Manul a ku Siberia ndiye malo okhala kumpoto kwambiri omwe amasinthasintha nyengo yotentha komanso yozizirira kwambiri kutentha nyengo yozizira (mpaka -50 ° C) ndi chipale chofewa. M'dzinja ndi nyengo yachisanu, Pallas ndi wonenepa kwambiri komanso wopanda ntchito. Chophimba chachikulu, chotchinga chipale chofewa chimapangitsa kuti kusuntheke kusuntha ndikupeza chakudya, zomwe sizimalola kuti amphaka azikhala m'tchire komanso m'mapiri a mapiri, momwe mumakhala chipale chofewa makamaka. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi malo okwera, zipululu za mapiri, zipululu zocheperako komanso mapiri okhala ndi miyala, yomwe ili ngati lamulo pamiyala yamapiri otsika (mpaka 1100-1500 m).
Kugawidwa ku Transbaikalia, mapiri a Altai, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Central ndi Western Asia.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book, mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, mu Appendix II ya Convention on International Trade.
Amakhala m'malo okwera miyala, malo otsetsereka, m'mapiri mpaka 3000 m kumtunda kwa nyanja, m'malo osefukira a mitsinje ndi malo opezeka udzu. Kugawidwa ku Transbaikalia, mapiri a Altai, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Central ndi Western Asia.
Imadyetsa makoswe onga mbewa, mbalame. Lairyo imakonza m'miyala ya m'miyala, m'makola a marmot, tarbagans, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chaka chonse. Mimba ili pafupi ndi masiku 60. Kuyambira 2 mpaka 12 amphongo amabadwa.
Manulas onse omwe adafika ku Novosibirsk Zoo adagwidwa mu 1994-1995 pamalire a Republic of Tuva ndi Mongolia. Mpaka 1994, ndi anthu okhawo omwe amawasungira kumalo osungira nyama. Pomwepo mu 1995, ana oyamba adabadwa, ndipo ntchito zowawa zidayamba kuwona, kuphunzira za machitidwe amachitidwe amphaka ndikupanga malo apadera amphaka awa.
Ma Pallas amadziwika kuti amakonda kwambiri toxoplasmosis. Makoko onse amataya chifukwa cha toxoplasmosis kittens manul, ndipo nthawi zina akuluakulu. Zoo ya Novosibirsk, mwatsoka, sizinachite chimodzimodzi. Koma kupitirira zaka makumi awiri akugwira ntchito, akatswiri akwanitsa kusintha zinthu. Katemera, kukonzekera kwapadera kwa akazi ndi ana, chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka cha magawo onse a moyo - titha kunena mosakayika kuti nyama zochepa ndizofunika kusamalira malo osungira nyama. Nthawi zambiri, ana 2-6 amabadwa ku Pallas. Mu 1999, panali milandu yachilendo ku Novosibirsk Zoo: mayi wina wotchedwa Solda anabereka ana apakati 9. Mwa awa, 8 akula bwino.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikusintha kwamtundu wamaso m'mphaka. Pobadwa, maso awo amakhala amtambo. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala wobiriwira, ndipo maso akuluakulu a manula amakhala achikasu.
Kwa zaka zopitilira makumi awiri, ana amuna 64 amabadwira mu Zoo ya Novosibirsk. Mbadwa za mapolishi athu tsopano amakhala ku Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Great Britain, Japan, Czech Republic, ndi Finland. Malo athu osungirako nyama amatenga nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu a kuteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku Europe.
Pa zoo ku Novosibirsk adawonetsa ma Pansas
Mu Zoo ya Novosibirsk, nyama zanyama zinawonekera m'makola, omwe mpaka pano sanakonde kuti aziwonetsedwa. Tsopano mu menagerie mutha kuyang'ana ana a mphaka wa Far Eastern, harza ndi manul.
Malinga ndi olemba malo osungira nyama, nyama zambiri sizimakonda kuwonetsa ana awo, zidakali zochepa kwambiri. Manul nawonso amachita izi. Mu kasupe wa chaka chino, a Manula achikazi amabereka ana amphaka anayi, koma mutha kuwawona okha.
A Pallas achichepere adawonetsedwa ku Novosibirsk Zoo.
Pallas nthawi zambiri amabisa mwachinsinsi, ndipo manulih uyu anali wobisalira kwambiri, ndipo sanafune kuwonetsa ana awo ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziwa zachipatala omwe samadziwa kuchuluka kwa mphaka.
Zinyama zazing'onoyi zitakula pang'ono, nthawi inakwana yoyenda ndi amayi, omwe amakonda kuyenda ndi ana ake poyenda popanda anthu pafupi. Monga lamulo, izi zinachitika dzuwa litalowa. Komabe, tsopano ana a Pallas amatha kuwoneka masana. Ana a Harza, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri mpaka khumi, adayamba kuwonekera "pagulu".
Manulas ndi achinsinsi komanso osangalatsa.
Ngati mukupirira komanso kukhala kanthawi kumalo owonera, ndiye kuti alendo adzawona momwe ana amasewera, momwe amawonekera komanso kuwombera padziko lozungulira. Achichepere adayamba kale kufanana ndi makolo awo amphamvu komanso okongola, koma mitundu yawo idakali yosiyana. Ana agalu Akum'mawa akutsogolo nawonso adabisala kwa nthawi yayitali kubisala kuphanga ndi amayi awo.
Mphaka wa ku Far East, wotchedwanso mphaka wa ku Amur, ndi mtundu wa mphaka wa ku Bengal. Kukula kwake, kumakhala kakakulu pang'ono kuposa kambuwa wamba wa Bengal ndipo amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu anayi mpaka sikisi. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayi kumafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira wake kukhoza kukhala masentimita makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira. Mawonekedwe ofiira akuda amwazikana ndi maziko awa.
Kharza ku Novosibirsk Zoo.
Nyama izi ndizofala, monga dzina lawo limatanthawuzira, ku Far East m'chigawo cha Amur komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Japan. Mphaka wamtchire ku Amur amadya, monga imayenera mphaka, makoswe ochepa, koma nthawi zina amatha kuwononga ma hares. Zovuta za agwape achichepere ndizosowa. Amphaka a nkhalango za Amur amakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Tsoka ilo, nyamayi ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book.
Ponena za charza, ndiye zochepa zomwe zimadziwika kwa anthu ambiri zanyama iyi. Pakadali pano, harza, kapena monga amatchulidwanso, mbuzi ya Ussuri (kapena chikasu chokhala ndi chikasu), ndi nyama yosangalatsa komanso yokongola yomwe ili ya banja la martens. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa onse oimira genus marten, ndi harza yemwe ali wamkulu kwambiri komanso wowala. Akatswiri ena a zinyama amatha kusiyanitsa harza mu mtundu wina. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndi kutalika kwa mchira - mpaka makumi anayi ndi anayi. Kulemera kwa charza kumafika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu ndi awiri. Monga martens onse, ali ndi thupi losinthika kwambiri, lalitali komanso miyendo yayifupi.
Kharza - Chinyama chakum'mawa.
Kudera la Russia, amakhala m'malo a Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky, m'malo ena m'chigawo cha Amur, m'chigawo cha Amur komanso ku Ussuri Basin. Pakadali pano, Kharza akuwonetseredwa ku Krasnodar Territory, kutali ndi Novorossiysk.
Kharza amathamanga kwambiri ndipo, ndiwokwera bwino kwambiri. Kudumpha kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita kwina, amatha kupanga kudumpha mpaka mamita anayi. Chifukwa cha talente yakumaloko yamtunduwu, charza ndi amodzi mwa nkhalango zamphamvu kwambiri za Ussuri taiga. Ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pa charza ndi musk deer, kuphatikiza apo, amadyanso makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame, mavu ndi tizilombo tina. Nthawi zina amadya uchi wa njuchi, mtedza wa paini ndi zipatso.
Amphaka Wamphaka Wamtchire Amur.
Kuphatikiza pa anthu, charza ilinso ndi adani ochepa, chifukwa ngati sichikhala cholanda cha wozembetsa, imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba kwambiri. Mwamwayi, khungu la charza ndilosafunikira kwenikweni, kotero pali mwayi kuti kuchuluka kwa nyama zodabwitsazi kubwezeretsedwanso.
China chake ndi manula, omwe, mbali imodzi, ali pafupi kutsimikizira kumene nyamayi imangopezeka mu Buku Lofiyira, ndipo mbali inayo, imabereka bwino mu ukapolo. Tsoka ilo, vutoli ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kufa pakati pa ana a Pallas.
Mphaka Wamkulu Wa Akulu Amur.
Koma, tiyeni tikhulupirire kuti manuli ochokera ku Novosibirsk apulumuka ndikuthandizira pakubereka amphaka okongola awa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
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Inglembetsani nkhaniyo tsiku lililonse kuti musaphonye zinthu zosangalatsa:
FoundER NDI WOPANGIRA: Komsomolskaya Pravda Publishing House.
Kutsatsa kwapaintaneti (tsamba) kumawerengedwa ndi Roskomnadzor, satifiketi E No. Wowongolera wamkulu pamalopo ndi Nosova Olesya Vyacheslavovna.
Ndemanga ndi ndemanga kuchokera kwa owerenga malowa omwe adatumizidwa popanda kusintha. Okonza ali ndi ufulu wochotsa pamalowo kapena kusintha ngati mauthenga awa ndi ndemanga zake ndizophatikiza ufulu wa zofalitsa kapena kuphwanya zofunika zina zamalamulo.