Gawo lomaliza la nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Zayamba kale kudziwika kwa aliyense: ngati palibe chachilendo chikuchitika, nkhaniyi ithera pakugonjetsedwa kwa Germany. Magulu ophatikizana a USSR akutukuka mdaniyo mokulira. Poyesera kuthana ndi zomwe zikukhumudwitsazi, a chipani cha Nazi akupanga tanki lalikulu lotetezedwa lotchedwa White Tiger. Amawoneka mumtambo wautsi kunkhondo, ngati kuti palibe kwina, akuwombera adani molimba mtima ndikungoponya utsi ntchito itatha. Pozindikira kuti ndizosatheka kugonjetsa zida za adani choncho, akuluakulu a Soviet adalangiza kuti apange mdani woyenera. Ndiyomwe iyamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa thanki yanthano ya T-34-85.
Sewero lankhondo la Karen Shakhnazarov The White Tiger limafotokoza za chitukuko cha thanki iyi, komanso za nkhondo zapakati pa akasinja aku Soviet and Germany. Zolemba zake zidakhazikitsidwa pa buku la wolemba amakono Ilya Boyashov, chifukwa chake chiwembuchi chimakomera mtima komanso zambiri. Wotsogolera adaperekanso kanema kwa abambo ake a George, omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazankhondo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
M'malo mwa akasinja enieni, kanemayo adagwiritsa ntchito makope osinthika mosamala - omwewo kukula kwake ndi mphamvu, koma kangapo akuwunika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono. Ngakhale mutu wankhondo wanthawi zonse, kanemayo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumba yazinyumba, chifukwa yodzaza ndi zisonyezo ndi malingaliro osatsimikiza omwe alibe kutanthauzira kosatsutsika. M'malo moona zenizeni, izi ndizobisika, m'malo mongokhalira kukonda dziko lanu - kupanda tsankho kwathunthu. Kuyang'ana zachilendo pa nkhondo, kukhala otsimikiza.
Chiwembu
Nkhondo Yaikulu Ya Patriotic, chilimwe cha 1943. Pali mphekesera pa mzere wakutsogolo za tank yayikulu yosazungulira ya Germany yomwe imangobwera mwadzidzidzi pamabwalo omenyera nkhondo komanso mwadzidzidzi imasowa osatulutsa utsi, ndikuwononga gulu lonse la Soviet tank. Chilombo chodabwitsa chija chidatchedwa "Tiger White."
Itatha imodzi mwa nkhondo zomwe zidawonongeka mu thanki yaku Soviet yomwe idasweka, yowotchera yoipa, koma wamoyo adapezeka - woyendetsa. Ngakhale kuwotcha 90% kwa thupi ndi poyizoni wamagazi, wankhondowo, kudabwitsa madotolo, mwadzidzidzi amachira ndipo amabwerera kuntchito. Samadziwa dzina lake, samakumbukira zakale, koma amapeza luso lotha kumvetsetsa "chilankhulo" cha akasinja, kuti "awamvere" monga zolengedwa zina zokhala ndi chifukwa. Akutsimikiza kuti tanki yovuta ku Germany ilipo, ndipo iyenera kuwonongedwa ("mulungu wamatanki" adayilamula), chifukwa "White Tiger" ndiyo njira yankhondo, mantha ake ndi magazi. Amapatsidwa zikalata zatsopano m'dzina la Ivan Ivanovich Naydenov (Alexei Vertkov) ndikumukweza pa gulu lankhondo. Panjira yopita kunkhondo, wogwira ntchito pamalatayo akuwona pa nsanja ya sitimayo ali ndi zida zowonongeka ziwiri, T-34 ndi BT. Adauza olamulira awiriwo kuti awauza akasinja: BT idakankhidwa ndi Panther, yomwe idabisalira, T-34 idatenthedwa ndi White Tiger. Oyang'anira amaona kuti wopanga tanko ndi wamisala.
Zabwino Fedotov (Vitaliy Kishchenko), wachiwiri kwa woyang'anira gulu lankhondo la tanki, amalandila ku Soviet lamulo lomwe linapangidwa mwapadera kuyesa kwa T-34 tanki yapakati pazosintha zaposachedwa - T-34-85 (popanda kuchuluka, injini yokakamizidwa, zida zowonjezereka, okhazikika mfuti), ntchito - kuti amupangire ogwira ntchito, ndikupezanso ndikuwononga mdani "White Tiger". Wolamulira wa tank yatsopano ya Soviet Fedotov kusankhidwa Ivan Naydenov ndipo alamula gulu lake kuti amalize ntchito yomwe anapatsidwa. Kuyesa koyamba kumalephereka: White Tiger, atasiya kuwombera katatu kanyumba ya nyambo (komanso T-34-85) ndi kuwombera koyamba, amakuwononga, ndipo ndi thanki Naydenova imasewera ngati mphaka ndi mbewa: imamuyendetsa paphiri la zida zopsereza, amatuluka ndipo, pomalizira pake, amataya miyala yodzikongoletsera kumanzere kwakumbuyo, kumbuyo kwake. Mwamwayi, gulu lonse la Ivan likadalibe. Akuluakulu a Fedotov amakhulupiriranso kuti Naydenov sakanatha kukhala ndi moyo ngati ukuyaka (90% ya thupi). Iye, m'malingaliro owoneka bwino mawu, adabadwanso kuti awononge White Tiger. Kuphatikiza apo, Naydenova anachenjezadi za "Tiger" ngati "mulungu wamatanki", ndipo akasinja eni. Monga momwe Ivan pambuyo pake ananenera, "akufuna iye akhale ndi moyo."
Pazovuta zaposachedwa, thanki Naydenova pofunafuna "White Tiger", yomwe imangokhumudwitsa Soviet, imagwera m'mudzi wosiyidwa, ndikugwetsa tank yakujambulidwa yaku Germany komweko ndikumenyananso ndi mdani wamkulu. Pakadali pano, White Tiger yawonongeka kwambiri, koma sinawonongeke. Nkhondoyo itatha, akubisanso, osapeza.
Masika a 1945. Pambuyo pa kudzipereka kwa Germany Fedotovkale pagulu la atsamunda, kuyesa kukopa Naydenovakuti nkhondo yatha, koma sakuvomereza. Mpaka "White Tiger" itawonongedwa, nkhondoyi sidzatha, --atsimikiza Naydenov"- ali wokonzeka kudikirira zaka makumi awiri, makumi asanu, zana limodzi, koma adzawonekeranso ndi kumenya." Colonel Fedotov asamukira mgalimoto yake, ndipo potembenuka, amangowona kachidutswa kakang'ono pamalo a tanki ...
Mchiwonetsero chomaliza cha chakudya chamadzulo muofesi yamdima, Adolf Hitler akupereka zifukwa kwa mlendo wosamveka za nkhondoyi:
Ndipo tangopeza kulimba mtima kuti tidziwe zomwe Europe idalota! ... Kodi sitidazindikira loto lobisika la nzika iliyonse ya ku Europe? Nthawi zonse samakonda Ayuda! M'miyoyo yawo yonse adachita mantha ndi dziko lodetsa nkhawa ili ku East ... Ndati: ingotilimbikitseni mavuto awiriwa, awathetse kamodzi… Umunthu wakhala chomwe uli, chifukwa cha kulimbana! Kumenya ndichinthu chachilengedwe, tsiku lililonse. Amapita nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse. Kulimbana kulibe chiyambi kapena mathero. Kulimbana ndi moyo womwe. Nkhondo ndiye poyambira. ” |
Cast
Aunt | Udindo |
---|---|
Alexey Vertkov | Ivan Ivanovich Naydenov, wamkulu wa akasinja Ivan Ivanovich Naydenov, wamkulu wa akasinja |
Vitaliy Kishchenko | Alexei Fedotov, wamkulu (panthawiyo wolamulira), wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa asitikali a tanki Alexei Fedotov, wamkulu (panthawiyo wolamulira), wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa asitikali a tanki |
Valery Grishko | Marshal Zhukov Marshal Zhukov |
Alexander Vakhov | Hook, membala wa thankiyo Naydenova Hook, membala wa thankiyo Naydenova |
Vitaly Dordzhiev | Berdyev, membala wa thankiyo Naydenova Berdyev, membala wa thankiyo Naydenova |
Dmitry Bykovsky-Romashov | General Smirnov (prototype - Katukov Mikhail Efimovich) General Smirnov (prototype - Katukov Mikhail Efimovich) |
Gerasim Arkhipov | woyang'anira Sharipov woyang'anira Sharipov |
Vladimir Ilyin | mutu wa chipatala mutu wa chipatala |
Maria Shashlova | dokotala wankhondo wa chipatala chamunda dokotala wankhondo wa chipatala chamunda |
Karl Krantzkowski | Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler |
Klaus Grunberg | Stumpf Stumpf |
Christian Redl | Keitel Keitel |
Victor Solovyov | Keitel oyandikana nawo Keitel oyandikana nawo |
Wilmar Biri | Friedeburg Friedeburg |
Lingaliro
Karen Shakhnazarov wakhala akufuna kuwombera chithunzi cha asirikali. Mwalingaliro lake, wotsogolera aliyense m'badwo wake ayenera kupanga filimu yokhudza nkhondo. Shakhnazarov akufotokoza, "Poyamba, abambo anga omwalira anali msirikali wapambuyo, adamenyera zaka ziwiri. Kanemayo ili kwinaku akumamukumbukira, za abwenzi ake. Ndipo chachiwiri, mwinanso chofunikira kwambiri: kumenyanako nkhondo ikamachoka, nthawi yofunika kwambiri ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Tikuwululira mbali zake zatsopano. ”
Mwina wotsogolera sakadalongosola za nkhondo ngati sakadawerenga buku la Ilya Boyashov lotchedwa "Tanker, kapena The White Tiger," lomwe ndi maziko a filimuyi. Bukuli lidakondweretsa Shakhnazarov ndikuwonera zatsopano za nkhondoyi, zachilendo kwa zikhulupiriro zonse zankhondo. Malinga ndi iye, nkhani ya Ilya Boyashov, malinga ndi momwe iye, pamodzi ndi Alexander Borodyansky, adalemba zojambulazo, "ali ndi chidwi kwambiri" ndi mawu a Herman Melville a "Moby Dick, kapena White Whale." Kuphatikiza apo, wotsogolera adaganiza zopanga kanema wonena za nkhondoyi chifukwa, mu lingaliro lake, sinema yamakono ilibe chowonadi pankhaniyi.
Kujambula
Director Karen Shakhnazarov adatsogolera bajeti yake yayikulu kwambiri (ndi bajeti ya $ 11 miliyoni) wotsogolera "White Tiger" wazaka za 3.5.
Kuwomberako kunachitika pamalo ophunzitsira ankhondo m'dera la Alabino pafupi ndi Moscow, pomwe mudzi wonse unamangidwa, pamalo a Petrovskoye-Alabino, ku Mosfilm - pamalo achilengedwe "Old Moscow", gawo lomwe linasinthidwa kukhala mzinda wowonongedwa wa Europe kumapeto kwa nkhondo, komanso m'malo opezekamo. Mu 1st paionion ya Mosfilm, adayika chithunzi cha holo ya Karlshorst College of Engineering, pomwe panali malo olemba chikwangwani cha German Surrender Act. Mu buluti wachitatu, anaikamo mtundu wa tanku womwe umatsata komanso kuwombera - zithunzi zinajambulidwa momwemo omwe amajambula filimuyi ali mkati mwa thankiyo. Ndipo pachithunzithunzi chachinayi ndikuwonetsa zokongola "Kabungwe la Hitler" lidapangidwa, pomwe mawu omaliza a Fuhrer adapangidwa.
Makamaka pa kanemayo, studio ya Samara "Rondo-S" adapanga mtundu wa thanki yaku Germany "Tiger" mu sikelo 1: 1. Tangiyo inali ndi injini ya dizilo kuchokera ku thirakitala ya asirikali, yomwe imalola kuti ifike kuthamanga kwa 38 km / h (chimodzimodzi ndi yakaleyo), ndi mfuti yokhala ndi chida chofanizira kuwombera, ndikulingirira mfuti yamfuti ya Germany 8.8 cmKK 36, yomwe yoyambirira idanyamula nayo Tiger. " Mwambiri, tsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane adakopedwa, masanjidwewo okha omwe adalemedwa katatu kuposa oyambira. Komabe, chifukwa chosowa ndalama za choyimira, thanki ya Soviet T-54 ndi IS-3 yomwe idapangidwa pansi pa Tiger idagwiritsidwa ntchito mufilimuyi. Atakonza zolakwikazo, masanjidwewo adasamutsidwira kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale a Mosfilm.
Udindo waukulu wa mkulu wa akasinja Ivan Ivanovich Naydenov ochitidwa ndi wosewera Alexei Vertkov. Koma malinga ndi akatswiri a m'makanema, amadziwika bwino Fedotova ochitidwa ndi Vitaliy Kishchenko sanakhale wotsika kwambiri ngati wamkulu, ngakhale izi sizomwe zidalembedwa.
Mphotho ndi mayankho
Makanema ojambula "White Tiger" adawonetsedwa pamaphwando ambiri ama filimu apadziko lonse komanso mphotho zamafilimu ndipo adalandira mphotho zambiri:
- Pyongyang International Film Chikondwerero, DPRK, Seputembara 2012 - Mphoto Yapadera ya Jury.
- X International War Cinema Chikondwerero chotchedwa Yu. N. Ozerov, Russia, Moscow (Okutobala 14-18, 2012) - Grand Prix "Lupanga Lankhondo", Mphotho ya ntchito yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsa.
- Chikondwerero cha mafilimu apadziko lonse a IX International chokhudza asirikali achikunja omwe adatchulidwa pambuyo pa S. F. Bondarchuk "Volokolamsk malire", Russia, Volokolamsk (Novembara 16-21, 2012) - Mphotho yayikulu, Mphotho ya State film Fund.
- Chikondwerero cha Mafilimu a Capri International, Hollywood, Italy, Disembala 2012 - Mphoto Yapamwamba ya Capri, Hollywood.
- Chikondwerero cha mafilimu a Jamison ku Dublin, Ireland, February 2013 - Mphotho Yabwino Kwambiri Kuchita Wopanga Utsogoleri Alexei Vertkov.
- Fantasporto International Film Chikondwerero, Portugal, February 2013 - Mphoto Yapadera
- "Hayak" Mphotho wa National Film Mphotho, Armenia, Epulo 2013 - Mphoto Ya Grand mu kusankha "Filamu Yabwino Kwambiri Yachilendo".
- Fantaspoa International Film Festival, Brazil, Meyi 2013 - Mphoto ya Wotsogolera Wabwino Kwambiri.
- Phwando la 11 la Levante International Filamu ku Bari, Italy, Novembala-Disembala 2013 - Mphoto ya Otsutsa Mafilimu ku Italy.
- Mphoto yoyamba pamasulidwe akuti "Mafilimu ndi ma Telefilms" mkati mwa Dongosolo Lachisanu ndi chiwiri la Federal Security Service ya Russia "Chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri zolemba ndi zaluso pazogwira ntchito zachitetezo cha feduro" za 2012 - kwa Karen Shakhnazarov pakupanga ndi kujambula.
- Mphotho 3 mu kusankha "Ntchito ya Actor" mkati mwa Dongosolo Lachisanu ndi chiwiri la Federal Security Service la Russia "Chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri zolemba ndi zaluso pazogwira ntchito zachitetezo cha boma" za chaka cha 2012 - wochita sewero a Vitaly Kishchenko kuti akhale woyang'anira wamkulu wankhondo Major Fedotov mu filimuyi.
- Mphoto ya Golden Eagle ya National Academy of Motion Photo Arts ndi Sayansi ya Russia (2013):
- "Kanema wabwino kwambiri" wa 2012.
- "Nyimbo zabwino kwambiri zakanema" za 2012.
- "Kusintha Kwabwino Kwapamwamba" kwa 2012.
- "Ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya injiniya wamagetsi" ya 2012.
Osati wokondweretsa, koma fanizo
Moona mtima, sindinalingalire zowonera filimuyi. Kwambiri ndawunikiranso za slag zamakono za nkhondo ngati Dnieper Boundary, Dot, ndi zina, kotero ndimakonda kunyalanyaza mafilimu onse otere. Abambo anga adandilangiza kuti ndidziwe bwino za kanemayu (komanso wotsutsa wamkulu wa "makanema" athu amakono), akunena kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lakuzindikira. Sindikuphonya izi ndipo ndaganiza kuti ndiziwone.
Kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira, zida zenizeni (osati plywood) zitayamba kuwoneka, ndipo zisudzo zomwe adasewera kumbuyo zidatulukika kwambiri, ndidazindikira kuti nditha kukonda White Tiger. Mukudziwa, koma kusewera koyenera kwa ochita zisudzo ndi njira yodalirika sikuti ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chidandigwira. Shakhnazarov mu kanema wake sanawonetse mkangano pakati pa akasinja awiri okha, anali mkangano pakati pa magulu ankhondo apadziko lonse lapansi - Europe ndi Russia. Thanki iyi, monga chizindikiritso cha zilakalaka zankhondo za ku Europe, "idagunda magulu athu" kuchokera pagulu lankhondo la Napoleon, kenako a Hitler ... Ndipo, pankhondo yomwe ili kumudzi wosiyidwa, sanatayike, adangotsala kuti, akunyambita mabala ake, abwererenso ...
Europe nthawi zonse imayang'ana ku Russia ndikusakhulupirira, madera akuluakulu olemera omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali akuziwopseza. Chifukwa chake, sanataye mwayi wopeza phindu kuchokera ku chuma cha Russia komanso nthawi yomweyo kufooketsa "mnansi wake" wamkulu. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inali imodzi mwazothekazi.
Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa filimuyi, asitikali athu olemera omwe dziko lomwe afa amalimbana nawo. Ndipo kumapeto kwa filimuyo, Hitler akuti: "Nkhondo yatha, Europe yagonjetsedwa." Amakhala mwamantha Russia nthawi zonse, zidzakhala choncho. Kufunika kwa mawu awa kukuwoneka mosavuta masiku ano.
Ambiri akuyembekeza kuchokera mufilimuyi kumenyedwe kwamphamvu, nkhondo zamatanki, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro ... ndipo adakhumudwitsidwa posawaona. Pali zithunzi ziwiri zokha, magulu awiri akuwonetsa mbiri yonse ya ubale wapakati pazachitukuko, ku Europe ndi ku Russia.
"The Last Frontier" (RF, 2015) ndi kanema wamagawo anayi onena za ngwazi za Panfilov omwe adateteza Moscow kwa omwe akuukira a Nazi. Kanemayo adakhazikitsidwa ndikuwoneka kwatsopano kwa olemba mbiri amakono a Russian Federation pazochitika za Great Patriotic War. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwonera kanemayo pokhapokha atatha kuwerenga zonse zokhudza nkhondo za 316 Panfilov pafupi ndi Moscow, zomwe zidapangidwa m'mizinda ya Alma-Ata wa Kazakh SSR ndi Frunze wa Kyrgyz SSR. Kuzizira ...
"28 Panfilovites" - kanema wonena za chitetezo chazitetezo ku Moscow pa Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Patriotic (1941-1945). Umu ndi malingaliro amakono a m'badwo wachichepere opanga mafilimu pazomwe zinachitika nkhondo yapitayi. “Kukumbukira za nkhondo sikumva ululu ndi chisoni chokha. Uku ndikukumbukira za nkhondo ndi zochuluka. Chikumbukiro Cha Kupambana! ” (Woweruza wamkulu wa gulu laankhanda la Panfilov Bauirzhan Mamysh-Ula). Novembara 14, 1941, mkati mwakuya ...
Kanemayo adakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya mtundu wapadera wa anthu ogwira ntchito mu KV-1 tank. Atavomereza nkhondo yosayenerera, gulu la a Semyon Konovalov adawononga matanki 16, magalimoto awiri okhala ndi zida ziwiri komanso magalimoto 8 okhala ndi mphamvu mdera la Famu ya Nizhnemityakin mdera la Tarasovsky m'chigawo cha Rostov. Iyi ndi nkhani osati ya ngwazi zolemba, koma za anyamata osweka, oseketsa, osiyana kwambiri omwe amangofuna kukhala ndi moyo, koma panthawi yofunika kupanga lingaliro lolondola ...
Mafilimu onena za nkhondo amatha kudzutsa malingaliro ofuna kukonda anthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati filimu "Tanks" (2018) imawonedwa pa intaneti kwambiri, simungangophunzira za mbiri ya momwe makinawo adapangidwira, komanso kudziwa zovuta ndi zovuta za anthu omwe amagwirizana ndi zomwe amapanga. Umboni wosatsimikizika wa mbiri ya filimuyo "Matanki" unayamba nthawi yoyamba ya Nkhondo Yazopambana. Akatswiri opanga maofesi opanga ...
Maonekedwe a White Tiger.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, White Tiger idatchulidwa ndi omwe amatenga nawo gawo omwe amagwira ntchito kudera la Galicia.Amayang'anitsitsa ngati matayala oyera m'mawa kutuluka chifunga popanda chivundikiro kumbuyo kwake. Kenako, adawombera mwanjira yoti omenyera ufulu wawo komanso asoweka mphindi 15.
Kenako adamva mphamvu za "mzimu" wankhondo waku Soviet. Adziwona kuchokera pazomwe awona kutigalimoto yoyera satenga chilichonse. Ngakhale kuwonekera kwa mfuti za anti-tank sikunathandize. Zipolopolo sizinaphule utoto.
Malingaliro a White Tiger.
Mokwanira pali malingaliro angapo za thanki yamzimu. M'modzi mwa iwo amatsata zamatsenga, kufotokoza mawonekedwe a White Tiger ndi imfa ya gulu lomwe limafuna kubwezera moyo wawo wowonongeka.
Chiphunzitso chinanso chakhazikitsidwa ndi olemba mbiri. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, zidachitika kuti ntchito ya akasinja a Tiger idayendetsedwa ndi Henschel ndi Porsche, ndipo kuyambira 1937.
Zotsatira za ntchitoyi ndi kuphatikiza kwa nsanja za polojekiti ya Porsche ndi nyumba ya Henschel. Koma iyi ndi galimoto yopanga ...
"Tiger" woyambayo Fer Ferandand Porsche anali akadali ndi mfuti 88 mm, koma zida zake ndizabwino pang'ono kuposa wopikisana naye. Matendawa adakhala cholepheretsa kupanga. Ankafuna zitsulo zambiri, zomwe Germany sakanakwanitsa.
Komabe, pafupifupi milandu 90 idatha kupanga pasadakhale, ndipo atakonzanso zida ndikusintha, makinawa adatchulidwa pambuyo pa wopanga - Ferdinand.
Ndi chiyani? Wowononga thanki ya Ferdinand anali wolemera kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo adatetezedwa. Mlanduwo unali ndi maziko a zitsulo 102 mm, kuphatikiza pepala lina la 100 mm. Palibe zida zankhondo zomwe zikanagunda pa nkhondo.
Olemba mbiri amati zojambula zina za akasinja a Porsche zitha kupititsidwa patsogolo ndikutumizidwa kutsogolo. Pazithunzi za mbiri yakale pali umboni wopereka makina amodzi ku magulu aku Germany. Ndipo ndi ku Galicia.
Mwachiwonekere, White Tiger ndichinthu china kupatula mtundu waposintha wa tank la Porsche Tiger, lopaka utoto. Kutumiza kwake kungapereke patsogolo ndikubweza, zomwe zikufotokoza kuchepa kwamakinawo kuchokera munkhondo.
Ponena za "kuwonekera pena paliponse," utoto woyera m'mawa chifunga ngati chobisika, kubisala thanki m'maso mwa adani, mpaka White Tiger itayandikira mtunda wamamita angapo, yomwe inali yokwanira kugunda pafupifupi tank lililonse komanso osati lokha.