Mavuto:
1. Zinthu zonse anakumana, koma palibe centiates anapezeka.
2. Ndikovuta kwambiri kulima catiates.
3. Kuyesaku kunachitika katatu, mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
4. Zonse zatsopano zidapangidwa.
Zotsatira pa zoyesa No. 1:
1. M'masampulu ambiri, nkhungu imawoneka, chilichonse chimasowa kapena protozoa ina iwoneka.
2. Kunyumba, mutha kumamera tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana: (Suvoyka - mtundu wa immobile wa ciliates, shutterum - algae ndi rotifers - nyongolotsi.
3. Tikufunika nyengo zatsopano kuti tikule nsapato-ciliates.
Chifukwa cha zoyesazi, ndidapeza zinthu zinanso. Ndinaganiza kuti ndidziwe kuti izi ndi chiyani. Chifukwa cha kusanthula ndi kufananizira, ndinapeza kuti Oyendetsa - nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (zosaposa 2 mm) - nyongolotsi zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ndi zida za cilia za zakudya komanso kuyenda. Amakhala m'madziwe komanso dothi lonyowa. Klosterium - mtundu wamtchire wobiriwira unicellular. Suvojki - mtundu wa ciliates chokhazikitsidwa mpaka 0,5 mm m'mimba mwake, ali ndi mwendo wautali, wosakanikirana ndi kudziphatika.
Kenako ndidaganiza zosintha kuyesaku ndikutenga madzi amadzimadzi okha kuchokera pansi (sludge) omwe ali ndi media media osiyanasiyana.
Zomwe takumana nazo 2. Kubadwira ciliates.
Cholinga cha kuyeserera: Pezani ma ciliates mu aquarium ndikuyesera kuwapaka.
Zoyeserera:
Zitsanzo zamadzi zotengedwa: silt.
Chikhalidwe pakati: nthochi, mbatata ndi chamomile.
Madzulo, kutentha kwa chipinda.
mkuyu 3. Mpunga wa Banana 4. Chamomile mkuyu. 5. Mbatata
Gome manambala akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ciliates. Ndidatenga samples zamadzi ndikumayang'ananso pansi pa maikulosikopu. M'mawonekedwe, ma ciliates atatu oyendayenda omwe ali mu sampuli iliyonse adapezeka.
- Mapeto pa zoyesa No. 2:Kusanthula kwa zitsanzozi kunawonetsa kuti ma ciliates anamwalira tsiku la 3 ndi mbatata, ndipo anapulumuka pazinthu zina zamankhwala ndipo anayamba kuchulukana.
- Magulu omaliza: Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa kuyesa konse, ndinazindikira kuti kukweza ciliates sikophweka monga zimayenera. Infusoria angathe mtundu pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito silarium silt (chikhalidwe choyera). Palibe ma ciliates omwe amapezeka m'magawo ena am'madzi; chifukwa chake, zitsanzo zina sizinalole ciliates kukula poyesa koyamba. Komanso malo abwino okukula ma ciliates ndi kutentha kwa mkati, kupezeka kwa sing'anga (zikopa za nthochi kapena chamomile), nthawi yamadzulo. Mu zitsanzo zotsalazo, nkhungu imawoneka, chilichonse chimasowa kapena protozoa ina ndi mphutsi zimawoneka zomwe sizakudya mwachangu.
- Malingaliro adatsimikizidwa pang'ono: Infusoria oterera kunyumba amatha kokha mtundukugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe choyera
Kusanthula kwa ntchito
- Pokonzekera kuyesera, zikuwoneka kuti zonse zinali zosavuta, komabe, ma ciliates adayamba kuwonedwa pokhapokha pazotsatira zachitatu.
- Kutha kukhazikitsa cholinga cha kuyesako, kupanga zowonera, kujambula zotsatira ndi njira yoyesera, kupeza mayankho kumakhala kothandiza kwa ine m'makalasi a biology mukamachita ntchito yantchito ndi ntchito, komanso kuchititsa zoyeserera zosangalatsa kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, adaphunzira kukwaniritsa cholinga, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pamoyo.
- Ndikukula ciliates, ndidaphunzira za zinthu zina zosavuta.
2.4. Malangizo kwa asitikali am'madzi.
- NDI cholinga chenjezo zolakwitsa zanga komanso zolakwika zomwe zimayesedwa pa intaneti pa ma cineates omwe adakula, ndidaganiza zojambulaMalangizo kwa asitikali am'madzi:
- Pezani zidziwitso zonse zamtundu uliwonse wa nsomba zomwe mukufuna kupezeka mu aquarium magawo amadzi oti muzisunga, mawonekedwe a machitidwe, kuphatikizana ndi nsomba zina, mtundu wa chakudya cha mwachangu.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chikhalidwe chabwino cha akatswiri kuti muwasule.
- Tengani sampuli yamadzi kuchokera ku silarium ya aquarium, pezani ciliates kumeneko pansi pa maikulosikopu.
- Ikani silika wa aquarium ndi sing'anga wazakudya (koposa zonse, zikopa za nthochi) mumtsuko.
- Ikani botolo pachipinda chotentha, madzulo.
- Onani tsiku lililonse kuchuluka kwa ma centiates omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.
- Pakadali kafukufukuyu, magwero osiyanasiyana a zidziwitso adawerengedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuphunzitsidwa kuti kudyetsa nsomba zosiyanasiyana kumafunikira ma feed osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti chakudya chothandiza kwambiri cha mwachangu ndi "fumbi lamoyo", koma mwatsoka, sizingapezeke nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chake, asitikali am'madzi amatulutsa mitundu ya chakudya chamoyo. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi nsapato zazimayi.
- Pa gawo lotsatira, ndinaphunzira zodabwitsa za kapangidwe kake ndi moyo wa ma centiates.
- Pofuna kuyesa malingaliro oti ndikutheka kukulitsa chisangalalo cha mwachangu kunyumba, ndinayesa zingapo. Poyamba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndidazindikira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zitha kupangidwa kuti zikule bwino.
- Nthawi chochitika choyamba, Ndidakumana ndi zovuta: zikuwoneka kuti mikhalidwe yonse idakumana, koma othandizira onse sanapezeke. Zinapezeka kuti ciliates ndiovuta kwambiri kuti akule.
Zopezeka: nkhungu imawoneka m'mitundu yambiri, chilichonse chimasowa kapena protozoa ina imawoneka: suvoy, shutterum ndi ma rotifers.
- Kenako, ndidaganiza zosintha momwe zidayesedwera ndikutenga madzi amadzimadzi kuchokera pansi (sludge) ndikutulutsa utoto wosiyanasiyana (mbatata, nthochi, chamomile), kuti ndipeze ma ciliates mu aquarium ndikuyesera kuwachepetsa.
- Mapeto pa zoyesa No. 2: Ma ciliates adapulumuka ndipo adayamba kuchuluka ochulukitsa pazinthu zamafuta ndi nthochi ndi chamomile.
- Magulu omaliza: Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa kuyesa konse, ndinazindikira kuti, ndi ciliator mtundu kugwiritsa ntchito kokha aquarium silt (chikhalidwe choyera). Palibe ma ciliates omwe amapezeka m'magawo ena am'madzi; chifukwa chake, zitsanzo zina sizinalole ciliates kukula poyesa koyamba. Komanso malo abwino okukula ma ciliates ndi kutentha kwa mkati, kupezeka kwa sing'anga (zikopa za nthochi kapena chamomile), nthawi yamadzulo. Malingaliro adatsimikizidwa pang'ono: Infusoria oterera kunyumba amatha kokha mtundukugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe choyera.
Kusanthula ntchito:
- Pokonzekera kuyesera, zikuwoneka kuti zonse zinali zosavuta, komabe, ma ciliates adayamba kuwonedwa pokhapokha pazotsatira zachitatu.
- Kutha kukhazikitsa cholinga cha kuyesako, kupanga zowonera, kujambula zotsatira ndi njira yoyesera, kupeza mayankho kumakhala kothandiza kwa ine m'makalasi a biology mukamachita ntchito yantchito ndi ntchito, komanso kuchititsa zoyeserera zosangalatsa kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, adaphunzira kukwaniritsa cholinga, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pamoyo.
- Ndikukula ciliates, ndidaphunzira za zinthu zina zosavuta.
Kufotokozera
Kukula kwa nsapato ndizochepa, koma nthawi imodzimodzi, kuphatikiza ndi ena omwe siamodzi, ndizokulirapo. Nsapato ya akuluakulu imatha kukula mpaka 0,3 mm, komabe, ena adatha kukula munthu m'milimita 0.6. Thupi limakhala lotalika, limodzimodzi. Mbali ya kumtunda kwa thupi ndi nembanemba lakunja. Ndiwowonekera, kotero mwa iyo mutha kuwona mawonekedwe onse amkati a ciliates. Chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ziwalo zina ndi ma cell a macro. Chimawoneka ngati chipolopolo pa thupi. Pamwamba pa nsapatozo pali cilia, mothandizidwa ndi pomwe ciliator amayenda ndikusaka. Chiwerengero chawo chimatha kukhala 10 mpaka 15,000.
Zabwino ndi zoyipa za fumbi lamoyo
Ngakhale pali msika wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wa nsomba zam'madzi, obereketsa ambiri amakonda kuchita monga njira yakale, kulima ciliates kunyumba. Ndi chifukwa chabwino, chifukwa njira yopezera chakudya choyambira ili ndi zabwino zingapo:
- "Fumbi lamoyo" silidetsa madzi. Ma cineates osadziwika adzatsalira mu aquarium popanda kusokoneza mawonekedwe ake.
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa chakudyacho kumakupatsani mwayi woti mugwiritse ntchito ngati chakudya cha ana ang'ono ang'onoang'ono omwe amawaza nsomba.
- Pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, mwachangu zimakula mwachangu.
- Mitengo yotsika. Fumbi lamtunduwu limatha kulimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zomangira.
- Kusavuta kwa kupanga. Ngakhale mwana akhoza kukula m'magulu a ma ciliates.
- Chitetezo. Chiwopsezo chobweretsa matendawa mu aquarium yokula sichochepa.
Zoyipa zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zamtunduwu ndizochepa, zimaphatikizapo:
- Fungo. Pakulima ciliates, zinyalala za organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimanunkhira bwino pakuwola.
- Kuvuta kwa chakudya. Pewani kupeza madzi owola, momwe ciliates amakulira, mu aquarium yomwe ikukula. Kuti mukolole, mumafunikira maluso.
- M'malo ena okhala ndi malo okhala pansi pamatha kukhala ma ciliates ochepa, kotero munthu wam'madzi amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga mtsuko wowola wopanda "fumbi lokhalokha".
- Nthawi. Idzatenga masiku 7-10 kukonzekera chakudya chamtunduwu.
Chifukwa chiyani tizilombo ting'onoting'ono osati chakudya chowuma? Palinso zifukwa izi. Chofunikira kwambiri - si aliyense amene amatha kuwerengera moyenera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa mu aquarium. Ndikosavuta kudzaza zochulukirapo, potipitsa madzi ndi zinthu zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachangu ayenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi - mara 6-8 patsiku. Ndili ndi "fumbi lamoyo", ndikofunikira kuti "ndikufotokozereni", sadzafa ndipo posachedwa lidyedwa ndi nsomba.
Momwe mungapezere ma ciliates?
Pali njira yosavuta komanso yosangalatsa yopezera, ndipo koposa zonse, kupatula nsapato ku tizilombo tina:
- Tengani chidutswa chagalasi ndikuyika madontho awiri amadzi pa iye, imodzi yomwe ikuyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku aquarium, yachiwiri kuchokera pampopi yamadzi, ndikusiya kuyimirira kwakanthawi.
- Onjezani mchere pang'ono pang'ono kuti mupeze madzi ochokera pansi pa nyanja.
- Pangani "njanji" yopyapyala pakati pa madzi. Kwa izi, singano kapena dzino lililonse lingabwere, ingogwirani pakati pa madontho. Zamoyo zonse zatsopano zimathamangira kumadzi oyera, osasamba.
- Nsapatoyo, chifukwa cha cilia wake, ndiwokhwima kwambiri kuposa anzawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake palibe wina amene angakhale woyamba kudera lamadzi.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito bombaette, tumizani ku thanki yamadzi oyera kuti mupatsenso madzi ena.
Kulera ciliates kunyumba
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kubereka ma ciliates, zomwe sizachilengedwe chokha chakudya chamoyo, komanso yopezeka kuti ikulira kwa aliyense. Kubala ciliates sikovuta konse, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungalekanitse chikhalidwe choyera ndi zosadetsa zosafunika.
Kuti mupeze chikhalidwe chabwino othandizira Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwaphunzira m'masukulu a zoology. Timayika dontho lamadzi kuchokera ku aquarium pa slide yagalasi ndikuwonjezera mchere wamakristali. Pafupi, koma kuchokera kumbali yowunikiridwa, timayika dontho lamadzi oyipa, otetezedwa.
Mothandizidwa ndi singano wamba, machesi owongoka kapena chovala mano, timalumikiza madontho onse ndi mlatho wamadzi. Ciliates amathamangira ku kuwala ndi madzi abwino. Ndikukonzekera kuti zimathamanga kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa zina zamitundu iwiri, motero zimasamukira kumadzi oyera kuposa ena. Tisonkhanitsira dontho ili la madzi oyera ndi ma ciliates okhala ndi pipette wamba yamagalasi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupukutira kwina.
Thirani madzi oyera mumtsuko wama lita atatu osaposa 75% ya voliyumu ndikuyambitsa infusoria kuchokera ku pipette pamenepo. Zimangowadyetsa munthawi yochepa ndikuwunika momwe madzi alili. Kudyetsa mkaka (madontho angapo pamtsuko uliwonse), kaloti wosoka (magawo awiri a 2-3), mbatata zosenda, letesi, decoction wa hay komanso ngakhale nthochi zouma (gawo limodzi). Zovala zilizonse zapamwamba zingapereke zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa chake sankhani njira yabwino kwambiri kwa inu panokha.
Pambuyo kudya, zimangokhala zowunikira ngakhale madziwo ali ndi mitambo yambiri. Yang'anani! Ngati madzi ndi matope kwambiri ndipo kununkhira kosasangalatsa kwa hydrogen sulfide kumamveka, izi zikuwonetsa kuti zakudya zambiri zowonjezera zidaphatikizidwa mumtsuko. Amphaka amasiya kuchulukana ndikufa, ngati sakudyetsa.
Mtsuko wachikhalidwe umayikidwa pamalo otentha, koma osayatsidwa ndi kuwala kowala. Kutentha kwambiri pakupanga ma ciliates amadziwika kuti ndi 18-22 ° C.
Muyenera kuti mwasankha kudyetsa mwachangu mwachangu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolengedwa zamitundu mitundu. Izi ndizovomerezeka, chifukwa anawo amasankha pazomwe amapeza zomwe amafunikira, monga magulu omwe adya. Pokhapokha ngati kuswana ndikuyenera kutenga madzi kuchokera ku aquarium wathanzi. M'madzi oterowo, nthawi zambiri mitundu yonse ya nkhokwe zowoneka bwino imapezeka.
Ngati zonse zidachitidwa moyenera, pakatha milungu iwiri madzi omwe ali mu banki aziwonekera, ndipo mutayang'ana, mutha kuwona anthu omwe akuwathandizira. Zachitika! Imatsanulira madzi ndi ma ciliates mu aquarium. Ingoyesani kupanga nthawi yoperekera ciliates mpaka kuyamba kwa kutulutsa.
Ozungulira
Kodi kulima?
Pofuna kubereka chikhalidwe cha nsapato, palibe mikhalidwe yapadera yomwe imafunikira, kotero kuti kulima kwawo ndikosavuta kwambiri ndipo kutha kuchitidwa ndi obereketsa nsomba ambiri.
Kupanga nsapato zazikuluzikulu zokwanira. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi wokonza, nsapato iyi idzabadwa, ndipo bankiyi idzakhala ndi gulu la kalendala - makopala oposa 40,000 pa kilogalamu. Nambala iyi ndi nsapato zochuluka kwambiri m'madzi.
Munthu wa ciliates amayenera kuyikidwa mu mtsuko wagalasi (makamaka 3 litre) yamadzi abwino okhala. Galasi limatulutsa kuwala, komwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa koloni. Kutentha kwapachipinda ndikabwino poyambitsa kubereka kwa tizilombo, koma mawonekedwe oyenera ndi ma ciliates ndi madigiri 22-26. Kutentha kumeneku, zidzakhala zotheka kukula pang'ono ndi nsapato zochuluka kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti muike botolo m'malo opumira kapena kuti muyeretse. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamaso pa oxygen m'madzi, ma ciliates amamira pansi, ndikuchepa kwake, komwe kumathandiza poyang'anira ndi kusonkhanitsa kwina.
Kubala nyama zazing'ono: kulenga dziko laling'ono kunyumba
Mwa mitundu yonse ya nyama zakunja zomwe zimabedwa pang'ono, zachilendo kwambiri nyama zachilendo. Izi zikuphatikiza nyama zonse zazing'ono komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Ndiye kuti, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tikukhala mozungulira chilengedwe, koma nthawi yomweyo sitimazindikira.
Kwa munthu yemwe sanadziwidwepo m'zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala zofunitsitsa kuchita nawo mu kuswana ciliates yosavuta ndi amoeba. Izi ziweto ndizosasamala chakudya ndi chisamaliro, ndipo mwachilengedwe samatenga malo ambiri mnyumba.
Amphaka ndi amoebas amakonda malo osungirako, chifukwa chake, zipilala ndi mitengo yaying'ono ndi malo abwino kuwagwira. Kugwira ambiri mwa zinthuzi, zidzakhala zokwanira kutola madzi okwanira lita imodzi yosungirako. Madzi opangidwawo amayenera kuthiridwa mumtsuko wokwanira malita atatu (wamba ungakhale woyenera kutetezedwa), ndikuthira madzi ozizira kuchokera pampopi mpaka pamwamba.
- Yang'anani! Ngakhale ngati simukuwona chochitika chilichonse cha nyama zooneka tating'ono m'madzi omwe atulutsidwa mu dziwe, izi sizitanthauza kuti kulibeko. Amatha kukhala pamtunda woyimilira, kuwapatsa mwayi wokula komanso kukula.
Zotsatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi mtsogolo zidzakhala mtundu wamadzimadzi amtsogolo aanthu a ciliates ndi amoebas. Chidebe chamadzi chimayenera kuyikidwa pamalo owala koma osazizira. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwadzuwa sikulowamo.
Monga chakudya peel ya mbatata yaiwisi, nthochi, beetroot kapena apulo wofiira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikudyetsa, munthu sayenera kumwa mopitirira muyeso, kuyamba pang'ono, magawo awiri kapena atatu azinthu zochepa zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa zikhala zokwanira.
- Mofulumira! Zingakhale bwino ngati njira yoyamba yokhazikitsira chakudyacho ikuphatikizidwa ndi madzi pang'ono. Peelyo imayenera kukhalabe m'madzi mpaka maonekedwe oyamba kuwola kapena nkhungu, nthawi zambiri kudyetsa kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 5-7.
Pambuyo pa kudya koyamba, nyama zazing'ono zimayamba kudziwonetsa bwino. Pafupifupi masiku 4 zidzakhala zotheka kupanga ma cileates oyamba ndi maliseche, ndipo patatha masiku 10 zikuwoneka kuti bankiyo yonse yadzaza ndi matupi awo opindika.
Mutha kuwona mwatsatanetsatane zochitika za nyumba yanu centiates chifukwa chagalala yamphamvu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti wamba yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osinthika. Kuti muwone, muyenera kuwaza supuni yamadzi am'madzi ndi ma ciliates ndikutaya madontho ochepa pa "tebulo la kafukufuku" (nthawi zambiri tebulo la kafukufuku ndi loyera bwino).
- Mofulumira! Kuchokera madontho ochepa momwe ma ciliates amapezekera, mutha kuchotsa nyama zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikupanga malo owerengera. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kupeza mtundu wobereketsa kuchokera kwa anthu akhama kwambiri komanso akhama.
Madzi mu aquarium amayenera kulowedwa m'malo masiku 15 aliwonse (tsoka, popereka 90-95% ya ziweto zawo).
Nyama zamtundu uliwonse zimatha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. mwa kuziziritsa bwino mufiriji, kenako mufiriji. M'madzi ozizira, amoeba ndi infusoria amasiya kukhalapo, amadzungulira ndi kaphokoso kofiyira kodetsa nkhawa ndipo ali okonzeka kudikirira zaka zambiri m'dziko lino.
Ngati mungapeze amoeba mu aquarium, mutha kuwunika momwe amasaka ma ciliates ndikuyamwa.
Mwambiri, dziko lapansi la nyama zosawerengeka monga ma ciliates ndi amoeba ndi ntchito yosangalatsa, chifukwa simudzadziwiratu kuti ndi ndani yemwe mudatha kutenga nawo gawo kuchokera pakubetcha kapena puddle. Kupatula apo, ma citale osavulaza ndi amoeba ankhanza ndi amoeba amatha kukhalamo.
Skubitsky Igor Yuryevich,
Zodyetsa
Nsapato zimangokhala zonyozeka kwambiri mu chakudya. Mutha kuwadyetsa kunyumba. Pazakudya, amafunika ma substrates kuti akonze mabakiteriya. Idyani zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, chakudya cham'madzi, mkaka ndi chiwindi. Kuti zitheke, malonda ake amauma, kenako ndikuviika mu gauze mu thanki ndi ma ciliates. Pofuna kuti zisaonongeke kwambiri, chidutswa cha masentimita atatu chikwanira.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsera kwa hay kudyetsa. Kuphika ndi kosavuta. M'madzi otentha, tsitsani msipu, pa 10 g pa 1 lita imodzi ndikusiyira mphindi 20. Kutentha kwambiri kupha tizilombo tonse tomwe, koma mabakiteriya adzapulumuka, ndipo ndi omwe apitilizabe kudya ma ciliates. Thirani yankho mu chidebe chilichonse chosavuta ndikusiyira kutentha kwa masiku awiri, munthawi yomwe mabakiteriya adzachulukana ndipo amatha kuwapatsa chakudya. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimatchedwa - hydrolysis yisiti, muyenera kuwonjezera iwo kumadzi pamlingo wa 1 g pa 10 l kamodzi pa sabata ndi theka.
Njira yosavuta yodyetsera ma ciliates ndi mkaka ndi mkaka. Mkaka wopaka kapena mkaka wopindika bwino ndi bwino. Pazankho, yikani madontho awiri pa sabata. Ma ciliates samadyetsa mkaka pawokha, koma mabakiteriya amkaka opsa.
Mukadyetsa chikhalidwe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti yankho likadzaza ndi mabakiteriya, ma ciliates amayamba kufa ndi mpweya wosakwanira. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kuwunika bwino ma bacteria omwe amagwera mu tank kupita ku nsapato.
Gwiritsani ntchito ngati chakudya
Mukatha kubereka bwino, mutha kupitiliza kusonkhanitsa mitengo ya ciliates. Kuti zitheke, dera lonse limasunthidwa pamwamba pamadzi. Ganizirani njira ziwiri zosavuta komanso zosavuta zochitira izi:
Thirani mkaka m'madzi ndikuzimitsa purse. Zitatha izi, kudikirira kudikirira maola awiri ndipo ziphuphuzo ziwoneka.
Njira yothira mchere imalowetsedwa mumtsuko, ndikupangitsa kuti ma ciliates ayende pansi.
Tsopano mutha kupitiliza kusonkhanitsa nokha. Mutha kuwatenga pogwiritsa ntchito payipi. Muthanso kumanga kapangidwe kamene kamadyetsa mwachangu mwachangu ndi ma ciliates atsopano. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera chubu chokhazikika chamadzimadzi, chomwe chitha kugulidwa ku pharmacy. Ikani mtsuko wama ciliates pamwamba pamadzi, ikani hose mmenemo, tsitsani ndikusintha kotunga madzi kuchokera mumtsuko pogwiritsa ntchito chida. Moyenerera, madzi amayenera kupatsidwira madontho mosiyanasiyana masekondi atatu ndi atatu.
Aliyense atha kupanga pulamu yaying'onoyo yopangira ma ciliates kunyumba. Kudya infusoria, mwachangu amakula wathanzi komanso wamphamvu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kukhala moyo wautali.
"Fumbi lamoyo" ndi ozungulira
Zowombera zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'madziwe siziwonjeza kukula kwa ma ciliates, ndipo njira yawo yolima ndi yofanana, kupatula zochepa zochepa.
Chikhalidwe cha ma rotate chitha kupezeka kuchokera ku ma cysts omwe atuta pa sitolo kapena potenga madzi kuchokera kumadzi oyandikana nawo.
Onetsetsani kuti crustaceans ndi mphutsi zazomera sizikuyatsidwa ndi ozungulira - ndi adani awo achilengedwe.
Pakulima, kuwala kosafunikira kumafunikira - osachepera maola 10 patsiku. Ozungulira amakhala ndi nthawi yotalika pafupifupi milungu 4. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwa madzi ambiri mu banki mupezeke cysts zatsopano.
Habitat, kapangidwe ndi kayendedwe
Chamoyo chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala pafupifupi m'malo onse osungira, mwayi waukulu womwe ndi madzi osasunthika. Kutalika kwa nsapato za nsapato ndi 0,5 mm basi, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira ndi maso amaliseche ngakhale m'madzi oyera. Maonekedwe a thupi amafanana ndi chopondera kapena nsapato, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha dzinali.
Chizindikiro cha chamoyo chophatikizika ndi kupezeka kwa kilia kakang'ono pamwamba pa thupi. Kwa mphindikati, aliyense wa iwo amapanga mikwingwirima 25, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nsapato iziyenda. The infusoria amayenda mwachangu kwambiri - kuthamanga pa sekondi sikupita 3 mm.
Zabwino
Infusoria nthawi zambiri amaberekanso mosiyanasiyana - kugawa pawiri. Ma nuclei agawidwa m'magawo awiri, ndipo mu ciliator iliyonse yatsopano mumakhala gawo lalikulu ndi limodzi laling'ono. Iliyonse mwa mabungwe awiriwo amalandira gawo la ma organelles, ndipo enawo amapangidwanso.
Kubalana kwa ciliates
Zogonana
Ndikusowa kwa chakudya kapena kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ma ciliates amasunthira ku kubereka, kenako amatha kusintha ngati cyst.
Panthawi yogonana, kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ena sikuchitika. Ziphuphu ziwiri zimalumikizana kwakanthawi. Pa nthawi yolumikizirana, chigombachi chimasungunuka ndikumalumikiza mlatho pakati pa nyama. Pakatikati pa ciliator iliyonse chimazimiririka. Pakatikati yaying'ono imagawidwa kawiri. Pa ciliator iliyonse, anai aakazi aane amapangidwa. Atatu aiwo awonongedwa, ndipo wachinayi wagawidwanso. Zotsatira zake, masamba awiri amakhalapobe. Kusinthana kwa ma nuclei kumachitika motsatira mlatho wa cytoplasmic, ndipo pomwepo zimaphatikizana ndi ma nucleus otsala. Nsiyi yomwe yangopangika kumeneyo imapanga nambala yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, ndipo ma ciliates amasiyanasiyana. Kugonana kumeneku kumatchedwa conjugation. Zimatha pafupifupi maola 12. Kugonana kumayambitsa kukonzanso, kusinthana pakati pa anthu ndi kugawaniza zinthu zakubadwa (genetic), zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya zinthu.
Nthawi yazamoyo
Kodi kukula ciliates kunyumba?
Cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo, ngakhale chokha, chimasowa chakudya. Palibe chosiyana ndi nsapato za ciliates. Pakati pazakudya zake ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukonzekera malo omwe adzakhale ochuluka. Tengani chidebe chilichonse ndikutsanulira madzi a aquarium pamenepo. Yesani kutolera pafupi ndi pomwe mbewu zimatuluka. Pafupifupi aliyense woyang'anira aquarium wopangidwa kale ndi zachilengedwe kale amakhala ndi ma ciliates, ngakhale sipanakhale ambiri a iwo.
Kenako, onjezani tsamba kapena masamba a nthochi. Nthawi zina amasakanikirana ndi nsomba zamchere za algal (granular). Pafupifupi malo ogulitsira apadera nthawi zonse mutha kugula. Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kugawa zakudya zamtunduwu m'matumba osiyanasiyana.
Zikhalidwe zonse ziwirizi zizisungidwa padzuwa kwa sabata limodzi (ngati nthawi yayitali ndiye bwinonso). Nthawi yoyenera yolimilira ciliates, motero - chilimwe. Madzi akakhala amdima, ichi ndi chizindikiritso choti gulu la bakiteriya layamba. Kenako, othandizira anzawo ayamba kusewera. Mutha kuwona maonekedwe awo ngakhale opanda ma microscope ndi magalasi okulitsa: madziwo ayenera kukhala opaka.
Chilichonse chinakwaniritsidwa? Mutha kuchulukitsa koloniyo potenga thanki ina yomwe ili ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi bakiteriya ndikuwonjezera madzi pang'ono kuchokera koyambirira. Mwachangu muyenera kudyetsedwa kwenikweni ndi madontho amadzi kuchokera mu thanki momwe ma ciliates amakhala. Mukawonjezera chakudya chochuluka kuposa momwe mwachangu amatha kudya, nsapatozi zimangofa, ndipo zinthu zake zowola zimayambitsa madzi. Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyambiranso ndi madzi kuchokera kumalo osungira, komwe ma ciliates ndi okulirapo. Ndipo mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi ma microscope kuti muwone molondola zomwe zili muorganorganism.
Chakudya chachikulu cha mwachangu ndi othandizira
ndi
ozungulira
. Woyang'anira nsomba aliyense azitha kuweta kunyumba, pokhapokha ngati akuwasamalira bwino anthu ochepa okhala m'matanthwe.
Komwe nsapato za ciliates zimakhala
Nsapato zotchedwa ciliates zimakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi abwino. Ubwino wa nsapato zansapato m'chilengedwe ndizabwino zokha, chifukwa momwe ma ciliates amakhala, madzi amakhala oyera nthawi zonse ndipo amawonekera, ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti mabakiteriya ndi microalgae, monga zowononga matupi amadzi, zimaperekedwa monga chakudya cha ciliates ndipo zimadyedwa kwambiri ndi iwo.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma ciliates m'matupi amadzi nthawi zonse chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso mosinthanitsa. M'malo osungira zachilengedwe, ma ciliates amatha kukhala chakudya choyambirira cha mwachangu.
Matenda a infusoria
Pamodzi ndi ma ciliates osavulaza, palinso majeremusi a ciliates ndipo amatha kuvulaza thanzi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma invertebrates ndi ma vertebrates. M'malo am'madzi, infusoria parasitizing pa thupi la nsomba imabweretsa mavuto akulu. Izi michere yama pathogenic imatha kuyambitsa matenda angapo owopsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi nsomba.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a infusoria ndi monga: Ciliary infusoria (matenda - Ichthyophthyriasis), infusoria Cryptocarion (matenda - Cryptocaryonosis), ciliary ya Equipotential Chilodonellaspp. (matenda - Chylodonellosis kapena matenda amkaka), amathandizira ku Brooklynella sp. (matenda - Brooklinellosis), ciliary ciliary Trichodina sp. (matenda - Trichodiniasis), infusoria Tetrahymena sp. (matenda - Tetrachimena), Carchesium ciliates. Sp Epistylis sp. Vorticella sp. (matenda - nkhungu yabodza).
Ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya parasitic ciliates amatha kukhalapo mu aquarium yakunyumba, koma zimakhudza nsomba zomwe zimafooka.
Infusoria wa mwachangu
Pazinthu zam'madzi, zikafika pokweza mwachangu, kuterera kokhazikika kungakhale kopindulitsa. Chovala cha ciliates ndichakudya chochepa kwambiri chamoyo, kukula kwake ndi 0.1-0.3 mm ndipo ndioyenera ngati chakudya choyambira cha mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba, komanso mwachangu, yemwe kupatula ma ciliates, safuna kuwona china chilichonse. Kuti apatse chakudya mwachangu, ambiri am'madzi akuweta amtundu kunyumba.
Momwe mungasungire ciliates kunyumba
Ciliates nsapato amatanthauza unicellular protozoa. Njira zoberekera zimatha kukhala zothandizirana komanso zogawa maselo, komanso zogonana. Mutha kuchepetsa ma ciliates mumtsuko wamba wama lita atatu, koma choyamba muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya za nsapatoyo mwa ife - awa ndi mabakiteriya.
Pa kubala mabakiteriya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito: peel ya nthochi youma, magudumu a karoti, mkaka wosasamba, decoction wa hay. Madzi amayenera kumwedwa kokha kuchokera m'madzi athanzi komanso omwe mankhwalawo sanagwiritsidwepo kale.
Chidziwitso: Akatswiri ena am'madzi mumavidiyo awo akuwonetsa momwe angachotsere ma ciliati ambiri m'madzi momwe angathere kuti abereke pambuyo pake, chotsani chinkhupulecho mu fayirayo ndikufinya zinyalala zonsezi ndikuzithira. Sindikupangira kuti uzichita zopusa chonchi chifukwa infusoria sungakhale mu chinkhupule ndipo palibenso china kupatula dothi ndi zinyalala.
Kupitilira apo, pakukula kwa mabakiteriya, timayiyika mumtsuko ndipo zochepa kwambiri zomwe sizikhala m'zinthu zomwe zalembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse ndimagwiritsa ntchito matayala a karoti 2-3 kapena mulifupi mwake masentimita 3-4. chidutswa cha peel nthochi youma.
Awo amene akufuna kubereka ciliates pamkaka ayenera kudziwa kuti osaposerapo madontho awiri awiri amawonjezeredwa mumtsuko, ndipo msuzi wa hay, kutulutsa komwe kungakhale kosiyana ndi aliyense pano, monga akunenera ndi maso kapena osaposa atatu supuni spoons.
Valani mtsuko ndi chivindikiro ndikudikirira masiku 1-2 mpaka madzi m'banki asamba. Madzi omwe ali mumtsuko atakhala mitambo, tiyenera kugwira ndikutaya mawilo a karoti kapena nthochi za nthochi, ndipo ngati mukuthira ndi mkaka kapena msuzi wa msuzi ndipo ngati pali fungo losasangalatsa, muyenera kuthira madziwo mumtsuko ndi madzi ochokera ku aquarium ndipo ngati izi sizingachitike, madzi omwe ali mumtsuko adzawola mpaka pamlingo wotere. kuti infusoria mulimo, ndiye kuti sangathe kulekanitsidwa mmenemo, mabakiteriya ochulukirachulukira kuchokera pano ndikukununkhira kosaletseka kwa nyama yowola kumawonekera.
Chidziwitso: Akatswiri ena am'madzi omwe m'mbuyomu sanatchulidwe magulu amawonetsa luso lawo m'mavidiyo. Wina ayenera kudabwitsidwa ndi masamba angati a nthochi. Chifukwa chiyani kuswana nyama yowola? Infusoria sadzakhala momwemo!
Madzi omwe ali mumtsuko atakhala mitambo kuchokera kwa mabakiteriya ochulukirachulukira, ndikuchotsa zinthu zonse zofunikira kuti mabacteria apezeke mumtsuko, timangosiya botolo lokha kwa masiku 7-10. Nthawi yonseyi, kutentha kwa firiji 25-27 °, ma ciliates ku banki adzachulukitsa, ndipo mabakiteriya onse atadyedwa ndi iwo, madziwo amakhala akumveka. Ma ciliates amawoneka bwino ndi maliseche, palibe fungo losasangalatsa, ndipo ma ciliates amatha kudyetsedwa mwachangu ndi kuthira madzi kuchokera mumtsuko pamodzi ndi madzi.
Chidziwitso: Mitundu ingapo ya ma ciliates amakhala m'madzimo amadzimadzi, mwa omwe mumakhala omwe mafinya samadya, ndikuwukitsa mwachangu ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe chokhacho cha ciliates. Mutha kupeza chikhalidwe choyera cha nsapato pakati pa akatswiri odziwa kupanga nsomba asodzi kapena kuyesa kudzipatula nsapatozo ndi mitundu ina ya mabungwe anu.