Khwangwala samangaba zonse zomwe zimasilira. Sangokhala zonyansa, zopusa zokha. Osangokhala (ngakhale nthano) amatha kugwetsa tchizi zomwe zidakwera mtengo motsutsana ndi maziko a zigonjetso kutsogolo kwa nkhandwe yochenjera. M'malo mwake, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri!

Nthawi zambiri, m'mizinda ndi m'midzi yaku Russia, akhwangwala samapezeka: kumenyedwa, chamanyazi, kupwetekedwa. Koma pazonsezi, akhwangwala ndi amodzi mwa mbalame ophunzira kwambiri, anzeru.
Ndipo amayesa kusinthitsa menyu wawo momwe angathere.

Khwangwala ndi a gulu la Corpus. Awa ndi banja lofala kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 120 ya mbalame. Kuphatikizapo khwangwala.

Iwo omwe akhala akuwonera akhwangwala kwa nthawi yayitali amadziwa momwe aliri anzeru. Koma osati amateurs okha omwe amawonera karkush. Asayansi adawaphunzira kwambiri ndipo adazindikira kuti zolengedwa izi zimatha kuphunzira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina kuti moyo wawo ukhale wosavuta.

Mwachitsanzo, tikulankhula za timitengo tating'onoting'ono kutulutsa nsikidzi pachitsamba cha mtengo. Mbalamezi zimakonza zochita zawo, momwe zimakhalira ndikutsata ntchito zomwe akatswiri amafufuza bwino.

Khwangwala ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi mtundu (onse wakuda). Koma pali ena omwe ali ndi ziweto zomwe ndimayamwa. Makungu akumenya nkhondo, mbalame zamphamvu. Ali ndi miyendo yamphamvu komanso mlomo.

Ndani ndipo amadya chiyani?

Mbalamezi ndi zolengedwa zopanda nzeru kotero kuti zimatha kuyendayenda pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chingagwere. Zachidziwikire kuti sangadye, titi, nyama yang'ombe, koma njira yamagayidwe a akhwangwala inayamba kusinthika kwambiri ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Asayansi akuyerekezera kuti akhwangwala amadya mitundu yoposa 600 ya zakudya.

Sindikudziwa ngati akangaude angatchedwe chakudya cha anthu, koma kangaude ndi chinthu wamba. Khwangwala amasangalala ndi mbalame zakutchire ndi mazira awo, osadutsa zisa za mbalame zina, kugwira nyama zazing'ono, zokwawa, abuluzi, amphibians. Mitundu ina imadyera timadontho, nkhono, ndi mphutsi.

Komanso, akhwangwala samasamala kudya tizilombo: ziwala, nsikidzi, dzombe, cori. Chilichonse chidzachita.

Makoko ndi anthu akuluakulu a Yabloko. Sizikudziwika kuti zimakhudzana bwanji ndi zida zamagetsi kuchokera ku Apple, koma apulo wamba kwa iwo ndi chithandizo. Samasamala kudya mphesa, nyemba, nandolo, yamatcheri, chimanga ndi zipatso zamtchire.

Amalemekeza kwambiri mbewu za tirigu, barele, buckwheat. Komanso mbewu za maungu ndi squash, squash. Amadya zipatso za cranberries, juniper, nightshade ndi zipatso zozizira.

Khwangwala, monga zolengedwa zilizonse zosinthika, samasankha chakudya. Carrion? Kulekeranji! Zoyipa? Zabwino nazonso. Amazungulira mwakachetechete zinyalala zochokera ku nyama ndi malo ophera nyama, akudya zotsalira za zopangira nyama.

Nthawi yomweyo, sakonda kudya zouma. Scavenger amadziwa kuti izi sizoyenera kugaya. Chifukwa chake, akhwangwala amamwa kwambiri ndikumwa madzi mofunitsitsa. Alibe ngakhale malamulo a mawonekedwe abwino: ngakhale titadya rye 'thumba, koma liyenera kutsukidwa, loyera. Pofunafuna ukhondo, mbalamezi zimanyowetsa chakudya m'madzi, ngati kuti zikutsuka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa.

M'mizinda yayikulu mulibe malo ophera anthu, monga lamulo, ndipo zochulukitsa pamtunda zili kunja kwa nyumba zazikulu. Komabe, mu megalopolis, akhwangwala sakhala opanda chakudya: amakwera ma bisiketi mosangalatsa, amatumphuka mozungulira maenje. Amatha kuba chakudya m'matebulo omwe amapezeka nthawi yachilimwe.

Ma Rams amakhala olusa kwambiri ndipo amamvetsetsa kuti ngati lero nyenyezi zakuthambo zidapangidwa kotero kuti chakudya chadzaza, ndiye mawa zonse zitha kusintha. Chifukwa chake, iwo amapanga "dzira la chisa", kubisala zomwe simulomo wawo sizikulowanso, kuti pambuyo pake akazipeza ndi kuzidya.

Chakudya cham'mawa ndi khwangwala

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za akhwangwala ngati apeza chakudya zimakhala m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nthawi yonseyi sakhala okhumudwa 'kuwononga Vanka', ndiye kuti, sayenera kuchita chilichonse chothandiza pa chakudya ndi moyo wawo. Parasitism.

Komabe, ambiri owona ndi maso amakamba nthano za nkhanza zomwe akhwangwala amachita masana. Palinso milandu ya gulu lomwe likuukira anthu. Koma awa ndi ena omwe kale ali "achisanu". Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukali wawo ukhale wosakwaniritsidwa. Koma, ngati sangasokoneze ndikusakhudza anapiye awo, mwayi womwe akhwangwala angakumane nawo ndi ochepa.

Monga zolengedwa zosinthika kwambiri, akhwangwala amasintha menyu popanda zovuta kutengera nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wawo waukulu wacakudya ndi zinyalala za tirigu, ndipo zikafunda, amasangalala kugwira nyongolotsi ndi nyama zazing'ono zopanda nyama.

Popeza khwangwala amadyetsa mwachangu mbewu, zofunda ndi tizirombo tina tambiri zachilengedwe, mpaka pamlingo wina zimapindulitsa alimi ndi alimi wamba, zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zoipa.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti ma scavengers awa ndi anzeru kwambiri akafuna kuwononga nati. Amawaponyera pamisewu yayikulu, magudumu a magalimoto amawononga zipolopolo zawo ndi akhwangwala pamenepo - makoko akumanja.

Ndipo mwadala amaponyera mabolodi pamiyala kuti aphwanye mwadala zipolopolo zolimba kenako kuti azitha kupeza zinthu zopatsa thanzi.

Asayansi amati akhwangwala ndiwosaka zakudya zabwino, pogwiritsa ntchito luso laukazitape. Ndiye kuti, mbalame yakale imasakidwa kotero kuti imatsogolera khwangwala ku chisa chake ndi anapiye. Ndipo simudzasilira anapiye.

Khwangwala amakhalanso magulu abisika, cholinga chake ndikusokoneza, kusokoneza nyama, ndikumakakamiza zilombo kuti zichoke pagululi. Ndipo gulu lina la akhwangwala ali apo pomwe: akuba chakudya kuchokera pansi pa mphuno za adani. Akatswiri oyenera akhwangwala awa!

Ngati nthawi yozizira muziwatsanulira madzi abwino - chifukwa akhwangwala awa angakuthandizeni kwambiri. Ponena za chakudya, mtedza, mabala a soseji ndi nyama, tchizi yokazinga ndi mkate - zonse zidzakhala zabwino kwa iwo.

Ngati mukufuna kwambiri kudyetsa khwangwala ndi kuwaitanira chakudya m'njira ina yapadera, mbalame zanzeru izi posachedwa zimayamba kukudziwani ndikuuluka ku liwu lanu. Mukangolira mofuula, ndipo akhwangwala anu ali pamenepo.

Manja kudyetsa sizigwira ntchito, amakonda kudya pansi. Chifukwa chake sankhani malo momasuka, ndi kuwaza chakudya pansi, ndipo akhwangwala adzawonekera.

Ngati mumakonda chovala chocheperako ndipo mukufuna kuchichitira, ndiye pitani chakudya chamafuta, chomwe kale chinali chamadzi. Osati louma! Simungathe kuvutitsa konse ndikuwadyetsa zinyalala kuchokera patebulo lanu, komabe, yokazinga ndi zotsekemera kwa iwo sizabwino. Iwo - khwangwala - amakhalanso ndi zakudya zawo! Kodi mwamva dzino lokoma? Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ovulaza.

Izi ndi mbalame zosangalatsa - akhwangwala wamba. Galimoto!

Kukumbukira kukumbukira mbalame

Kukumbukira mbalame kumakhala kwapadera. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe zimatha kubisa pafupifupi chikwi cha mbewu pamalo amtunda wama kilomita mazana angapo, kenako ndikupeza zoposa 90% za izo. Monga akatswiri asayansi akuwonetsa, gawo lina la ubongo wawo limapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi.

Ma parroto ophunzitsidwa bwino amamvetsetsa chilankhulo cha anthu ndipo amadziwa kutchula mawu amodzi.

Kutengeka kwa mbalame

Monga anthu, mbalame zimatha kuwonetsa zakukhosi. Malinga ndi asayansi, thupi la avian lili ndi zonse zomwe mungafune pa izi. Mbalame zimakhala ndi miyendo yolumikizana - gawo laubongo lomwe limayendetsa mtima, ndipo kupatula mbalame, ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa zokha. Mwini aliyense wa mbalame amatha kudziwa ngati ziweto zawo ndizosangalala kapena zili ndi mantha. Asayansi pakali pano akufufuza kuti adziwe momwe mbalame zimawonera komanso momwe amathandizira machitidwe awo.

Anthu enanso amathanso kumva zosiyanasiyana.

Lachisanu mu Luntha - Falcon

Luso la malingaliro abodza silikupangitsani kukayika nokha. Inde, kuyambira nthawi zakale, anthu asinthana ndi zabodza kuti aziwathandiza kusaka. Palinso masewera ngati falconry. Oimira mbalamezi amakhala bwino ndi anthu ndipo amawongolera. Koma, mbalame imodzi imatha kulumikizana ndi munthu m'modzi yekhaamene amamulemekeza ndi kumumvera. Anthu ena, phokoso losakhazikika limapewedwa ndi munthu. Mwina mbalameyo imawonetseranso udani kwa alendo.

Komanso, pakumva phokoso lakuthwa kapena kuwona kayendedwe kabwinoko, mbalameyo imatha kuchita mantha ndikuwona mawonekedwe ake ngati owopsa. Zotsatira zake, imayamba kuchita zamtopola, motero kudziteteza ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Pa maphunziro, ma falcons amatha kuchita zanzeru zambiri ndi maukadaulo kuti athandizidwe. Koma, amatha kuwonetsa khalidwe, kukana kuthandiza munthu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwaphunzitsa mothandizidwa ndi munthu wodziwa zambiri.

Mkaka

M'miyambo yambiri, khwangwala amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru, ndipo, monga kafukufuku wamakono, izi ndizopambana. Poyesa kwaposachedwa, asayansi a Oxford anakhazikitsa gulu la akhwangwala ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Kuti tifike chakudyacho, mbalamezo zinafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zitatu mosalekeza. 4 akhwangwala anayi mwa asanu ndi awiri adapirira ntchitoyi poyesa koyamba. Poyeserera, ochita kafukufuku adawona kuti mbalamezo zimayang'ana momwe zidakhazikikidwazo, kenako ndikupanga mndandanda wazinthu ndipo pamapeto pake adatengedwa kuti athetse vutoli.

Khwangwala amatha kutsanzira kalankhulidwe ka anthu, kuthetsa ntchito zoyambira, ndipo amakumbukiranso zochitika ndi nkhope zawo bwino. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe akunja akhwangwala ndi omwe makamaka amachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri zaubongo.

Malo Wachinayi - Turkeys

Turkeys, ndikutembenuka, amakhala ndi luntha kwambiri. Maluso awo amalingaliro amapambana chibadwa. Ngakhale kuoneka koseketsa pang'ono, mbalamezi zimatha kupeza njira yotuluka munthawi zosiyanasiyana, zimapanga chisankho mwachangu komanso mwadala. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse amatha kudziwa momwe angapezere zipatso zokoma kuchokera ku tchire kapena mitengo. Munthu aliyense woyimira fuko sapeza yekha chakudya, koma ndi malo osungirako, kuti abale ake, omwe amam'pezanso chakudya, akhale okwanira.

Mbalamezi sizimenyera nkhondo chakudya chokha, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri. Sadzadya zakudya zoyipa chifukwa cha chakudya, choncho sangathe kulolera matenda. Zatsimikizidwanso mobwerezabwereza kuti ma turkeys amatha kukumbukira ndikuzindikira ambuye awo. Nthawi yomweyo, sakukhulupirira anthu ena.

Owl - malo achitatu

Owl wa mayiko ambiri ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru ndi chidziwitso. Mbalameyi imawoneka yowopsa kwambiri ndikuphunzira. Mutu wake umatha kutembenuka pafupifupi madigiri 270, ndipo maso ake akulu ozungulira amawona zonse zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira. Owls ndiwanzeru kwambiri komanso ochenjera, makamaka pazinthu zokhudzana ndi kusaka ndikusodza.

Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimasungidwa m'nyumba ngati ziweto. Amadziwa kuzindikira anthu, amatha kuzolowera munthu, ndipo amatha kuphunzitsidwa bwino.

Jaco Parrot - malo achiwiri munzeru

Paro wa Jaco sanafike pa utsogoleriwo pang'ono. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu yonse ya ziphalaphala imasiyanitsidwa ndi luso la malingaliro. Ndi Jacquot yemwe ndi wanzeru kwambiri pakati pa abale ake onse. Mbalame zazikuru izi, osati zokongola kwambiri zimatha kuchita zambiri, ngati iwonso akufuna. Oimira amtunduwo amatha kukumbukira mawu ambiri ndikuzindikira tanthauzo lake.

Amatha kulumikizana ndi anthu, popanga ziganizo zovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuloweza ndikumveka mawu opangidwa ndi nyama zina (meow, barking, barking ndi ena). Jacques amazolowera munthu bwino ndipo amatha kulankhulana naye momasuka, pozindikira tanthauzo la zokambiranazo. Mbalamezi ndizosangalatsa anzawo, koma mwachipongwe amakumbukiridwa ndikubwezera nthawi yoyenera, chifukwa ndikubwezera. Pamaubwenzi ndi abale, ndi okoma mtima komanso achikondi, ali ndi maubwenzi olimba pabanja.

Mbalame yanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi

Chodabwitsa, choyambirira, chifukwa cha luso lake la malingaliro, ndiye khwangwala wa New Caledonia. Ngakhale, khwangwala wamba, nawonso samatsalira pambuyo pake muukadaulo ndi luso lake. Khwangwala zatsopano za Caledonia ndizosangalatsa pamenepa ali ndi chilankhulo chawochomwe amalankhulana. Amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'magulu akulu, akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuyankhulana nthawi yomweyo.

Amakhalanso ndi zida ndi zida zomwe zingawathandize kukhala moyo wosalira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pindani ndodoyo mwapadera kuti mbedza ituluke kumapeto. Ndi chithandizo chake, akhwangwala amadzipezera tinthu tambiri ndi mphutsi kuchokera pansi pa mitengo. Komanso, amathanso kuyika nati mumsewu pomwe kuwala kwa magalimoto kumakhala kofiira kwa magalimoto. Kenako amayembekeza mpaka magalimoto amadutsa ndipo wofiyayo amayambiranso magalimoto, kenako khwangwala amayenda ndikudya nati. Pali zitsanzo zina zambiri pamene mbalamezi zidabwera ndi maukadaulo osiyanasiyana osangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ena amasunga ziweto kunyumba. Mbalamezi zimatha kuphunzitsidwa, kukumbukira bwino, kumvetsetsa zambiri komanso kukumbukira mawu ena a anthu.

Mbalame ndi masewera

Mbalame zamasewera zimakonda. Zowona, kuti chikondi sichimvetseka konse. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zikayamba kusamba komanso kusanja ngati ana, izi zitha kutengera ntchito ya chibadwidwe komanso pazifukwa zosiyana. Ndipo ngati kusamba, chilichonse chikuwoneka chanzeru komanso chomveka, ndiye kuti nkovuta kufotokoza chifukwa chake mbalame mwadala zimaponyera miyala m'madzi, kusilira momwe madziwo amafalikira.

Sizikudziwikanso chifukwa chiyani mbalamezi zimagunda, kukwera zingwe kapena zingwe, chifukwa chiyani zimakwera pamayendedwe oundana, ndikuchita zinthu zofananira zomwe, ngati zitapangidwa ndi anthu, zitha kuwunikira mosazindikira monga chizindikiro cha nzeru zapamwamba.

Mbalame zimakonda kusewera masewera, ngakhale anzeru.

Okonda mbalame amati zambiri mwa izi zomwe mbalame zimachita pofuna kungosangalala. Ndipo ngati muwapatsa zoseweretsa zomwe zingakulitse luso lawo la kuphunzira, aziwaphunzira kwa maola ambiri, kuyesera kukhutitsa chidwi chawo cha mbalame.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mbalame ndi zanzeru kuposa momwe zimaganiziridwapo kale, ndipo eni ambiri adatha kuzimvetsa izi kalekale zisanatsimikizidwe ndi asayansi.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Jaco parrot

Kukhalapo kwa mbalamezi pamndandanda wa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri sikungadabwe aliyense. Kutha kwa parrots kutengera kuyankhula kwa anthu kumadziwika kwa aliyense. Osati zokhazo, ndine wowawopsa, osangokhala chabe, komanso malankhulidwe ogwira mtima amapezeka. Chifukwa cha izi, ma parrote amtundu waku Africa amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Oimira mabungwe omwe atchulidwa amatha kuloweza pamawu mpaka 500 ndikugwiritsa ntchito kufotokoza zofuna zawo. Dziko lonse lapansi lidatchuka chifukwa champhika wa Jacquot wotchedwa Alex, yemwe adachita nawo zoyeseza za Irene Pepperberg.

Alex adatsimikizira kuti ma parrots amagwiritsa ntchito bwino malingaliro ndipo amatha kuwerengera masamu osavuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chake, Irene Pepperberg adawonetsa kuti Jaco parrots amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mawu ophunzirira kuti alumikizane ndi anthu. Nthawi ina, atayesa kangapo, Alex adati: "Ndikufuna kuchoka," ndipo atazindikira kuti Dr. Pepperberg adakhumudwa, adapepesa.

Kea parrot

Proti ya Kea ndi mbalame yosangalatsanso kwambiri. Cinthu cimodzi coyipa, mutu wa chidwi chawo ndi katundu wa anthu. Mu 2013, parrot uyu adabera chikwama kuchokera pa van a camper, chomwe chinali pafupifupi € 750. Komanso, kachikwamako kanali kachikwama.

Nyuwe za mbalamezi zimakhala ku New Zealand, komwe sizikondedwa kwenikweni. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri amamangidwa ndikuwononga katundu, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba, kulowa malo osaloledwa, kuba komanso kuvulaza thupi. Mlandu unalembedwa pamene mbalame izi zinaponya alendo apaulendo akukwera kanjira kaphiri.

Ngakhale zili zodziwika bwino, asayansi ali okondwa kufufuza kuthekera ndi zizolowezi za mbalamezi. Ku Vienna, Kea Laboratory yonse imagwira ntchito. M'kati mwa zoyesazo, ofufuzawo adazindikira kuti akuwoneka achidwi ngakhale osalimbikitsidwa ndi chakudya.

Parrot ndiosavuta kuphunzira, imasiyanitsa mitundu, imagwirizana ndi ntchito zomveka ndipo imakumbukira bwino kwambiri. Poyesa kwina, amakhala anzeru kwambiri kuposa anyani.

Nkhunda

M'malo mokomera kuti mbalame ya nkhunda siili yopusa, kungodziwa kuti makalata a njiwa ndi umboni. Chifukwa chake, mbiri yakugonjetsedwa kwa Napoleon ku Waterloo idautsidwa ku England ndi njiwa.

Ofufuzawo atsimikizira kuti mbalamezi zimatha kukumbukira m'maganizo awo zithunzi pafupifupi 300. Ndipo osati kale kwambiri, ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ku Otago adayesetsa kuphunzitsa nkhunda kuwerenga. Kodi chinabwera ndi chiyani?

Poyamba, mbalamezo zidasinthidwa kudyetsa, pambuyo pake adaphunzitsidwa kuzindikira mawu. Kuti mupeze yankho lolondola, phunziroli lidalandira tirigu, ndipo yankho lolakwika - kubwereza koyeserera. Pa maphunzirowa, mmodzi wa nkhunda anali kuloweza pamtima mawu pafupifupi 58.

Ma njiwa adatenganso nawo mbali poyesera nyimbo. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti mbalamezi zimawona kusiyana pakati pa Stravinsky ndi Bach, ndikusankha masitayidwe apakati a nyimbo. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhunda zimakhala ndi luso losavuta kuwerengetsa.

Jackdaw

Uwu ndi woimira wina wabanja la ma corvids. Ma Jackdaw ndi achidwi kwambiri komanso otchuka chifukwa chokonda zinthu zaluso. Amamasulira machitidwe olankhula ndi anthu mosavuta. Komanso ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimalumikizana wina ndi mzake kudzera m'maso awo.

Anthu ena a jackdaw amatsata magulu agwape kuti apange ubweya wa nyama izi. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zisa. Ku England, adalemba zochitika zambiri pamene ma jackdaw adatsegula mabotolo amkaka ndikumwa kuchokera pazomwe zidapezekazo. Asayansi adawonanso kuti mbalamezi zimasamalira abale ovulala. Kuphatikiza apo, ma jackdaw ndi osavuta kuphunzitsa.

Magpie

Kungakhale kupanda chilungamo kwakukulu osanenapo zamatsenga. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mbalamezi sizanzeru kuposa chimpanzi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti gawo laubongo lomwe limawongolera ntchito zokhudzana ndi chidwi limakhazikika bwino makumi anayi. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ubongo wawo polemera thupi kumakhala kofanana ndi kwa anyani.

Kutha kwawo kudzizindikira mu kalilole sikumadziwika kokha osati akatswiri a ornithologists. Ma Magpies amadziwa kuti ndizowonetsera zawo pakalilore, osati wachibale wawo. Amathanso kusewera zobisika ndikusaka. Amatha kuphunzitsidwa kuti aziona kuti ndizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalame yayikulu ikabweretsa chakudya cha anapiye, imagawana m'magawo ofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi adawona kuti nthawi zina matsenga amatsuka nyumba zawo ndi njira zopitilira patsogolo.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitundu zochepa za mbalame zomwe zimatha kuzindikira munthu osati ndi zovala kapena mawu, koma nkhope. Poyesa izi, kuyezetsa pang'ono kunachitika. Ofufuza awiri ovala moyenera adabwera kumatsenga, koma m'modzi yekha adadzuka zisa. Zotsatira zake, mbalamezo zidamuwuza yemwe adalowa mnyumba zawo, kunyalanyaza mnzakeyo.

Jay

Ma Jays samangokhala phokoso komanso amphamvu, komanso anzeru. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhoza kulinganiza zochita zawo. Jays kumbukirani bwino ndi kusanthula mawu. Amatengera nyama zina mosavuta. Amatha kuphunzitsidwa ngati zinkhwe.

Jay mwaluso kubisala chakudya. Asayansi aku University of Cambridge apeza kuti mbalame zimayesa kuonetsetsa kuti palibe amene akuziwona kapena kuzimva panthawiyi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amabisa m'matumbo mwadala. University of Groningen idapeza kuti mbalame zimasunthira chakudya chifukwa choopa kuti chakudya chiziba.

Mpheta

Mbalame yosawerengeka iyi imathanso kuchita zambiri. Posachedwa, ogwira nawo ntchito ku Keio Japan University adapeza kuti mpheta zimatha kusiyanitsa zilankhulo za anthu. Mbalame zimazindikira bwino chilankhulocho mwa 75% ya milandu.

Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi atsimikizira kuti mpheta zowoneka bwino ndizodziwika m'magulu akulu a mbalame. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mizinda "ndizopepuka" kuposa okhala kumidzi. Mwina izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zatsopano zomwe mbalame zakumata ziyenera kuzithetsa.

Kedari

Mtundu wa paini kapena mtedza samadziwika chifukwa chongokonda mtedza wa pine, komanso chifukwa cha kukumbukira kwake kwakukulu. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame imodzi imatha kutola mtedza pafupifupi 70,000. Kuti "olanda" asapeze chosangalatsa, mitengo yamkungudza imabisalira mtedza m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Chiwerengero cha ma cached ndi masauzande. Kutha kukumbukira mwapadera kumathandiza kuti mkungudza uzikumbukira chilichonse. Kedrovka amapeza mabala, ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira kufufuza kwawo kumasokoneza chisanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magawo osiyanasiyana ammadera amapezeka kwa mbalame.

Nkhuku

Wina, ndipo palibe amene akuyembekezera kuwona nkhuku pamndandanda. Mawu akuti "nkhuku zam'mimba" amachepetsa mphamvu ya mbalameyi. M'malo mwake, nkhuku ndizodziwika chifukwa chazangu zachangu ndipo zimatha kumva chisoni ndi abale awo.

Kutengera ndi kuyesa kwa nkhuku, akatswiri a zamankhwala apeza kuti nkhuku zimatha kuwerengera ndikuthana ndi zochitika zoyambira masamu. Mbalame zimafunikira maluso awa kuti zithe kupeza chakudya chokwanira ndikupeza gulu lalikulu kuti alowerere.

Kutha kwa nkhuku kumvera chisoni kunawululidwa munthawi ya kuyesa kuphunzira momwe mbalame zimawombera nkhuku zawo. Mboni zodziwikiratu zidaloledwa kutsimikizira pasadakhale kuti njirayi inali yovuta. Mlengalenga utaloza kwa nkhuku, mbalame zachikulire zimagunda mofulumira, ndipo anayamba kudziyitanitsa nkhukuzi.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mbalame sizotalikirana ndi zolengedwa zopusa, ndipo malingaliro awo sakhala akale monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira.

Dziwani kuti ndi mbalame iti yomwe ili yanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi

Kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso, maluso, kukambirana, kuthetsa mavuto, kuwerengera, kuthekera kukumbukira, kusaka chakudya chobisika - mbalame zina zimatha kupitilira zonse koma zolengedwa zomwe zimzeru kwambiri.

Magulu awiri amapezeka makamaka - awa ndi akhwangwala ndi zinkhwawa. Khwangwala ndi am'banja la Vranov. Banja ili limaphatikizapo: akhwangwala, akhwangwala, matsenga ndi ma jay.

Parrots ndi mamembala a dongosolo la "Parrot-like", lomwe limaphatikizapo mabanja atatu: Psittacoidea (zowonadi zowona), Cacatuoidea (cockatoos) ndi Strigopoidea (mbalame zofanizira za New Zealand).

Khwangwala ndi mbalame zotchedwa parapoti ndizomwe zimayang'anira mndandanda wa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma si okhawo ayi, palinso mitundu ina. Mndandanda wa mbalame zanzeru umaperekedwa kuti mudziwe.

Grey macaw

Gulu la African Grey Macaw sili parrot wowala kwambiri pankhani ya utoto, koma ndi limodzi mwaz mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Zolengedwa izi zimatha kuchita zinthu mwanzeru pamlingo wofanana ndi mwana wazaka zinayi.

Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti umatha kuyankhula. Amadziwika kuti anthu ena amatha kuphunzira mawu opitilira 200 ndipo, choposa, kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawu awa.

Asayansi amadziwa African Gray Parrot yotchedwa "Alex." Adali mutu wamaphunziro azaka makumi atatu omwe adayamba ku University of Arizona.

Alex adatha kuzindikira mayina a zinthu zopitilira 50. Amathanso kudziwa bwino mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwake, kusankha zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mawonekedwe awa ndi "ochepera" kwambiri.

Cockatoo

Amadziwika ndi zitunda zokutidwa. Atoatoos amakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi kucheza kwambiri. Monga gawo la luntha lawo lachilendo, kuthekera kutengera mawu ndi mawu osiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi atachita mayeso aluso, adaphunzira kuti tambala amatha kulimbana ndi chiyeso chofuna kudya zakudya zabwino zomwe amapatsa, kuti azitha kuzisinthanitsa ndi moyo wawo.

Izi zimawonetsa kuyesa kodziwika ku USA komwe adachita zaka 40 zapitazo, pomwe ana adayikidwa mchipinda ndikupatsidwa marshmallows, mabisiketi kapena maswiti.

Kenako amathandizira ana: mwina mumadya maswiti onse nthawi imodzi, kapena dikirani mphindi 15 ndikupeza mphoto yowonjezereka ya chipiriro. Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso, anawo nthawi yomweyo adayesedwa kuti adye maswiti onse osadikirira nthawi yoikika, mosiyana ndi tambala, yemwe anali kudikirira bonasi yowonjezera.

Amazons

Pali mitundu yambiri ya Amazons ndipo onsewa ali ndi nzeru zofanana. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mbalame zamtundu wa Amazon zimasungidwa ngati ziweto, makamaka chifukwa cha luntha lawo komanso kuyankhula.

Amazons ndi aluso kwambiri amawu, kusewera komanso kukonda. Amatha kutsanzira bwino mawu kuti mawu sangasiyanitsidwe ndi mawu enieni.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyankhula, ma parrots a Amazon amathanso kuphunzitsidwa kuchita zanzeru zambiri ndi ntchito zina. Ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake mbalame zochititsa chidwizi ndizodziwika bwino ngati ziweto, ndipo zakhala zikugwirizana ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri.

Phokoso lomveka bwino la mawu limakupatsani mwayi woti muphunzire nyimbo zonse za parrot. Amazon imakonda kuyanjana, imasewera kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ubale wolimba ndi mwiniwake.

Mitundu yamtambo

Jace ndi wa banja la jay. Ndiwachangu, waluntha komanso wokondedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri a zamankhwala. Iyi ndi nyama yokhayo, kupatula kwa anthu, omwe amakonzekera zochita zake potengera momwe adzamvere m'tsogolo.

Kafukufuku awonetsa kuti amalinganiza chakudya chamtundu wanji chomwe akufuna kudzadya m'mawa m'mawa, kuchuluka kwake komanso komwe adzagula. Kenako amasunga kuchuluka koyenera pamalo ena.

Chitsanzo china chanzeru zawo ndi a Blue Jays, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pepala kuchokera pansi penipeni ngati chida chobweretsa chakudya kunja kwa chipindacho.

Jays enawo ataona izi, mwachangu anagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu 40 ya ma jay.

Kulira Drongo

Ndioyimira banja lodutsa. Mchira wa Drongo umathandizanso kwa nyama zina, ngati "woteteza", kudzutsa phokoso pamene mdani afika.

Komabe, malingaliro a Drongo nthawi zonse amakhala osalakwa. Kutsatira kwabwino, nthawi zina kumayambitsa ma alarm abodza akawona nyama zina.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zina ziziuluka zisiya chakudya. Drongo samangopusitsa abale ake mwanjira iyi, meerkats amakhalanso ovuta misala yake!

Magasi wa ku Europe

Kukhala ndi “kudzidziwa tokha” kumatanthauza kuti ukudziwa kuti uli moyo. Kuyesa kwa "kalilole" adapangidwa kuti athe kuyeza kuti nyama izitha kuzindikira.

Poyesedwa pagalasi, chomata chimayikidwa mbali ya chiweto chomwe sichikuwona. Kenako imayikidwa patsogolo pagalasi. Ngati chiweto chimayesetsa kuchotsa chomata, kuchiwona, ndikuti chizindikire.

Ndi mbalame zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuzindikira momwe zimawonera. Magasi a ku Eurasian akadali okhawo omwe siopanda mafuta omwe adakwanitsa kuyesa mayeso agalasi. Fotokozani.

Mtundu wina wa corvidae, wodziwika chifukwa cha nzeru zake zapamwamba. Ma Rook, ngati akhwangwala, ankawoneka m'masewera, kuphatikizapo zida zankhondo.

A Rooks amathanso kuthana ndi "Vuto la nkhope ya Aesop." Kuyesa kwanzeru kumeneku kumakhazikika pa nthano yodziwika bwino "Crow and Pitcher." Mu nthano, khwangwala samatha kumwa kuchokera ku mbiya chifukwa madzi ndi ochepa kwambiri.

Amathetsa vutoli mwa kuponyera miyala mu mbiya, potero kukweza madzi ndikulola kuti aledzere.

Pantchito ya "Face Aesop", phula limaperekedwa papa lodzaza madzi, ndipo nyongolotsi ikuyandama pamwamba. Mbalameyi imaganiza kuti miyala ikadzagwera m'madzi, madziwo amakwera, ndipo izi, zimapangitsa kuti nyongolayo ipezekenso.

Ana ambiri aang'ono sangathe kuthetsa vutoli!

Clark's Nutcracker

Uyu ndi membala wa North America wa banja la akhwangwala. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti umatha kudula zakudya zambiri. ("Kubera" ndi pomwe mbalame zimabisala chakudya chochuluka kuti chidzagwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake).

Nthawi yakugwa, Clark's Nutcracker amabisala malo obisalapo angapo, omwe ali ndi mbewu 1-15. Panyengo, amatha kubisala pafupifupi 33,000 mbewu m'malo oposa 3,000 (mpaka 98,000 mbewu zidapezekanso m'makola ake).

Clark's Nutcracker amatha kukumbukira komwe ma cache ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu. Ngakhale atakhala miyezi isanu ndi inayi, adawapeza atabisidwa mu chisanu.

Pignon Jay

Ma joni a Pignon ndi akhwangwala kwambiri omwe amapezeka kumadzulo kwa North America. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti poona machitidwe a anthu ena, kuphatikizapo osawadziwa, mbalame payokha imatha kukhala ndi malo ake ochezera.

Izi zimapulumutsa mbalame zonse zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yayitali komanso mphamvu kuti zilimbane! Ma jayoni a Pignon ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri; amatha kubisala mbeu zopitilira 20,000 kugwa kukonzekera nthawi yozizira.

Woodpecker finch

Mbalame yaying'ono ya banja la Tanagrov. Imapezeka ku zilumba za Galapagos - iyi ndi imodzi mw mbalame zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida kuthengo.

Popanda mlomo wautali komanso wolimba, monga dzina lake (losagwirizana), finch Woodpecker m'malo mwake imapanga zida zake. Amakhala ndi ma cactus spines ndi nthambi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mphutsi pam mitengo.

Malizani "kuyesa" zida zonse kuti mupeze zabwino kwambiri pantchitoyo. Zinawonekanso kuti amasintha chida chosankhidwa kuti chimalize bwino ntchitoyo.

Tikamaphunzira zambiri za mbalame, timayamba kuzindikira momwe moyo wawo ndi malingaliro awo amakhalira ovuta. Ndani akudziwa, mwina, pakupita nthawi, kunyoza kukhalapo kwa “ubongo wa mbalame” atha kukhala kuyamikira! Tikukhulupirira kuti mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa patsamba lino yakupatsani malingaliro kuti ndi mbalame iti yomwe ili yanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi.