya za nyama zimaphatikizapo nyongolotsi, nkhono, akangaude, zinkhanira, kafadala, agulugufe, nyerere, njenjete. Kudya makungwa pamitengo, mphutsi nthawi zambiri kumaziwonongera.
Kufalikira Kwa Magoth
Ma Magoth amakhala kumapiri a Atlas (ku Morocco, Algeria ndi Tunisia), ndipo dera lina limakhala pathanthwe la Gibraltar. M'mapiri, mitundu ya anyaniyi imagawidwa pamalo okwera pafupifupi 2300 metres pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -10 ° C.
Kwa moyo, amatsenga makamaka amasankha nkhalango za paini, mkungudza ndi mtengo wa oak, komwe amatha kupeza zipatso, mizu yotsekeka, chimanga, masamba, mphukira, mbewu za conifers ndi tizilombo tosadya.
Magot Phunziro
Magot, kapena nyani wosakhazikika, amakhala kumapiri ndi kumapiri m'chigawo cha Tunisia, Algeria ndi Morocco, pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamitala 2,000 kumtunda kwa nyanja. Chigawo china cha miyala ku Gibraltar. M'mapiri, amatsenga amasankha mayendedwe amoyo, kapena mitengo ya mkungudza, spruce ndi nkhalango za oak.
Zambiri ndi nyama zapagulu. Amapanga ng'ombe zosakhalitsa, kuyambira pa anthu 10 mpaka 100, amuna ndi akazi. Gulu limodzi la magotas nthawi zambiri limakhala pamtunda wa makilomita angapo, koma ziwembu za anthu oyandikana nazo zitha kudutsa. Pakati pa amuna akuluakulu, utsogoleri wodziwika bwino umawonedwa mwa iwo. Amuna amachepetsa kuukirana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito ana awo. Mwamuna wina akafuna kuyandikira wina, amatenga mwana wamwamuna, ndipo onse aamuna amayamba kusaka ubweya wake limodzi. Omaliza m'magulu awa ndi akazi. Ndi omwe amadzisankhira amuna okha, makamaka pa iwo omwe amatanganidwa ndi ana amphongo ndikuwonetsa machitidwe abwino aubwino. Amuna, panjira, amalolera mwakufuna kulera ana achilendo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi "chiweto" chosankhidwa pakati pa ma macaques ang'onoang'ono. Amayeretsa, kusangalatsa komanso kuwonetsana.
Usiku, amatsenga amapuma pakati pa nthambi za mitengo kapena pamiyala. Masana, ma macaque amayenda pang'onopang'ono kudera lawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira miyendo inayi, ndipo amawuka miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti azitha kuyang'ana mozungulira.
Kuswana kwa magoti
Pa nyengo yakukhwima, akazi amasankha amphongo, ndipo omwe amawathandiza kusamalira ana. Izi zimalimbitsa ubale pakati pa amuna ndi ana awo, ndi amuna ena achikulire, omwe mwakutero sakhala wamba ma macaques. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amuna ambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi abambo enieni.
Nthawi ya kubereka kwa Magot imayamba mu Novembala ndipo imatha mpaka Marichi. Mimba imapitirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake mwana m'modzi amabadwa. Mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga pafupifupi chaka.
Amuna akuluakulu amasamalira ana masiku angapo pambuyo pobadwa. Amanyamula ana m'manja, amawateteza ku kuzizira, amasamalira ubweya ndikuwononga nthawi pamasewera. Kwa akazi, monga lamulo, ana amapatsidwa ana okha pakudya. Abambo akuwonetserana ana awo ndi kusamalira ubweya wa makanda pamodzi. Amphongo achichepere ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina, ali ndi malaya akuda ndi nkhope zoyenera. Amatsenga achichepere amafikira kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 3-4, ndipo inali panthawiyi pomwe adakhala mtundu wa azitona.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wamatsenga ndi zaka 22. Mwa akazi, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 30, koma amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka zochepa kuposa 25.
Adani achilengedwe a Magoti
M'mapiri a ku Africa, kuchuluka kwa maginthi ndikochulukirapo, koma ku Gibraltar adawopsezedwa kuti atha pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi. Panalinso nyama zakutchire pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri, koma zidachitidwa kuti zisitetezedwe, zidapanga malo achitetezo ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinthu zidayamba kuyenda bwino.
Kugulitsa kosaloledwa, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuchepa kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe kumakhudza anthu osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi am'deralo amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati tizirombo, motero amawafafaniza.
Tsopano kumpoto kwa Africa kuli amatsenga pafupifupi 15,000. Pali nyani pafupifupi 230 zomwe zatsalira ku Gibraltar.
Zambiri Zosangalatsa Zokhudza magoti:
- A Magoti akuwonetsedwa pandalama 5 ya Gibraltar. Kumbali ina ya ndalama iyi kuli chifanizo cha Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.
- Pali nthano ku Gibraltar kuti ngakhale imodzi itangotsala pamiyala, mzindawu udzakhala wa Britain. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyambira zaka za zana la 19, amatsenga a Hybolthar akhazikitsidwa movomerezeka ndi Gulu Lankhondo la Britain. Okhala ku UK anena chikhulupiliro ichi: "Titchinjiriza anyani kufikira munthu womaliza Wachingelezi." Ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pomwe anthu adachepetsedwa kukhala anthu 7, Prime Minister wa Great Britain, Churchill, adalamula kuti zibwezere chiwerengero chawo nthawi yomweyo ndi matsenga a nkhalango ochokera ku Morocco ndi Algeria. Palinso lingaliro kuti popeza Strait of Gibraltar ili kokha 14 km mtunda wochepetsetsa, oyambira awa amatha kudutsa kuchokera ku Africa ndikubwerera ku Morocco kudutsa mobisa komwe kumayambira ku Cave ya St. Michael ndikudutsa pamtunda. Nthano iyi, panjira, ikufotokozeranso mawonekedwe a macaques pamiyala iyi mwambiri.
Habitat
Magoti, nyani wa Barbary, Barbary kapena Maghreb macaque (Macaca sylvanus) - onsewa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe zoyambirira za Europe. Ma macaques a barary ndiofala m'mapiri a Atlas kudera la Morocco, Algeria ndi Tunisia, komanso pathanthwe la Gibraltar. Foss of the Magoths amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe, ndipo asayansi amati mapu a Gibraltari ndi omwe atsala kale, ochulukirapo ku Europe. Komabe, ndizotheka kuti ma Macaque a Barbary amabweretsedwa ku Gibraltar ndi Afoinike kapena Aroma.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa mbewa izi kumafika masentimita 75-80, kulemera - kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 kg. Miyendo yawo ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, koma nthawi yomweyo yamphamvu komanso yopanda pake - sizodabwitsa kuti amatsenga amakwera mitengo ndi miyala mwangwiro. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiirira, ndipo amatha kukwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 2300 metres pamwamba pa nyanja ndikupirira matalala mpaka −10 ° C.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Khalidwe
Live Maghreb macaques (mwa njira, iyi ndi mtundu wokhawo wopanda zingwe pakati pa ma macaques) wamagulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka mu mitengo ya paini, mkungudza komanso mitengo yamiyala, komanso pamiyala. Amadyetsa zipatso, nthangala, chimanga, masamba, mphukira ndi mbewu za conifers, ndipo amadya nyama: nyama (dzombe, kafadala, agulugufe) ndi mphutsi zake, ma invertebrates ena (mphutsi, zinkhanira, ma mollusks), mitundu ingapo yaing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, amatsenga amawombera mbewu zachikhalidwe.
Chiwerengero
M'mapiri a ku Africa, zidutswa zakalezi zidakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, pomwe ku Gibraltar nyamazo zidawopsezedwa kuti zidzatha mkatikati mwa zaka za makumi awiri, pamene amphawi pafupifupi awiri okha adatsalira. Mwamwayi, njira zomwe zidachitika munthawi yake zidawakhudza ambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwamakono Maghreb macaques Nditetezedwa ndi boma la Britain, popeza malinga ndi nthano, pomwe anyaniwa amakhala kuno, Gibraltar adzakhalabe aku Britain. Ndalama zomwe amapatsidwa zimapatsidwa kwa iwo, ndipo munthu wapadera nthawi ndi nthawi amabweretsa mkate ndi zipatso kwa Amagi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa macaques kuchepetsedwa pazifukwa zina, nyani watsopano amabwera kuchokera ku North Africa.